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Chen JW, Du WQ, Zhu K. Optimal exercise intensity for improving executive function in patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: systematic review and network meta-analysis. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024:10.1007/s00787-024-02507-6. [PMID: 38922348 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-024-02507-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to compare and rank the effectiveness of optimal exercise intensity in improving executive function in patients with ADHD (Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, ADHD) through a comprehensive comparison of direct and indirect evidence. A systematic search was performed in five electronic databases to explore the optimal exercise intensity for improving executive function in patients with ADHD by directly and indirectly comparing a variety of exercise intervention intensities. In addition, the isolated effects of exercise on improving executive function in patients with ADHD were explored through classical meta-analysis of paired direct comparisons. Twenty-nine studies were retrieved and included in this study. Classical paired meta-analysis showed that for the patients with ADHD in the age group of 7-17 years, statistical difference was observed for all the parameters of exercise interventions (intensity, frequency, period, and training method), the three dimensions of executive function, the use of medication or not, the high and low quality of the methodological approach. Network meta-analysis showed that high-intensity exercise training was optimal for improving working memory (97.4%) and inhibitory function (85.7%) in patients with ADHD. Meanwhile, moderate-intensity exercise training was optimal for improving cognitive flexibility (77.3%) in patients with ADHD. Moderate to high intensity exercise training shows potential for improving executive function in these patients. Therefore, we recommend applying high-intensity exercise intervention to improve executive function in patients with ADHD to achieve substantial improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Wei Chen
- Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Qian Du
- Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Zhu
- Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.
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Feng W, Zhang B, Duan P, Bi YH, Jin Z, Li X, Zhao X, Zuo K. Risk of major depressive increases with increasing frequency of alcohol drinking: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1372758. [PMID: 38898891 PMCID: PMC11186411 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1372758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction A growing body of evidence suggests that alcohol use disorders coexist with depression. However, the causal relationship between alcohol consumption and depression remains a topic of controversy. Methods We conducted a two-sample two-way Mendelian randomization analysis using genetic variants associated with alcohol use and major depressive disorder from a genome-wide association study. Results Our research indicates that drinking alcohol can reduce the risk of major depression (odds ratio: 0.71, 95% confidence interval: 0.54~0.93, p = 0.01), while increasing the frequency of drinking can increase the risk of major depression (odds ratio: 1.09, 95% confidence interval: 1.00~1.18, p = 0.04). Furthermore, our multivariate MR analysis demonstrated that even after accounting for different types of drinking, the promoting effect of drinking frequency on the likelihood of developing major depression still persists (odds ratio: 1.13, 95% confidence interval: 1.04~1.23, p = 0.005). Additionally, mediation analysis using a two-step MR approach revealed that this effect is partially mediated by the adiposity index, with a mediated proportion of 37.5% (95% confidence interval: 0.22 to 0.38). Discussion In this study, we found that alcohol consumption can alleviate major depression, while alcohol intake frequency can aggravate it.These findings have important implications for the development of prevention and intervention strategies targeting alcohol-related depression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Research of Heilongjiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Mathes Winnicki BM, Lee DJ, Hawn SE, Livingston NA, Marx BP, Keane TM. Alcohol consumption and dependence risk among male and female Veterans: Trajectories and predictors. Drug Alcohol Depend 2024; 257:111138. [PMID: 38430789 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.111138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With few exceptions, previously conducted research on hazardous drinking among Veterans has employed samples in which the majority of participants identify as male. In addition, past studies have solely focused on alcohol consumption, rather than associated risk for dependence. In this study, we expanded upon the extant literature by investigating sex differences in trajectories and predictors of change in alcohol consumption and dependence risk among post-9/11 Veterans. METHODS A national sample of 1649 Veterans (50.0% female) were recruited in a five-wave longitudinal study that followed Veterans for up to 16 years after deployment. We used growth curve modeling to investigate trajectories of change in alcohol consumption and dependence risk among men and women Veterans. We examined predictors of growth, including demographics, support and resources, psychiatric symptoms, and trauma exposure. RESULTS Among male Veterans, alcohol consumption and dependence risk remained stagnant, which is in contrast to past work using non-Veteran samples. For female Veterans, consumption exhibited initial reductions that decelerated, and dependence risk reduced at a continuous rate. PTSD diagnosis was a significant predictor of individual differences in growth for men. Psychiatric symptoms (i.e., PTSD diagnosis, probable depression diagnosis, suicidal ideation) and psychosocial functioning were significant predictors of decreasing alcohol use for women. CONCLUSIONS Results highlight important sex differences in patterns and predictors of change in alcohol consumption and dependence risk among post-9/11 Veterans. Findings are discussed in relation to screening for hazardous alcohol use and intervention strategies in this at-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany M Mathes Winnicki
- US Department of Veteran Affairs, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Daniel J Lee
- US Department of Veteran Affairs, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States; Behavioral Science Division, National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sage E Hawn
- Department of Psychology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - Nicholas A Livingston
- US Department of Veteran Affairs, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States; Behavioral Science Division, National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Brian P Marx
- US Department of Veteran Affairs, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States; Behavioral Science Division, National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Terence M Keane
- US Department of Veteran Affairs, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States; Behavioral Science Division, National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States
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Chen JW, Zhu K. Single Exercise for Core Symptoms and Executive Functions in ADHD: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Atten Disord 2024; 28:399-414. [PMID: 38156611 DOI: 10.1177/10870547231217321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies of single exercise on core symptoms and executive function in adolescents with ADHD. METHODS Four databases were searched for studies of the effects of single exercise on core symptoms and executive functioning in adolescents with ADHD. RESULTS Thirteen studies were included, and a single session of exercise had small effect-size improvements in core symptoms and executive function in adolescents with ADHD: 10 to 13 year olds in the early adolescent-elementary school years and 18 to 24 year olds in the late adolescent-college years. Moderate-intensity continuous training, high-intensity interval training, single sessions of less than 30 minutes, and single sessions of 30 minutes and more significantly improved cycling training, attention, inhibition, substance use, and pre-study abstinence. CONCLUSIONS A single session of exercise had an overall ameliorative effect on core symptoms and executive function in adolescents with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kun Zhu
- Shanghai University of Sport, China
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Li Y, Wang W, Zhu L, Yang L, Wu H, Zhang X, Guo L, Lu C. Pet Ownership, Living Alone, and Cognitive Decline Among Adults 50 Years and Older. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2349241. [PMID: 38147332 PMCID: PMC10751597 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.49241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance It remains unclear whether pet ownership is associated with cognitive decline and to what extent pet ownership mitigates the association between living alone and cognitive decline. Objective To explore the association of pet ownership with cognitive decline, the interaction between pet ownership and living alone, and the extent to which pet ownership mitigates the association between living alone and cognitive decline in older adults. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study used data from waves 5 (June 2010 to July 2011) to 9 (from June 2018 to July 2019) in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Participants included adults 50 years and older. Data were analyzed from April 1 to June 30, 2023. Exposures Pet ownership and living alone in wave 5. Main Outcomes and Measures In waves 5 to 9, verbal memory and verbal fluency were assessed, and composite verbal cognition was further calculated. Results Of the 7945 participants included, the mean (SD) age was 66.3 (8.8) years, and 4446 (56.0%) were women. Pet ownership was associated with slower rates of decline in composite verbal cognition (β = 0.008 [95% CI, 0.002-0.014] SD/y), verbal memory (β = 0.006 [95% CI, 0.001-0.012] SD/y), and verbal fluency (β = 0.007 [95% CI, 0.001-0.013] SD/y). Three-way interaction tests showed that living alone was a significant modifier in all 3 associations. Stratified analyses showed that pet ownership was associated with slower rates of decline in composite verbal cognition (β = 0.023 [95% CI, 0.011-0.035] SD/y), verbal memory (β = 0.021 [95% CI, 0.008-0.034] SD/y), and verbal fluency (β = 0.018 [95% CI, 0.005-0.030] SD/y) among individuals living alone, but not among those living with others. Joint association analyses showed no significant difference in rates of decline in composite verbal cognition, verbal memory, or verbal fluency between pet owners living alone and pet owners living with others. Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study, pet ownership was associated with slower rates of decline in verbal memory and verbal fluency among older adults living alone, but not among those living with others, and pet ownership offset the associations between living alone and declining rates in verbal memory and verbal fluency. Further studies are needed to assess whether pet ownership slows the rate of cognitive decline in older adults living alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhi Li
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanxin Wang
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liwan Zhu
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liwen Yang
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Herui Wu
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhang
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lan Guo
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ciyong Lu
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Liu R, Liu Q, Xu S, Mei R. Mood instability and low back pain: a mendelian randomization study. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1252329. [PMID: 37786864 PMCID: PMC10541504 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1252329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Low back pain is a prevalent and debilitating condition worldwide, with significant implications for individuals' quality of life and productivity. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between mood instability and the risk of developing chronic low back pain, using a rigorously designed mendelian randomization methodology. Method The study incorporated both univariate and multivariate mendelian randomization to analysis the causal relationship between mood instability and the risk of developing chronic low back pain. The data on mood instability from the Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) opened Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) project (IEU-opened GWAS project). Data on low back pain were collected from two sources: One source is the IEU open GWAS project (discovery data). Another source is a GWAS meta-analysis (replication data). Inverse variance weighted method, weighted median method, MR-Egger regression, and mendelian randomization pleiotropy residual sum and outlier method were used for mendelian randomization analysis. Result The univariable mendelian randomization analysis shows a statistically significant correlation between mood instability and the risk of low back pain. Several methods were performed, including inverse variance weighting (discovery data: odds ratio = 3.544, 95% confidence interval = 1.785-7.039, p = 0.000; replication data: odds ratio = 3.167, 95% confidence interval = 2.476-4.052, p = 0.000), MR-Egger (discovery data: odds ratio = 7.178, 95% confidence interval = 0.057-909.525, p = 0.429; replication data: odds ratio = 2.262, 95% confidence interval = 0.580-8.825, p = 0.246), weighted median (discovery data: odds ratio = 2.730, 95% confidence interval = 1.112-6.702, p = 0.028; replication data: odds ratio = 3.243, 95% confidence interval = 2.378-4.422, p = 0.000), MR-PRESSO (discovery data: odds ratio = 3.544, 95% confidence interval = 1.785-7.039, p = 0.001; replication data: odds ratio = 3.167, 95% confidence interval = 2.476-4.052, p = 0.000) methods. The results were consistent across these methods. The results obtained from discovery data are consistent with those obtained from discovery data. In the multivariable mendelian randomization, after adjusting for various covariates such as body mass index, current tobacco smoking, alcohol intake frequency, Total body bone mineral density, and vigorous physical activity, there is a consistent correlation between mood instability and chronic low back pain. Conclusion This study provides robust evidence supporting a causal relationship between mood instability and the development of low back pain. Our findings suggest that addressing mood instability may play a crucial role in prevention and management strategies for individuals experiencing low back pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renyang Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China
- Center for Clinical Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China
| | - Shaoyong Xu
- Center for Clinical Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China
| | - Rongcheng Mei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China
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