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Sleziak J, Pilarczyk K, Matysiak M, Duszynska W. Pneumonia Characteristics in an Intensive Care Unit Setting during and after the COVID-19 Pandemic-A Single-Center Prospective Study. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2824. [PMID: 38792365 PMCID: PMC11121790 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13102824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: During and after the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a suspicion of varying rates of respiratory tract infections (RTIs), particularly pneumonia (PN). Methods: This research evaluated epidemiological indicators of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) in the COVID-19 pandemic and post-pandemic period, including pathogens, ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), selected risk factors, and PN mortality. Results: At 1740 patients, throughout the 22,774 patient-days (Pt-D) and 18,039 ventilation days (Vt-D), there were 681 PN cases (39.14%): CAP 336 (19.31%) and HAP 345 (19.83%). CAP caused by SARS-CoV-2 was diagnosed in 257/336 (76.49%) patients. The clinical manifestations of PNs were CAP with 336/681 (49.34%), VAP with 232/681 (34.07%), and non-ventilator HAP (NV-HAP) with 113/681 cases (16.59%). The incidence rate of CAP/1000 Pt-D has been over 3 times higher in the pandemic period of 2020-2021 (20.25) than in the post-pandemic period of 2022 (5.86), p = 0.000. Similarly, higher incidence rates of VAP/1000 Pt-D were found in the pandemic period (p = 0.050). For NV-HAP, this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.585). VAP occurred more frequently in the group of patients with PN in the course of COVID-19 compared to patients without COVID-19 (52/234 [22.2%] vs. 180/1506 [11.95%]); (p = 0.000). The most common CAP pathogen (during the pandemic) was SARS CoV-2 234/291 (80.4%), followed by MSSA/MRSA 8/291 (2.75%), whereas the most common VAP/NV-HAP pathogen was Acinetobacter baumannii XDR/MDR. The highest PN mortality was found in the patients with CAP caused by SARS-CoV-2 159/257 (61.87%). Conclusions: Pneumonias were diagnosed in nearly 40% of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients. Surveillance of pneumonias during the specific observation period was beneficial in the epidemiological and microbiological analysis of the ICU patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Sleziak
- The Students Scientific Association by Department and Clinic of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Wroclaw Medical University, L. Pasteura Street 1, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.S.); (K.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Katarzyna Pilarczyk
- The Students Scientific Association by Department and Clinic of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Wroclaw Medical University, L. Pasteura Street 1, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.S.); (K.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Michal Matysiak
- The Students Scientific Association by Department and Clinic of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Wroclaw Medical University, L. Pasteura Street 1, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.S.); (K.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Wieslawa Duszynska
- Department and Clinic of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Wroclaw Medical University, L. Pasteura Street 1, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
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Rosenthal VD, Yin R, Jin Z, Alkhawaja SA, Zuñiga-Chavarria MA, Salgado E, El-Kholy A, Zuniga Moya JC, Patil P, Nadimpalli G, Pattabhiramarao RN, Zala D, Villegas-Mota I, Ider BE, Tumu N, Duszynska W, Nguyet LTT, Nair PK, Memish ZA. International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) report of health care-associated infections, data summary of 25 countries for 2014 to 2023, Surgical Site Infections Module. Am J Infect Control 2024:S0196-6553(24)00167-6. [PMID: 38604442 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2024.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgical site infection (SSI) rates are higher in low-resource countries (LRC) than in high-income counterparts. METHODS Prospective cohort study using the INICC Surveillance Online System, from 116 hospitals in 75 cities across 25 Latin-American, Asian, Eastern-European, and Middle-Eastern countries: Argentina, Bahrain, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, Honduras, India, Kosovo, Kuwait, Lebanon, Mexico, Mongolia, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Poland, Romania, Saudi Arabia, Thailand, Turkey, Venezuela, Vietnam. CDC/NHSN definitions were applied. Surgical procedures (SPs) were categorized according to the International Classification of Diseases criteria. RESULTS From 2014 to 2023, we collected data on 1,251 SSIs associated with 56,617 SPs. SSI rates were significantly higher in SPs of INICC compared to CDC/NHSN data: hip prosthesis (3.68% vs 0.67%, relative risk [RR]=5.46, 95% confidence interval [CI]=3.71-8.03, P<.001), knee prosthesis (2.02% vs 0.58%, RR=3.49, 95% CI=1.87-6.49, P<.001), coronary artery bypass (4.16% vs 1.37%, RR=3.03, 95% CI=2.35-3.91, P<.001), peripheral vascular bypass (15.69% vs 2.93%, RR=5.35, 95% CI=2.30-12.48, P<.001), abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (8.51% vs 2.12%, RR=4.02, 95% CI=2.11-7.65, P<.001), spinal fusion (6.47% vs 0.70%, RR=9.27, 95% CI=6.21-13.84, P<.001), laminectomy (2.68% vs 0.72%, RR=3.75, 95% CI=2.36-5.95, P<.001), among others. CONCLUSIONS Elevated SSI rates in LRCs emphasize the need for effective interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Daniel Rosenthal
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; INICC Foundation, International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium, Miami, USA, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Ruijie Yin
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Zhilin Jin
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Estuardo Salgado
- Department of Infection Control, Marie Curie Hospital, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Amani El-Kholy
- Department of Infection Control, Cairo University Dar Alfouad Hospital, 6th of October City, Egypt
| | - Julio C Zuniga Moya
- Department of Infection Control, Hospital Noroccidental Mario Catarino Rivas, San Pedro Sula, Honduras
| | - Priyanka Patil
- Department of Infection Control, Breach Candy Hospital Trust, Mumbai, India
| | - Gita Nadimpalli
- Department of Infection Control, Rao Nursing Home, Pune, India
| | | | - Dolatsinh Zala
- Department of Infection Control, School of Applied Science and Technology, Gujrat Technological University, Ahmedabad, India
| | | | - Bat-Erdene Ider
- Department of Infection Control, Intermed Hospital, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Nellie Tumu
- Department of Infection Control, Port Moresby General Hospital, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea
| | - Wieslawa Duszynska
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Le Thi Thu Nguyet
- Department of Infection Control, Thanh Nhan Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Pravin K Nair
- Department of Infection Control, Holy Spirit Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Ziad A Memish
- Department of Infection Control, King Saud Medical City, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Hoang HM, Dao CX, Huy Ngo H, Okamoto T, Matsubara C, Do SN, Bui GTH, Bui HQ, Duong NT, Nguyen NT, Vuong TX, Van Vu K, Phạm TT, Van Bui C. Efficacy of compliance with ventilator-associated pneumonia care bundle: A 24-month longitudinal study at Bach Mai Hospital, Vietnam. SAGE Open Med 2024; 12:20503121231223467. [PMID: 38249955 PMCID: PMC10798102 DOI: 10.1177/20503121231223467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction To decrease the risk of complications from ventilator-associated pneumonia, it is essential to implement preventative measures in all ICU patients. Since 2018, with the help of Japanese experts, we have applied a ventilator-associated pneumonia care bundle with 10 basic standards in patient care and monitoring. Therefore, we conducted a study to evaluate the results of applying 10 solutions to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia over 24 months. Methods A cross-sectional descriptive study with longitudinal follow-up for 24 months on 170 mechanically ventilated patients at the Center for Critical Care Medicine, Bach Mai Hospital. According to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC, 2021), the diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia is when pneumonia appears 48 h after intubation by confirmation by at least two doctors. Evaluate compliance with each solution in the care bundle through camera monitoring, medical records, and directly on patients daily. Results The rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia is 12.9%, the frequency of occurrence is 16.54 of 1000 days. The compliance rate for complete compliance with a 10-item ventilator-associated pneumonia was only 1.8%, while the average value was 84.1%. Average values of compliance with each solution for hand hygiene, head elevation 30-45 degrees, oral hygiene, stopping sedation, breathing circuit management, cuff pressure management, hypoplastic suction, Spontaneous breathing trial (SBT) daily and assessed extubation, mobilization and early leaving bed, ulcer and thrombosis prevention were 96.9%, 97.3%, 99.4%, 81.5%, 99.9%, 99.9%, 86.3%, 83.5%, 49.3%, and 46.4%, respectively. The time to appear ventilator-associated pneumonia in the high compliance group was 46.7 ± 5.0 days, higher than in the low compliance group, 10.3 ± 0.7 days, p < 0.001. Conclusions A 10-item ventilator-associated pneumonia care bundle has helped reduce the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia. To reduce the risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia and shorten ICU and hospital stays, it is essential to fully adhere to subglottic secretion suction, daily SBT, and early mobilization and leaving the bed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoan Minh Hoang
- Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Nam Dinh University of Nursing, Nam Dinh, Vietnam
| | - Co Xuan Dao
- Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Tatsuya Okamoto
- National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Son Ngoc Do
- Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
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