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Manikat R, Ahmed A, Kim D. Current epidemiology of chronic liver disease. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf) 2024; 12:goae069. [PMID: 38915345 PMCID: PMC11194530 DOI: 10.1093/gastro/goae069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver disease presents a significant global health burden, characterized by several etiologies, including metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), alcohol-related liver disease (ALD), chronic hepatitis B virus infection, and chronic hepatitis C virus infection. This review explored current epidemiological trends and projections for each etiology, looking into their respective burdens and challenges. MASLD, formerly known as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, is the most prevalent cause of chronic liver disease, and its global incidence and prevalence are steadily rising. ALD, fueled by increased alcohol consumption, is also on the rise, with concerning implications for future mortality rates. Chronic hepatitis B and C infections remain major public health concerns, particularly in specific regions of the world, necessitating concerted efforts for screening and treatment. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has impacted the epidemiology of chronic liver disease, exacerbating mortality rates and disrupting healthcare services. Mental health issues arising from the pandemic further complicate the treatment of chronic liver disease, making comprehensive healthcare strategies essential. Despite advancements in treatment, chronic liver disease continues to impose a substantial economic burden, emphasizing the importance of preventive measures and early intervention. In conclusion, ongoing surveillance and research efforts are crucial for understanding and addressing the evolving landscape of chronic liver disease. Comprehensive strategies that encompass prevention, screening, and treatment of its different etiologies are essential for mitigating its impact and improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richie Manikat
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Aijaz Ahmed
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Donghee Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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2
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Zou Y, Chen S, Cui Y, Zou Y. M133S mutation possibly involve in the ER stress and mitophagy pathway in maintenance hemodialysis patients with occult hepatitis B infection. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13981. [PMID: 38886481 PMCID: PMC11183135 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64943-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Occult hepatitis B virus infection (OBI) is characterized by the presence of HBV DNA in the absence of detectable HBsAg. OBI is an important risk factor for cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, but its pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated. Mutations in the HBV preS/S genes can lead to impaired secretion of either HBsAg or S-protein resulting in the accumulation of defective viruses or S protein in cells. In our previous work, the M133S mutation was present in the HBV S gene of maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients with OBI. In this study, we investigated the potential role of amino acid substitutions in S proteins in S protein production and secretion through the construction of mutant S gene plasmids, structural prediction, transcriptome sequencing analysis, and in vitro functional studies. Protein structure prediction showed that the S protein M133S mutant exhibited hydrophilic modifications, with greater aggregation and accumulation of the entire structure within the membrane phospholipid bilayer. Differential gene enrichment analysis of transcriptome sequencing data showed that differentially expressed genes were mainly concentrated in protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The expression of heat shock family proteins and ER chaperone molecules was significantly increased in the wild-type and mutant groups, whereas the expression of mitochondria-associated proteins was decreased. Immunofluorescence staining and protein blotting showed that the endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein PDI, the autophagy marker LC3, and the lysosome-associated protein LAMP2 co-localized with the S proteins in the wild-type and mutant strains, and their expression was increased. The mitochondria-associated TOMM20 protein was also co-expressed with the S protein, but expression was significantly reduced in the mutant. The M133S mutation in the S gene is expressed as a defective and misfolded protein that accumulates in the endoplasmic reticulum causing secretion-impaired endoplasmic reticulum stress, which in turn triggers mitochondrial autophagy and recruits lysosomes to fuse with the autophagosome, leading to mitochondrial clearance. This study preliminarily demonstrated that the mutation of M133S in the S gene can cause OBI and is associated with disease progression, providing a theoretical basis for the diagnosis and treatment of OBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurong Zou
- Department of Nephrology and Institute of Nephrology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan Clinical Research Centre for Kidney Diseases, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Sipei Chen
- Department of Nephrology and Institute of Nephrology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan Clinical Research Centre for Kidney Diseases, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Yiyuan Cui
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Neurology, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yang Zou
- Department of Nephrology and Institute of Nephrology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan Clinical Research Centre for Kidney Diseases, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China.
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3
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Wang J, Sun X, Wei S, Chen X, Zhu H, Liantang Y, Bao R, Du Y. Noninvasive models for the prediction of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B. BMC Gastroenterol 2024; 24:183. [PMID: 38783185 PMCID: PMC11119390 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-024-03270-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of aspartate aminotransferase(AST)/ alanine transaminase (ALT), AST to platelet ratio index (APRI), fibrosis-4 score (FIB-4) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase to platelet count ratio (GPR) for hepatic fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). METHODS A total of 1210 CHB patients who underwent liver biopsy were divided into two groups: patients with no significant fibrosis (control group) and patients with significant fibrosis, and routine laboratory tests were retrospectively included. Logistic regression models were used for the prediction, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) was used to assess the diagnostic accuracy. RESULTS A total of 631 (52.1%) and 275 (22.7%) patients had significant fibrosis (≥ S2) and advanced fibrosis (≥ S3), respectively. The GPR showed significantly higher diagnostic accuracy than that of APRI, FiB-4, and AST/ALT to predict ≥ S2(significant fibrosis) and ≥ S3 fibrosis(advanced fibrosis), with an AUROC was 0.69 (95%CI: 0.66-0.71) and 0.72 (0.69-0.75), respectively. After stratified by the status of HBeAg ( positive or negative), GPR, APRI, and FiB-4 showed improved predicting performance for significant fibrosis and advanced fibrosis in HBeAg positive patients, with the most significant improvement was shown for GPR in predicting significant fibrosis (AUROC = 0.74, 95%CI: 0.70-0.78). CONCLUSIONS Among the four noninvasive models, GPR has the best performance in the diagnosis of hepatic fibrosis in CHB patients and is more valuable in HBeAg-positive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanxia Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No. 82 Cuiyingmen, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, China.
| | - Xince Sun
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No. 82 Cuiyingmen, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Shibo Wei
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No. 82 Cuiyingmen, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Xinyue Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No. 82 Cuiyingmen, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Haoyu Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No. 82 Cuiyingmen, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Youyou Liantang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No. 82 Cuiyingmen, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Ruikun Bao
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, No. 199 West Donggang R.D, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Yufeng Du
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, No. 199 West Donggang R.D, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China.
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4
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Vidal-Cevallos P, Flores-García N, Chávez-Tapia NC, Chalasani NP. Occult liver disease: A multinational perspective. Ann Hepatol 2024; 29:101480. [PMID: 38354950 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2024.101480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Occult liver disease refers to the presence of unrecognized chronic liver disease and cirrhosis. Liver disease is currently the eleventh cause of death globally, representing 4% of all deaths in the world. Alcohol consumption is the leading cause of cirrhosis globally, accounting for approximately 60% of cases. The estimated global prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is 32.4% and has been steadily increasing over the last years. Viral hepatitis B and C accounted for 1.3 million deaths in 2020. Several studies in populations at high risk of chronic liver disease (elevated liver enzymes, type 2 diabetes, excessive alcohol consumption) have found an elevated prevalence of occult liver disease. Attempts should be made to assess the prevalence of occult liver disease in Latin America, a region with one of the highest rates of metabolic diseases and excessive alcohol consumption. Screening for NAFLD in high-risk subjects and screening for excessive drinking and alcohol use disorders at every level of medical care is relevant. Efforts should also focus on the early treatment of occult liver disease to try to reduce liver disease burden and, in the case of occult viral hepatitis infection, prevent further spreading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Vidal-Cevallos
- Obesity and Digestive Disease Unit, Medica Sur Clinic and Foundation, Puente de Piedra 150, Toriello Guerra, 14050, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Nayelli Flores-García
- Department of Gastroenterology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Norberto C Chávez-Tapia
- Obesity and Digestive Disease Unit, Medica Sur Clinic and Foundation, Puente de Piedra 150, Toriello Guerra, 14050, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Naga P Chalasani
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States.
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5
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Yu RT, Punzalan KAP, Bhatnagar S, Lutero RB, Chamen IMS, Masangkay CB, Arcellana-Nuqui EY. Seroreactivity of antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen among hepatitis B surface antigen-screened negative blood donors and its implications for blood safety in a resource-constrained country. Vox Sang 2024; 119:252-256. [PMID: 38245853 DOI: 10.1111/vox.13576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Transfusion-related hepatitis B infections have been reduced significantly with the implementation of blood screening using both serology and nucleic acid amplification technology (NAT) in developed countries. However, in resource-constrained countries, where NAT is inaccessible, the risk persists from early acute and occult cases. This study aimed to determine the antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) reactive rate among hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-screened negative blood donors and its impact on blood safety in the Philippines. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 1602 HBsAg-negative samples, randomly collected from nine leading blood service facilities representative of each region in the Philippines, were tested for anti-HBc immunoglobulin M (IgM), Total and antibodies to HBsAg (anti-HBs) using the Architect i2000SR Immunoassay Analyser (Abbott Laboratories, IL). Anti-HBc IgM and/or Total repeat reactive were further tested for hepatitis B virus (HBV) NAT using the Cobas TaqScreen MPX v2.0 (Roche Diagnostics, Basel). RESULTS Overall, 19.16% HBsAg-negative samples (n = 307/1602) were reactive for either anti-HBc IgM or Total or a combination of both, of which 1.3% (n = 4/307) had detectable HBV-DNA and 80.5% (n = 247/307) were anti-HBs positive. About the anti-HBs titres, 30.27% (n = 485/1602) were positive (≥10 IU/L) with 55.67% (n = 270/485) having titres ≥100 IU/L. Anti-HBs-only-positive samples were 14.85% (n = 238/1602). CONCLUSION We observed a high anti-HBc reactive rate (19.16%) with 3.7% anti-HBc-only reactive (anti-HBs negative) and 1.3% HBV-DNA positive. This warrants the need to reconsider existing screening practices to improve blood safety in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhoda T Yu
- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa City, Philippines
| | | | | | - Raymond B Lutero
- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa City, Philippines
| | - Iza Mae S Chamen
- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa City, Philippines
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Li X, Bi L, Han L. Associations of five blood heavy metals with hepatitis B virus infection and immunity in adults: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:266. [PMID: 38262984 PMCID: PMC10804536 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17799-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heavy metal pollution has emerged as a significant concern for human health, prompting increased awareness of its potential adverse effects. While previous research has established a connection between heavy metals and liver function biomarkers, the specific relationship between heavy metals and HBV infection remains unexplored. This cross-sectional study aims to investigate the potential correlations between five blood heavy metals - lead, cadmium, mercury, manganese, and selenium - and the presence of HBsAg, HBsAb, and HBcAb in adults. METHODS The study utilized data from NHANES 2007-2018. Participants were classified into four groups based on their infectious status, and the association between heavy metals and HBV infection was analyzed using multiple logistic regression and stratification analysis. RESULTS A total of 8431 participants were included, with 5 436 classified as Susceptible, 1 765 as Vaccinated, 865 as Natural Infection, and 103 as Acute/Chronic HBV Infection. The Vaccinated group exhibited a lower mean age (34.52 ± 14.16 years) compared to the other groups. Statistically significant differences in heavy metal concentrations (except selenium) were observed among the groups (P < 0.001). After adjusting for covariates, lead was significantly associated with HBV infection (Q2: OR 2.37, 95%CI 1.04-5.39; Q3: OR 2.34, 95%CI 1.01-5.40), and positive trends were observed for high blood concentrations of mercury (Q4: OR 3.03, 95%CI 1.31-7.04) and manganese (Q4: OR 2.52, 95%CI 1.20-5.28). Furtherly, the presence of lead reduced the protection of HBsAb (Q2: OR 0.84, 95%CI 0.73-0.97; Q3: OR 0.77, 95%CI 0.66-0.90; Q4: OR 0.83, 95%CI 0.70-0.98). Subgroup analysis indicated that cadmium was associated with an increased risk of HBV infection in Asians (OR 1.36, 95%CI 1.03-1.78) and individuals with a BMI range of 25 to 30 (OR 1.60, 95%CI 1.17-2.18). CONCLUSIONS The study's findings suggest a correlation between elevated blood Pb concentrations and reduced immunization rates against hepatitis B. Individuals with a positive HBsAg exhibit lower blood Se concentrations and higher blood Hg and Mn concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinpeng Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Lei Bi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Lu Han
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, Chengdu, 610000, China.
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7
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Rodríguez-García A, Mennesson N, Hernandez-Ibarburu G, Morales ML, Garderet L, Bouchereau L, Allain-Maillet S, Piver E, Marbán I, Rubio D, Bigot-Corbel E, Martínez-López J, Linares M, Hermouet S. Impact of viral hepatitis therapy in multiple myeloma and other monoclonal gammopathies linked to hepatitis B or C viruses. Haematologica 2024; 109:272-282. [PMID: 37199121 PMCID: PMC10772493 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2023.283096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Subsets of multiple myeloma (MM) and monoclonal gammopathies of undetermined significance (MGUS) present with a monoclonal immunoglobulin specific for hepatitis C virus (HCV), thus are presumably HCV-driven, and antiviral treatment can lead to the disappearance of antigen stimulation and improved control of clonal plasma cells. Here we studied the role of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in the pathogenesis of MGUS and MM in 45 HBV-infected patients with monoclonal gammopathy. We analyzed the specificity of recognition of the monoclonal immunoglobulin of these patients and validated the efficacy of antiviral treatment (AVT). For 18 of 45 (40%) HBV-infected patients, the target of the monoclonal immunoglobulin was identified: the most frequent target was HBV (n=11), followed by other infectious pathogens (n=6) and glucosylsphingosine (n=1). Two patients whose monoclonal immunoglobulin targeted HBV (HBx and HBcAg), implying that their gammopathy was HBV-driven, received AVT and the gammopathy did not progress. AVT efficacy was then investigated in a large cohort of HBV-infected MM patients (n=1367) who received or did not receive anti-HBV treatments and compared to a cohort of HCV-infected MM patients (n=1220). AVT significantly improved patient probability of overall survival (P=0.016 for the HBV-positive cohort, P=0.005 for the HCV-positive cohort). Altogether, MGUS and MM disease can be HBV- or HCV-driven in infected patients, and the study demonstrates the importance of AVT in such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Rodríguez-García
- Department of Translational Hematology, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Hematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit H120-CNIO, CIBERONC, ES 28041, Madrid
| | - Nicolas Mennesson
- Nantes Université, INSERM, Immunology and New Concepts in ImmunoTherapy, INCIT, UMR 1302, F-44000 Nantes
| | - Gema Hernandez-Ibarburu
- Biomedical Informatics Group, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; TriNetX LLC, Madrid
| | - María Luz Morales
- Department of Translational Hematology, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Hematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit H120-CNIO, CIBERONC, ES 28041, Madrid
| | - Laurent Garderet
- Sorbonne Université-INSERM, UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine-Team Hematopoietic and leukemic development, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié Salpetrière, Département d'Hématologie et de Thérapie Cellulaire, F-75013 Paris
| | - Lorine Bouchereau
- Nantes Université, INSERM, Immunology and New Concepts in ImmunoTherapy, INCIT, UMR 1302, F-44000 Nantes
| | - Sophie Allain-Maillet
- Nantes Université, INSERM, Immunology and New Concepts in ImmunoTherapy, INCIT, UMR 1302, F-44000 Nantes
| | - Eric Piver
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHU Tours, Tours, France; Inserm UMR1253, MAVIVH Tours
| | - Irene Marbán
- Biomedical Informatics Group, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid
| | - David Rubio
- Biomedical Informatics Group, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; TriNetX LLC, Madrid
| | - Edith Bigot-Corbel
- Nantes Université, INSERM, Immunology and New Concepts in ImmunoTherapy, INCIT, UMR 1302, F-44000 Nantes, France; Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHU Nantes, F-44000, Nantes
| | - Joaquín Martínez-López
- Department of Translational Hematology, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Hematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit H120-CNIO, CIBERONC, ES 28041, Madrid, Spain; Department of Medicine, Medicine School, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, ES 28040, Madrid
| | - María Linares
- Department of Translational Hematology, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Hematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit H120-CNIO, CIBERONC, ES 28041, Madrid, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pharmacy School, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, ES 28040, Madrid.
| | - Sylvie Hermouet
- Nantes Université, INSERM, Immunology and New Concepts in ImmunoTherapy, INCIT, UMR 1302, F-44000 Nantes, France; Laboratoire d'Hématologie, CHU Nantes, F-44000, Nantes.
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8
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Camara M, Tantuoyir MM, SeyedAlinaghi S, Ghiasvand F, Ahmadinejad Z. Prevalence of hepatitis B infection in the Gambian population: A narrative review of recent developments. Prev Med Rep 2023; 36:102401. [PMID: 37719791 PMCID: PMC10500481 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B is a "silent epidemic", fifty to a hundred (50-100) times more infectious than HIV, a potentially life-threatening liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). HBV can cause acute and chronic infection and subsequently results in a high risk of death from cirrhosis and liver cancer. Despite the availability of a safe and effective vaccine, HBV continues to be a global burden including in The Gambia. This study reviewed the recent trends in the epidemiological characteristics of HBV in the Gambia. The researchers conducted an online literature search for primary studies on HBV prevalence published in the past two decades from Jan 1992 to Feb 2022 inclusive on Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus. All retrieved studies were assessed for eligibility according to specific inclusion/exclusion criteria, data completeness, and methodological coherence. We found that HBV infection prevalence is above 8% in The Gambia. Moreover, HBV is the most common cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Gambia. Liver cirrhosis and HCC have the highest mortality contribution among hepatitis patients, with occult HBV carriers as major culprits. Also, vaccination coverage has declined from 91% to 88% according to reports from current literature. To achieve the WHO goal of eliminating HBV by 2030, policies targeting infection transmission control among risk groups, community awareness programs, research, price reduction of drugs, mass vaccinations, and diagnostics should be urgently instituted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Camara
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Edward Francis Small Teaching Hospital, Banjul, the Gambia
| | - Marcarious M. Tantuoyir
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - SeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghi
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Ghiasvand
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Ahmadinejad
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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9
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Mizushima D, Gatanaga H, Oka S. Reply: Effect of tenofovir-based HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis against HBV infection in men who have sex with men. Hepatology 2023; 78:E98. [PMID: 37560991 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Mizushima
- National Center for Global Health and Medicine/AIDS Clinical Center, Tokyo, Japan
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10
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Duan Z, Dong J, Liu Y, Zhou H, Duan S, Liu W, Liang R, Ding Y. Awareness of HBV Functional Cure and Attitude Toward Related Clinical Trials Among Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B in China. Patient Prefer Adherence 2023; 17:2063-2072. [PMID: 37636489 PMCID: PMC10460183 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s422916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose HBV functional cure is an optimal treatment goal for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) at present and numerous new drugs aiming for HBV functional cure are in development. We carried out an internet-based survey to understand the treatment status, unmet needs, awareness of HBV functional cure and attitude toward related clinical trials among CHB patients in China. Patients and Methods An internet-based anonymous survey was conducted on CHB patients who reside in mainland China. Determinants of awareness and attitude were identified by logistic regression models. Results Of the 1220 CHB patients who completed the survey questionnaire, 11.1% (135/1220) were aware of HBV functional cure and 50.2% (612/1220) answered "definitely will" to participate in related clinical trials. Participants who knew their HBsAg level (HBsAg<1500 IU/mL: OR=3.03, 95% CI: 1.87-4.92; HBsAg≥1500 IU/mL: OR=2.57, 95% CI: 1.35-4.88), who expected to achieve HBsAg loss with treatment (OR=1.63, 95% CI: 1.07-2.50) and who were dissatisfied with current treatment due to the failure of achieving HBsAg loss (OR=1.67, 95% CI: 1.10-2.53) had better awareness of HBV functional cure. Participants who had HBsAg level less than 1500 IU/mL (OR=1.45, 95% CI: 1.05-1.99), treatment with pegylated interferon alpha with or without nucleos(t)ide (OR=1.68, 95% CI: 1.11-2.53) and better awareness of HBV functional cure (OR=1.62, 95% CI: 1.01-2.61) were more likely to say "definitely will" to participate in related clinical trials. Conclusion Chinese CHB patients reported a low awareness of HBV functional cure. Although CHB patients in China reported a low rate of HBV functional cure awareness, they had a high acceptance of related clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongping Duan
- Fourth Department of Hepatology Center, Beijing You’an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinling Dong
- Fourth Department of Hepatology Center, Beijing You’an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Liu
- iGandan, the Portal for All Liver Disease Caring, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiyang Zhou
- iGandan, the Portal for All Liver Disease Caring, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuli Duan
- iGandan, the Portal for All Liver Disease Caring, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weihong Liu
- Brii Biosciences Inc., Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rico Liang
- Brii Biosciences Inc., Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Ding
- Brii Biosciences Inc., Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Azzam A, Khaled H, El-Kayal ES, Gad FA, Omar S. Prevalence of occult hepatitis B virus infection in Egypt: a systematic review with meta-analysis. J Egypt Public Health Assoc 2023; 98:13. [PMID: 37491501 PMCID: PMC10368600 DOI: 10.1186/s42506-023-00138-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (OBI) is a major public health problem. The clinical importance of OBI stems from the fact that it can be transmitted to healthy individuals at extremely low viral load levels. Additionally, immunosuppression has the potential to trigger viral replication, which can result in life-threatening liver decompensation. Despite several studies examining the prevalence of OBI, the pooled prevalence of OBI in Egypt remains unknown, particularly among blood donors and high-risk individuals, to whom intervention should be targeted. METHODS A comprehensive literature search of the following databases was conducted from inception to October 2022 using the following keywords: occult hepatitis B virus infection or occult HBV infection or OBI and Egypt in MEDLINE [PubMed], Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science. The review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Statement. I-squared and Cochran's Q were used to measure the heterogeneity between the studies, and based on the random effects model, results were reported as proportions (%) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Analyses of subgroup analyses were conducted based on the target population. Sensitivity analyses were conducted using the leave-one-out approach to test the robustness of the results. RESULTS A total of 50 studies with 62 estimations of OBI were included, 19 in patients who were HBsAg-negative and anti-HBc-positive and 43 in patients who were HBsAg-negative. The highest prevalence (41%) was among multi-transfused patients according to studies that report occult hepatitis B virus prevalence in an HBsAg-negative population, while the pooled prevalence of OBI among patients on hemodialysis, patients with chronic hepatitis C infection, patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and patients with liver cirrhosis was 17%, 10%, 24%, and 13%, respectively. On the other hand, among studies that report OBI prevalence in HBsAg-negative and anti-HBc-positive individuals, the pooled prevalence of OBI among blood donors, patients with chronic hepatitis C infection, and patients with HCC was 12%, 15%, and 31%, respectively. Also, the majority of studies examining the genetic background of OBI have found that genotype D is the most prevalent. CONCLUSION This study highlights the high prevalence in OBI among blood donors and high-risk populations in Egypt. The implementation of HBV nucleic acid amplification testing (NAT) may increase the safety of blood transfusions by excluding all HBV DNA-positive donations. However, the cost-effectiveness of these tests should be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Azzam
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Heba Khaled
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Esraa S El-Kayal
- Biotechnology Program, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Fathy A Gad
- Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sarah Omar
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Aden University, Aden, Yemen
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Osmani Z, Boonstra A. Recent Insights into the Role of B Cells in Chronic Hepatitis B and C Infections. Pathogens 2023; 12:815. [PMID: 37375505 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12060815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic viral hepatitis infections, caused by the hepatitis B or C virus, are a major global health problem causing an estimated one million deaths each year. Immunological studies have classically focused on T cells, while B cells have largely been neglected. Emerging evidence, however, highlights a role for B cells in the immunopathogenesis of chronic hepatitis B and C infections. B cell responses appear to be altered across different clinical phases of chronic HBV infection and across stages of disease in chronic HCV infection. These B cell responses show signs of a more activated state with a simultaneous enrichment of phenotypically exhausted atypical memory B cells. Despite the fact that studies show an activating B cell signature in chronic viral hepatitis infection, antibody responses to HBsAg remain impaired in chronic HBV infection, and glycoprotein E2-specific neutralizing antibody responses remain delayed in the acute phase of HCV infection. At the same time, studies have reported that a subset of HBV- and HCV-specific B cells exhibit an exhausted phenotype. This may, at least in part, explain why antibody responses in chronic HBV and HCV patients are suboptimal. Here, we summarize recent findings and discuss upcoming research questions while looking forward to how new single-cell technologies could provide novel insights into the role of B cells in chronic viral hepatitis infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zgjim Osmani
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andre Boonstra
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Miao L, Cao L, Wang G. Efficacy evaluation of direct antiviral drugs against hepatitis B virus in improving the degree of liver fibrosis. Cent Eur J Immunol 2023; 48:126-134. [PMID: 37692030 PMCID: PMC10485686 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2023.127621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The aim of the study was to find an ideal index reflecting inflammation and fibrosis for patients after antiviral treatment, and compare it with imaging examination (liver stiffness measurement - LSM) and traditional liver fibrosis models (APRI and FIB-4). Material and methods A total of 77 chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients who achieved a sustained virological response (SVR) after entecavir (ETV) treatment were included, and the changes of various clinical indicators before and after treatment were compared. Results After 78 weeks of ETV treatment, WBC and PLT of 77 patients were significantly increased, while ALT, AST and total bilirubin were significantly decreased (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in serum creatinine (Cr) or blood urea nitrogen (BUN) compared to the values before treatment (p > 0.05). The three non-invasive liver fibrosis indexes, namely, LSM, APRI and FIB-4, were significantly decreased in 77 patients compared to the values before treatment (p < 0.001). Conclusions Acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI), fibrosis-4 (FIB-4), aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI) have a high consistency with the grading of liver fibrosis, and can be used to evaluate the severity of liver fibrosis. Among them, ARFI has good diagnostic value for the classification of different degrees of liver fibrosis and the best diagnostic accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Miao
- Peking University First Hospital, China
- The Third Hospital of Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Lihua Cao
- The Third Hospital of Qinhuangdao, China
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Tsai HJ, Wu MJ, Chen CH, Yang SS, Huang YH, Chang YZ, Chang HR, Lee TY. Risk Stratification for Hepatitis B Virus Reactivation in Kidney Transplant Recipients With Resolved HBV Infection. Transpl Int 2023; 36:11122. [PMID: 37125384 PMCID: PMC10134034 DOI: 10.3389/ti.2023.11122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The prophylaxis strategy for hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) with resolved HBV infection remains unclear. In this hospital-based retrospective cohort study, consecutive KTRs with resolved HBV infection were screened from the years 2000 through 2020. After excluding confounding conditions, 212 and 45 patients were respectively recruited into Anti-HBs positive and Anti-HBs negative groups. Cumulative incidences of, and subdistribution hazard ratios (SHRs) for HBV reactivation were analyzed after adjusting the competing risk. During a median 8.3 (mean 8.4 ± 4.9) years of follow-up, the 10-year cumulative incidence of HBV reactivation was significantly higher in Anti-HBs negative group when compared to that in Anti-HBs positive group (15.2%, 95% CI: 3.6-26.7 vs. 1.3%, 95% CI: 0.0-3.0; p < 0.001). In multivariable regression analysis, absence of anti-HBs (SHR 14.2, 95% CI: 3.09-65.2; p < 0.001) and use of high-dose steroids, i.e., steroid dose ≥20 mg/day of prednisolone equivalent over 4 weeks (SHR 8.96, 95% CI: 1.05-76.2; p = 0.045) were independent risk factors related to HBV reactivation. Accordingly, the 10-year cumulative incidence of HBV reactivation occurring in patients with two, one and zero risk factors was 42.7% (95% CI: 0.0-87.1), 7.9% (95% CI: 1.2-14.7) and 0%, respectively (p < 0.001). In conclusion, the strategy of HBV antiviral prophylaxis may be defined according to the risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Ju Tsai
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ju Wu
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsu Chen
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Shun Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsiang Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Zin Chang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Drug Testing Center, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Rong Chang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Horng-Rong Chang, ; Teng-Yu Lee,
| | - Teng-Yu Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Horng-Rong Chang, ; Teng-Yu Lee,
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Zaltron S, Cambianica A, Di Gregorio M, Colangelo C, Storti S, Tiecco G, Castelli F, Quiros-Roldan E. Case report: An occult hepatitis B virus infection reactivation in an HIV/HCV coinfected patient during an immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1143346. [PMID: 37124041 PMCID: PMC10145166 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1143346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The natural history of occult hepatitis B virus infection (OBI) and the mechanism involved in HBV reactivation are only partially understood. As regards people living with HIV (PLWH), HBV reactivation is estimated to occur with an incidence ratio of 0.019 cases per 100 person-year. Here we report the case of OBI reactivation in a HIV/HCV co-infected patient followed for 25 years at our Infectious Diseases Unit, but, unfortunately, lost to follow-up about 19 months after Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) treatment. At re-engagement, blood tests showed high replication of plasmatic HIV-RNA along with severe immunosuppression and normal levels of liver enzymes. However, 3 months after ART reintroduction, an immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) was diagnosed with high detectable HBV-DNA load and transaminase elevation. Our case report shows how the balance between the virus and the host immune system is quite a dynamic process that might significantly impact the course of the disease. The aim of this case report is to bring to the attention of physicians that, although OBI reactivation is a rather rare occurrence, even amongst PLWH, its potential consequences compel to a high alertness on the matter. Therefore, especially in patients with an impaired immune system and on a tenofovir or lamivudine-sparing regimen, HBV serological and virological markers should always be strictly monitored, even in the absence of a hepatitis flare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Zaltron
- Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Anna Cambianica
- Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia and University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Di Gregorio
- Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia and University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Cosimo Colangelo
- Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia and University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Samuele Storti
- Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia and University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giorgio Tiecco
- Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia and University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesco Castelli
- Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia and University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Eugenia Quiros-Roldan
- Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia and University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- *Correspondence: Eugenia Quiros-Roldan,
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Niedziela N, Zimnol A, Lubczyński M, Szymbara P, Kubicka-Bączyk K, Jaroszewicz J, Adamczyk-Sowa M. OCRELIZUMAB THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH ANTI-HBC ANTIBODIES - A PRELIMINARY STUDY. POLSKI MERKURIUSZ LEKARSKI : ORGAN POLSKIEGO TOWARZYSTWA LEKARSKIEGO 2023; 51:189-193. [PMID: 37589101 DOI: 10.36740/merkur202303101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aim: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory neurodegenerative disease resulting in cognitive impairment, physical disabilities, and neurological symptoms. Ocrelizumab is an effective drug used in MS treatment. However, it causes a risk of hepatitis B reactivation in anti-HBc positive patients. We describe the impact of entecavir and tenofovir on HBV reactivation during treatment with ocrelizumab. PATIENTS AND METHODS Materials and methods: Our study included eight patients (aged 18-70 years) with positive anti-HBc antibodies who were diagnosed with MS based on the 2017 McDonald criteria. The subjects were treated with ocrelizumab and were given anti-HBV prophylaxis with nucleoside analogs. The mean time from the beginning of therapy with nucleoside analogs to the initiation of ocrelizumab treatment was 27.5 days. Patients were administered ocrelizumab and none of them was diagnosed with HBV reactivation. RESULTS Results: None of the laboratory parameters worsened. No severe adverse effects were observed. These results suggest that entecavir and tenofovir are effective in HBV reactivation prophylaxis. Additionally, positive anti-HBc antibodies do not rule out treatment with ocrelizumab. CONCLUSION Conclusions: In patients with positive anti-HBc antibodies, nucleoside analogs, such as entecavir or tenofovir, should be administered before ocrelizumab administration to reduce the risk of viral reactivation. Further studies on simultaneous treatment with ocrelizumab and nucleoside analogs are required to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Niedziela
- DEPARTMENT OF NEUROLOGY FACULTY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES IN ZABRZE, MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF SILESIA, ZABRZE, POLAND
| | - Alicja Zimnol
- DEPARTMENT OF NEUROLOGY FACULTY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES IN ZABRZE, MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF SILESIA, ZABRZE, POLAND
| | - Michał Lubczyński
- DEPARTMENT OF NEUROLOGY FACULTY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES IN ZABRZE, MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF SILESIA, ZABRZE, POLAND
| | - Piotr Szymbara
- DEPARTMENT OF NEUROLOGY FACULTY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES IN ZABRZE, MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF SILESIA, ZABRZE, POLAND
| | - Katarzyna Kubicka-Bączyk
- DEPARTMENT OF NEUROLOGY FACULTY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES IN ZABRZE, MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF SILESIA, ZABRZE, POLAND
| | - Jerzy Jaroszewicz
- DEPARTMENT OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND HEPATOLOGY, MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF SILESIA, ZABRZE, POLAND
| | - Monika Adamczyk-Sowa
- DEPARTMENT OF NEUROLOGY FACULTY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES IN ZABRZE, MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF SILESIA, ZABRZE, POLAND
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Low Risk of Occult Hepatitis B Infection among Vietnamese Blood Donors. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11121524. [PMID: 36558858 PMCID: PMC9786887 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11121524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Occult hepatitis B infection (OBI) is characterized by the presence of low levels of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA and undetectable HBsAg in the blood. The prevalence of OBI in blood donors in Asia ranges from 0.013% (China) to 10.9% (Laos), with no data available from Vietnam so far. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of OBI among Vietnamese blood donors. A total of 623 (114 women and 509 men) HBsAg-negative blood donors were screened for anti-HBc and anti-HBs by ELISA assays. In addition, DNA from sera was isolated and nested PCR was performed for the HBV surface gene (S); a fragment of the S gene was then sequenced in positive samples. The results revealed that 39% (n = 242) of blood donors were positive for anti-HBc, and 70% (n = 434) were positive for anti-HBs, with 36% (n = 223) being positive for both anti-HBc and anti-HBs. In addition, 3% of blood donors (n = 19) were positive for anti-HBc only, and 34% (n = 211) had only anti-HBs as serological marker. A total of 27% (n = 170) were seronegative for any marker. Two of the blood donors (0.3%) were OBI-positive and sequencing revealed that HBV sequences belonged to HBV genotype B, which is the predominant genotype in Vietnam.
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Pollicino T. Global burden of occult hepatitis B virus infection: where we are and what to do. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 7:899-900. [DOI: 10.1016/s2468-1253(22)00238-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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