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Liu J, Ning W, Zhang N, Zhu B, Mao Y. Estimation of the Global Disease Burden of Depression and Anxiety between 1990 and 2044: An Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1721. [PMID: 39273745 PMCID: PMC11395616 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12171721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Depression and anxiety are the most common and severe mental disorders. This research estimated the prevalence and disease burden of depression and anxiety from 1990 to 2044. (2) Methods: Data on disease burden, population, and risk factors were identified and gathered from the Global Health Data Exchange database. The time trends, sex and age differences, key factors, and regional variations in and predictions of depression and anxiety were analyzed based on the age-standardized incidence rate, prevalence rate, and DALY rate. (3) Results: Our findings revealed that the burden of depression and anxiety was heavy. Specifically, the age-standardized DALY rate of depression started to decrease compared with trends related to anxiety disorders. Meanwhile, females bear a heavier burden for both depression and anxiety. Seniors and the middle-aged population carry the highest burden regarding mental disorders. Both high- and low-socio-demographic-index countries were found to be high-risk regions for depressive disorders. The disease burden attributed to childhood sexual abuse, bullying victimization, and intimate partner violence has increased since 1990. Finally, projections regarding depression and anxiety revealed geographic and age variations. (4) Conclusions: Public health researchers, officers, and organizations should take effective age-, sex-, and location-oriented measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinnan Liu
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Wei Ning
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
- International Centre for Reproductive Health, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ning Zhang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- School of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ying Mao
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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2
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Xu H, Zhong Y, Yuan S, Wu Y, Ma Z, Hao Z, Ding H, Wu H, Liu G, Pang M, Liu N, Wang C, Zhang N. Nitric Oxide Synthase Type 1 Methylation Is Associated With White Matter Microstructure in the Corpus Callosum and Greater Panic Disorder Severity Among Panic Disorder Patients. Front Neurol 2021; 12:755270. [PMID: 34733233 PMCID: PMC8559336 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.755270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Methylation of the neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS1/nNOS) gene has recently been identified as a promising biomarker of psychiatric disorders. NOS1 plays an essential role in neurite outgrowth and may thus affect the microstructure development of white matter (WM) in the corpus callosum (CC), which is known to be altered in panic disorder (PD). We examined the relationship between NOS1 methylation, WM tracts in the CC, and symptoms based on this finding. Methods: Thirty-two patients with PD and 22 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited after age, gender, and the education level were matched. The cell type used was whole-blood DNA, and DNA methylation of NOS1 was measured at 20 CpG sites in the promoter region. Although 25 patients with PD were assessed with the Panic Disorder Severity Scale (PDSS), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) scans were only collected from 16 participants with PD. Results: We observed that the PD group showed lower methylation than did the HCs group and positive correlations between the symptom severity of PD and methylation at CpG4 and CpG9. In addition, CpG9 methylation was significantly correlated with the fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) values of the CC and its major components (the genu and the splenium) in the PD group. Furthermore, path analyses showed that CpG9 methylation offers a mediating effect for the association between the MD values of the genu of the CC and PD symptom severity (95% CI = −1.731 to −0.034). Conclusions: The results suggest that CpG9 methylation leads to atypical development of the genu of the CC, resulting in higher PD symptom severity, adding support for the methylation of NOS1 as a future prognostic indicator of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huazhen Xu
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital With Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Zhong
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shiting Yuan
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Wu
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zijuan Ma
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziyu Hao
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huachen Ding
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huiqing Wu
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Manlong Pang
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Na Liu
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chun Wang
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.,Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Functional Brain Imaging Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Functional Brain Imaging Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Sun L, Zhang Y, Cui L, Li J, Li L, Sun X, Liu Y, Zhang L, Li K. Lifetime and 1-Month Prevalence of Mental Disorders in Hebei Province, China: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study. Front Public Health 2021; 9:759160. [PMID: 34722453 PMCID: PMC8551383 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.759160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The prevalence of mental disorders is an important topic, which has been reported in different countries in the world. In China, some studies were also conducted to get the prevalence of mental disorders at the national level and in some metropolitan cities. However, the prevalence of mental disorders in Chinese underdeveloped provinces has not been reported internationally in recent decades. Due to the discrepancy in the social-economic development of different Chinese provinces, we also have reasons to believe the different prevalence of mental disorders between underdeveloped provinces and other provinces. Method: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among community residents aged 18 years and older in Hebei province, China. We screened 20,884 community residents in this study, and a Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV) Axis I disorders was used to make the diagnoses of mental disorders. Results: The weighted lifetime prevalence of mental disorders was 15.87% (95% CI 15.38-16.38%), and the 1-month prevalence was 10.79% (95% CI 10.37-11.22%). Anxiety disorder ranked first in the classification of mental disorders for both lifetime (6.56%) and 1-month prevalence (6.25%). The weighted lifetime and 1-month region-gender-age-specific prevalence of mental disorders was also analyzed in this study. Conclusions: Mental disorders have been an important issue in Chinese economically underdeveloped regions, and the prevalence was at a high level compared with the results in the 2000s. There are several serious challenges in the work of Chinese mental disorders, which should be paid more attention to.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Sun
- Center for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yunshu Zhang
- Hebei Provincial Mental Health Center, Baoding, China
| | - Lijun Cui
- Hebei Provincial Mental Health Center, Baoding, China
| | - Jianfeng Li
- Hebei Provincial Mental Health Center, Baoding, China
| | - Lin Li
- Hebei Provincial Mental Health Center, Baoding, China
| | - Xiuli Sun
- Hebei Provincial Mental Health Center, Baoding, China
| | - Yongqiao Liu
- Hebei Provincial Mental Health Center, Baoding, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Hebei Provincial Mental Health Center, Baoding, China
| | - Keqing Li
- Hebei Provincial Mental Health Center, Baoding, China
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Xiong L, Liu Y, Chen Q, Tian Y, Yang M. Readiness for Hospital Discharge of Adult Patients with Major Depressive Disorder in China: A Cross-Sectional Study. Patient Prefer Adherence 2021; 15:1681-1692. [PMID: 34354344 PMCID: PMC8331081 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s319447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Being ready for discharge is vital to successful hospital-to-home transitions. However, despite a wealth of evidence on its effectiveness, little is known about readiness for hospital discharge (RHD) in adult patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and its influencing factors. In this study, we investigated the patient-reported RHD and its influencing factors among Chinese adult patients with MDD. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this cross-sectional design study, 230 adult patients with MDD were recruited according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 6 were excluded due to incomplete questionnaires, finally 224 patients were included in our study. Data were collected from March to September 2019 in a tertiary general hospital in Hunan Province (China). The general information, RHD, quality of discharge teaching and level of depression were assessed by using questionnaires. Univariate analysis and ordinal logistic regression analysis were performed to explore the influencing factors of RHD. RESULTS The RHD score was 7.37 ± 1.40, and 36.2% of participants were not ready for discharge. The score of quality of discharge teaching scale (QDTS) was 6.36 ± 1.89, the dimension of delivery scored highest, followed by content-needed and content-received. The proportions of patients with no, mild, moderate, moderately severe and severe depression were 12.5%, 27.7%, 25.0%, 25.4% and 9.4%, respectively. The following factors were associated with RHD: the level of depression (OR=0.66), the content-received dimension of QDTS (OR=1.16), education level (OR=1.24), work status (OR=1.76) and length of hospitalization (OR=0.53). CONCLUSION The RHD among participants was at a moderate level. It is strongly suggested to take the assessment of RHD as a routine process. High education level, employment and the content-received dimension of QDTS were protective factors of participants' RHD, and long-term hospitalization, the high level of depression were its risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lile Xiong
- Xiangya Nursing School of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingying Liu
- West China Hospital Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiongni Chen
- The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yusheng Tian
- The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Yang
- Xiangya Nursing School of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
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Amendola S, von Wyl A, Volken T, Zysset A, Huber M, Dratva J. A Longitudinal Study on Generalized Anxiety Among University Students During the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Switzerland. Front Psychol 2021; 12:643171. [PMID: 33776867 PMCID: PMC7990874 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.643171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The COVID-19 pandemic and government measures implemented to counter the spread of the infection may be a major stressor affecting the psychological health of university students. This study aimed to explore how anxiety symptoms changed during the pandemic. METHODS 676 students (76% females) at Zurich University of Applied Sciences participated in the first (T0) and second (T1) survey waves. Anxiety symptoms were assessed using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-Scale-7 (GAD-7). Risk and protective factors (e.g., COVID-19-related variables) were examined. RESULTS GAD-7 scores decreased significantly from T0 to T1 (mean change: -0.446, SE = 0.132, 95% CI: -0.706, -0.186, t = -3.371, df = 659, p = 0.001). Participants with moderate-to-severe anxiety score were 20.2 and 15.6% at T0 and T1, respectively. The following positively predicted anxiety: older age, female gender, non-Swiss nationality, loneliness, participants' concern about their own health, and interaction between time and participants' concern about their own health. Resilience and social support negatively predicted anxiety. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide information for public health measures and psychological interventions supporting the mental health of university students during the COVID-19 emergency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Amendola
- School of Applied Psychology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Agnes von Wyl
- School of Applied Psychology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Volken
- School of Health Professions, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Annina Zysset
- School of Health Professions, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Marion Huber
- School of Health Professions, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Julia Dratva
- School of Health Professions, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland
- Medical Faculty, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Zhang H, Jiang X, Da H, Dai R, Zhao N, Pan W, Fan J. Effect of comprehensive psychosomatic promotion in hypertension patients with anxiety and depression based on community: A randomized parallel controlled trial. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e21451. [PMID: 32871992 PMCID: PMC7437856 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000021451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health is closely related to the occurrence of hypertension, particularly the prognosis of hypertension patients. The role of psychotherapy in the occurrence, development, prevention, and prognosis of hypertension, remains to be clarified. METHODS/DESIGN We will conduct a prospective, double-blind, randomized, multiple-centers study. Eighty patients enrolled in this trial will be randomized at 1:1 ratio. The primary endpoint is will be the reduction of the patient psychological scale (PHQ-9) score. Secondary endpoints will be the drop in blood pressure, awareness of physical and mental health and self-efficacy scale. Measurements will be performed at baseline, 5-week (questionnaires only), 10-week (primary endpoint), using the Anxiety Screening Questionnaire (GAD-7) and Depression Scale (PHQ-9). Data analysis will be carried out using the SPSS v.25 software assuming a level of significance of 5%. Results will be analyzed using multilevel, regression analysis and hierarchical linear models. DISCUSSION We hope to provide some insight in the understanding the underlying mechanism of the novel mindfulness in the management of hypertension related psychological stress/disturbance, and will enable us to develop novel approach to manage essential hypertension and its related psychological disorders. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY:: http://www.chictr.org.cn (ChiCTR1900028258).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailiang Zhang
- School of Public Health, Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Xiaomei Jiang
- Psychosomatic and Sleep Medicine, Gansu Gem Flower Hospital
| | - Haixia Da
- Psychosomatic and Sleep Medicine, Gansu Gem Flower Hospital
| | - Runjing Dai
- School of Public Health, Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Na Zhao
- School of Public Health, Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Weimin Pan
- Department of Mental Health, Gansu Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, P.R. China
| | - Jingchun Fan
- School of Public Health, Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine
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Sanghera J, Pattani N, Hashmi Y, Varley KF, Cheruvu MS, Bradley A, Burke JR. The impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the mental health of healthcare workers in a hospital setting-A Systematic Review. J Occup Health 2020; 62:e12175. [PMID: 33131192 PMCID: PMC7603426 DOI: 10.1002/1348-9585.12175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The SARS-CoV-2 global pandemic has subjected healthcare workers (HCWs) to high risk of infection through direct workplace exposure, coupled with increased workload and psychological stress. This review aims to determine the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on mental health outcomes of hospital-based HCWs and formulate recommendations for future action. METHODS A systematic review was performed between 31st December 2019 and 17th June 2020 through Ovid Medline and Embase databases (PROSPERO ID CRD42020181204). Studies were included for review if they investigated the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on mental health outcomes of hospital-based HCWs and used validated psychiatric scoring tools. Prevalence of ICD-10 classified psychiatric disorders was the primary outcome measure. RESULTS The initial search returned 436 articles. Forty-four studies were included in final analysis, with a total of 69,499 subjects. Prevalence ranges of six mental health outcomes were identified: depression 13.5%-44.7%; anxiety 12.3%-35.6%; acute stress reaction 5.2%-32.9%; post-traumatic stress disorder 7.4%-37.4%; insomnia 33.8%-36.1%; and occupational burnout 3.1%-43.0%. Direct exposure to SARS-CoV-2 patients was the most common risk factor identified for all mental health outcomes except occupational burnout. Nurses, frontline HCWs, and HCWs with low social support and fewer years of working experience reported the worst outcomes. CONCLUSION The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has significantly impacted the mental health of HCWs. Frontline staff demonstrate worse mental health outcomes. Hospitals should be staffed to meet service provision requirements and to mitigate the impact onmental health. This can be improved with access to rapid-response psychiatric teams and should be continually monitored throughout the pandemic and beyond its conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaspinder Sanghera
- Birmingham Medical SchoolCollege of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Nikhil Pattani
- Birmingham Medical SchoolCollege of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Yousuf Hashmi
- Birmingham Medical SchoolCollege of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Kate F. Varley
- The John Goligher Colorectal Surgery UnitSt. James’s University HospitalLeedsUK
| | | | - Alex Bradley
- School of Education and SociologyUniversity of PortsmouthPortsmouthUK
| | - Joshua R. Burke
- The John Goligher Colorectal Surgery UnitSt. James’s University HospitalLeedsUK
- School of MedicineThe University of LeedsLeedsUK
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