2
|
Jain PK, Jain S, Sharma S, Paliwal S. Pharmacognostical specification and validated high-performance thin-layer chromatographic method for the estimation of quercetin in Phoenix sylvestris root. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2019. [DOI: 10.1556/1006.2019.32.1.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Kumar Jain
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali 304022, India
| | - Sonika Jain
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali 304022, India
| | - Swapnil Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali 304022, India
| | - Sarvesh Paliwal
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali 304022, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wei S, Ji H, Yang B, Ma L, Bei Z, Li X, Dang H, Yang X, Liu C, Wu X, Chen J. Impact of chrysosplenetin on the pharmacokinetics and anti-malarial efficacy of artemisinin against Plasmodium berghei as well as in vitro CYP450 enzymatic activities in rat liver microsome. Malar J 2015; 14:432. [PMID: 26537009 PMCID: PMC4632357 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-015-0929-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Artemisinin (ART) is an efficacious and safe anti-malarial drugs but has low oral bioavailability and auto-induction profiles during multiple dosing. The pharmacokinetic disadvantages have been found to partially depend on the induction of cytochrome P-450 enzymes by ART and resulted in the therapeutic failure due to insufficient drug levels. The present study, therefore, investigated the impacts of chrysosplenetin (CHR), a polymethoxylated flavonoid from Artemisia annua, on the pharmacokinetics and the anti-malarial efficacy of ART against Plasmodium berghei. The inhibition of CHR on enzymatic activity of CYP1A2, CYP2A, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, and CYP3A in rat liver microsome was also investigated. IC50, Km, Ki, and inhibitory type of CHR were respectively calculated. METHODS Twenty rats were randomly divided into four groups and received three-day oral doses of ART in absence or presence of CHR (in ratio of 1:0, 1:1, 1:2, and 1:4, respectively). Plasma samples were separately harvested for ART pharmacokinetics analysis using a valid liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) method. Female Kunming mice were inoculated by P. berghei K173 strain and pre-exposed to three-day oral administration of ART with or without CHR as pharmacokinetics protocol. Giemsa staining method was applied to calculate percent parasitaemia (%) and inhibition (%). In vitro rat liver microsomal model was employed to elucidate the inhibitory effect of CHR on CYP1A2, CYP2A, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, and CYP3A. RESULTS The AUC0-t, Cmax, and t 1/2 of ART increased significantly (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) as well as declined CLz (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) after three-day oral doses of ART in presence of CHR (1:2) when compared with ART alone. Also, parasitaemia (%) remarkably attenuated 1.59 folds with 1.63-fold augmented inhibition (%) when the ratio between ART and CHR reached 1:2. CHR itself had no anti-malarial efficacy (P > 0.05). CHR inhibited in vitro activity of CYP1A2 and CYP2C19 (P < 0.01, IC50 = 4.61 and 6.23 μM) in a concentration-response manner. The inhibition did not emerge on CYP2E1 and CYP3A until the CHR concentration exceeded 4.0 μM (P < 0.01, IC50 = 28.17 and 3.38 µM). CHR has no impact on CYP 2A and CYP2D6 (P > 0.05). The inhibition types of CHR on CYP1A2 and CYP3A belonged to noncompetitive and uncompetitive, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Co-administration of ART with CHR in ratio of 1:2 achieved a synergic anti-malarial effect partly because of the noncompetitive or uncompetitive inhibition of CHR of drug-metabolism enzymes, especially CYP3A which is closely related to the auto-induction of ART.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160# Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, 750004, People's Republic of China. .,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongyan Ji
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bei Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160# Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, 750004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liping Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160# Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, 750004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhuchun Bei
- Institute of Epidemic Disease, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160# Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, 750004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongwan Dang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoying Yang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Cheng Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160# Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, 750004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiuli Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160# Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, 750004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jing Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160# Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, 750004, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rungsihirunrat K, Chaijaroenkul W, Siripoon N, Seugorn A, Thaithong S, Na-Bangchang K. Comparison of protein patterns between Plasmodium falciparum mutant clone T9/94-M1-1(b3) induced by pyrimethamine and the original parent clone T9/94. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2015; 2:66-9. [PMID: 23569837 DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(11)60192-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2011] [Revised: 05/27/2011] [Accepted: 06/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the protein patterns from the extracts of the mutant clone T9/94-M1-1(b3) induced by pyrimethamine, and the original parent clone T9/94 following separation of parasite extracts by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE). METHODS Proteins were solubilized and separated according to their charges and sizes. The separated protein spots were then detected by silver staining and analyzed for protein density by the powerful image analysis software. RESULTS Differentially expressed protein patterns (up- or down-regulation) were separated from the extracts from the two clones. A total of 223 and 134 protein spots were detected from the extracts of T9/94 and T9/94-M1-1(b3) clones, respectively. Marked reduction in density of protein expression was observed with the extract from the mutant (resistant) clone compared with the parent (sensitive) clone. A total of 25 protein spots showed at least two-fold difference in density, some of which exhibited as high as ten-fold difference. CONCLUSIONS These proteins may be the molecular targets of resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to pyrimethamine. Further study to identify the chemical structures of these proteins by mass spectrometry is required.
Collapse
|
5
|
Ponarulselvam S, Panneerselvam C, Murugan K, Aarthi N, Kalimuthu K, Thangamani S. Synthesis of silver nanoparticles using leaves of Catharanthus roseus Linn. G. Don and their antiplasmodial activities. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2015; 2:574-80. [PMID: 23569974 DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(12)60100-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Revised: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 11/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop a novel approach for the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using aqueous leaves extracts of Catharanthus roseus (C. roseus) Linn. G. Don which has been proven active against malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum). METHODS Characterizations were determined by using ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray and X-ray diffraction. RESULTS SEM showed the formation of silver nanoparticles with an average size of 35-55 nm. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the particles were crystalline in nature with face centred cubic structure of the bulk silver with the broad peaks at 32.4, 46.4 and 28.0. CONCLUSIONS It can be concluded that the leaves of C. roseus can be good source for synthesis of silver nanoparticle which shows antiplasmodial activity against P. falciparum. The important outcome of the study will be the development of value added products from medicinal plants C. roseus for biomedical and nanotechnology based industries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Ponarulselvam
- Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore-641 046, India
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lee LG, Nordman ES, Johnson MD, Oldham MF. A low-cost, high-performance system for fluorescence lateral flow assays. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2013; 3:360-73. [PMID: 25586412 PMCID: PMC4263565 DOI: 10.3390/bios3040360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate a fluorescence lateral flow system that has excellent sensitivity and wide dynamic range. The illumination system utilizes an LED, plastic lenses and plastic and colored glass filters for the excitation and emission light. Images are collected on an iPhone 4. Several fluorescent dyes with long Stokes shifts were evaluated for their signal and nonspecific binding in lateral flow. A wide range of values for the ratio of signal to nonspecific binding was found, from 50 for R-phycoerythrin (R-PE) to 0.15 for Brilliant Violet 605. The long Stokes shift of R-PE allowed the use of inexpensive plastic filters rather than costly interference filters to block the LED light. Fluorescence detection with R-PE and absorbance detection with colloidal gold were directly compared in lateral flow using biotinylated bovine serum albumen (BSA) as the analyte. Fluorescence provided linear data over a range of 0.4–4,000 ng/mL with a 1,000-fold signal change while colloidal gold provided non-linear data over a range of 16–4,000 ng/mL with a 10-fold signal change. A comparison using human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) as the analyte showed a similar advantage in the fluorescent system. We believe our inexpensive yet high-performance platform will be useful for providing quantitative and sensitive detection in a point-of-care setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda G Lee
- Song Diagnostic Research LLC, 1 Megans Lane, Woodside, CA 94062, USA.
| | - Eric S Nordman
- Song Diagnostic Research LLC, 1 Megans Lane, Woodside, CA 94062, USA.
| | - Martin D Johnson
- Song Diagnostic Research LLC, 1 Megans Lane, Woodside, CA 94062, USA.
| | - Mark F Oldham
- Song Diagnostic Research LLC, 1 Megans Lane, Woodside, CA 94062, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jinling C, Dandan Z, Pei S, Wei S, Gengfu X, Yinong D, Ying Z. Bioinformatics analysis on ORF1 protein of Torque teno virus (SANBAN isolate). ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2012; 4:850-6. [PMID: 22078945 DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(11)60207-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2011] [Revised: 09/11/2011] [Accepted: 10/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the sequence of ORF1 protein of Torque teno virus to prepare for the future hybrid experiments. METHODS The sequence of ORF1 protein of Torque teno virus was analyzed by bioinformatics using some web tools. RESULTS The most likely cleavage site was between position 14aa and 15aa and signal peptide may be position 1aa-14aa. Two possible transmembrane helices from inside to outside and three possible transmembrane helices from outside to inside were found. The position 509 (NKTN) was the potential N-glycosylation site. The speculative molecular weight of TTV ORF1 protein, which may be a kind of unstable protein was 88 705.7 Da. 1aa-91aa and 278aa-361aa were localized in non-regular secondary structure region. CONCLUSIONS TTV ORF1 protein may be a nuclear protein which contains two non-regular secondary structure region. 265aa to 486aa and 510aa to 679aa may be the two approciate fragments to construct the plasmids, which would be prepared for the future hybrid experiments to study the functional positions of the protein and the interactions between TTV and its hosts. Bioinformatics analysis would possibly make it easier to study the protein's function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Jinling
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, Peoples Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Karou SD, Tchacondo T, Ouattara L, Anani K, Savadogo A, Agbonon A, Attaia MB, de Souza C, Sakly M, Simpore J. Antimicrobial, antiplasmodial, haemolytic and antioxidant activities of crude extracts from three selected Togolese medicinal plants. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2012; 4:808-13. [PMID: 22014738 DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(11)60199-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2011] [Revised: 05/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiplasmodial, acute toxicity and haemolytic activities of methanolic extracts of three plants. Phytochemical analysis to determine the phenolic contents was also carried out. METHODS The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging, NCCLS broth microdilution and Plasmodium Lactate Dehydrogenase (pLDH) assays were used to determine antioxidant, antimicrobial and antiplasmodial activities, respectively. Haemolysis assay was conducted on A(+) human red blood cells and acute toxicity on male Swiss albino mice. Phenolics were quantitatively determined using spectrophotometric methods. RESULTS The DPPH assay yielded interesting antioxidant activities of methanolic extract of Parinari curatellifolia (P. curatellifolia) and Entada africana (E. africana) (IC(50) were 0.20±0.01 μg/mL and 0.47±0.01 μg/mL, respectively). This activity was highly correlated with phenolic contents of extracts. The antimicrobial tests displayed minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) values ranging from 0.90 to 1.80 mg/mL for Serratia marcescens (S. marcescens) the most susceptible bacterial strain. MIC value was 1.20 mg/mL for susceptible fungal strains including Mucor rouxi (M. rouxi), Fusarium oxyporum (F. oxyporum) and Rhizopus nigricans (R. nigricans). pLDH assay showed moderate antiplasmodial activity of Balanites aegyptiaca (B. aegyptiaca) (IC(50) = 24.56±3.45 μg/mL), however this extract was highly haemolytic and toxic in mice (LD(50) = 625±128 mg/kg). CONCLUSIONS Our results support in part the use of the selected plants in the treatment of microbial infections. In addition the plant showed interesting antioxidant activity that could be useful in the management of oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simplice D Karou
- Centre de Recherche et de Formation sur les Plantes Médicinales, Université de Lomé, Togo.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jiang N, Meng L, Lu HJ, Kang W, Peng S, Pan WQ, Yin JG, Chen QJ. Analysis of var genes cloned from a Plasmodium falciparum isolate in China. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2012; 5:85-90. [PMID: 22221747 DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(12)60001-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Revised: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 01/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyse the var gene repertoire and characterise the chondroitin sulphate A (CSA)-binding activity of the Duffy-binding like (DBL) domains encoded by the var2csa gene of a Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) isolate in Hainan Province, China. METHODS The sequences of var DBL1 regions were PCR-amplified, sequenced and the sequence characteristics was bioinformatically analysed. Recombinant proteins encoded by the var2csa genes were expressed and purified. The binding activities of the recombinant proteins to CSA receptor was detected by ELISA assays. RESULTS Fifty six unique DBL α sequences were obtained, and the sequences represented similar diversity to the var genes of the genome parasite 3D7. There are two var2csa genes in the P. falciparum isolated from Hainan Province. Unlike in other falciparum parasites such as HB3, the two var2csa genes are more diverged. The receptor-binding capacity of DBL-5ε and DBL-6ε domains of HN var2CSA was studied. CONCLUSIONS This work represented the diversity of var genes of a P. falciparum isolate in China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|