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Tahmasebi A, Jamali B, Atabaki V, Sarker SD, Nahar L, Min HJ, Lee CW. A comprehensive review of the botany, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities of two Iranian Rydingia species (Lamiaceae). Fitoterapia 2024; 176:106026. [PMID: 38768794 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.106026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Rydingia michauxii and R. persica, respectively, known as Kase Gol and Goldar in Persian, belong to the family Lamiaceae and they are well known herbal medicine in Iran for the treatment of various diseases, particularly diabetes. This review aims to appraise the phytochemistry, ethnopharmacology, and pharmacological activities of Rydingia species growing in Iran and assess their potential in clinical applications. Besides, it critically evaluates existing literature and looks into the perspective for further research and utilization. All available scientific literature was consulted using the database searches involving Google Scholar, PubMed, and Web of Science applying the keyword Rydingia and its Syn; Otostegia. Only the search results that are associated with the Iranian species R. michauxii and R. persica are included in this review. α-pinene, carvacrol, caryophyllene oxide, diisooctyl phthalate, dillapiole, eugenol, hexadecanoic acid, and pentacosane are the major constituents of the essential oils of the Rydingia species. Additionally, these species produce bioactive flavonoids, phenolic acids, steroids, and terpenoids. Extracts and active compounds from Rydingia species have been reported to possess various pharmacological activities including antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antimalarial, antimicrobial, antioxidant, cytotoxic, and lipid-lowering properties. Based on the information available to date on the Iranian Rydingia species, it will be worth subjecting these species to further developmental work involving preclinical and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aminallah Tahmasebi
- Department of Agriculture, Minab Higher Education Center, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran; Plant Protection Research Group, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran; Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Babak Jamali
- Department of Agriculture, Minab Higher Education Center, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Vahideh Atabaki
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Satyajit D Sarker
- Centre for Natural Products Discovery, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - Lutfun Nahar
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Hye Jung Min
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Gwangju Women's University, Gwangju 62396, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chul Won Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
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Shin H, Sharma R, Neupane C, Pham TL, Park SE, Lee SY, Kim HW, Bae YM, Stern JE, Park JB. Tonic NMDAR Currents of NR2A-Containing NMDARs Represent Altered Ambient Glutamate Concentration in the Supraoptic Nucleus. eNeuro 2024; 11:ENEURO.0279-23.2023. [PMID: 38176904 PMCID: PMC10863629 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0279-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
NMDA receptors (NMDARs) modulate glutamatergic excitatory tone in the brain via two complementary modalities: a phasic excitatory postsynaptic current and a tonic extrasynaptic modality. Here, we demonstrated that the tonic NMDAR-current (I NMDA) mediated by NR2A-containing NMDARs is an efficient biosensor detecting the altered ambient glutamate level in the supraoptic nucleus (SON). I NMDA of magnocellular neurosecretory cells (MNCs) measured by nonselective NMDARs antagonist, AP5, at holding potential (V holding) -70 mV in low concentration of ECF Mg2+ ([Mg2+]o) was transiently but significantly increased 1-week post induction of a DOCA salt hypertensive model rat which was compatible with that induced by a NR2A-selective antagonist, PEAQX (I PEAQX) in both DOCA-H2O and DOCA-salt groups. In agreement, NR2B antagonist, ifenprodil, or NR2C/D antagonist, PPDA, did not affect the holding current (I holding) at V holding -70 mV. Increased ambient glutamate by exogenous glutamate (10 mM) or excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs) antagonist (TBOA, 50 mM) abolished the I PEAQX difference between two groups, suggesting that attenuated EAATs activity increased ambient glutamate concentration, leading to the larger I PEAQX in DOCA-salt rats. In contrast, only ifenprodil but not PEAQX and PPDA uncovered I NMDA at V holding +40 mV under 1.2 mM [Mg2+]o condition. I ifenprodil was not different in DOCA-H2O and DOCA-salt groups. Finally, NR2A, NR2B, and NR2D protein expression were not different in the SON of the two groups. Taken together, NR2A-containing NMDARs efficiently detected the increased ambient glutamate concentration in the SON of DOCA-salt hypertensive rats due to attenuated EAATs activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjin Shin
- Department of Physiology & Medical Science, College of Medicine & Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, South Korea
| | - Ramesh Sharma
- Department of Physiology & Medical Science, College of Medicine & Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, South Korea
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chiranjivi Neupane
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Thuy Linh Pham
- Department of Physiology & Medical Science, College of Medicine & Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, South Korea
| | - Su Eun Park
- Department of Physiology & Medical Science, College of Medicine & Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, South Korea
| | - So Yeong Lee
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Kim
- Department of Physiology & Medical Science, College of Medicine & Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, South Korea
| | - Young Min Bae
- Department of Physiology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Javier E Stern
- Neuroscience Institute and Center for Neuroinflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302
| | - Jin Bong Park
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Xiang Y, Yuan Z, Deng Q, Xie L, Yu D, Shi J. Potential therapeutic medicines for renal fibrosis: Small-molecule compounds and natural products. Bioorg Chem 2024; 143:106999. [PMID: 38035515 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is the pathological change process of chronic kidney disease deteriorating continuously. When the renal organ is stimulated by external stimuli, it will trigger the damage and phenotypic changes of some intrinsic cells in the kidney. When the body's autoimmune regulation or external treatment is not prompted enough to restore the organ, the pathological process is gradually aggravating, inducing a large amount of intracellular collagen deposition, which leads to the appearance of fibrosis and scarring. The renal parenchyma (including glomeruli and tubules) begins to harden, making it difficult to repair the kidney lesions. In the process of gradual changes in the kidney tissue, the kidney units are severely damaged and the kidney function shows a progressive decline, eventually resulting in the clinical manifestation of end-stage renal failure, namely uremia. This review provides a brief description of the diagnosis, pathogenesis, and potential therapeutic inhibitors of renal fibrosis. Since renal fibrosis has not yet had a clear therapeutic target and related drugs, some potential targets and relevant inhibitors are discussed, especially pharmacological effects and interactions with targets. Some existing natural products have potential efficacy for renal fibrosis, which is also roughly summarized, hoping that this article would have reference significance for the treatment of renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Zhuo Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Qichuan Deng
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Linshen Xie
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Dongke Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China.
| | - Jianyou Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China.
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Purification, molecular docking and in vivo analyses of novel angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory peptides from protein hydrolysate of moth bean (Vigna aconitifolia (Jacq.) Màrechal) seeds. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 230:123138. [PMID: 36610577 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The moth bean is a high-protein food legume. Enzymatic hydrolysates of food proteins demostrate health benefits. Search for diet related food protein hydrolysates is therefore within the scope of functional foods. Present study asertains to produce, screen and identify natural ACE-I inhibitory peptides derived from moth bean seed protein hydrolysates. The extracted protein was hydrolysed using alcalase, chymotrypsin, flavourzyme, papain, pepsin and trypsin respectively. Alcalase achieved the greatest degree of hydrolysis and ACE inhibition. The highest ACE-I inhibitory activity was exhibited by the peptide with the lowest molecular weight i.e. <3 kDa (IC50 11.19 ± 0.15 μg/mL). This was further separated by FPLC, followed by mass spectrometry. Molecular docking analysis showed the peptides IAWDFR and ADLPGLK bind to active sites whereas DKPWWPK and AVIPNAPNLR to non-active sites of the ACE molecule. In vivo administration of MBP hydrolysate to dexamethasone-induced hypertensive rats reduced their systolic blood pressure (125 ± 0.76 mmHg) compared with positive control (155 ± 3.13 mmHg). Moth bean protein peptides exhibit functional nutraceutical properties with adequate antihypertensive activity.
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Tew WY, Tan CS, Yan CS, Loh HW, Wen X, Wei X, Yam MF. Evaluation of vasodilatory effect and antihypertensive effect of chrysin through in vitro and sub-chronic in vivo study. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 157:114020. [PMID: 36469968 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Chrysin, a bioflavonoid belonging to the flavone, occurs naturally in plants such as the passionflower, honey and propolis. Few studies have demonstrated that chrysin can promote vasorelaxant activities in rats' aorta and mesenteric arteries. To date, no research has explored the signalling system routes that chrysin may utilise to produce its vasorelaxant action. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the underlying mechanisms involved in chrysin-induced vasorelaxant in rats' aortic rings and assess the antihypertensive effect of chrysin in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). The findings revealed that chrysin utilised both endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent mechanisms. The presence of L-NAME (endothelial NO synthase inhibitor), ODQ (sGC inhibitor), methylene blue (cGMP lowering agent), 4-AP (voltage-gated potassium channel inhibitor), atropine (muscarinic receptors inhibitor) and propranolol (β-adrenergic receptors inhibitor) significantly reduced the chrysin's vasorelaxant action. Furthermore, chrysin can reduce intracellular Ca2+ levels by limiting the extracellular intake of Ca2+ through voltage-operated calcium channels and blocking the intracellular release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum via the IP3 receptor. These indicate that chrysin-induced vasorelaxants involved NO/sGC/cGMP signalling cascade, muscarinic and β-adrenergic receptors, also the potassium and calcium channels. Although chrysin had vasorelaxant effects in in vitro studies, the in vivo antihypertensive experiment discovered chrysin does not significantly reduce the blood pressure of SHRs following 21 days of oral treatment. This study proved that chrysin utilised multiple signalling pathways to produce its vasorelaxant effect in the thoracic aorta of rats; however, it had no antihypertensive effect on SHRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Yin Tew
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1 Qiuyang Road, Shangjie, Minhou, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Chu Shan Tan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Chong Seng Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Hui Wei Loh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Xu Wen
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1 Qiuyang Road, Shangjie, Minhou, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Xu Wei
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1 Qiuyang Road, Shangjie, Minhou, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian, China.
| | - Mun Fei Yam
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1 Qiuyang Road, Shangjie, Minhou, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia.
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R L S, Mini S. Neuroprotective effect of Morin via TrkB/Akt pathway against diabetes mediated oxidative stress and apoptosis in neuronal cells. Toxicol Mech Methods 2022; 32:695-704. [PMID: 35414346 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2022.2065225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Long term Diabetes mellitus results in neuronal damage by increased intracellular glucose leading to oxidative stress. This condition is known as diabetic encephalopathy. Morin is a bioflavonoid, has significant antidiabetic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The present study investigated whether the antioxidant properties of morin has beneficial effects on structural brain damage, neuronal apoptosis and dysregulation of TrkB/Akt signalling associated with diabetes. Adult male Sprague Dawley rats were induced diabetes by an intraperitoneal injection of 40mg/kg of streptozotocin and kept untreated for 30 days to induce DE. Cognitive performance was assessed using the Morris water maze test followed by morin and metformin administration at the doses of 50 and 100mg/kg, respectively, for 60 days. After 60 days of treatment, animals were subjected to the behavioural test and sacrificed to collect blood and brain and checked biochemical parameters.The treatment with Morin could significantly reduce the escape latency time in Morris water maze test, blood glucose level, HbA1C, toxicity markers, lipid peroxidation products and protein carbonyl content, downregulated the expression of Bax, Caspase 3 and Cytochrome C and upregulated Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, Akt, BDNF and TrkB expressions. Besides, enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes, plasma insulin level. Histomorphological observations also confirmed the protective effect of morin on neuronal degeneration. Morin 50mg once daily for 60 days was the most effective dose with a significant reduction in diabetes mediated complications in the brain associated with neuronal apoptosis and dysregulation of TrkB/Akt signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyma R L
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - S Mini
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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Cao YL, Lin JH, Hammes HP, Zhang C. Flavonoids in Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27072365. [PMID: 35408760 PMCID: PMC9000519 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive systemic disease, which changes the function and structure of the kidneys irreversibly over months or years. The final common pathological manifestation of chronic kidney disease is renal fibrosis and is characterized by glomerulosclerosis, tubular atrophy, and interstitial fibrosis. In recent years, numerous studies have reported the therapeutic benefits of natural products against modern diseases. Substantial attention has been focused on the biological role of polyphenols, in particular flavonoids, presenting broadly in plants and diets, referring to thousands of plant compounds with a common basic structure. Evidence-based pharmacological data have shown that flavonoids play an important role in preventing and managing CKD and renal fibrosis. These compounds can prevent renal dysfunction and improve renal function by blocking or suppressing deleterious pathways such as oxidative stress and inflammation. In this review, we summarize the function and beneficial properties of common flavonoids for the treatment of CKD and the relative risk factors of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ling Cao
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China;
| | - Ji-Hong Lin
- 5th Medical Department, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany; (J.-H.L.); (H.-P.H.)
| | - Hans-Peter Hammes
- 5th Medical Department, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany; (J.-H.L.); (H.-P.H.)
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-027-85726712
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Metchi Donfack MF, Atsamo AD, Temdié Guemmogne RJ, Ngouateu Kenfack OB, Dongmo AB, Dimo T. Antihypertensive Effects of the Vitex cienkowskii (Verbenaceae) Stem-Bark Extract on L-NAME-Induced Hypertensive Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:6668919. [PMID: 33747111 PMCID: PMC7954626 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6668919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Vitex cienkowskii stem-bark is used in Cameroonian traditional medicine to treat cardiovascular diseases including hypertension. In previous studies, the methanol/methylene chloride stem-bark extract of Vitex cienkowskii (MMVC) showed a preventive activity in L-NAME-induced hypertension and improved blood pressure of spontaneously hypertensive rats. The present study investigated the curative effects in L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats (LNHR). Hypertension was induced in rats by oral administration of L-NAME (40 mg/kg/day) for 28 days. The animals were divided into 2 groups: one group of 5 rats receiving distilled water (10 ml/kg) and another 20 rats receiving L-NAME. At the end of 4 weeks of administration of L-NAME, the animals were divided into 4 groups of 5 rats each: one group of hypertensive rats receiving distilled water, another one receiving captopril (25 mg/kg), and two groups of hypertensive rats receiving MMVC at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg, respectively. Body weight, food, and water intake were measured weekly. At the end of the treatment, blood pressure and heart rate were recorded by invasive method. Whole heart, left ventricle, kidneys, and liver were weighed. The effects of plant extract on lipid profile and oxidative stress markers, as well as markers of hepatic and renal functions were assessed spectrophotometrically according to well described protocols. Results show that L-NAME significantly increases the mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), atherogenic index, lipid profile, and creatinine and transaminase activities of normotensive rats. MMVC significantly reduced the blood pressure in LNHR. Body weight, food and water intake, left ventricular hypertrophy, antioxidant level, renal and hepatic markers, and lipid profile were improved by the treatment with MMVC. The curative effect of MMVC on L-NAME-induced hypertension is probably related to its antihypertensive, hypolipidemic, and antioxidant properties. These results confirmed the use of Vitex cienkowskii for the treatment of hypertension in traditional medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireille Flaure Metchi Donfack
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Albert Donatien Atsamo
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Roméo Joël Temdié Guemmogne
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundéré, P.O. Box 454, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon
| | - Omer Bébé Ngouateu Kenfack
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Alain Bertrand Dongmo
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, P.O. Box 24157, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Théophile Dimo
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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Abirami G, Alexpandi R, Durgadevi R, Kannappan A, Veera Ravi A. Inhibitory Effect of Morin Against Candida albicans Pathogenicity and Virulence Factor Production: An in vitro and in vivo Approaches. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:561298. [PMID: 33193145 PMCID: PMC7644646 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.561298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is considered an exclusive etiologic agent of candidiasis, a very common fungal infection in human. The expression of virulence factors contributes highly to the pathogenicity of C. albicans. These factors include biofilm formation, yeast-to-hyphal transition, adhesins, aspartyl proteases, and phospholipases secretion. Moreover, resistance development is a critical issue for the therapeutic failure of antifungal agents against systemic candidiasis. To circumvent resistance development, the present study investigated the virulence targeted therapeutic activity of the phyto-bioactive compound morin against C. albicans. Morin is a natural compound commonly found in medicinal plants and widely used in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic products/industries. The present study explicated the significant inhibitory potential of morin against biofilm formation and other virulence factors' production, such as yeast-hyphal formation, phospholipase, and exopolymeric substances, in C. albicans. Further, qPCR analysis confirmed the downregulation of biofilm and virlence-related genes in C. albicans upon morin treatment, which is in correspondence with the in vitro bioassays. Further, the docking analysis revealed that morin shows strong affinity with Hwp-1 protein, which regulates the expression of biofilm and hyphal formation in C. albicans and, thereby, abolishes fungal pathogenicity. Moreover, the anti-infective potential of morin against C. albicans-associated systemic candidiasis is confirmed through an in vivo approach using biomedical model organism zebrafish (Danio rerio). The outcomes of the in vivo study demonstrate that the morin treatment effectively rescues animals from C. albicans infections and extends their survival rate by inhibiting the internal colonization of C. albicans. Histopathology analysis revealed extensive candidiasis-related pathognomonic changes in the gills, intestine, and kidney of animals infected with C. albicans, while no extensive abnormalities were observed in morin-treated animals. The results evidenced that morin has the ability to protect against the pathognomonic effect and histopathological lesions caused by C. albicans infection in zebrafish. Thus, the present study suggests that the utilization of morin could act as a potent therapeutic medication for C. albicans instigated candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurusamy Abirami
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, India
| | - Rajaiah Alexpandi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, India
| | - Ravindran Durgadevi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, India
| | - Arunachalam Kannappan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, India
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Arumugam Veera Ravi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, India
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Ntchapda F, Bonabe C, Atsamo AD, Kemeta Azambou DR, Bekono Fouda Y, Imar Djibrine S, Seke Etet PF, Théophile D. Effect of Aqueous Extract of Adansonia digitata Stem Bark on the Development of Hypertension in L-NAME-Induced Hypertensive Rat Model. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2020; 2020:3678469. [PMID: 33014103 PMCID: PMC7519996 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3678469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adansonia digitata is a plant used against cardiovascular disorders in African folk medicine. We assessed the effects of the aqueous extract of its stem bark on the development of hypertension in L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats. METHODS The animals were administered L-NAME once daily for 3 weeks (25 mg/kg, i.p.), concomitantly with aqueous extract of A. digitata stem bark (100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) or captopril (20 mg/kg, p.o.). Then, hemodynamic and electrocardiographic parameters, oxidative stress markers, and the lipid profile were assessed in the blood and heart, aorta, and kidney homogenates, and histopathological analyses were performed. RESULTS L-NAME-induced hypertensive control animals, but not the animals concomitantly treated with A. digitata extract, displayed increases in the mean arterial blood pressure (21.64% difference, p < 0.001, vs. dose 200 mg/kg), systolic arterial blood pressure (21.33%, p < 0.001), and the diastolic arterial blood pressure (21.84%, p < 0.001). In addition, hypertensive control animals displayed (i) increases in serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL, and creatinine levels, malondialdehyde and transaminase activities, and atherogenic index; (ii) decreases in serum HDL, catalase, reduced glutathione, and nitric oxide; and (iii) aorta wall thickening, inflammatory cell infiltration, and cell loss in the cardiac muscle and renal tissues. As captopril, the extract prevented hypertension-like changes in lipid profile, cardiac, hepatic, and renal affection indicators, and oxidative stress markers. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the extract of A. digitata has antihypertensive and antioxidant effects in L-NAME-induced hypertension rat models. These effects partly justify the traditional medicine use against cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fidèle Ntchapda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Ngaoundéré, P.O. Box 454, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon
| | - Christian Bonabe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Ngaoundéré, P.O. Box 454, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon
| | - Albert Donatien Atsamo
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Laboratory of Animal Physiology, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - David Romain Kemeta Azambou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Ngaoundéré, P.O. Box 454, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon
| | - Yannick Bekono Fouda
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Laboratory of Animal Physiology, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Soudy Imar Djibrine
- Institut Universitaire des Sciences et Techniques d'Abéché (IUSTA), P.O. Box 6077, N'Djamena, Chad
| | - Paul F. Seke Etet
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Biochemistry, FMBS, University of Ngaoundéré, Ngaoundéré, P.O. Box 454, Cameroon
| | - Dimo Théophile
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Laboratory of Animal Physiology, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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Zhang X, Mao A, Xiao W, Zhang P, Han X, Zhou T, Chen Y, Jin J, Ma X. Morin induces endothelium-dependent relaxation by activating TRPV4 channels in rat mesenteric arteries. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 859:172561. [PMID: 31326379 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Morin, a natural flavonol, has been reported to have beneficial pharmacological effects. Although its vascular protective effects have been studied, little is known about its effects on the mesenteric artery and the underlying mechanisms. Transient receptor potential vanilloid type 4 (TRPV4) channels are one of the most important Ca2+-permeable cation channels in vascular endothelial cells and play an important role in regulating rat mesenteric vascular tone. In the present study, the myogenic effects of morin were investigated using wire and pressure myography in the isolated mesenteric artery. Morin induced endothelium-dependent relaxation of isolated rat mesenteric arteries in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, morin stimulated relaxation by activating TRPV4-mediated Ca2+ influx without affecting the nitric oxide (NO), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) pathways. In primary cultured rat mesenteric artery endothelial cells and over-expressing TRPV4 HEK 293 cells, the TRPV4 inhibitor HC067047 significantly reduced the morin-induced increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration. Furthermore, in rats with hypertension induced by NꞶ-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), oral administration of morin (50 mg/kg/day) decreased systolic blood pressure. In L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats, morin significantly improved the relaxation response of the arteries to acetylcholine. Thus, we demonstrated that morin induces endothelium-dependent relaxation in the rat mesenteric artery by acting on TRPV4 channels to mediate Ca2+ influx and attenuate blood pressure in L-NAME-induced hypertension, thereby highlighting the potential of morin in the treatment of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Aiqin Mao
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wang Xiao
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiping Han
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yun Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jian Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xin Ma
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
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Abstract
Flavonoids are tricyclic polyphenolic compounds naturally occurring in plants. Being nature’s antioxidants flavonoids have been shown to reduce the damages induced by oxidative stress in cells. Besides being an antioxidant, flavonols are demonstrated to have anti-infective properties, i.e., antiviral, antifungal, anti-angiogenic, anti-tumorigenic, and immunomodulatory bioproperties. Plants use them as one of their defense mechanisms against radiation-induced DNA damage and also for fungal infections. The use of flavonols for fabrication of new drugs has been underway with objectives to develop safer and effective therapeutic agents. This review covers 15 flavonols for their structure, biological properties, role in plant metabolisms, and current research focused on computational drug design using flavonols for searching drug leads.
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Vargas F, Romecín P, García-Guillén AI, Wangesteen R, Vargas-Tendero P, Paredes MD, Atucha NM, García-Estañ J. Flavonoids in Kidney Health and Disease. Front Physiol 2018; 9:394. [PMID: 29740333 PMCID: PMC5928447 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes the latest advances in knowledge on the effects of flavonoids on renal function in health and disease. Flavonoids have antihypertensive, antidiabetic, and antiinflammatory effects, among other therapeutic activities. Many of them also exert renoprotective actions that may be of interest in diseases such as glomerulonephritis, diabetic nephropathy, and chemically-induced kidney insufficiency. They affect several renal factors that promote diuresis and natriuresis, which may contribute to their well-known antihypertensive effect. Flavonoids prevent or attenuate the renal injury associated with arterial hypertension, both by decreasing blood pressure and by acting directly on the renal parenchyma. These outcomes derive from their interference with multiple signaling pathways known to produce renal injury and are independent of their blood pressure-lowering effects. Oral administration of flavonoids prevents or ameliorates adverse effects on the kidney of elevated fructose consumption, high fat diet, and types I and 2 diabetes. These compounds attenuate the hyperglycemia-disrupted renal endothelial barrier function, urinary microalbumin excretion, and glomerular hyperfiltration that results from a reduction of podocyte injury, a determinant factor for albuminuria in diabetic nephropathy. Several flavonoids have shown renal protective effects against many nephrotoxic agents that frequently cause acute kidney injury (AKI) or chronic kidney disease (CKD), such as LPS, gentamycin, alcohol, nicotine, lead or cadmium. Flavonoids also improve cisplatin- or methotrexate-induced renal damage, demonstrating important actions in chemotherapy, anticancer and renoprotective effects. A beneficial prophylactic effect of flavonoids has been also observed against AKI induced by surgical procedures such as ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) or cardiopulmonary bypass. In several murine models of CKD, impaired kidney function was significantly improved by the administration of flavonoids from different sources, alone or in combination with stem cells. In humans, cocoa flavanols were found to have vasculoprotective effects in patients on hemodialysis. Moreover, flavonoids develop antitumor activity against renal carcinoma cells with no toxic effects on normal cells, suggesting a potential therapeutic role in patients with renal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix Vargas
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria GRANADA, Hospitales Universitarios de Granada, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Paola Romecín
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ana I García-Guillén
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Rosemary Wangesteen
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Area de Fisiología, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Pablo Vargas-Tendero
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria GRANADA, Hospitales Universitarios de Granada, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - M Dolores Paredes
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Noemí M Atucha
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Joaquín García-Estañ
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Antihypertensive Effect of Ethanolic Extract from Acanthopanax sessiliflorus Fruits and Quality Control of Active Compounds. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:5158243. [PMID: 29849899 PMCID: PMC5937377 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5158243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Acanthopanax sessiliflorus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Seem., which belongs to the Araliaceae family, mainly inhabits Korea, China, and Japan. Traditionally, Acanthopanax species have been used as treatment for several diseases such as diabetes, tumors, and rheumatoid arthritis. Especially, its fruits have many biological functions including antitumor, immunostimulating, antithrombosis, and antiplatelet activities. Recently, the extract of A. sessiliflorus fruit has been reported to have antithrombotic and antiplatelet activities related to the alleviation of hypertension. Therefore, we investigated the antihypertensive effect of ethanolic extract from A. sessiliflorus fruits (DHP1501) through in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro studies. In this study, DHP1501 demonstrated free radical scavenging capacity, enhanced endothelial nitric oxide (NO) production, and inhibited angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), resulting in the improvement of vascular relaxation and decrease in blood pressure in the hypertensive animal model. These results suggest that A. sessiliflorus fruit extract may be a promising functional material for the prevention and treatment of hypertension. Furthermore, this study demonstrated the utility of MS-based active compounds for the quality control of DHP1501.
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Sang L, Wang XM, Xu DY, Sang LX, Han Y, Jiang LY. Morin enhances hepatic Nrf2 expression in a liver fibrosis rat model. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:8334-8344. [PMID: 29307993 PMCID: PMC5743504 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i47.8334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate whether morin can reduce hepatic fibrosis by activating the NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway.
METHODS Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: control group, morin group, carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) group, and morin + CCl4 group. Rats in both the CCl4 and morin + CCl4 groups were injected intraperitoneally with CCl4 at a dose of 2 mL/kg twice a week. Rats in both the morin and morin + CCl4 groups were treated orally with morin at a dose of 50 mg/kg twice a week. Control rats were treated with vehicle only twice a week. At the end-point of the 8 wk of the experimental period, serum AST, ALT, and ALP were measured, and the liver specimens were obtained for pathological assessment. Real-time PCR and Western blot methods were used to analyze the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen I, collagen III, Nrf2, heme oxygenase (HO-1), and quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) using frozen liver specimens.
RESULTS Morin-treated rats in the morin + CCl4 group had less hyperplasia of fiber tissue, minimal inflammatory cells, and less body weight loss with favorable liver enzyme measurements compared to rats treated with CCl4 only. Additionally, morin-treated rats had significantly lower mRNA and protein expression of α-SMA, collagen I, and collagen III, but significantly higher mRNA and protein expression of Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO1 compared to rats treated with CCl4 only (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION Morin could play a protective role by inducing the expression of Nrf2 and its downstream antioxidant factors (HO-1 and NQO1) and reducing the expression of α-SMA, collagen I, and collagen III in CCl4-induced liver fibrosis rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Sang
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xue-Mei Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Dong-Yang Xu
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Li-Xuan Sang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yang Han
- Department of Pathology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Long-Yang Jiang
- Pharmacy College, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
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Lin MH, Hsu CC, Lin J, Cheng JT, Wu MC. Identification of morin as an agonist of imidazoline I-3 receptor for insulin secretion in diabetic rats. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2017; 390:997-1003. [PMID: 28689255 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-017-1399-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Morin is a flavonoid contained in guava that is known to reduce hyperglycemia in diabetics. Morin has been demonstrated to increase plasma insulin. However, the mechanism(s) remains unknown. The present study is designed to investigate the effect of morin on the imidazoline receptor (I-R) that regulates insulin secretion. We used Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells transfected with an I-R expression construct (NISCH-CHO-K1 cells) to identify the direct effect of morin on the I-R. Moreover, the imidazoline I3 receptor (I-3R) is known to be present in pancreatic β cells and involved in insulin secretion. Therefore, we applied a specific antagonist (KU14R) to block I-3R in diabetic rats. Additionally, the effect of morin on insulin secretion was characterized in isolated pancreatic islets. Morin decreased blood glucose levels by increasing plasma insulin levels in diabetic rats. In CHO cells expressing an I-R, morin increased calcium influx in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, KU14R dose-dependently inhibited the morin-induced effects, including hypoglycemia and the increase in insulin secretion and plasma C-peptide levels, in diabetic rats. Furthermore, morin enhanced insulin secretion from isolated pancreatic islets, and this effect was also dose-dependently inhibited by KU14R. Phospholipase C (PLC) is known to couple with the I-R, and a PLC inhibitor dose-dependently attenuated the insulin secretion induced by morin in isolated pancreatic islets. Taken together, these data suggest that morin can activate I-3R to enhance insulin secretion. Therefore, it would be useful to develop morin into a treatment for diabetic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mang Hung Lin
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung City, Taiwan, 90801.,Chief Secretary's Office, Chiayi Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Chiayi City, Taiwan, 60001
| | - Chia-Chen Hsu
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung City, Taiwan, 90801
| | - Jenshinn Lin
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung City, Taiwan, 90801
| | - Juei-Tang Cheng
- Department of Medical Research, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Yong Kang, Tainan City, Taiwan, 73101. .,Institute of Medical Science, College of Health Science, Chang Jung Christian University, Guei-Ren, Tainan City, Taiwan, 71101.
| | - Ming Chang Wu
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung City, Taiwan, 90801.
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Elmahdy NA, Sokar SS, Salem ML, Sarhan NI, Abou-Elela SH. Anti-fibrotic potential of human umbilical cord mononuclear cells and mouse bone marrow cells in CCl 4- induced liver fibrosis in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 89:1378-1386. [PMID: 28320105 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is the consequence of hepatocyte injury that leads to the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC). The treatment of choice is Liver transplantation; however, it has many problems such as surgery-related complications, immunological rejection and high costs associated with the procedure. Stem cell-based therapy would be a potential alternative, so the aim of this study is to investigate the therapeutic potential of human umbilical cord mononuclear cells (MNC) and mouse bone marrow cells (BMC) against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced liver fibrosis in mice and compare it with that of silymarin. In the present study, male albino mice (N=60) were divided into six groups (10 mice each), the first group served as the normal control group while the remaining five groups were rendered fibrotic by intraperitoneal injections of CCl4 and being left for 6 weeks to develop hepatic fibrosis. Thereafter, the mice were divided into CCl4 group, CCl4 group receiving MNC or BMC or silymarin or MNC and silymarin combination. After the specified treatment period, animals were then euthanized, blood and tissue samples were collected for measurement of alanine aminotransferase(ALT), aspartate aminotransferase(AST), malondialdehyde(MDA), reduced glutathione(GSH), collagen, Laminin, transforming growth factor β1(TGFβ1), tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNFα). MNC, BMC, and the combination therapy showed a significant decrease in ALT, AST, MDA, collagen, Laminin, TGFβ1, and TNFα and a significant increase in GSH. The data displayed a similar regression of fibrosis with the histological and immunohistological parameters. In conclusion, MNC, BMC and the combination therapy showed a potential therapeutic effect against liver fibrosis via reducing oxidative stress, inflammatory mediators, and fibrogenic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nageh Ahmed Elmahdy
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Samia Salem Sokar
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Labib Salem
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Immunology and Biotechnology Unit, Immunology and Biotechnology Division, Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | | | - Sherin Hamed Abou-Elela
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
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Syed AA, Lahiri S, Mohan D, Valicherla GR, Gupta AP, Riyazuddin M, Kumar S, Maurya R, Hanif K, Gayen JR. Evaluation of anti-hypertensive activity of Ulmus wallichiana extract and fraction in SHR, DOCA-salt- and L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 193:555-565. [PMID: 27720848 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ulmus wallichiana Planchon (Himalayan Elm), a traditional medicinal plant, used in fracture healing in folk tradition of Uttarakhand, Himalaya, India. It is also used as diuretic. U. rhynchophylla, native to China, known as Gou Teng in Chinese medicine, is used for hypertension (WHO). U. macrocarpa has antihypertensive and vasorelaxant activity. However, no detailed studies related to hypertension have been reported previously, so we have explored the antihypertensive activity of U. wallichiana. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the pharmacological effect of ethanolic extract (EE) and butanolic fraction (BF) of U. wallichiana in hypertensive rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS SHR, DOCA-salt- and L-NAME-induced hypertension models were used. Treatment was performed by oral administration of EE and BF of U. wallichiana (500mg/kg/day and 50mg/kg/day) for 14 days. Then blood pressure was measured by non-invasive blood pressure (NIBP) measurement technique. Invasive blood pressure (IBP) was also reported to support the NIBP data. Concentrations of plasma renin, angiotensin II (Ang II), nitrate/nitrite (NO), cGMP were estimated. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity and ROS activity were also estimated. RESULTS Blood pressure was significantly higher in SHR as compared to normotensive wistar group (170.59±0.83mmHg vs 121.54±1.24mmHg, respectively). SBP was increased in DOCA-salt induced group compared to their control (132.77±3.90mmHg vs 107.85±5.95mmHg, respectively) and L-NAME-induced group compared to their control (168.55±5.07mmHg vs 113.03±4.13mmHg, respectively). The treatment of extract and fraction of U. wallichiana significantly decreased the blood pressure in SHR+EE (151.26±1.85mmHg, p<0.001), SHR+BF (140.44±1.16mmHg, p<0.001); DOCA+EE (113.43±5.44mmHg, p<0.05), DOCA+BF (105.09±5.12mmHg, p<0.05) and L-NAME+EE (119.76±4.39mmHg, p<0.001), L-NAME+BF (117.50±7.27mmHg, p<0.001) compared to their respective diseased control groups. The plasma renin, Ang II and ACE activity were also significantly decreased and augmented the NO and cGMP levels. It also down regulated the expression of Renin, ACE, NOS3 and TGF-β1 at mRNA levels. CONCLUSIONS The EE and BF probably reducing the BP via Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and NO/cGMP signaling pathway. The decrease in blood pressure may be due to presence of quercetin analogue flavonoids (2S,3S)-(+)-3',4',5,7-tetrahydroxydihydroflavonol-6-C-β-D-glucopyranoside; 6-Glucopyranosyl-3,3',4',5,7-pentahydroxyflavone; 6-Glucopyranosyl-4',5,7-trihydroxyflavanone and (2S,3S)-(+)-4',5,7-trihydroxydihydroflavonol-6-C-β-D-glucopyranoside, may be due to its antioxidant activity. Thus EE and BF of U. wallichiana found to have the potential ability to be used as herbal medicament to treat hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anees A Syed
- Division of Pharmacokinetics & Metabolism, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Shibani Lahiri
- Division of Pharmacokinetics & Metabolism, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Divya Mohan
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Guru R Valicherla
- Division of Pharmacokinetics & Metabolism, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Anand P Gupta
- Division of Pharmacokinetics & Metabolism, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Mohammed Riyazuddin
- Division of Pharmacokinetics & Metabolism, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Sudhir Kumar
- Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Rakesh Maurya
- Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Kashif Hanif
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India.
| | - Jiaur R Gayen
- Division of Pharmacokinetics & Metabolism, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India.
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Prayitnaningsih S, Sujuti H, Effendi M, Abdullah A, Anandita NW, Yohana F, Permatasari N, Widodo MA. Neuropathy optic glaucomatosa induced by systemic hypertension through activation endothelin-1 signaling pathway in central retinal artery in rats. Int J Ophthalmol 2016; 9:1568-1577. [PMID: 27990358 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2016.11.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate effect of hypertension on retinal ganglion cell (RGC) apoptosis, intraocular pressure (IOP), and the activation of endothelin-1 (ET-1) signaling pathway in central retinal artery (CRA) in rats. METHODS The experimental study was performed on 20 male Sprague Dawley rats that were divided into control group, and hypertension groups. The hypertension was induced by subcutaneous deoxycorticoacetate (DOCA) 10 mg/kg twice a week and administered 0.9% NaCl solution daily for 2, 6, and 10wk. Blood pressure (BP) was measured using animal BP analyzer. IOP was measured by handheld tonometry. Retinal tissue preparations by paraffin blocks were made after enucleation. The expression of ET-1, eNOS, ET-1 receptor A (ETRA), ET-1 receptor B (ETRB), and phosphorylated myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), and caldesmon (CaD) in CRA and RGC apoptosis were evaluated through immunofluorescent staining method then observed using laser scanning confocal microscopy. RESULTS BP significantly increased in all of the hypertension groups compared to control (P=0.001). Peak IOP elevation (7.78±4.14 mm Hg) and RGC apoptosis (576.15±33.28 Au) occurred on 2wk of hypertension. ET-1 expression (1238.6±55.1 Au) and eNOS expression (2814.2±70.7 Au) were found highest in 2wk of hypertension, although the ratio of ET-1/eNOS decreased since 2wk. ETRA reached peak expression in 10wk of hypertension (1219.4±6.3 Au), while ETRB significantly increased only in 2 weeks group (1069.2±9.6 Au). The highest MLCK expression (1190.09±58.32 Au), CaD (1670.28±18.36 Au) were also found in 2wk of hypertension. CONCLUSION Hypertension effects to activation of ET-1 signaling pathway significantly in CRA, elevation of IOP, and RGC apoptosis. The highest value was achieved at 2wk, which is the development phase of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hidayat Sujuti
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang 65145, Indonesia
| | - Maksum Effendi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang 65145, Indonesia
| | - Aulia Abdullah
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang 65145, Indonesia
| | - Nanda Wahyu Anandita
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang 65145, Indonesia
| | - Febriani Yohana
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang 65145, Indonesia
| | - Nur Permatasari
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang 65145, Indonesia
| | - Mohamad Aris Widodo
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang 65145, Indonesia
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Sawant SH, Bodhankar SL. Flax lignan concentrate reverses alterations in blood pressure, left ventricular functions, lipid profile and antioxidant status in DOCA-salt induced renal hypertension in rats. Ren Fail 2016; 38:411-23. [DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2015.1136895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Morin and Its Role in Chronic Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 928:453-471. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-41334-1_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Akcılar R, Akçer S, Şimşek H, Akcılar A, Bayat Z, Genç O. The effect of ozone on blood pressure in DOCA-salt-induced hypertensive rats. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:12783-12791. [PMID: 26550192 PMCID: PMC4612877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension is a risk factor for the cardiovascular diseases. Ozone as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of several disorders. We aimed to observe the effects of ozone on the blood pressure in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats. METHODS Twenty three young Sprague Dawley male rats were divided into three groups; Control (C), Hypertension (H) and Hypertension + Ozone (HO). Hypertension was induced by injection of DOCA-salt (25 mg/kg, s.c.) twice weekly, 4 weeks, whereas intraperitoneal ozone was administered (1.1 mg/kg) for 10 days. Serum endothelin-1, nitric oxide and renin levels were measured with ELISA. Blood pressures were monitored using a tail cuff system. Endothelin-1, ET receptor A and ET receptor B mRNA expression in heart and vascular tissue were assessed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Blood pressure, serum endothelin-1 and ET receptor A mRNA expression levels were increased in H group, whereas serum renin, nitric oxide and ET receptor B mRNA expression levels in the heart and vascular tissue decreased compared with C and HO groups, which were counteracted by ozone treatment. CONCLUSION Ozone treatment decreases blood pressure and is effective in preventing the progression of hypertensive disease, the mechanisms of which are associated with anti-vasoconstrictor effects through reducing the levels of serum endothelin-1 and ET receptor A mRNA expression in the heart and vascular tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raziye Akcılar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Dumlupınar Kütahya, Turkey
| | - Sezer Akçer
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Dumlupınar Kütahya, Turkey
| | - Hasan Şimşek
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Dumlupınar Kütahya, Turkey
| | - Aydın Akcılar
- Experimental Animal Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Dumlupınar Kütahya, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Bayat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Dumlupınar Kütahya, Turkey
| | - Osman Genç
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Dumlupınar Kütahya, Turkey
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Manivannan J, Silambarasan T, Kadarkarairaj R, Raja B. Systems pharmacology and molecular docking strategies prioritize natural molecules as cardioprotective agents. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra10761j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidimensional prioritization of cardioprotective natural compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thangarasu Silambarasan
- Cardiovascular Biology Lab
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology
- Annamalai University
- India
| | | | - Boobalan Raja
- Cardiovascular Biology Lab
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology
- Annamalai University
- India
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Safaeian L, Ghasemi-Dehkordi N, Javanmard SH, Namvar H. Antihypertensive and antioxidant effects of a hydroalcoholic extract obtained from aerial parts of Otostegia persica (Burm.) Boiss. Res Pharm Sci 2015; 10:192-9. [PMID: 26600845 PMCID: PMC4621625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Otostegia persica (Burm.) Boiss. is used for the treatment of various diseases in traditional medicine. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of hydroalcoholic extract of the aerial parts of O. persica in dexamethasone (Dex) induced hypertension in male Wistar rats. For induction of hypertension, Dex at 30 μg/kg/day was administered subcutaneously for 14 days. In a prevention study, animals received O. persica extract orally at various doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg 4 days before Dex administration and during the test period lasted for 18 days. In a reversal study, rats received O. persica extract from day 8 to 14. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured using tail-cuff method. The weight of thymus gland was measured as a marker of glucocorticoid activity. The hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentration and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were determined in plasma samples. Dex injection significantly increased SBP and plasma H2O2 levels while decreased the body and thymus weights and FRAP values. Oral administration of O. persica extract prevented and dose-dependently reversed a rise in SBP. Pre-treatment with O. persica extract also reduced the plasma H2O2 concentration, increased the plasma FRAP levels and prevented the body weight loss upon Dex administration. These results suggest antihypertensive and antioxidant effects of O. persica extract in Dex-induced hypertension. However, further investigations are needed to elucidate the detailed mechanism(s) of antihypertensive effect of this traditional herbal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Safaeian
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran,Corresponding author: L. Safaeian Tel: 0098 31 37927067, Fax: 0098 31 36680011
| | - N. Ghasemi-Dehkordi
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Sh. Haghjoo Javanmard
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - H. Namvar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
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Heeba GH, Mahmoud ME. Therapeutic potential of morin against liver fibrosis in rats: modulation of oxidative stress, cytokine production and nuclear factor kappa B. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 37:662-671. [PMID: 24583409 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 01/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic potential of morin, a member of flavonoid family, against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis in rats was investigated and compared with that of silymarin. Results show that treatment with morin (30 mg/kg/day) revealed attenuation in liver index and serum biomarkers of liver function that were enhanced by chronic CCl4 intoxication. Further, morin inhibited the elevated levels of malondialdehyde and nitric oxide and restored hepatic reduced glutathione to its normal level. The increased production of hepatic hydroxyproline content by CCl4 was markedly decreased by administration of morin. In addition, treatment with morin significantly attenuated the inflammatory responses caused by CCl4 as evident by the decreased hepatic tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) level, immunohistochemical expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase and nuclear factor kappa B. Collectively, this study indicates that morin possesses antifibrotic effect in the CCl4 model of fibrosis via reducing oxidative stress, inflammatory responses and fibrogenic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gehan H Heeba
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt.
| | - Magda E Mahmoud
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
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Prahalathan P, Saravanakumar M, Raja B. The flavonoid morin restores blood pressure and lipid metabolism in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats. Redox Rep 2012; 17:167-75. [PMID: 22781105 DOI: 10.1179/1351000212y.0000000015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was undertaken to investigate the antihypertensive and antihyperlipedimic potential of morin against deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertensive rats. METHODS Hypertension was induced in uninephrectomized rats (UNX) by weekly twice subcutaneous injection of DOCA (25 mg/kg) and 1% NaCl in the drinking water for six consecutive weeks. Morin (50 mg/kg) was administered to DOCA-salt rats orally using an intragastric tube daily for a period of 6 weeks. RESULTS The DOCA-salt hypertensive rats showed significant elevation in mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR) and reduction in body weight. A significant increase in the concentrations of plasma and tissue (liver, kidney, heart, and aorta) lipids such as total cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty acids, phospholipids, plasma low-density and very low-density lipoproteins cholesterol, and a decrease in the concentration of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were noticed in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats. Also, the levels of urinary protein and the activity of 3-hydroxy 3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase in the plasma and tissues were increased, and lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase activity in the plasma was decreased in DOCA-salt rats. Morin supplementation (50 mg/kg) throughout the experimental period restored all the above parameters significantly. CONCLUSION Morin has a potential role in attenuating severe hypertension and hyperlipedimia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pichavaram Prahalathan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, India
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