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Deluca A, Wagner A, Heimel P, Deininger C, Wichlas F, Redl H, Rohde E, Tempfer H, Gimona M, Traweger A. Synergistic effect of umbilical cord extracellular vesicles and rhBMP-2 to enhance the regeneration of a metaphyseal femoral defect in osteoporotic rats. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:144. [PMID: 38764077 PMCID: PMC11103988 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03755-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate potential synergistic effects of a single, local application of human umbilical cord MSC-derived sEVs in combination with a low dose of recombinant human rhBMP-2 to promote the regeneration of a metaphyseal femoral defect in an osteoporotic rat model. METHODS 6 weeks after induction of osteoporosis by bilateral ventral ovariectomy and administration of a special diet, a total of 64 rats underwent a distal femoral metaphyseal osteotomy using a manual Gigli wire saw. Defects were stabilized with an adapted Y-shaped mini-locking plate and were subsequently treated with alginate only, or alginate loaded with hUC-MSC-sEVs (2 × 109), rhBMP-2 (1.5 µg), or a combination of sEVs and rhBMP-2 (n = 16 for each group). 6 weeks post-surgery, femora were evaluated by µCT, descriptive histology, and biomechanical testing. RESULTS Native radiographs and µCT analysis confirmed superior bony union with callus formation after treatment with hUC-MSC-sEVs in combination with a low dose of rhBMP-2. This finding was further substantiated by histology, showing robust defect consolidation 6 weeks after treatment. Torsion testing of the explanted femora revealed increased stiffness after application of both, rhBMP-2 alone, or in combination with sEVs, whereas torque was only significantly increased after treatment with rhBMP-2 together with sEVs. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrates that the co-application of hUC-MSC-sEVs can improve the efficacy of rhBMP-2 to promote the regeneration of osteoporotic bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelie Deluca
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Salzburg, 5020, Austria.
- Department of Traumatology, KABEG-Klinikum Klagenfurt am Woerthersee, Klagenfurt, 9020, Austria.
| | - Andrea Wagner
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Salzburg, 5020, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, 1200, Austria
| | - Patrick Heimel
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, 1200, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Centre in Cooperation with AUVA, Vienna, 1200, Austria
| | - Christian Deininger
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Salzburg, 5020, Austria
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Salzburg University Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, 5020, Austria
| | - Florian Wichlas
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Salzburg University Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, 5020, Austria
| | - Heinz Redl
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, 1200, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Centre in Cooperation with AUVA, Vienna, 1200, Austria
| | - Eva Rohde
- GMP Unit, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Centre Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Salzburger Landeskliniken GesmbH, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Herbert Tempfer
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Salzburg, 5020, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, 1200, Austria
| | - Mario Gimona
- GMP Unit, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Centre Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Research Program "Nanovesicular Therapies", Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Andreas Traweger
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Salzburg, 5020, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, 1200, Austria
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Breulmann FL, Hatt LP, Schmitz B, Wehrle E, Richards RG, Della Bella E, Stoddart MJ. Prognostic and therapeutic potential of microRNAs for fracture healing processes and non-union fractures: A systematic review. Clin Transl Med 2023; 13:e1161. [PMID: 36629031 PMCID: PMC9832434 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 10% of all bone fractures result in delayed fracture healing or non-union; thus, the identification of biomarkers and prognostic factors is of great clinical interest. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known to be involved in the regulation of the bone healing process and may serve as functional markers for fracture healing. AIMS AND METHODS This systematic review aimed to identify common miRNAs involved in fracture healing or non-union fractures using a qualitative approach. A systematic literature search was performed with the keywords 'miRNA and fracture healing' and 'miRNA and non-union fracture'. Any original article investigating miRNAs in fracture healing or non-union fractures was screened. Eventually, 82 studies were included in the qualitative analysis for 'miRNA and fracture healing', while 19 were selected for the 'miRNA and fracture non-union' category. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Out of 151 miRNAs, miR-21, miR-140 and miR-214 were the most investigated miRNAs in fracture healing in general. miR-31-5p, miR-221 and miR-451-5p were identified to be regulated specifically in non-union fractures. Large heterogeneity was detected between studies investigating the role of miRNAs in fracture healing or non-union in terms of patient population, sample types and models used. Nonetheless, our approach identified some miRNAs with the potential to serve as biomarkers for non-union fractures, including miR-31-5p, miR-221 and miR-451-5p. We provide a discussion of involved pathways and suggest on alignment of future research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Lioba Breulmann
- AO Research Institute DavosDavos PlatzSwitzerland
- Department of Orthopedic Sports MedicineKlinikum Rechts der IsarTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Luan Phelipe Hatt
- AO Research Institute DavosDavos PlatzSwitzerland
- Institute for BiomechanicsETH ZürichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Boris Schmitz
- Department of Rehabilitation SciencesFaculty of HealthUniversity of Witten/HerdeckeWittenGermany
- DRV Clinic KönigsfeldCenter for Medical RehabilitationEnnepetalGermany
| | - Esther Wehrle
- AO Research Institute DavosDavos PlatzSwitzerland
- Institute for BiomechanicsETH ZürichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Robert Geoff Richards
- AO Research Institute DavosDavos PlatzSwitzerland
- Faculty of MedicineMedical Center‐Albert‐Ludwigs‐University of FreiburgAlbert‐Ludwigs‐University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | | | - Martin James Stoddart
- AO Research Institute DavosDavos PlatzSwitzerland
- Faculty of MedicineMedical Center‐Albert‐Ludwigs‐University of FreiburgAlbert‐Ludwigs‐University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
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Schoonraad SA, Trombold ML, Bryant SJ. The Effects of Stably Tethered BMP-2 on MC3T3-E1 Preosteoblasts Encapsulated in a PEG Hydrogel. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:1065-1079. [PMID: 33555180 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) is a clinically used osteoinductive growth factor. With a short half-life and side effects, alternative delivery approaches are needed. This work examines thiolation of BMP-2 for chemical attachment to a poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogel using thiol-norbornene click chemistry. BMP-2 retained bioactivity post-thiolation and was successfully tethered into the hydrogel. To assess tethered BMP-2 on osteogenesis, MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts were encapsulated in matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-sensitive hydrogels containing RGD and either no BMP-2, soluble BMP-2 (5 nM), or tethered BMP-2 (40-200 nM) and cultured in a chemically defined medium containing dexamethasone for 7 days. The hydrogel culture supported MC3T3-E1 osteogenesis regardless of BMP-2 presentation, but tethered BMP-2 augmented the osteogenic response, leading to significant increases in osteomarkers, Bglap and Ibsp. The ratio, Ibsp-to-Dmp1, highlighted differences in the extent of differentiation, revealing that without BMP-2, MC3T3-E1 cells showed a higher expression of Dmp1 (low ratio), but an equivalent expression with tethered BMP-2 and more abundant bone sialoprotein. In addition, this work identified that dexamethasone contributed to Ibsp expression but not Bglap or Dmp1 and confirmed that tethered BMP-2 induced the BMP canonical signaling pathway. This work presents an effective method for the modification and incorporation of BMP-2 into hydrogels to enhance osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Schoonraad
- Materials Science & Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Michael L Trombold
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Stephanie J Bryant
- Materials Science & Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States.,Biofrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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Longitudinal Bone Growth Stimulating Effect of Allium macrostemon in Adolescent Female Rats. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225449. [PMID: 33233332 PMCID: PMC7700597 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Allium macrostemon (AM) may affect bone growth by regulating bone formation and resorption. To examine the effect of AM on bone growth, 48 rats were divided into four administration groups in which either distilled water, AM (100 and 300 mg/kg), or recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH; 20 μg/kg) was administered for 10 days. On day 9, all animals were intraperitoneally injected with tetracycline hydrochloride (20 mg/kg), and 48 h after the injection, the rats were sacrificed. Their tibial sections were photographed to measure bone growth. Antigen-specific immunohistochemistry was performed to detect insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2). The food intake of the AM 100 mg/kg group was higher; however, the food intake of the AM 300 mg/kg group was less than that of the control group. The rhGH and AM 100 mg/kg groups showed greater rates of bone growth (359.0 ± 23.7 and 373.1 ± 28.0 μm/day, respectively) compared with the control group. IGF-1 and BMP-2 in the AM and rhGH groups were highly expressed. Indigestion at higher doses of AM led to nonsignificant bone growth in spite of increased IGF-1 and BMP-2 expression. Therefore, a suitable amount of AM could increase bone growth.
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Lee EJ, Jain M, Alimperti S. Bone Microvasculature: Stimulus for Tissue Function and Regeneration. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2020; 27:313-329. [PMID: 32940150 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2020.0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bone is a highly vascularized organ, providing structural support to the body, and its development, regeneration, and remodeling depend on the microvascular homeostasis. Loss or impairment of vascular function can develop diseases, such as large bone defects, avascular necrosis, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and osteopetrosis. In this review, we summarize how vasculature controls bone development and homeostasis in normal and disease cases. A better understanding of this process will facilitate the development of novel disease treatments that promote bone regeneration and remodeling. Specifically, approaches based on tissue engineering components, such as stem cells and growth factors, have demonstrated the capacity to induce bone microvasculature regeneration and mineralization. This knowledge will have relevant clinical implications for the treatment of bone disorders by developing novel pharmaceutical approaches and bone grafts. Finally, the tissue engineering approaches incorporating vascular components may widely be applied to treat other organ diseases by enhancing their regeneration capacity. Impact statement Bone vasculature is imperative in the process of bone development, regeneration, and remodeling. Alterations or disruption of the bone vasculature leads to loss of bone homeostasis and the development of bone diseases. In this study, we review the role of vasculature on bone diseases and how vascular tissue engineering strategies, with a detailed emphasis on the role of stem cells and growth factors, will contribute to bone therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jin Lee
- American Dental Association Science and Research Institute, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Mahim Jain
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Stella Alimperti
- American Dental Association Science and Research Institute, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
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Konar M, Sahoo H. Tyrosine mediated conformational change in bone morphogenetic protein – 2: Biophysical implications of protein – phytoestrogen interaction. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 150:727-736. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Reconstruction of Bone Defect Combined with Massive Loss of Periosteum Using Injectable Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Biocompatible Ceramic Scaffolds in a Porcine Animal Model. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:6832952. [PMID: 31871469 PMCID: PMC6906857 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6832952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinically, in patients who sustain severe open fractures, there is not only a segmental bone defect needed to be reconstructed but also insufficient healing capacity due to concomitant damages to the periosteum and surrounding soft tissues. For studying the reconstruction of bone defects associated with massive loss of periosteum and surrounding soft tissues, there are no well-established preclinical models in large animals in the literature. The purpose of the study was to generate a large animal model of bone defect with massive periosteum loss and to adopt a tissue engineering approach to achieve rapid bony union with stem cells and biomaterials. In this study, a bone defect with massive periosteum stripping was generated in pigs, which was followed by emptying nearby canal marrow including fat and cancellous bone. The stripped periosteum was a mimic to the situation in the Gustilo type 3 open fractures. Bone defects were then reconstructed by impacting the biocompatible ceramic scaffold, morselized tricalcium phosphate (TCP) loaded with human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Radiological and pathological assessments indicated that TCP and hMSCs synergistically promoted bone healing with increased lamination and ingrowth of vessels. Both bridging periosteum formation and gap filling were induced rapidly. In conclusion, a porcine model of segmental bone loss with damage of surrounding periosteum was created. Reconstruction of such defects with hMSCs and TCP achieved rapid union of bone defects associated with massive periosteal stripping.
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Jadai R, Venna N, Ajumeera R, Challa S. Isoflavones rich cowpea and vitamin D induces the proliferation and differentiation of human osteoblasts via BMP‐2/Smad pathway activation: Mechanistic approach. IUBMB Life 2019; 71:1794-1805. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.2127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rishika Jadai
- Cell and Molecular Biology Division, National Institute of NutritionIndian Council of Medical Research, Tarnaka, Hyderabad‐500007 Telangana India
| | - Naresh Venna
- Cell and Molecular Biology Division, National Institute of NutritionIndian Council of Medical Research, Tarnaka, Hyderabad‐500007 Telangana India
| | - Rajanna Ajumeera
- Cell and Molecular Biology Division, National Institute of NutritionIndian Council of Medical Research, Tarnaka, Hyderabad‐500007 Telangana India
| | - Suresh Challa
- Cell and Molecular Biology Division, National Institute of NutritionIndian Council of Medical Research, Tarnaka, Hyderabad‐500007 Telangana India
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Abstract
Tendons connect muscle to bone and play an integral role in bone and joint alignment and loading. Tendons act as pulleys that provide anchorage of muscle forces for joint motion and stability, as well as for fracture reduction and realignment. Patients that experience complex fractures also have concomitant soft tissue injuries, such as tendon damage or rupture. Tendon injuries that occur at the time of bone fracture have long-term ramifications on musculoskeletal health, yet these injuries are often disregarded in clinical treatment and diagnosis for patients with bone fractures as well as in basic science approaches for understanding bone repair processes. Delayed assessment of soft tissue injuries during evaluation of trauma can lead to chronic pain, dysfunction, and delayed bone healing even following successful fracture repair, highlighting the importance of identifying and treating damaged tendons early. Treatment strategies for bone repair, such as mechanical stabilization and biological therapeutics, can impact tendon healing and function. Because poor tendon healing following complex fracture can significantly impact the function of tendon during bone fracture healing, a need exists to understand the healing process of complex fractures more broadly, beyond the healing of bone. In this review, we explored the mechanical and biological interaction of bone and tendon in the context of complex fracture, as well as the relevance and potential ramifications of tendon damage following bone fracture, which has particular impact on patients that experience complex fractures, such as from combat, automobile accidents, and other trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Ganji
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716
| | - Megan L. Killian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716
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Anouz R, Repanas A, Schwarz E, Groth T. Novel Surface Coatings Using Oxidized Glycosaminoglycans as Delivery Systems of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 (BMP‐2) for Bone Regeneration. Macromol Biosci 2018; 18:e1800283. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201800283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reema Anouz
- Department of Biomedical MaterialsMartin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg Heinrich‐Damerow‐Strasse 4 06120 Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Alexandros Repanas
- Department of Biomedical MaterialsMartin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg Heinrich‐Damerow‐Strasse 4 06120 Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Elisabeth Schwarz
- Institute of PharmacyMartin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg Wolfgang‐Langenbeck‐Strasse 4 06120 Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Thomas Groth
- Department of Biomedical MaterialsMartin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg Heinrich‐Damerow‐Strasse 4 06120 Halle (Saale) Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center of Material Research and Interdisciplinary Center of Applied ResearchMartin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg 06099 Halle (Saale) Germany
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Wang Q, Zhang H, Gan H, Wang H, Li Q, Wang Z. Application of combined porous tantalum scaffolds loaded with bone morphogenetic protein 7 to repair of osteochondral defect in rabbits<sup/>. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2018; 42:1437-1448. [PMID: 29445961 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-018-3800-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Porous tantalum (PT) has been widely used in orthopaedic applications for low modulus of elasticity, excellent biocompatibility, and the microstructures similar to cancellous bone. In order to improve the biological activity of PT, biologically active factors can be combined with the material. The purpose of this study was to investigate if bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7) modifications could enhance the repairing of cartilage of PT in osteochondral defect in medial femoral condyle of rabbits. METHODS A cylindrical osteochondral defect model was created on the animal medial femoral condyle of and filled as follows: PT modified with BMP-7 for MPT group, non-modified PT for the PT group, while no implants were used for the blank group. The regenerated osteochondral tissue was assessed and analyzed by histological observations at four, eight and 16 weeks post-operation and evaluated in an independent and blinded manner by five different observers using a histological score. Osteochondral and subchondral bone defect repair was assessed by micro-CT scan at 16 weeks post-operation, while the biomechanical test was performed at 16 weeks post-operation. RESULTS Briefly, higher overall histological score was observed in the MPT group compared to PT group. Furthermore, more new osteochondral tissue and bone formed at the interface and inside the inner pores of scaffolds of the MPT group compared to PT group. Additionally, the micro-CT data suggested that the new bone volume fractions and the quantity and quality of trabecular bone, as well as the maximum release force of the bone, were higher in the MPT group compared to PT group. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that the applied modified PT with BMP-7 promotes excellent subchondral bone regeneration and may serve as a novel approach for osteochondral defects repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Experimental Center, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063000, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Joint Surgery 1, The Second Hospital of Tangshan, Tangshan, 063000, China
| | - Hongquan Gan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital, North China University of Science and Technology, No. 73 Jianshe Road, Tangshan, 063000, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Hand Surgery Department, The Second Hospital of Tangshan, Tangshan, 063000, China
| | - Qijia Li
- Experimental Center, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063000, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital, North China University of Science and Technology, No. 73 Jianshe Road, Tangshan, 063000, China.
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Jung HD, Kim SY, Jung HS, Park HS, Jung YS. Immunohistochemical Analysis on Cortex-to-Cortex Healing After Mandibular Vertical Ramus Osteotomy: A Preliminary Study. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017; 76:437.e1-437.e8. [PMID: 29112826 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study analyzed the expression of specific cytokines in the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β superfamily postoperatively after mandibular vertical ramus osteotomy (VRO). MATERIALS AND METHODS Four beagle dogs were enrolled and euthanized at 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks postoperatively for immunohistochemical analysis using 6 specific antibodies (bone morphogenetic protein [BMP]-2/4, BMP-7, TGF-β2, TGF-β3, matrix metalloproteinase-3, and vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF]). The results from the surgical site and control (adjacent area) were compared. RESULTS Generalized upregulation of BMP-2/4 was observed in all healing periods, and the strongest expression of BMP-7 was observed at 1 week postoperatively. The strongest expression of TGF-β2 was observed at 8 weeks with increasing pattern. The strong expression of TGF-β3 was observed at 1 and 4 weeks, with the strongest expression of VEGF at 1 week, with a decreasing pattern. No notable uptake was detected with the 6 specific antibodies in the adjacent bone (control). CONCLUSIONS The absence of internal fixation after VRO led to dynamic healing with a specific expression pattern of BMP-7 and TGF-β2. The anatomic factors, including sufficient preexisting vascularity, led to the earlier expression pattern of VEGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwi-Dong Jung
- Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Oral Science Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Yoon Kim
- Private Practice, McLean, VA; Former Resident, Harvard Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Boston, MA
| | - Han-Sung Jung
- Professor, Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung-Sik Park
- Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Oral Science Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Soo Jung
- Emeritus Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Oral Science Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea.
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Wa Q, He P, Huang S, Zuo J, Li X, Zhu J, Hong S, Lv G, Cai D, Xu D, Zou X, Liu Y. miR-30b regulates chondrogenic differentiation of mouse embryo-derived stem cells by targeting SOX9. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:6131-6137. [PMID: 29285169 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying microRNA (miRNA)-mediated regulation of chondrogenic differentiation. Mouse embryo-derived stem cells C3H10T1/2 were cultured and chondrogenic differentiation was induced using transforming growth factor-β3 (TGF-β3). In addition, miRNA expression profiles were detected via miRNA array analysis, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to verify the differentially expressed miRNAs. Furthermore, bioinformatics software was used to predict the putative targets and the prediction was validated by dual-luciferase reporter assays and western blot analysis. In addition, cell proliferation and glycosaminoglycans were measured by a direct cell count method and alcian blue staining, respectively. Compared with the control group, 86 miRNAs were identified as differentially expressed in TGF-β3-induced cells and the expression levels of 28 miRNAs were increased while the remaining 58 miRNAs exhibited a decline in expression. Amongst the differentially expressed miRNAs, miR-30b expression was observed to have significantly decreased during chondrogenic differentiation. SOX9 is a target gene of miR-30b, and miR-30b inhibits SOX9 expression during chondrogenic differentiation. Furthermore, the alcian blue staining results demonstrated that miR-30b inhibited early chondrogenic differentiation. However, the data of the present study indicated that miR-30b had no influence on C3H10T1/2 cell line proliferation. In conclusion, miR-30b is a key negative regulator of TGF-β3-induced C3H10T1/2 cell chondrogenic differentiation, which functions by directly targeting SOX9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingde Wa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Peiheng He
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Jianwei Zuo
- Department of Sports Medicine, Shenzhen Hospital of Peking University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China
| | - Xing Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Jinsong Zhu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Song Hong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Guoqing Lv
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Dongfeng Cai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Dongliang Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Xuenong Zou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
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Go YY, Kim SE, Cho GJ, Chae SW, Song JJ. Differential effects of amnion and chorion membrane extracts on osteoblast-like cells due to the different growth factor composition of the extracts. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182716. [PMID: 28797129 PMCID: PMC5552222 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human amniotic membrane extracts contain numerous growth factors and bioactive substances. However, osteogenic effects of amnion and chorion membrane extracts (AME and CME, respectively) on osteoblasts are unclear. In this study, we explored the ability of AME and CME to promote the osteogenic differentiation of osteoblast-like MG-63 cells. MG-63 cells were cultured in osteogenic induction medium (OIM) with or without exogenous AME and CME. CME enhanced the osteogenic differentiation of MG-63 cells compared with AME, as indicated by increased mineralization; alkaline phosphatase activity; and mRNA expression of osteogenic marker genes encoding integrin-binding sialoprotein (IBSP), RUNX2, OSTERIX, and osteocalcin (OCN). Interestingly, AME and CME contained different combinations of osteogenesis-related growth factors, including basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGFβ-1), and epidermal growth factor (EGF), which differentially regulated the osteogenic differentiation of MG-63 cells. bFGF and TGFβ-1 present in CME positively regulated the osteogenic differentiation of MG-63 cells, whereas EGF present in AME negatively regulated the differentiation of MG-63 cells. Moreover, exogenous treatment of EGF antagonized CME-induced mineralization of extracellular matrix on MG-63 cells. We compared the osteogenic efficacy of CME with that of BMP2, bFGF, and TGFβ-1 alone or their combinations. We observed that CME greatly enhanced osteogenesis by providing a conductive environment for the differentiation of MG-63 cells. Together, our results indicated that human AME and CME exerted differential effects on osteogenesis because of the presence of different compositions of growth factors. In addition, our results highlighted a new possible strategy of using CME as a biocompatible therapeutic material for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Young Go
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Eun Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rare Diseases Institute, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Geum Joon Cho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Won Chae
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Jun Song
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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15
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A review of computational models of bone fracture healing. Med Biol Eng Comput 2017; 55:1895-1914. [DOI: 10.1007/s11517-017-1701-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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16
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Shi L, Sun W, Gao F, Cheng L, Li Z. Heterotopic ossification related to the use of recombinant human BMP-2 in osteonecrosis of femoral head. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e7413. [PMID: 28682898 PMCID: PMC5502171 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000007413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the wide use of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) in bone defect, its application in treating osteonecrosis of femoral head (ONFH) is yet to be elucidated. The heterotopic ossification (HO) after rhBMP-2 usage in some orthopedic surgeries has been reported previously; however, only a few studies describe this complication in the treatment of ONFH.The present study investigated whether the rhBMP-2 application would increase the risk of HO formation in selected ONFH patients with nonvascularized bone grafting surgery and enhance the surgical results of nonvascularized bone grafting as compared to patients who did not receive intraoperative rhBMP-2.A retrospective analysis was performed on 94 patients (141 hips) who, with Association Research Circulation Osseous (ARCO) stages IIb, IIc, and IIIa ONFH, underwent nonvascularized bone grafting surgery. The first 46 patients (66 hips) received intraoperative rhBMP-2. The postoperative radiographic results (X-ray and CT scan) and Harris hip score (HHS) were reviewed in each patient to record the incidence of HO formation and evaluate the clinical efficacy of rhBMP-2, respectively.HO formation frequently occurred in patients receiving intraoperative rhBMP-2 (8/66 hips) than those not receiving the protein (1/75 hips) (P = .02). HHS improved from preoperatively at the final follow-up (P < .01) in the BMP-positive group, with a survival rate of 83.3%. In the BMP-negative group, the HHS improved from preoperatively at the end of the follow-up (P < .01), and the survival rate was 72.0%.rhBMP-2 has osteoinductive property and might serve as an adjuvant therapy in the surgical treatment of ONFH. However, the incidence of HO formation might increase when used in high doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Shi
- Peking University China–Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine
| | - Wei Sun
- Centre for Osteonecrosis and Joint-Preserving and Reconstruction, China–Japan Friendship Hospital, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Fuqiang Gao
- Centre for Osteonecrosis and Joint-Preserving and Reconstruction, China–Japan Friendship Hospital, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Liming Cheng
- Centre for Osteonecrosis and Joint-Preserving and Reconstruction, China–Japan Friendship Hospital, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Zirong Li
- Centre for Osteonecrosis and Joint-Preserving and Reconstruction, China–Japan Friendship Hospital, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
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17
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Lee CS, Bishop ES, Zhang R, Yu X, Farina EM, Yan S, Zhao C, Zeng Z, Shu Y, Wu X, Lei J, Li Y, Zhang W, Yang C, Wu K, Wu Y, Ho S, Athiviraham A, Lee MJ, Wolf JM, Reid RR, He TC. Adenovirus-Mediated Gene Delivery: Potential Applications for Gene and Cell-Based Therapies in the New Era of Personalized Medicine. Genes Dis 2017; 4:43-63. [PMID: 28944281 PMCID: PMC5609467 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 398] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
With rapid advances in understanding molecular pathogenesis of human diseases in the era of genome sciences and systems biology, it is anticipated that increasing numbers of therapeutic genes or targets will become available for targeted therapies. Despite numerous setbacks, efficacious gene and/or cell-based therapies still hold the great promise to revolutionize the clinical management of human diseases. It is wildly recognized that poor gene delivery is the limiting factor for most in vivo gene therapies. There has been a long-lasting interest in using viral vectors, especially adenoviral vectors, to deliver therapeutic genes for the past two decades. Among all currently available viral vectors, adenovirus is the most efficient gene delivery system in a broad range of cell and tissue types. The applications of adenoviral vectors in gene delivery have greatly increased in number and efficiency since their initial development. In fact, among over 2,000 gene therapy clinical trials approved worldwide since 1989, a significant portion of the trials have utilized adenoviral vectors. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview on the characteristics of adenoviral vectors, including adenoviral biology, approaches to engineering adenoviral vectors, and their applications in clinical and pre-clinical studies with an emphasis in the areas of cancer treatment, vaccination and regenerative medicine. Current challenges and future directions regarding the use of adenoviral vectors are also discussed. It is expected that the continued improvements in adenoviral vectors should provide great opportunities for cell and gene therapies to live up to its enormous potential in personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody S. Lee
- The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Laboratory of Craniofacial Biology and Development, Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Elliot S. Bishop
- Laboratory of Craniofacial Biology and Development, Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Ruyi Zhang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xinyi Yu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Evan M. Farina
- The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Laboratory of Craniofacial Biology and Development, Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Shujuan Yan
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zongyue Zeng
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yi Shu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xingye Wu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jiayan Lei
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yasha Li
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Clinical Diagnostics, The Affiliated Yantai Hospital, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264100, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ke Wu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Sherwin Ho
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Aravind Athiviraham
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Michael J. Lee
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jennifer Moriatis Wolf
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Russell R. Reid
- Laboratory of Craniofacial Biology and Development, Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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18
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Cho SM, Lee SH, Lee D, Lee JH, Chang GT, Kim H, Lee JY. The Korean herbal formulation Yukmijihwangtang stimulates longitudinal bone growth in animal models. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 17:239. [PMID: 28464905 PMCID: PMC5414215 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1651-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Yukmijihwangtang (YJT) is a traditional Korean medicine that has been used to treat kidney-yin deficiency symptoms such as dizziness and tinnitus. In addition, because it is also thought to nourish kidney-yin, it has been used to treat short stature from congenital deficiency. This study evaluated the effects of YJT on longitudinal bone growth in rats. Methods Female adolescent rats were randomly assigned to groups that received distilled water (per os [p.o.] twice a day; control), recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH; 20 μg/kg, subcutaneous [s.c.] once a day), or two different doses of YJT (100 or 300 mg/kg, p.o. twice a day). In each group, treatment was maintained for 4 days. Rats were injected intraperitoneally with 5-bromo-2’-deoxyuridine (BrdU; 50 mg/kg) to label proliferating chondrocytes on days 2 – 4. Tetracycline hydrochloride (20 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally to form fluorescent bands on the growth plates on day 3 for measuring the longitudinal bone growth rate. Expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) in the growth plate was identified using immunohistochemistry. Results There was a significant increase in the rate of bone growth in the 300 mg/kg YJT group (523.8 ± 23.7 μm/day; P < 0.05) compared to the control group (498.0 ± 23.8 μm/day), while the 100 mg/kg YJT group exhibited a non-significant increase. The number of BrdU-positive cells in the chondrocytes of the rhGH-treated group exhibited a significant increase (103.8 ± 34.2 cells/mm2) compared to that of the control group (70.3 ± 19.7 cells/mm2), while the 300 mg/kg YJT group had a non-significant increase. Additionally, IGF-1 and BMP-2 were highly expressed in the growth plate in the 300 mg/kg YJT and rhGH groups. Conclusions YJT increased the longitudinal bone growth rate by stimulating chondrocyte proliferation with increasing increments of local IGF-1 and BMP-2 expression. Based on these findings, YJT may be a therapeutic candidate for the treatment of growth retardation during adolescence.
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19
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Park CG, Joo MW, Jeong J, Kang YK, Lee DR. Evaluation of the effects of the combination of autologous mesenchymal stem cells and platelet-rich plasma on structural bone allograft healing. Cell Tissue Bank 2017; 18:229-238. [DOI: 10.1007/s10561-017-9611-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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20
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Wang T, Zhang X, Bikle DD. Osteogenic Differentiation of Periosteal Cells During Fracture Healing. J Cell Physiol 2016; 232:913-921. [PMID: 27731505 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Five to ten percent of fractures fail to heal normally leading to additional surgery, morbidity, and altered quality of life. Fracture healing involves the coordinated action of stem cells primarily coming from the periosteum which differentiate into the chondrocytes and osteoblasts, forming first the soft (cartilage) callus followed by the hard (bone) callus. These stem cells are accompanied by a vascular invasion that appears critical for the differentiation process and which may enable the entry of osteoclasts necessary for the remodeling of the callus into mature bone. However, more research is needed to clarify the signaling events that activate the osteochondroprogenitor cells of periosteum and stimulate their differentiation into chondrocytes and osteoblasts. Ultimately a thorough understanding of the mechanisms for differential regulation of these osteochondroprogenitors will aid in the treatment of bone healing and the prevention of delayed union and nonunion of fractures. In this review, evidence supporting the concept that the periosteal cells are the major cell sources of skeletal progenitors for the fracture callus will be discussed. The osteogenic differentiation of periosteal cells manipulated by Wnt/β-catenin, TGF/BMP, Ihh/PTHrP, and IGF-1/PI3K-Akt signaling in fracture repair will be examined. The effect of physical (hypoxia and hyperoxia) and chemical factors (reactive oxygen species) as well as the potential coordinated regulatory mechanisms in the periosteal progenitor cells promoting osteogenic differentiation will also be discussed. Understanding the regulation of periosteal osteochondroprogenitors during fracture healing could provide insight into possible therapeutic targets and thereby help to enhance future fracture healing and bone tissue engineering approaches. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 913-921, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York.,Endocrine Unit, VA Medical Center and University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Xinping Zhang
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Daniel D Bikle
- Endocrine Unit, VA Medical Center and University of California, San Francisco, California
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21
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Begam H, Nandi SK, Kundu B, Chanda A. Strategies for delivering bone morphogenetic protein for bone healing. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 70:856-869. [PMID: 27770964 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.09.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are the most significant growth factors that belong to the Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGF-β) super-family. Though more than twenty members of this family have been identified so far in humans, Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved two growth factors: BMP-2 and BMP-7 for treatments of spinal fusion and long-bone fractures with collagen carriers. Currently BMPs are clinically used in spinal fusion, oral and maxillofacial surgery and also in the repair of long bone defects. The efficiency of BMPs depends a lot on the selection of suitable carriers. At present, different types of carrier materials are used: natural and synthetic polymers, calcium phosphate and ceramic-polymer composite materials. Number of research articles has been published on the minute intricacies of the loading process and release kinetics of BMPs. Despite the significant evidence of its potential for bone healing demonstrated in animal models, future clinical investigations are needed to define dose, scaffold and route of administration. The efficacy and application of BMPs in various levels with a proper carrier and dose is yet to be established. The present article collates various aspects of success and limitation and identifies the prospects and challenges associated with the use of BMPs in orthopaedic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howa Begam
- School of Bioscience and Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Samit Kumar Nandi
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Radiology West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata 700037, India.
| | - Biswanath Kundu
- Bioceramics and Coating Division, CSIR-Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Abhijit Chanda
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
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22
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Scarfì S. Use of bone morphogenetic proteins in mesenchymal stem cell stimulation of cartilage and bone repair. World J Stem Cells 2016; 8:1-12. [PMID: 26839636 PMCID: PMC4723717 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v8.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix-associated bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) govern a plethora of biological processes. The BMPs are members of the transforming growth factor-β protein superfamily, and they actively participate to kidney development, digit and limb formation, angiogenesis, tissue fibrosis and tumor development. Since their discovery, they have attracted attention for their fascinating perspectives in the regenerative medicine and tissue engineering fields. BMPs have been employed in many preclinical and clinical studies exploring their chondrogenic or osteoinductive potential in several animal model defects and in human diseases. During years of research in particular two BMPs, BMP2 and BMP7 have gained the podium for their use in the treatment of various cartilage and bone defects. In particular they have been recently approved for employment in non-union fractures as adjunct therapies. On the other hand, thanks to their potentialities in biomedical applications, there is a growing interest in studying the biology of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC), the rules underneath their differentiation abilities, and to test their true abilities in tissue engineering. In fact, the specific differentiation of MSCs into targeted cell-type lineages for transplantation is a primary goal of the regenerative medicine. This review provides an overview on the current knowledge of BMP roles and signaling in MSC biology and differentiation capacities. In particular the article focuses on the potential clinical use of BMPs and MSCs concomitantly, in cartilage and bone tissue repair.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Long bone fractures that fail to heal or show a delay in healing can lead to increased morbidity. Bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) containing bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) has been suggested as an autologous biologic adjunct to aid long bone healing. The purpose of this study was to systematically review the basic science in vivo evidence for the use of BMAC with BMSCs in the treatment of segmental defects in animal long bones. DATA SOURCES The PubMed/MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were screened in July 14-25, 2014. STUDY SELECTION The following search criteria were used: [("bmac" OR "bone marrow aspirate concentrate" OR "bmc" OR "bone marrow concentrate" OR "mesenchymal stem cells") AND ("bone" OR "osteogenesis" OR "fracture healing" OR "nonunion" OR "delayed union")]. DATA EXTRACTION Three authors extracted data and analyzed for trends. Quality of evidence score was given to each study. DATA SYNTHESIS Results are presented as Hedge G standardized effect sizes with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS The search yielded 35 articles for inclusion. Of studies reporting statistics, 100% showed significant increase in bone formation in the BMAC group on radiograph. Ninety percent reported significant improvement in earlier bone healing on histologic/histomorphometric assessment. Eighty-one percent reported a significant increase in bone area on micro-computed tomography. Seventy-eight percent showed a higher torsional stiffness for the BMAC-treated defects. CONCLUSION In the in vivo studies evaluated, BMAC confer beneficial effects on the healing of segmental defects in animal long bone models when compared with a control. Proof-of-concept has been established for BMAC in the treatment of animal segmental bone defects.
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Wu LA, Wang F, Donly KJ, Baker A, Wan C, Luo D, MacDougall M, Chen S. Establishment of Immortalized BMP2/4 Double Knock-Out Osteoblastic Cells Is Essential for Study of Osteoblast Growth, Differentiation, and Osteogenesis. J Cell Physiol 2015; 231:1189-98. [PMID: 26595646 PMCID: PMC4784166 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins 2 and 4 (BMP2/4) are essential for osteoblast differentiation and osteogenesis. Generation of a BMP2/4 dual knock‐out (ko/ko) osteoblastic cell line is a valuable asset for studying effects of BMP2/4 on skeletal development. In this study, our goal was to create immortalized mouse deleted BMP2/4 osteoblasts by infecting adenoviruses with Cre recombinase and green fluorescent protein genes into immortalized murine floxed BMP2/4 osteoblasts. Transduced BMP2/4ko/ko cells were verified by green immunofluorescence and PCR. BMP2/4ko/ko osteoblasts exhibited small size, slow cell proliferation rate and cell growth was arrested in G1 and G2 phases. Expression of bone‐relate genes was reduced in the BMP2/4ko/ko cells, resulting in delay of cell differentiation and mineralization. Importantly, extracellular matrix remodeling was impaired in the BMP2/4ko/ko osteoblasts as reflected by decreased Mmp‐2 and Mmp‐9 expressions. Cell differentiation and mineralization were rescued by exogenous BMP2 and/or BMP4. Therefore, we for the first time described establishment of an immortalized deleted BMP2/4 osteoblast line useful for study of mechanisms in regulating osteoblast lineages. J. Cell. Physiol. 231: 1189–1198, 2016. © 2015 The Authors. Journal of Cellular Physiology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-An Wu
- Department of Developmental Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi-an, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Developmental Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas.,Department of Anatomy, Histology & Embryology, Basic Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kevin J Donly
- Department of Developmental Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas
| | - Andrew Baker
- Department of Developmental Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas
| | - Chunyan Wan
- Department of Developmental Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas
| | - Daoshu Luo
- Department of Developmental Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas
| | - Mary MacDougall
- Department of Oral/Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Dentistry, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Shuo Chen
- Department of Developmental Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas
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25
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Melatonin, bone regulation and the ubiquitin-proteasome connection: A review. Life Sci 2015; 145:152-60. [PMID: 26706287 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Recently, investigators have shown that ubiquitin-proteasome-mediated protein degradation is critical in regulating the balance between bone formation and bone resorption. The major signal transduction pathways regulating bone formation are the RANK/NF-κB pathway and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. These signal transduction pathways regulate the activity of mature osteoblasts and osteoclasts. In addition, the Wnt/β-catenin pathway is one of the major signaling pathways in the differentiation of osteoblasts. The ubiquitin ligases that are reported to be of major significance in regulating these pathways are the ubiquitin SCF(B-TrCP) ligase (which regulates activation of NF-κB via degradation of IkBα in osteoclasts, and regulates bone transcription factors via degradation of β-catenin), the Keap-Cul3-Rbx1 ligase (which regulates degradation of IkB kinase, Nrf2, and the antiapoptotic factor Bcl-2), and Smurf1. Also of significance in regulating osteoclastogenesis is the deubiquitinase, CYLD (cylindramatosis protein), which facilitates the separation of NF-κB from IkBα. The degradation of CYLD is also under the regulation of SCF(B-TrCP). Proteasome inhibitors influence the activity of mature osteoblasts and osteoclasts, but also modulate the differentiation of precursor cells into osteoblasts. Preclinical studies show that melatonin also influences bone metabolism by stimulating bone growth and inhibiting osteoclast activity. These actions of melatonin could be interpreted as being mediated by the ubiquitin ligases SCF(B-TrCP) and Keap-Cul3-Rbx, or as an inhibitory effect on proteasomes. Clinical trials of the use of melatonin in the treatment of bone disease, including multiple myeloma, using both continuous and intermittent modes of administration, are warranted.
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Elangovan S, Khorsand B, Do AV, Hong L, Dewerth A, Kormann M, Ross RD, Sumner DR, Allamargot C, Salem AK. Chemically modified RNA activated matrices enhance bone regeneration. J Control Release 2015; 218:22-8. [PMID: 26415855 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
There exists a dire need for improved therapeutics to achieve predictable bone regeneration. Gene therapy using non-viral vectors that are safe and efficient at transfecting target cells is a promising approach to overcoming the drawbacks of protein delivery of growth factors. Here, we investigated the transfection efficiency, cytotoxicity, osteogenic potential and in vivo bone regenerative capacity of chemically modified ribonucleic acid (cmRNA) (encoding BMP-2) complexed with polyethylenimine (PEI) and made comparisons with PEI complexed with conventional plasmid DNA (encoding BMP-2). The polyplexes were fabricated at an amine (N) to phosphate (P) ratio of 10 and characterized for transfection efficiency using human bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). The osteogenic potential of BMSCs treated with these polyplexes was validated by determining the expression of bone-specific genes, osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase as well as through the detection of bone matrix deposition. Using a calvarial bone defect model in rats, it was shown that PEI-cmRNA (encoding BMP-2)-activated matrices promoted significantly enhanced bone regeneration compared to PEI-plasmid DNA (BMP-2)-activated matrices. Our proof of concept study suggests that scaffolds loaded with non-viral vectors harboring cmRNA encoding osteogenic proteins may be a powerful tool for stimulating bone regeneration with significant potential for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satheesh Elangovan
- Department of Periodontics, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA, United States.
| | - Behnoush Khorsand
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Translational Therapeutics, University of Iowa College of Pharmacy, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Anh-Vu Do
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Translational Therapeutics, University of Iowa College of Pharmacy, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Liu Hong
- Department of Prosthodontics, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Alexander Dewerth
- Department of Pediatrics I-Pediatric Infectiology and Immunology, Translational Genomics and Gene Therapy, University of Tübingen, Wilhelstr. 56, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Kormann
- Department of Pediatrics I-Pediatric Infectiology and Immunology, Translational Genomics and Gene Therapy, University of Tübingen, Wilhelstr. 56, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ryan D Ross
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - D Rick Sumner
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Chantal Allamargot
- Central Microscopy Research Facility, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Aliasger K Salem
- Department of Periodontics, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA, United States; Division of Pharmaceutics and Translational Therapeutics, University of Iowa College of Pharmacy, Iowa City, IA, United States.
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Sun H, Yang HL. Calcium phosphate scaffolds combined with bone morphogenetic proteins or mesenchymal stem cells in bone tissue engineering. Chin Med J (Engl) 2015; 128:1121-7. [PMID: 25881610 PMCID: PMC4832956 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.155121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to review the current status of calcium phosphate (CaP) scaffolds combined with bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) or mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the field of bone tissue engineering (BTE). Date Sources: Data cited in this review were obtained primarily from PubMed and Medline in publications from 1979 to 2014, with highly regarded older publications also included. The terms BTE, CaP, BMPs, and MSC were used for the literature search. Study Selection: Reviews focused on relevant aspects and original articles reporting in vitro and/or in vivo results concerning the efficiency of CaP/BMPs or CaP/MSCs composites were retrieved, reviewed, analyzed, and summarized. Results: An ideal BTE product contains three elements: Scaffold, growth factors, and stem cells. CaP-based scaffolds are popular because of their outstanding biocompatibility, bioactivity, and osteoconductivity. However, they lack stiffness and osteoinductivity. To solve this problem, composite scaffolds of CaP with BMPs have been developed. New bone formation by CaP/BMP composites can reach levels similar to those of autografts. CaP scaffolds are compatible with MSCs and CaP/MSC composites exhibit excellent osteogenesis and stiffness. In addition, a CaP/MSC/BMP scaffold can repair bone defects more effectively than an autograft. Conclusions: Novel BTE products possess remarkable osteoconduction and osteoinduction capacities, and exhibit balanced degradation with osteogenesis. Further work should yield safe, viable, and efficient materials for the repair of bone lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hui-Lin Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu 215006, China
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Carreira ACO, Zambuzzi WF, Rossi MC, Astorino Filho R, Sogayar MC, Granjeiro JM. Bone Morphogenetic Proteins: Promising Molecules for Bone Healing, Bioengineering, and Regenerative Medicine. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2015; 99:293-322. [PMID: 26279381 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), glycoproteins secreted by some cells, are members of the TGF-β superfamily that have been implicated in a wide variety of roles. Currently, about 20 different BMPs have been identified and grouped into subfamilies, according to similarities with respect to their amino acid sequences. It has been shown that BMPs are secreted growth factors involved in mesenchymal stem cell differentiation, also being reported to control the differentiation of cancer stem cells. BMPs initiate signaling from the cell surface by binding to two different receptors (R: Type I and II). The heterodimeric formation of type I R and II R may occur before or after BMP binding, inducing signal transduction pathways through SMADs. BMPs may also signal through SMAD-independent pathways via mitogen-activated protein kinases (ERK, p38MAPKs, JNK). BMPs may act in an autocrine or paracrine manner, being regulated by specific antagonists, namely: noggin and chordin. Genetic engineering allows the production of large amounts of BMPs for clinical use, and clinical trials have shown the benefits of FDA-approved recombinant human BMPs 2 and 7. Several materials from synthetic to natural sources have been tested as BMP carriers, ranging from hydroxyapatite, and organic polymers to collagen. Bioactive membranes doped with BMPs are promising options, acting to accelerate and enhance osteointegration. The development of smart materials, mainly based on biopolymers and bone-like calcium phosphates, appears to provide an attractive alternative for delivering BMPs in an adequately controlled fashion. BMPs have revealed a promising future for the fields of Bioengineering and Regenerative Medicine. In this chapter, we review and discuss the data on BMP structure, mechanisms of action, and possible clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Claudia Oliveira Carreira
- NUCEL-NETCEM (Cell and Molecular Therapy Center), Internal Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Willian Fernando Zambuzzi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biosciences Institute, UNESP, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Mariana Correa Rossi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biosciences Institute, UNESP, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Renato Astorino Filho
- NUCEL-NETCEM (Cell and Molecular Therapy Center), Internal Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mari Cleide Sogayar
- NUCEL-NETCEM (Cell and Molecular Therapy Center), Internal Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Chemistry Institute, Biochemistry Department, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Mauro Granjeiro
- Bioengineering Division, National Institute of Metrology, Quality, and Technology, Duque de Caxias, Brazil; Department of Dental Materials, Dental School, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Brazil.
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Ollivier M, Gay AM, Cerlier A, Lunebourg A, Argenson JN, Parratte S. Can we achieve bone healing using the diamond concept without bone grafting for recalcitrant tibial nonunions? Injury 2015; 46:1383-8. [PMID: 25933808 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2015.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a combination of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 7 (rhBMP-7) and resorbable calcium phosphate bone substitute (rCPBS) as a salvage solution for recalcitrant tibial fracture nonunions. Twenty consecutive patients, 16 male and four female, with a mean age of 46.8±15.7 years (21-78) and a mean body mass index (BMI) of 24.2±5.3kgm(-2) (21.5-28.5), suffering from 20 recalcitrant tibial fracture nonunions were included. The mean number of operations performed prior to the procedure was 3.3, with homolateral iliac crest bone grafts being used for all of the patients. All patients were treated with a procedure including debridement and decortications of the bone ends, nonunion fixation with a locking plate, and filling of the bony defect with a combined graft of rhBMP-7 (as osteoinductor) with an rCPBS (as scaffold). The mean follow-up was 14±2.7 months. Both clinical and radiological union occurred in 18 cases, within a mean time of 4.7±3.2 months. A recurrence of deep infection was diagnosed for one of the non-consolidated patients. No specific complication of rCPBS or rhBMP-7 was encountered. This study supports the view that the application of rCPBS combined with rhBMP-7, without any bone grafting, is safe and efficient in the treatment of recalcitrant bone union.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ollivier
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute of Movement, UMR 7287: Aix-Marseille University, 270 Boulevard Sainte Marguerite, BP 29, 13274 Marseille, France.
| | - A M Gay
- Department of Hand Surgery and Limb Reconstruction, Aix-Marseille University, Timone Hospital, 264 Rue Saint Pierre, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - A Cerlier
- Department of Hand Surgery and Limb Reconstruction, Aix-Marseille University, Timone Hospital, 264 Rue Saint Pierre, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - A Lunebourg
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute of Movement, UMR 7287: Aix-Marseille University, 270 Boulevard Sainte Marguerite, BP 29, 13274 Marseille, France
| | - J N Argenson
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute of Movement, UMR 7287: Aix-Marseille University, 270 Boulevard Sainte Marguerite, BP 29, 13274 Marseille, France
| | - S Parratte
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute of Movement, UMR 7287: Aix-Marseille University, 270 Boulevard Sainte Marguerite, BP 29, 13274 Marseille, France
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Design of an osteoinductive extracellular fibronectin matrix protein for bone tissue engineering. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:7672-81. [PMID: 25853265 PMCID: PMC4425042 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16047672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin-mediated cell-matrix interactions play an important role in osteogenesis. Here, we constructed a novel osteoinductive fibronectin matrix protein (oFN) for bone tissue engineering, designed to combine the integrin-binding modules from fibronectin (iFN) and a strong osteoinductive growth factor, bone morphogenetic protein-2. Compared with iFN, the purified oFN matrix protein caused a significant increase in cell adhesion and osteogenic differentiation of pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells (p < 0.05).
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31
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Influence of simvastatin-loaded implants on osseointegration in an ovariectomized animal model. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:831504. [PMID: 25893198 PMCID: PMC4393925 DOI: 10.1155/2015/831504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The success of bone implants in the presence of osteoporosis is limited by lack of osseointegration between the implant and the natural bone. This study applied an electrochemical process to deposit simvastatin-nanohydroxyapatite (HA) coatings on porous implant surfaces and investigated the effects of these simvastatin-HA coatings on implant surfaces in an animal model of osteoporosis. In this study, simvastatin-HA coated implants were inserted into the tibia of osteoporotic rats. After 2, 4, and 12 weeks, tissue was retrieved for histomorphometric evaluation. The results indicated that the simvastatin-HA coatings increased bone-implant contact and new bone formation around implant surfaces. In conclusion, implants loaded with simvastatin by an electrochemical process improved implant osseointegration in osteoporotic rats. Furthermore, the increased concentration of simvastatin could affect the osseointegration, but the dose-effects also need further investigation.
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Karimi MR, Fathi S, Ghanavati F. Effects of counter torque and transposition (transfer) of installed implants timing on their integration in dog tibia. J Adv Prosthodont 2015; 7:62-8. [PMID: 25722840 PMCID: PMC4341189 DOI: 10.4047/jap.2015.7.1.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this research was to evaluate the amount of reosseointegration after counter torquing (reverse torque) and transposing the installed implants at different times. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was done on ten tibiae of five cross-bred dogs. At the first day one implant was installed in each tibia. After one week half of the implants were randomly counter torqued (1WCT) and the other half were explanted and reimplanted in a new juxtaposition site (transposed)(1WT). At the same time three new implants were installed in each dog, one of them was considered as one week control (1WC) and remaining two as 8 week groups (8WCT&8WT). After eight weeks the 1WCT and 1WT implants were loosened by counter torque and the quantity of needed force for liberation was measured with the digital device (BGI). At the same time one implant was installed in each dog as eight week control (8WC) and the same protocol was repeated for 8 week groups after another 8 weeks. RESULTS All implants were osseointegrated. Mean quantities of osseointegration in case groups indicated better amounts rather than control groups. CONCLUSION Counter torque or transposition of the installed implants one week or eight weeks after the implantation did lead to osseointegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Karimi
- Department of Periodontics, Dental Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Fathi
- Postgraduate of Oral Medicine, Dental Branch, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Farzin Ghanavati
- Department of Periodontics, Dental Research Center, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Luthringer BJC, Katha UMR, Willumeit R. Phosphatidylethanolamine biomimetic coating increases mesenchymal stem cell osteoblastogenesis. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2014; 25:2561-2571. [PMID: 24980874 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-014-5263-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Previous observations (e.g., decreased bacterial adhesion) have shed the light on the auspicious possibility to use phosphatidylethanolamine as biomimetic coating for metal implants. Additionally, it was experimentally shown that phosphatidylethanolamine induces bone formation, however, up to now no study was performed to understand this observation or to find an explanation. In an attempt to unveil how and why phosphatidylethanolamine can improve cell metabolism and osteogenic differentiation, primary cells (human umbilical cord perivascular cells) were cultured on native or phosphatidylethanolamine coated surfaces. Several parameters were followed on gene (real time polymerase chain reaction) and protein (e.g., dot-blot and ELISA tests) levels. It was determined that phosphatidylethanolamine potentiates cell metabolism, osteogenic differentiation, and mineralisation early processes. By preventing biofilm formation while promoting new bone formation, phosphatidylethanolamine could be easily implemented as implant bio-mimicking coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bérengère J C Luthringer
- Institute of Materials Research, Department for Structural Research on Macromolecules, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht (HZG), Geesthacht, Germany,
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Chung R, Xian CJ. Recent research on the growth plate: Mechanisms for growth plate injury repair and potential cell-based therapies for regeneration. J Mol Endocrinol 2014; 53:T45-61. [PMID: 25114207 DOI: 10.1530/jme-14-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Injuries to the growth plate cartilage often lead to bony repair, resulting in bone growth defects such as limb length discrepancy and angulation deformity in children. Currently utilised corrective surgeries are highly invasive and limited in their effectiveness, and there are no known biological therapies to induce cartilage regeneration and prevent the undesirable bony repair. In the last 2 decades, studies have investigated the cellular and molecular events that lead to bony repair at the injured growth plate including the identification of the four phases of injury repair responses (inflammatory, fibrogenic, osteogenic and remodelling), the important role of inflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor alpha in regulating downstream repair responses, the role of chemotactic and mitogenic platelet-derived growth factor in the fibrogenic response, the involvement and roles of bone morphogenic protein and Wnt/B-catenin signalling pathways, as well as vascular endothelial growth factor-based angiogenesis during the osteogenic response. These new findings could potentially lead to identification of new targets for developing a future biological therapy. In addition, recent advances in cartilage tissue engineering highlight the promising potential for utilising multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for inducing regeneration of injured growth plate cartilage. This review aims to summarise current understanding of the mechanisms for growth plate injury repair and discuss some progress, potential and challenges of MSC-based therapies to induce growth plate cartilage regeneration in combination with chemotactic and chondrogenic growth factors and supporting scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Chung
- School of Pharmacy and Medical SciencesSansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, City East Campus, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Cory J Xian
- School of Pharmacy and Medical SciencesSansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, City East Campus, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
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Jain AP, Pundir S, Sharma A. Bone morphogenetic proteins: The anomalous molecules. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2014; 17:583-6. [PMID: 24174749 PMCID: PMC3808010 DOI: 10.4103/0972-124x.119275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone is unique of all the tissues in the vertebrate organism. When injured, it heals by formation of new bone. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are powerful inductors of the osteogenic activity during the embryologic bone formation phase and in cases of bone healing. They have proliferative effects on different cellular types, showing chemotactic properties and are able to induce mesenchymal cells differentiation into osteoblastic and chondroblastic line cells. Both primary cells and cell lines have been shown to respond to BMPs. Further the ability of embryonic cells to respond to BMPs by differentiating into cartilage and bone cells suggests that they are involved in the development of embryonic skeletal system. In addition, these proteins can also promote the angiogenesis, regulate the activity of some growth factors, and affect the production of these growth factors, which is helpful for the osteogenesis. BMPs have been considered as the most potent growth factors that can promote the bone regeneration. Thus, the aim of this review is to emphasize on the unique nature of the BMP molecules regarding their structure, classification, signaling mechanism, etc., as BMPs are the only molecules which show such deviation from the normal order, type. This will further help in understanding the role of BMPs and their potential advances which are necessary to facilitate the process of regeneration in periodontics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aena Pundir Jain
- Department of Periodontics, Rungta College of Dental Sciences and Research, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, India
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Hwang SH, Park SH, Choi J, Lee DC, Oh JH, Kim SW, Kim JB. Characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells originating from the bilateral inferior turbinate in humans with nasal septal deviation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100219. [PMID: 24926874 PMCID: PMC4057459 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives Nasal septal deviation (NSD) is often associated with overgrowth of the unilateral inferior turbinate. In vivo and in vitro studies indicate that human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are able to differentiate into multiple cell types, including osteoblasts. We tested the hypothesis that turbinate size affects human turbinate-derived MSC (hTMSCs) quantity, proliferation, and differentiation into osteogenic lineages, and that hypertrophic turbinates may predispose to NSD on the contralateral side. Subjects and Methods The hypertrophic and contralateral inferior turbinate tissues used in our study were obtained and cultured from the tissue discarded from 10 patients who underwent septoplasty and partial turbinectomy. After isolating the hTMSCs from both turbinates, the cells were enumerated using an automated cell counter. The expression of surface markers for MSCs over four passages was assessed by fluorescent-activated cell sorting analysis (FACS), and cell proliferation was assessed using a cell counting kit (CCK)-8 according to turbinate size. In addition, osteogenic differentiation of hTMSCs was identified using alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alizarin red S staining, after which osteoblastic gene expression was evaluated. Results There was no significant difference in the number of hTMSCs. FACS analysis revealed that the hTMSCs were negative for CD14, CD19, CD34, and HLA-DR, and positive for CD29, CD73, and CD90, representing a characteristic MSC phenotype, with no significant difference between the two groups. The cellular proliferation and osteogenic differentiation potential of the hTMSCs were also not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusions We conclude that turbinate size does not affect the characterization, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation potential of hTMSCs in vitro test, and therefore should not affect the clinical decision of whether to use autologous or allogenic hTMSCs. However, more experiments are required to definitively state the relationship of hTMSCs with turbinate size or the process NSD in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Hwan Hwang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Hwa Park
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Choi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Chang Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Hoon Oh
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Won Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail: (SWK); (JBK)
| | - Jin Bae Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Korea
- * E-mail: (SWK); (JBK)
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Abstract
Angiogenesis is a vital component of bone healing. The formation of the new blood vessels at the fracture site restores the hypoxia and nutrient deprivation found at the early stages after fracture whilst at a later stage facilitates osteogenesis by the activity of the osteoprogenitor cells. Emerging evidence suggests that there are certain molecules and gene therapies that could promote new blood vessel formation and as a consequence enhance the local bone healing response. This article summarizes the current in vivo evidence on therapeutic approaches aiming at the augmentation of the angiogenic signalling during bone repair.
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Buranawat B, Di Silvio L, Deb S, Nannmark U, Sennerby L, Palmer RM. Evaluation of a β-Calcium Metaphosphate Bone Graft Containing Bone Morphogenetic Protein-7 in Rabbit Maxillary Defects. J Periodontol 2014; 85:298-307. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2013.130159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Lai RF, Zhou ZY, Chen T. Accelerating bone generation and bone mineralization in the Interparietal sutures of rats using an rhBMP-2/ACS composite after rapid expansion. Exp Anim 2014; 62:189-96. [PMID: 23903053 PMCID: PMC4160950 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.62.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the effects of rhBMP-2/ACS composite on bone regeneration and mineralization during expansion of the interparietal suture in rats. Forty 10-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups (n=10). The first group (intact group) did not receive any intervention. The second group (expansion control group) received an expansion force of 60 g. The remaining two groups received an expansion force of 60 g and were implanted with an atelo-type I absorbable collagen sponge and rhBMP-2/ACS composite positioned on the suture beneath the periosteum. The relapse, relapse ratio, relevant bone remodelling, and calcium and osteocalcin contents were evaluated. Bone regeneration in the interparietal suture was estimated by the histological method. The osteocalcin content was measured by radioimmunoassay, and the calcium content was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Bone regeneration was more active in the suture after application of the expansion force compared with that of the suture without any intervention. Bone bridges formed in the rhBMP-2/collagen composite group. Both osteocalcin and calcium content were higher in the rhBMP-2/collagen composite group than in the other three groups (P<0.01). The relapse ratio in the rhBMP-2/collagen group was much lower than that in the other two expansion groups (P<0.01). RhBMP-2/ACS composite can promote bone regeneration and bone mineralization in the expanded suture and decrease the relapse ratio. Thus, the rhBMP-2/ACS composite may be therapeutically beneficial to the inhibition of relapse and shortening of the retention period during rapid expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Fa Lai
- The Medical Centre of Stomatology, The 1st Affiliated Hospital Jinan University, No. 613 Huangpu Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510630, PR China
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Ying X, Sun L, Chen X, Xu H, Guo X, Chen H, Hong J, Cheng S, Peng L. Silibinin promotes osteoblast differentiation of human bone marrow stromal cells via bone morphogenetic protein signaling. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 721:225-30. [PMID: 24076187 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2013] [Revised: 08/31/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Silibinin is the major active constituent of the natural compound silymarin; several studies suggest that silibinin possesses antihepatotoxic properties and anticancer effects against carcinoma cells. However, no study has yet investigated the effect of silibinin on osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow stem cells (hBMSCs). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of silibinin on osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs. In this study, the hBMSCs were cultured in an osteogenic medium with 0, 1, 10 or 20 μmol/l silibinin respectively. hBMSCs viability was analyzed by cell number quantification assay and cells osteogenic differentiation was evaluated by alkaline phosphatas (ALP) activity assay, Von Kossa staining and real time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). We found that silibinin promoted ALP activity in hBMSCs without affecting their proliferation. The mineralization of hBMSCs was enhanced by treatment with silibinin. Silibinin also increased the mRNA expressions of Collagen type I (COL-I), ALP, Osteocalcin (OCN), Osterix, bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2). The BMP antagonist noggin and its receptor kinase inhibitors dorsomorphin and LDN-193189 attenuated silibinin-promoted ALP activity. Furthermore, BMP-responsive and Runx2-responsive reporters were activated by silibinin treatment. These results indicate that silibinin enhances osteoblast differentiation probably by inducing the expressions of BMPs and activating BMP and RUNX2 pathways. Thus, silibinin may play an important therapeutic role in osteoporosis patients by improving osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhou Ying
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, 109 Xue Yuan xi Road, Wenzhou 325000, China.
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Ying X, Chen X, Cheng S, Guo X, Chen H, Xu HZ. Phosphoserine promotes osteogenic differentiation of human adipose stromal cells through bone morphogenetic protein signalling. Cell Biol Int 2013; 38:309-17. [PMID: 24155130 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoserine has potential effectiveness as a simple substrate in preparing bone replacement materials, which could enhance bone forming ability. However, there is a need to investigate the independent effect of phosphoserine on osteogenic differentiation of human adipose stem cells (hADSCs). hADSCs were cultured in an osteogenic medium with phosphoserine. Cell proliferation was analysed by CCK8 and osteogenic differentiation was measured by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, von Kossa staining and real time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). No stimulatory effect of phosphoserine on cell proliferation was noted at Days 1, 4 and 7. Deposition of calcium increased after the addition of phosphoserine. mRNA expression of type I collagen (COL-I), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OCN), Osterix, bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and RUNX2 increased markedly with phosphoserine treatment. The BMP-2 antagonist, noggin, and its receptor kinase inhibitors, dorsomorphin and LDN-193189, attenuated phosphoserine-promoted ALP activity. BMP-responsive and Runx2-responsive reporters were activated by phosphoserine treatment. Thus phosphoserine can promote osteogenic differentiation of hADSCs, probably by activating BMP and Runx2 pathways, which could be a promising approach for enhancing osteogenic capacity of cell-based construction in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhou Ying
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, 325000, China
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Liu J, Mao K, Liu Z, Wang X, Cui F, Guo W, Mao K, Yang S. Injectable biocomposites for bone healing in rabbit femoral condyle defects. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75668. [PMID: 24146770 PMCID: PMC3797737 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel biomimetic bone scaffold was successfully prepared in this study, which was composed of calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CSH), collagen and nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAC). CSH/nHAC was prepared and observed with scanning electron microscope and rhBMP-2 was introduced into CSH/nHAC. The released protein content from the scaffold was detected using high performance liquid chromatography at predetermined time interval. In vivo bone formation capacity was investigated by means of implanting the scaffolds with rhBMP-2 or without rhBMP-2 respectively into a critical size defect model in the femoral condyle of rabbit. The releasing character of rhBMP-2 was that an initial burst release (37.5%) was observed in the first day, followed by a sustained release and reached 100% at the end of day 20. The CSH/nHAC showed a gradual decrease in degradation with the content of nHAC increase. The results of X-rays, Micro CT and histological observation indicated that more new bone was formed in rhBMP-2 group. The results implied that this new injectable bone scaffold should be very promising for bone repair and has a great potential in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianheng Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, General Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Kezheng Mao
- Department of Orthopaedics, General Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengsheng Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, General Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Xiumei Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Fuzhai Cui
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenguang Guo
- Beijing Olympic fine Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Keya Mao
- Department of Orthopaedics, General Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (KM); (SY)
| | - Shuying Yang
- Department of Oral Biology, University at Buffalo - SUNY, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (KM); (SY)
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Makhdom AM, Hamdy RC. The Role of Growth Factors on Acceleration of Bone Regeneration During Distraction Osteogenesis. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2013; 19:442-53. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2012.0717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asim M. Makhdom
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shriners Hospital for Children, Montreal Children Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reggie C. Hamdy
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shriners Hospital for Children, Montreal Children Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Hwang SH, Park SH, Choi J, Lee DC, Oh JH, Yeo UC, Kim SW, Sun DI. Age-related characteristics of multipotent human nasal inferior turbinate-derived mesenchymal stem cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74330. [PMID: 24066137 PMCID: PMC3774635 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent a promising cell-based therapy for a number of degenerative conditions. Understanding the effect of aging on MSCs is crucial for both autologous therapy development and allogenic donors in older subjects whom degenerative diseases typically afflict. In this study, we investigated the influence of donor age on the characteristics, proliferation, and differentiation potential of in vitro cultures of multipotent human turbinated mesenchymal stem cells (hTMSCs) from patients of various age groups. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Twelve patients comprised the four age groups: (I) <20 years, (II) 20-39 years, (III) 40-59 years, and (IV) >60 years. Inferior turbinate tissues were discarded from patients undergoing partial turbinectomy. After isolating hTMSCs, the expression of the hTMSC surface markers CD14, CD19, CD34, CD73, CD90, CD105, and HLA-DR was assessed by FACS analysis, and cell proliferation was assessed using a cell counting kit (CCK)-8. The differentiation potential of hTMSCs was evaluated in osteogenic media by histology and determination of osteoblastic gene expression. RESULTS FACS analysis revealed that hTMSCs were negative for CD14, CD19, CD34, and HLA-DR, and positive for CD73, CD90, and CD105, representing a characteristic MSC phenotype, and showed no significant differences among the age groups. Cellular proliferation and osteogenic differentiation potential of hTMSCs also showed no significant differences among the age groups. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that donor age does not affect the characteristics, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation potential of hTMSCs. Donor age may be excluded as a criterion in the guidelines for clinical use of the autologous or allogenic transplantation of hTMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Hwan Hwang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Hwa Park
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Choi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Chang Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Hoon Oh
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Un Cheol Yeo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Won Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail: (SWK); (DIS)
| | - Dong Il Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail: (SWK); (DIS)
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Wang X, Liu Z, Cui F. Biomimetic Synthesis of Self‐Assembled Mineralized Collagen‐Based Composites for Bone Tissue Engineering. Biomimetics (Basel) 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/9781118810408.ch2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
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Mori H, Kondo E, Kawaguchi Y, Kitamura N, Nagai N, Iida H, Yasuda K. Development of a salmon-derived crosslinked atelocollagen sponge disc containing osteogenic protein-1 for articular cartilage regeneration: in vivo evaluations with rabbits. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2013; 14:174. [PMID: 23721417 PMCID: PMC3702415 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-14-174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We have developed crosslinked salmon-derived atelocollagen sponge, which has a denaturation temperature of 47 degrees Celsius. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the fundamental in vivo efficacy of the osteogenic protein (OP) -1 containing salmon-derived collagen sponge disc (SCS) on cartilage regeneration, using a rabbit model. Methods A total of 24 rabbits were used in this study. In each animal, a full-thickness osteochondral defect was created in each femoral trochlea. Then, each 12 rabbits were randomly divided into the two groups. In Group I, an OP1-SCS disc was implanted into the defect in the right knee. In Group II, a SCS disc without OP-1 was implanted into the defect in the right knee. A control group of 12 rabbits was assembled from randomly-selected left knees from among the first two groups. In Group-III, we applied no treatment for a defect in the left knee to obtain the untreated control. All rabbits were sacrificed at 12 weeks after surgery. In each group, 10 animals were used for histological and immunohistological evaluations, and the remaining 2 were used for real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses. Results In Group I, a regenerated cartilage tissue rich in proteoglycan and type-2 collagen was found at 12 weeks, although the width was thicker than that of Group II. In Group II, the defect was filled with thick inhomogeneous tissues, including cartilage, fibrous, and bone tissues at 12 weeks. Concerning the gross observation and histological scores at 12 weeks, the ANOVA showed significant differences (p < 0.0001, and p < 0.0001, respectively). The post-hoc test indicated that the gross observation and histological scores of Group I was significantly greater than those of Groups II (p = 0.035, and p = 0.0104, respectively) and III (p < 0.0001, and p < 0.0001, respectively), while Group II was significantly greater than Group III (p = 0.0069, and p = 0.005, respectively). The real time PCR analysis showed that gene expression of type-2 collagen and aggrecan of Group I was greater than that of Group II. Conclusions The present study clearly demonstrated that the implantation of the OP1-SCS disc without any cultured cells may induce spontaneous hyaline-like cartilage regeneration to greater degrees than implantation of only the salmon-derived collagen sponge disc.
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Rao SM, Ugale GM, Warad SB. Bone morphogenetic proteins: periodontal regeneration. NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2013; 5:161-8. [PMID: 23626951 PMCID: PMC3632019 DOI: 10.4103/1947-2714.109175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis is an infectious inflammatory disease that results in attachment loss and bone loss. Regeneration of the periodontal tissues entails de novo formation of cementum, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone. Several different approaches are currently being explored to achieve complete, reliable, and reproducible regeneration of periodontal tissues. The therapeutic management of new bone formation is one of the key issues in successful periodontal regeneration. Bone morphogenetic proteins form a unique group of proteins within the transforming growth factor superfamily of genes and have a vital role in the regulation in the bone induction and maintenance. The activity of bone morphogenetic proteins was first identified in the 1960s, but the proteins responsible for bone induction were unknown until the purification and cloning of human bone morphogenetic proteins in the 1980s, because of their osteoinductive potential. Bone morphogenetic proteins have gained a lot of interest as therapeutic agents for treating periodontal defects. A systematic search for data related to the use of bone morphogenetic proteins for the regeneration of periodontal defects was performed to recognize studies on animals and human (PUBMED, MEDLINE, COCHRANE, and Google search). All the studies included showed noticeable regeneration of periodontal tissues with the use of BMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramaniam M Rao
- Department of Periodontics, P M Nadagowda Memorial Dental College and Hospital, Bagalkot, Karnataka, India
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Li J, Zheng Q, Guo X, Zou Z, Liu Y, Lan S, Chen L, Deng Y. Bone induction by surface-double-modified true bone ceramics
in vitro
and
in vivo. Biomed Mater 2013; 8:035005. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/8/3/035005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Liu B, Chen Q, Tian D, Wu L, Dong H, Wang J, Ji B, Zhu X, Cai Q, Wang L, Zhang S. BMP4 reverses multidrug resistance through modulation of BCL-2 and GDNF in glioblastoma. Brain Res 2013; 1507:115-24. [PMID: 23466456 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Patients with glioblastoma are commonly treated with chemotherapy. But a significant proportion of patients develop disease progression after an initial response to chemotherapy. Presently, there is no standard of care for such patients. The bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) has been reported to play a tumor-suppressing role in glioblastoma, but its role in glioblastoma multidrug resistance (MDR) is not clear. We reported that BMP4 can reverse MDR of glioblastoma through the inhibition of B-cell lymphoma 2(BCL-2) and glial cell derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). We showed that the expression level of BMP4 was lower in glioblastoma compared to normal brain tissue, and also showed that BMP4 expression decreased in multidrug resistance cell line U251/TMZ compared to U251 cells. Our research demonstrated that over-expression of BMP4 can reverse the multidrug resistance. BCL-2 and GDNF were inhibited when BMP4 was over-expressed, and this data were consistent with the negative relationship in human samples; analysis of 40 patient's glioblastoma and brain samples revealed a significant negative correlation between BMP4 and BCL-2, GDNF. When BCL-2 and GDNF were knocked down, the effect of BMP4 in regulating MDR was partially lost. This novel result showed, for the first time, that BMP4 can reverse MDR in glioblastoma, which involved negative inhibition of BCL-2 and GDNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baohui Liu
- Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Street, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China
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Malhotra A, Pelletier MH, Yu Y, Walsh WR. Can platelet-rich plasma (PRP) improve bone healing? A comparison between the theory and experimental outcomes. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2013. [PMID: 23197184 DOI: 10.1007/s00402-012-1641-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The increased concentration of platelets within platelet-rich plasma (PRP) provides a vehicle to deliver supra-physiologic concentrations of growth factors to an injury site, possibly accelerating or otherwise improving connective tissue regeneration. This potential benefit has led to the application of PRP in several applications; however, inconsistent results have limited widespread adoption in bone healing. This review provides a core understanding of the bone healing mechanisms, and corresponds this to the factors present in PRP. In addition, the current state of the art of PRP preparation, the key aspects that may influence its effectiveness, and treatment outcomes as they relate specifically to bone defect healing are presented. Although PRP does have a sound scientific basis, its use for bone healing appears only beneficial when used in combination with osteoconductive scaffolds; however, neither allograft nor autograft appear to be appropriate carriers. Aggressive processing techniques and very high concentrations of PRP may not improve healing outcomes. Moreover, many other variables exist in PRP preparation and use that influence its efficacy; the effect of these variables should be understood when considering PRP use. This review includes the essentials of what has been established, what is currently missing in the literature, and recommendations for future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angad Malhotra
- Surgical and Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Prince of Wales Clinical School, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
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