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Bouhrour N, Nibbering PH, Bendali F. Medical Device-Associated Biofilm Infections and Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens. Pathogens 2024; 13:393. [PMID: 38787246 PMCID: PMC11124157 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13050393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Medical devices such as venous catheters (VCs) and urinary catheters (UCs) are widely used in the hospital setting. However, the implantation of these devices is often accompanied by complications. About 60 to 70% of nosocomial infections (NIs) are linked to biofilms. The main complication is the ability of microorganisms to adhere to surfaces and form biofilms which protect them and help them to persist in the host. Indeed, by crossing the skin barrier, the insertion of VC inevitably allows skin flora or accidental environmental contaminants to access the underlying tissues and cause fatal complications like bloodstream infections (BSIs). In fact, 80,000 central venous catheters-BSIs (CVC-BSIs)-mainly occur in intensive care units (ICUs) with a death rate of 12 to 25%. Similarly, catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CA-UTIs) are the most commonlyhospital-acquired infections (HAIs) worldwide.These infections represent up to 40% of NIs.In this review, we present a summary of biofilm formation steps. We provide an overview of two main and important infections in clinical settings linked to medical devices, namely the catheter-asociated bloodstream infections (CA-BSIs) and catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CA-UTIs), and highlight also the most multidrug resistant bacteria implicated in these infections. Furthermore, we draw attention toseveral useful prevention strategies, and advanced antimicrobial and antifouling approaches developed to reduce bacterial colonization on catheter surfaces and the incidence of the catheter-related infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesrine Bouhrour
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia 06000, Algeria;
| | - Peter H. Nibbering
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Farida Bendali
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia 06000, Algeria;
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Curtis K, Gough K, Krishnasamy M, Tarasenko E, Hill G, Keogh S. Central venous access device terminologies, complications, and reason for removal in oncology: a scoping review. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:498. [PMID: 38641574 PMCID: PMC11027380 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12099-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lack of agreed terminology and definitions in healthcare compromises communication, patient safety, optimal management of adverse events, and research progress. The purpose of this scoping review was to understand the terminologies used to describe central venous access devices (CVADs), associated complications and reasons for premature removal in people undergoing cancer treatment. It also sought to identify the definitional sources for complications and premature removal reasons. The objective was to map language and descriptions used and to explore opportunities for standardisation. METHODS A systematic search of MedLine, PubMed, Cochrane, CINAHL Complete and Embase databases was performed. Eligibility criteria included, but were not limited to, adult patients with cancer, and studies published between 2017 and 2022. Articles were screened and data extracted in Covidence. Data charting included study characteristics and detailed information on CVADs including terminologies and definitional sources for complications and premature removal reasons. Descriptive statistics, tables and bar graphs were used to summarise charted data. RESULTS From a total of 2363 potentially eligible studies, 292 were included in the review. Most were observational studies (n = 174/60%). A total of 213 unique descriptors were used to refer to CVADs, with all reasons for premature CVAD removal defined in 84 (44%) of the 193 studies only, and complications defined in 56 (57%) of the 292 studies. Where available, definitions were author-derived and/or from national resources and/or other published studies. CONCLUSION Substantial variation in CVAD terminology and a lack of standard definitions for associated complications and premature removal reasons was identified. This scoping review demonstrates the need to standardise CVAD nomenclature to enhance communication between healthcare professionals as patients undergoing cancer treatment transition between acute and long-term care, to enhance patient safety and rigor of research protocols, and improve the capacity for data sharing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerrie Curtis
- Department of Nursing, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia.
- Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Karla Gough
- Department of Nursing, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Health Services Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Meinir Krishnasamy
- Department of Nursing, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Health Services Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre Alliance, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Geoff Hill
- Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Samantha Keogh
- Centre for Healthcare Transformation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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Yu P, Yang R, Cen C. Evaluation of the prevention effect of high-quality nursing quality control in disinfection supply center on nosocomial infection. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e35459. [PMID: 38215132 PMCID: PMC10783402 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
To explore the application effect of high-quality nursing quality control in disinfection supply center. The control group consisted of 1850 medical devices managed using the conventional quality control mode from January 2021 to December 2021, while the observation group consisted of 1900 medical devices managed using the high-quality nursing quality control mode from January 2022 to December 2022. The qualified rates of equipment cleaning, sterilization, and packaging were analyzed in both the observation and control groups. The occurrence of nosocomial infections in 2021 and 2022 were compared, and the changes in the Beck-Srivaatava stress scale index (BSSI) and Symptom Checklist-90 scores of the staff before and after implementing the high-quality nursing quality control mode were analyzed. The qualified rate of equipment cleaning, sterilization, and packaging in the observation group were 99.08%, 99.73%, and 99.78%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < .05). The incidence of nosocomial infections in interventional and surgical cases in 2022 was 0.79%, which was significantly lower than that in 2021 (P < .05). The BSSI score of female staff was (68.76 ± 7.81) points, which was higher than that of male staff (P < .05). After the implementation of the high-quality nursing quality control mode, the BSSI score of the staff was (47.76 ± 9.12) points, which was significantly lower than that before implementation (P < .05). After the implementation of the high-quality nursing quality control mode, the staff's Symptom Checklist-90 scores for somatization, compulsion, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, hostility, and paranoia were (1.28 ± 0.29), (1.53 ± 0.24), (1.50 ± 0.21), (1.46 ± 0.32), (1.44 ± 0.26), and (1.38 ± 0.30) points, respectively, showing a decrease compared to before implementation (P < .05). The high-quality nursing quality control mode has great application value in the disinfection supply center. It can effectively improve the qualified rates of equipment cleaning, sterilization, and packaging, prevent nosocomial infections and improve the working pressure and psychological health of staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yu
- Central Sterile Supply Department, Renhe Hospital Affiliated to China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Rong Yang
- Department of Nursing, Renhe Hospital Affiliated to China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Changfei Cen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renhe Hospital Affiliated to China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
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Masferrer E, Riera-Rodríguez L, Farré-Alins V, Vilà de Muga S, Arroyo-Muñoz FJ, González-Caro MD. Randomized controlled trial on healthy volunteers of pharmacokinetic and antimicrobial activity of a novel hydrogel-containing chlorhexidine dressing to prevent catheter-related bloodstream infection. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 10:1335364. [PMID: 38259833 PMCID: PMC10800819 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1335364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Catheter-related blood stream infection (CRBSI) is one of the most relevant complications associated to the use of intravascular catheters. In this context, chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) releasing dressings have been developed to reduce the catheter colonization rate and the risk of infection. The aim of this study is to analyze the release rate of CHG and the antimicrobial activity of a novel CHG-releasing dressing, Oper film® protect CHG, and to compare these parameters to those of the dressing Tegaderm™ CHG in healthy volunteers. Methods The study was performed in a cohort of 25 healthy volunteers. Two commercially available chlorhexidine-containing dressings were evaluated and compared in this study, Oper film® protect CHG and Tegaderm™ CHG. The release of CHG and the antimicrobial capacity was determined for one week. Results HPLC analysis revealed that both dressings have an equivalent CHG release to the skin 2 days (Oper film® protect CHG, 321 μg/cm2; Tegaderm™ CHG, 279 μg/cm2) and 7 days (Oper film® protect CHG, 456 μg/cm2; Tegaderm™ CHG, 381 μg/cm2) after the placement of the products in the non-disinfected back of the subjects. On the other hand, Oper film® protect CHG and Tegaderm™ CHG similarly reduced colony forming units (CFU) in cultures obtained from the skin under the CHG-containing hydrogel compared to control cultures at both 2 days (control, 3.34 log10 cfu/cm2; Oper film® protect CHG, 0.64 log10 cfu/cm2; Tegaderm™ CHG, 0.7 log10 cfu/cm2) and 7 days (control, 3.95 log10 cfu/cm2; Oper film® protect CHG, 0.11 log10 cfu/cm2; Tegaderm™ CHG, 1 log10 cfu/cm2). Discussion Data confirm that the recent commercially available dressing Oper film® protect CHG maintains the release of CHG and the antimicrobial activity during at least 7 days, and possesses equivalent drug release and antimicrobial action to Tegaderm™ CHG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emili Masferrer
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain
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Xu H, Hyun A, Mihala G, Rickard CM, Cooke ML, Lin F, Mitchell M, Ullman AJ. The effectiveness of dressings and securement devices to prevent central venous catheter-associated complications: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Nurs Stud 2024; 149:104620. [PMID: 37879273 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2023.104620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Central venous catheters are commonly used in healthcare, but they come with a range of potential complications. Over the last 15 years, an influx of securement and dressing products has been released, with unknown overall effectiveness to prevent these complications. OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of dressings and securement devices for central venous catheters on a range of common complications including catheter-related bloodstream infection, catheter tip colonisation, entry/exit-site infection, skin colonisation, skin irritation, failed catheter securement, dressing durability and mortality. DESIGN Systematic review with meta-analysis. METHODS Following standard Cochrane methods, a systematic search of Cochrane Wounds Trials Register, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE Ovid, Embase Ovid, EBSCO CINAHL, and multiple clinical trial registries was completed in November 2022. Randomised controlled trials evaluating the effectiveness of dressing and securement devices for all CVC types were included. A random-effects model was used during the meta-analysis. Results were expressed using risk ratio (RR), rate ratio, or mean difference (MD), with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). Methodological quality and bias were assessed. RESULTS We included 46 studies involving 10,054 participants. All studies had either an unclear or high-performance bias. The blinding of outcome assessment was unclear in most studies. Chlorhexidine gluconate-impregnated dressings, compared with standard polyurethane dressings, may reduce the incidence (7 studies; N = 5816; RR 0.60, 95 % CI 0.44-0.83; low certainty evidence) and rate (4 studies; N = 4447; RR 0.51, 95 % CI 0.32-0.79; moderate certainty evidence) of catheter-related bloodstream infection and catheter tip colonisation (8 studies; N = 4788; RR 0.70, 95 % CI 0.52-0.95; very low certainty evidence). Medication-impregnated dressings may reduce the incidence of catheter-related bloodstream infection (6 studies; N = 5687; RR 0.60, 95 % CI 0.39-0.93; low certainty evidence) and catheter-tip colonisation (7 studies; N = 4769; RR 0.60, 95 % CI 0.47-0.76; low certainty evidence) relative to non-impregnated dressing types. Tissue adhesive may increase the risk of skin irritation or damage compared with integrated securement dressings (3 studies; N = 166; RR 1.88, 95 % CI 1.09-3.24; low certainty evidence) or sutureless securement devices (4 studies; N = 241; RR 1.64, 95 % CI 1.10-2.44; moderate certainty evidence). Tissue adhesive increased dressing durability compared with integrated securement dressings (MD 43.03 h, 95 % CI 4.88-81.18; moderate certainty evidence) and sutureless securement devices (MD 42.90 h, 4.64-81.16; moderate certainty evidence). Tissue adhesive increased failed catheter securement rate compared with suture (2 studies; N = 103; RR 9.33, 95 % CI 1.10-79.21; moderate certainty evidence). CONCLUSIONS The findings of the review provide insights and guidance for clinicians in selecting the appropriate dressings and securements for catheters. Findings should be interpreted with caution due to heterogeneity in catheters and patient types. REGISTRATION #CD010367. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT Time to implement chlorhexidine gluconate-impregnated dressings to prevent catheter-related bloodstream infections; a meta-analysis by @GraceNP and team.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xu
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Wiser Wound Care, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Nursing and Midwifery Research Centre, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Butterfield St, Herston, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Alliance for Vascular Access Teaching and Research (AVATAR), Schools of Nursing and Midwifery and Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Areum Hyun
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Gabor Mihala
- The Australasian Kidney Trials Network, Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Claire M Rickard
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Wiser Wound Care, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Nursing and Midwifery Research Centre, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Butterfield St, Herston, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Alliance for Vascular Access Teaching and Research (AVATAR), Schools of Nursing and Midwifery and Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Herston Infectious Diseases Institute, Metro North Health, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia.
| | - Marie L Cooke
- Alliance for Vascular Access Teaching and Research (AVATAR), Schools of Nursing and Midwifery and Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Frances Lin
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia; School of Health, University of the Sunshine Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Marion Mitchell
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Amanda J Ullman
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Wiser Wound Care, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Alliance for Vascular Access Teaching and Research (AVATAR), Schools of Nursing and Midwifery and Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Centre for Child Health Research, Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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6
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Azzopardi A, Trapani J. Chlorhexidine-based versus non-chlorhexidine dressings to prevent catheter-related bloodstream infections: An evidence-based review. Nurs Crit Care 2024; 29:191-195. [PMID: 36579384 DOI: 10.1111/nicc.12879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In patients with central venous catheters (CVCs) in situ, the development of catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs) is often linked with increased morbidity and mortality. Sterile gauze or transparent polyurethane dressings are conventionally used as extraluminal barriers; however, antimicrobial chlorhexidine CVC dressings could potentially reduce infection risk. This short evidence-based review examined the literature comparing the effectiveness of chlorhexidine-based CVC dressings against non-chlorhexidine dressings in reducing CRBSI occurrence. Four systematic reviews with meta-analysis were reviewed, all of which reported a statistically significant reduction in CRBSI occurrence on using chlorhexidine-based dressings. Further research is needed to determine the cost-effectiveness of chlorhexidine-based CVC dressings and their effectiveness in reducing CRBSIs in different catheter types and entry sites because infection risk is not uniform.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Josef Trapani
- Department of Nursing, University of Malta, L-Imsida, Malta
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Teschner D, Berisha M, Panse J, Schmitt T, Fiegle E, Naendrup JH, Neitz J, Schmidt-Hieber M, Hentrich M, Böll B, Schalk E. Chlorhexidine gluconate-coated gel pad dressings for prevention of central venous catheter-related bloodstream infections in patients with hematologic diseases or autologous stem cell transplantation: A registry-based matched-pair analysis. Eur J Haematol 2023; 111:914-921. [PMID: 37705250 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.14098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG)-coated gel pad dressings for central venous catheter (CVC) may prevent CVC-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI). However, real-world data showing beneficial effects in patients with hematologic malignancies are scarce. METHODS In a matched-pair analysis with data from a multicenter CVC registry, non-tunneled jugular and subclavian vein CVC in adults with hematologic malignancies or germ cell tumors (including patients receiving autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation [ASCT]) with CHG were compared with non-CHG dressings. The primary endpoint was definite CRBSI rate within 14 days (dCRBSI14) of CVC insertion; secondary endpoints were combined rate of definite or probable CRBSI within 14 days (dpCRBSI14), overall (dpCRBSI), and CRBSI incidences of all estimates. RESULTS In total, 2070 CVCs were assessed. There was no statistically significant difference in dCRBSI14 (2.3% vs. 3.5%) between patients with and without CHG gel dressings. Likewise, with regards to dpCRBSI14 (6.2% vs. 6.3%) and the overall dpCRBSI rate (9.2% vs. 10.5%), no significant difference was detected. Furthermore, dCRBSI14 incidence (2.0 vs. 3.2/1000 CVC days), dpCRBSI14 incidence (5.4 vs. 5.6/1000 CVC days), and overall CRBSI incidence (5.5 vs. 6.0/1000 CVC days) showed no significant differences. CONCLUSIONS CRBSI rates were not reduced by the use of CHG gel dressings in patients with hematologic malignancies and/or ASCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Teschner
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Hematology, and Medical Oncology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mirjeta Berisha
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Medical Faculty, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jens Panse
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Aachen, Bonn, Cologne, Düsseldorf (ABCD), Germany
| | - Timo Schmitt
- Department of Hematology, and Medical Oncology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Hamm Hospital Nahetal, Bad Kreuznach, Germany
| | - Eva Fiegle
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Aachen, Bonn, Cologne, Düsseldorf (ABCD), Germany
| | - Jan-Hendrik Naendrup
- Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Aachen, Bonn, Cologne, Düsseldorf (ABCD), Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Julia Neitz
- Department of Hematology, and Oncology, Red Cross Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Schmidt-Hieber
- Clinic of Hematology, Oncology, Pneumology, and Nephrology, Carl-Thiem-Hospital Cottbus, Cottbus, Germany
| | - Marcus Hentrich
- Department of Hematology, and Oncology, Red Cross Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Boris Böll
- Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Aachen, Bonn, Cologne, Düsseldorf (ABCD), Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Enrico Schalk
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Medical Faculty, Magdeburg, Germany
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Sakurai T, Nakamura M, Sasaki H, Fukuzawa T, Kudo H, Ando R, Okubo R, Hashimoto M, Tada K, Wada M. Risk factors for catheter-related bloodstream infections in patients with intestinal failure undergoing home parenteral nutrition: a single-center study. Pediatr Surg Int 2023; 39:283. [PMID: 37847289 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-023-05555-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The incidence and risk factors of catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI) in patients with intestinal failure (IF) have not been established, partly because catheter management methods vary from different facilities. This study aimed to identify the risk factors and incidence rate of CRBSIs in patients with IF who were given prophylactic treatment. METHODS Sixteen patients with IF who required home parenteral nutrition were enrolled in this study. Prophylactic management of CRBSI included monthly ethanol lock therapy and standardized infection prevention education. The outcomes included the incidence and risk factors of CRBSI. RESULTS The median incidence rate of CRBSI was 1.2 per 1000 catheter days. Univariate analysis showed that the risk of developing CRBSI was significantly associated with short bowel syndrome (< 30 cm) (p = 0.016). Other relevant findings included a significant negative correlation between serum albumin and CRBSI rate (r = - 0.505, p = 0.046), and past history of mixed bacterial infections was significantly associated with increased CRBSI rate (p = 0.013). CONCLUSION CRBSIs can still develop despite undergoing prophylactic management. Risk factors for CRBSI include the residual intestinal length, nutritional status, and susceptibility to certain microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Sakurai
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Megumi Nakamura
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Sasaki
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Taichi Fukuzawa
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Hironori Kudo
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Ryo Ando
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Ryuji Okubo
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Hashimoto
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Kesuke Tada
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Motoshi Wada
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi P O'Grady
- From the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD
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10
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Hsieh HC, Hsieh CC, Chen TY, Cheng CH, Mu PF, Chow LH, Tsay SF, Lee HF. Decreasing the incidence of central line-associated bloodstream infection in a medical intensive care unit: a best practice implementation project. JBI Evid Implement 2023; 21:229-240. [PMID: 37358007 DOI: 10.1097/xeb.0000000000000379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Bloodstream infections are common in critically ill patients using central venous access devices (CVAD) in intensive care units (ICU). This project aimed to decrease the incidence of central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI) by using evidence-based strategies. METHODS The project applied the JBI audit and feedback methods. Thirty-two nurses and five resident physicians from the medical ICU of a medical center participated in the project. Preintervention compliance was measured for the 11 key evidence-based criteria (six audit criteria of central venous catheter insertion and five audit criteria of dressing and catheter securement). Strategies were implemented to overcome the barriers identified in the baseline assessment. Impact evaluation and sustainability were conducted to change the CLABSI rate and the competence of healthcare professionals in providing CVAD care. The JBI Practical Application of Clinical Evidence System and Getting Research into Practice audit tools were used for the data collection, analysis, and implementation planning. RESULTS Barriers included insufficient knowledge among nurses and physicians, poor compliance with the standard CVAD insertion procedure by physicians, inadequate cooperation among the CVAD care team members, and lack of CVAD-related equipment. The strategies included education and training in CVAD care, the establishment of a team resource management program, and the provision of appropriate equipment. Following project implementation, the CLABSI rate decreased from 8.38 to 3.9 BSIs/1000 CVAD-days. CONCLUSIONS The project successfully decreased the CLABSI rate and increased the competence of healthcare professionals. Implementation of best practices in clinical care should focus on leadership, team resource management, education, monitoring, and innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Chen Hsieh
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital
| | - Chih-Cheng Hsieh
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan
| | - Tzu-Ying Chen
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital
| | - Chiao-Hua Cheng
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital
| | - Pei-Fan Mu
- Institution of Clinical Nursing, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Taiwan Evidence-Based Practice Centre: A JBI Centre of Excellence, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Lok-Hi Chow
- Taiwan Evidence-Based Practice Centre: A JBI Centre of Excellence, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University
- Research Division, Center for Evidence-based Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shwu Feng Tsay
- Taiwan Holistic Care Evidence Implementation Center: A JBI Affiliation Center, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing and Healthcare, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Health Services Administration, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Huan-Fang Lee
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital
- Taiwan Holistic Care Evidence Implementation Center: A JBI Affiliation Center, Taichung, Taiwan
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Garcia R. Moving Beyond Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infections: Enhancement of the Prevention Process. JOURNAL OF INFUSION NURSING 2023; 46:217-222. [PMID: 37406336 DOI: 10.1097/nan.0000000000000509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
The provision of medications and other treatments via intravenous (IV) therapy has provided millions of health care patients with extended benefits. IV therapy, however, is also associated with complications, such as associated bloodstream infections. Understanding the mechanisms of development and the factors that have contributed to the recent increases in such health care-acquired infections assists in formulating new preventive strategies that include the implementation of hospital-onset bacteremia, an innovative model that requires surveillance and prevention of bloodstream infections associated with all types of vascular access devices, expansion of vascular access service teams (VAST), and use of advanced antimicrobial dressings designed to reduce bacterial proliferation over the currently recommended time periods for maintenance of IV catheters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Garcia
- Infection Prevention Consultant, Enhanced Epidemiology, Valley Stream, New York
- Robert Garcia, BS, MT(ASCP), CIC, FAPIC, has been an infection preventionist/consultant for 43 years and a member of the Association for Professionals in Infection Control & Epidemiology (APIC). He received a Bachelor of Science in Community Health from St. Joseph's College in 1982 and has been certified in infection control since 1984 by the Certification Board in Infection Control. Mr Garcia was elected in 2016 as a fellow in APIC 2016, a designation for experienced infection preventionists who have had significant contributions to the field of infection prevention. In addition, Mr Garcia has been an infection preventionist/director at 9 hospitals in New York, most recently as a senior instructional support specialist at the Healthcare Epidemiology Department, Stony Brook University Hospital (Stony Brook, NY). He is a principal national researcher on the effectiveness of silver-hydrogel urinary catheters, chlorhexidine skin antisepsis, and comprehensive oral care to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia. Mr Garcia is an international speaker on infection prevention issues, such as health care-associated infections, microbiology, diagnostic and antibiotic stewardship, and environmental contamination
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Assessing the methodological quality of studies included in systematic reviews: Interpretation of scores. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2023; 44:169-170. [PMID: 35833465 DOI: 10.1017/ice.2022.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Gallart E, Delicado M, Nuvials X. [Update of the recommendations of the Bacteraemia Zero Project]. ENFERMERIA INTENSIVA 2022; 33:S31-S39. [PMID: 35911623 PMCID: PMC9315357 DOI: 10.1016/j.enfi.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
El proyecto Bacteriemia Zero (BZ) fue el primero de los Proyectos Zero que se implementó en las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI), consiguiendo una disminución de las tasas de infección relacionadas con catéter por debajo de las recomendadas por los estándares de calidad de las sociedades científicas. A raíz de la pandemia causada por el SARS-CoV-2 en las UCI, se ha observado un incremento importante de estas tasas de infección. El incremento de las tasas de infección y la necesidad de incorporar en la práctica clínica la mejor evidencia disponible, justifica la necesidad de actualizar las recomendaciones del proyecto BZ. Se constituyó un grupo de trabajo formado por miembros de las diferentes sociedades científicas que consideró que el paquete de medidas obligatorias del proyecto no debía modificarse debido a su eficacia demostrada y decidió incorporar, después de su revisión, las siguientes medidas opcionales: uso de catéteres impregnados con antimicrobianos, uso de apósitos impregnados con clorhexidina, uso de tapones con solución antiséptica en los conectores e higiene corporal diaria con clorhexidina.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gallart
- Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Grupo de Investigación Multidisciplinar de Enfermería, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, España
| | - M Delicado
- Organización Sanitaria Integrada Bilbao-Basurto Basurto, España
| | - X Nuvials
- Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Grupo de Investigación SODIR, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
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Strategies to prevent central line-associated bloodstream infections in acute-care hospitals: 2022 Update. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2022; 43:553-569. [PMID: 35437133 PMCID: PMC9096710 DOI: 10.1017/ice.2022.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Waqar M, Chari A, Islim AI, Davies B, Fountain DM, Larkin S, Jenkinson MD, Patel HC. Chlorhexidine dressings could reduce external ventricular drain infections: results from a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Hosp Infect 2021; 117:37-43. [PMID: 34174379 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2021.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of external ventricular drain (EVD) infections remains high. Chlorhexidine dressings have demonstrated efficacy in reducing infections associated with indwelling catheters at other body sites, although evidence for their use with EVDs is limited. AIM The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the efficacy of chlorhexidine dressings in reducing EVD associated cerebrospinal fluid infection (EVDAI). METHODS Systematic review and meta-analysis. MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane library were queried for articles from inception. The primary outcome was the incidence of EVDAI. Secondary outcomes included device safety, microbiological outcomes and shunt-dependency. FINDINGS From 896 unique records, 5 studies were included of which 4 presented suitable data for quantitative analysis including 3 case series and one underpowered randomised controlled trial. There was a high risk of bias in all studies. 880 patients were included with a mean age of 57.7 years (95% CI 57.4-58.0 years). In primary outcome analysis, the chlorhexidine dressing group had a significantly lower incidence of EVDAI (1.7% vs. 7.9%, RD = 0.07, 95% CI 0.00 - 0.13, p = 0.04). CONCLUSION Chlorhexidine dressings may reduce the incidence of EVDAI but require future study in randomised trials to definitively determine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mueez Waqar
- Department of Academic Neurosurgery, Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Faculty of Biology, Medicines and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
| | - Aswin Chari
- Department of Paediatric Neurosurgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Developmental Neurosciences, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Abdurrahman I Islim
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Davies
- Department of Neurosurgery, Addenbrooke's hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel M Fountain
- Department of Academic Neurosurgery, Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Faculty of Biology, Medicines and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Larkin
- Department of Microbiology, Liverpool University Hospitals, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Michael D Jenkinson
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Hiren C Patel
- Department of Academic Neurosurgery, Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Faculty of Biology, Medicines and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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