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Perez-Montero B, Fermin-Rodriguez ML, Portero-Fuentes M, Sarquis J, Caceres S, Del Portal JCI, de Juan L, Miro G, Cruz-Lopez F. Serum total antioxidant status in dogs: Reference intervals and influence of multiple biological and analytical factors. Vet Clin Pathol 2024. [PMID: 39396933 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.13381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 10/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Total antioxidant status (TAS) is one of the most widely used oxidative stress biomarkers, but the lack of canine RI and the influence of analytical factors hinder its application in clinical practice. OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to establish canine assay-specific RI for TAS and evaluate the sources of biological variation and the association between TAS and multiple hematologic and biochemical variables. METHODS Blood samples from 190 clinically healthy dogs were collected, encompassing pet dogs (82), police dogs (56), and shelter dogs (52). After hematologic and biochemical analysis, serum TAS was determined by means of a commercial 2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzthiazolin-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) test. The American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology guidelines were followed to establish the RI, employing nonparametric methods. Univariate analysis and multivariate analysis were conducted to assess the influence of biological and analytical variables, yielding a final regression model. RESULTS The final reference population comprised 143 dogs, for which the RI was established (1.41-2.27 mmol/L). Partitioning was applied to the three study groups. The regression model revealed that police dogs had significantly higher TAS values than pet dogs. Furthermore, significant associations between four biochemical variables (albumin, globulins, cholesterol, and aspartate aminotransferase) and serum TAS were found. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to establish RI for serum TAS in a large and heterogeneous canine population and provide data on its relationship with analytical variables. These findings could potentially improve the interpretation of TAS in clinical environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Perez-Montero
- Clinical Pathology Service, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - M L Fermin-Rodriguez
- Clinical Pathology Service, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
- Animal Medicine and Surgery Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Portero-Fuentes
- Animal Medicine and Surgery Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Sarquis
- Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - S Caceres
- Animal Physiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - J C Illera Del Portal
- Animal Physiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - L de Juan
- Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - G Miro
- Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - F Cruz-Lopez
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
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Jiménez AG, Strasser R. Effects of Adverse Life History on Oxidative Stress and Cytokine Concentration in Domestic Dogs. J APPL ANIM WELF SCI 2024:1-13. [PMID: 39320276 DOI: 10.1080/10888705.2024.2405168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
Early-life stress has been well studied in humans and laboratory animals; however, the impacts of similar adversity on the welfare of domestic dogs has recently begun to be addressed. For example, associations between processes linked to mitochondrial function, such as oxidative stress (OS) and proinflammatory immune systems, have been under-researched. Yet, mitochondria are targets and mediators of stress pathologies. This study investigates the impact of early-life stress on OS and proinflammatory immune responses in shelter dogs compared to client-owned dogs. We measured OS markers, including total antioxidant capacity (TAC), lipid oxidative damage, catalase (CAT) activity, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) concentration, as well as inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. Shelter dogs exhibited significantly higher lipid oxidative damage (p = 0.0265), lower CAT activity (p = 0.002), higher SOD concentration (p < 0.001), and increased IL-1β levels (p = 0.027) compared to client-owned dogs. Compared to client-owned dogs, shelter dogs showed increased OS and inflammation, suggesting higher susceptibility to zoonotic and chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosemary Strasser
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska Omaha, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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Bharani KK, Devarasetti AK, Carey L, Khurana A, Kollipaka R, Hanuman DDV, Chetla VS, Banothu AK. Effects of ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) root extract on aging-related changes in healthy geriatric dogs: A randomized, double-blinded placebo-controlled study. Vet Med Sci 2024; 10:e1556. [PMID: 39078383 PMCID: PMC11288135 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM This study aimed to explore the clinical potential of Withania somnifera/ashwagandha root extract (ARE) to mitigate age-related changes in healthy geriatric dogs. We hypothesized that ARE can reduce the effects of advancing age, including physiological changes, immune response decline and susceptibility to diseases, by its immunomodulatory effects. METHODS A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in Telangana, India, from July 2022 to September 2022. Twenty apparently healthy dogs, aged 8 years or older, were enrolled. The dogs were divided into two groups to receive ARE (15 mg/kg, once daily, orally) or a placebo control. Various parameters, including serum cortisol levels, haematological profiles, biochemical markers, antioxidant indicators and anti-inflammatory responses, were assessed at the initiation of study, day 30, and day 60. RESULTS The erythrocyte count and haemoglobin levels were significantly increased with ARE (p < 0.001), whereas leukocyte count decreased (p < 0.05). Moreover, significant decreases in important markers of liver function (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, albumin and globulin; p < 0.001 at day 60), as well as kidney function markers (creatinine and blood urea nitrogen; p < 0.001 at days 30 and 60), were observed in ARE-treated dogs compared to the placebo control group. In addition, the levels of markers of oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione and malondialdehyde) were significantly modulated by ARE intervention, indicating strong antioxidant effects. Interestingly, serum cortisol levels reduced significantly with ARE (p < 0.001). Compared to baseline, ARE significantly decreased key inflammatory markers, including interferon-γ, tumour necrosis factor-α, nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells and interleukin-10 (p < 0.001) levels at day 60. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the findings of this study suggest that ARE has adaptogenic properties in healthy geriatric dogs by improving haematological and biochemical profiles, enhancing antioxidant defence, reducing stress and modulating inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kala Kumar Bharani
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and ToxicologyCollege of Veterinary Science (CVSc)PVNRTVUHyderabadTelanganaIndia
| | - Ashok Kumar Devarasetti
- Department of Veterinary BiochemistryCollege of Veterinary Science (CVSc)PVNRTVUWarangalTelanganaIndia
| | - Latha Carey
- Department of Veterinary Surgery & RadiologyCollege of Veterinary Science (CVSc)PVNRTVUWarangalTelanganaIndia
| | - Amit Khurana
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and ToxicologyCollege of Veterinary Science (CVSc), PVNRTVUHyderabadTelanganaIndia
| | | | - Donga Durga Veera Hanuman
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and ToxicologyCollege of Veterinary Science (CVSc)PVNRTVUHyderabadTelanganaIndia
| | - Vinaya Sree Chetla
- Department of Veterinary PhysiologyCollege of Veterinary Science (CVSc)PVNRTVUHyderabadTelanganaIndia
| | - Anil Kumar Banothu
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and ToxicologyCollege of Veterinary Science (CVSc)PVNRTVUHyderabadTelanganaIndia
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Lei MC, Félix L, Cardoso R, Monteiro SM, Silva S, Venâncio C. Non-Invasive Biomarkers in Saliva and Eye Infrared Thermography to Assess the Stress Response of Calves during Transport. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2311. [PMID: 37508087 PMCID: PMC10376388 DOI: 10.3390/ani13142311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal transport is currently a stressful procedure. Therefore, animal-based indicators are needed for reliable and non-invasive welfare assessment. Saliva is a biospecimen with potential validity for the determination of cortisol and oxidative stress, although its use to assess calf welfare during transport has never been tested. Similarly, the applicability and reliability of infrared thermography to assess temperature change during calves' transport have never been evaluated. These objectives were outlined following the known and growing need to identify non-invasive methodologies for stress assessment in bovines. This study was conducted on 20 calves of the Arouquesa autochthone breed, at about nine months of age, during their transport to slaughter. For each animal, saliva samples and thermographic images of the eye were collected at three time points: before transport, after transport, and at slaughter. The saliva was then processed to measure cortisol levels and oxidative stress parameters (reactive oxygen species, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance, carbonyls, and advanced oxidation protein products), and the images were analyzed using FLIR Tools+ software. There was an increase in cortisol concentration and oxidative stress parameters (reactive oxygen species, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance, carbonyls, and advanced oxidation protein products) in saliva after transport. An increase in eye temperature triggered by transport was also observed. The cortisol and eye temperature results at slaughter were returned to values similar to those before transport; however, the values of oxidative stress remained increased (mainly TBARS values). These non-invasive techniques seem to be reliable indicators of stress in bovine transport, and oxidative stress parameters in saliva may be a persistent marker for welfare assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Caipira Lei
- University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS)-CESPU (IUCS-CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Luís Félix
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Inov4Agro, Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Cardoso
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Sandra Mariza Monteiro
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Inov4Agro, Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Biology and Environment, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Severiano Silva
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), Associate Laboratory of Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Carlos Venâncio
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Inov4Agro, Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), Associate Laboratory of Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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Wilson SM, Oba PM, Applegate CC, Koziol SA, Panasevich MR, Norton SA, Swanson KS. Effects of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product-supplemented diet on fecal characteristics, oxidative stress, and blood gene expression of adult dogs undergoing transport stress. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skac378. [PMID: 36373401 PMCID: PMC9838799 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product (SCFP) was shown to positively alter fecal microbiota, fecal metabolites, oxidative stress, and circulating immune cell function of adult dogs. The objective of this study was to measure the effects of SCFP on fecal characteristics, serum oxidative stress biomarkers, and whole blood gene expression of dogs undergoing transport stress. Sixteen adult pointer dogs [8M, 8F; mean age = 6.7 ± 2.1 yr; mean body weight (BW) = 25.5 ± 3.9 kg] were used in a randomized crossover design study. All dogs were fed a control diet for 4 wk, then randomly assigned to a control or SCFP-supplemented diet (formulated to include approximately 0.13% of the active SCFP ingredient) and fed to maintain BW for 11 wk. A 6-wk washout preceded the second 11-wk experimental period with dogs receiving opposite treatments. After 11 wk, fresh fecal and blood samples were collected before and after transport in a van for 45 min. Change from baseline data (i.e., before and after transport) were analyzed using the Mixed Models procedure of SAS 9.4, with P < 0.05 being significant and P < 0.10 being trends. Change in serum malondialdehyde concentrations increased (P < 0.05) and serum 8-isoprostane concentrations tended to increase (P < 0.10) in dogs fed SCFP, but decreased (P < 0.05) in control dogs after transport. Other serum markers were unaffected by diet during transport stress. Fecal dry matter percentage tended to be affected (P < 0.10) by diet during transport stress, being reduced in control dogs, but stable in dogs fed SCFP. Other fecal characteristics were unaffected by diet during transport stress. Genes associated with activation of innate immunity were impacted by diet in response to transport stress, with blood cyclooxygenase-2 and malondialdehyde mRNA expression being increased (P < 0.05) in control dogs, but stable or decreased in dogs fed SCFP. Expression of other genes was unaffected by diet during transport stress. These data suggest that the benefits of feeding a SCFP during transport stress may be mediated through suppression of innate immune cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia M Wilson
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Patricia M Oba
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Catherine C Applegate
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- The Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Samantha A Koziol
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | | | | | - Kelly S Swanson
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Kim H, Yonezawa T, Maeda S, Tamahara S, Matsuki N. Increases in serum carbonylated protein levels of dogs with hypercortisolism. Endocr J 2022; 69:1387-1394. [PMID: 35858780 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej22-0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein carbonylation is an irreversible and degenerative modification that can be used to evaluate oxidative stress caused by glucocorticoids. In this study, we focused on protein carbonylation in dogs with hypercortisolism (HC). Sera samples were collected from 14 dogs diagnosed with HC and treated with trilostane, 12 dogs with inflammatory diseases (disease control group), and eight clinically healthy dogs. When the carbonylated protein levels were detected by the immunoblot analysis, one band of approximately 40 kDa was predominantly increased in the dogs with HC. The band was identified as haptoglobin using the liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method. Furthermore, haptoglobin immune reactivity was higher in the dogs with HC. Although the average protein carbonylation level of the HC group was not significantly different from that of the other groups, the carbonylation level was significantly higher for the poorly controlled HC cases than for the well-controlled HC group. Additionally, the primary culture of canine hepatocytes was used to clarify the direct effect of glucocorticoids on protein carbonylation in dog livers. Both the carbonylated protein and haptoglobin clearly increased after 72 h. These findings suggest that haptoglobin and its carbonylated form are increased with canine HC, and that the protein carbonylation ratio and/or haptoglobin level could be related to disease management. These factors could be useful as biomarkers for an oxidative stress reaction, at least in the liver, and for treatment monitoring of HC.
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Affiliation(s)
- HakChung Kim
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Yonezawa
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shingo Maeda
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tamahara
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoaki Matsuki
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
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7
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Tavares L, Watanabe P, Gomes T, Mendonça I, Souza L, Santos M, Pacheco P, Batista A, Freitas E. Effects of acerola (Malpighia emarginata) by-product on performance, carcass traits, antioxidant activity, and meat quality of growing rabbits. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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8
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Rubio CP, Escribano D, Mainau E, Cerón JJ, Navarro E, Manteca X. Changes in salivary biomarkers of oxidative status in calves at weaning and grouping. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:373. [PMID: 34863169 PMCID: PMC8642975 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-03087-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Saliva is being increasingly used as a sample for measuring biomarkers in several species and shows a high potential of use to detect and monitor stress. The weaning and grouping in dairy calves are a particularly stressful time. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to evaluate a panel of antioxidant and oxidant biomarkers in the saliva of calves on the day of weaning (W0), 2 days after weaning or milk withdrawal (W + 2), and 4 days after grouping (G + 4). In addition, to verify if cortisol and oxytocin concentrations are related to the biomarkers measured. RESULTS Salivary cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), ferric reducing ability of saliva (FRAS), Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), and ferrous oxidation-xylenol orange (FOX) were significantly higher (P < 0.02) 4 days after grouping than the day of weaning and 2 days after. The increases were 50 and 54% for CUPRAC, 93 and 116% for FRAS, 117 and 135% for TEAC, 22 and 49% for AOPP and 10 and 5% for FOX in comparison with weaning and 2 days after, respectively. In addition, oxytocin and cortisol showed significant negative and positive correlations (P < 0.05) respectively with the biomarkers of oxidative status. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that calves after grouping show increases in antioxidants and oxidants concentrations, indicating that a balance between these molecules has been tried to maintain during this stressful situation. The dynamic changes of biomarkers of oxidative status should be explored and characterised in other stressful conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Peres Rubio
- Department of Animal and Food Science, School of Veterinary Science, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Damián Escribano
- Department of Animal and Food Science, School of Veterinary Science, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Mainau
- Department of Animal and Food Science, School of Veterinary Science, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Joaquin Cerón
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Veterinary School, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Elena Navarro
- Department of Animal and Food Science, School of Veterinary Science, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Manteca
- Department of Animal and Food Science, School of Veterinary Science, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
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Ferreira A, Watanabe P, Mendonça I, Ferreira J, Nogueira B, Vieira A, Pinheiro R, Barros T, Zampieri L, Vieira E, Gomes T, Batista A, Leite S, Freitas E. Effects of passion fruit seed (Passiflora edulis) on performance, carcass traits, antioxidant activity, and meat quality of growing rabbits. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.114888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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10
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Pacheco GFE, Bortolin RC, Chaves PR, Moreira JCF, Kessler AM, Trevizan L. Effects of the consumption of polyunsaturated fatty acids on the oxidative status of adult dogs. J Anim Sci 2019; 96:4590-4598. [PMID: 30060203 DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated the alterations of the oxidative stress markers in adult dogs fed with high levels of PUFA from the mixture of soybean oil enriched with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and supplemented with a natural algae-based antioxidant (AOX). Twelve healthy adult (2 years old) Beagle dogs (6 males and 6 females, 11.20 ± 1.92 kg BW), were distributed in 2 completely randomized blocks design and fed with 4 experimental diets coated with 2 lipid sources: saturated (13% bovine tallow) or unsaturated (13% soybean oil enriched with DHA), supplemented or not with 500 mg of AOX for 4 wk, intercalated with a 4-wk adaptation period. Blood samples were collected on days 0, 15, and 30 of each block. Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), sulfhydryl group (SH), protein carbonylation, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and total reactive antioxidant potential (TRAP) were evaluated in the serum, while GSH-Px, SOD, glutathione S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), SH, and TBARS were measured in erythrocytes. There was no significant difference in most of the oxidative markers evaluated. In contrast, GST activity in erythrocytes was greater in the animals that consumed the diets coated with bovine tallow compared to dogs that consumed diets coated with soybean oil enriched with DHA (P < 0.05). Serum from dogs fed on diets supplemented with AOX presented greater TRAP values (P < 0.05). These data demonstrate that the concentrations of unsaturated fatty acids (UNS) used in the diets for dogs were not sufficient to cause large changes in the oxidative status. It was not possible to evaluate the efficiency of the natural antioxidant in maintaining the oxidative balance of the animals as it appears that the oxidative status of the dogs was not challenged by the unsaturated diets. Our findings also suggest that dogs, as descendants from carrion carnivores, may have some natural protection against oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel F E Pacheco
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rafael C Bortolin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universidad de La Costa, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia
| | - Paloma R Chaves
- Department of Biochemistry - Institute of Basic Health Sciences of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - José C F Moreira
- Department of Biochemistry - Institute of Basic Health Sciences of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Alexandre M Kessler
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luciano Trevizan
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Araújo LRS, Watanabe PH, Fernandes DR, Maia IRO, Vieira EHM, Silva EC, Trevisan MTS, Pinheiro RRS, Freitas ER. Ethanol extract of mango seed is a suitable plant-based replacement for synthetic antioxidants in pig grower–finisher diets. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1071/an18100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the inclusion of ethanol extracts of mango seed (EEMS) in growing–finishing pig diets on lipid stability and antioxidant potential of feed, animal performance, carcass traits as well as haematological and biochemical parameters in the serum. Thirty-two barrows that were 60 days old and weighed 20.20 ± 1.34 kg were used in a randomised-block design with four treatments and eight replicates. The treatments consisted of the following: diet without antioxidant addition (negative control); diet with 200 mg of butylate hydroxytoluene/kg (positive control); diet with 200 mg EEMS/kg (EEMS200); and diet with 400 mg EEMS/kg (EEMS400). Diet with synthetic (butylate hydroxytoluene) and natural antioxidants presented better oxidative stability and antioxidant potential than did the negative control. Animals fed 400 mg EEMS/kg presented greater weight gain up to 110 days (P < 0.05). Pigs fed diet containing 200 mg EEMS/kg showed a decrease in red blood cells (P < 0.001) and a higher average corpuscular volume (P < 0.0001), whereas pigs fed control diet had lower average corpuscular haemoglobin concentration than did those in other treatments (P < 0.01). At 140 days of age, dietary addition of 400 mg EEMS/kg decreased malondialdehyde and increased antioxidant potential (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl method) in serum, with the highest phenolic compound concentration found in the serum of pigs fed diet with 200 mg EEMS/kg. The total antioxidant activity in the serum was not influenced by the treatments (P > 0.05). Ethanol mango extracts can be used as an antioxidant in growing–finishing pig diets at levels of 200 and 400 mg/kg without impairment of performance, carcass traits, serum and biochemical parameters. The dietary addition of EEMS at 400 mg/kg improves the performance of pigs at growing phase and contributes to an increase in circulating phenolic compounds, improving the lipid stability and the antioxidant potential of the serum.
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El-Tarabany MS, Ahmed-Farid OA, El-Tarabany AA. Impact of space allowance on performance traits, brain neurotransmitters and blood antioxidant activity of New Zealand White rabbits. Prev Vet Med 2018; 163:44-50. [PMID: 30670185 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this trial was to investigate the effect of space allowance on performance, welfare-related parameters and the levels of brain neurotransmitters in growing male rabbits. In a cage housing system, a total of 96 weaned rabbits were accommodated on three space allowance conditions (S1 = 1425 cm2/rabbit; S2 = 850 cm2/rabbit; S3 = 625 cm2/rabbit), with 8 replicate cages per each group. Rabbits in the S1 and S2 groups showed better daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio compared with the high stocking density group (p = 0.004 and 0.018, respectively). Compared to the highest stocking density group (S3), rabbits in the S1 and S2 groups showed significantly lower serum cortisol, MDA and GSSH level (p = 0.026, 0.018 and 0.009, respectively). The concentration of dopamine in brain tissues was significantly decreased in the S3 group compared with other experimental groups (P = 0.001). However, there was no significant effect of space allowance on the brain AChE level (P = 0.277). Brain serotonin and GABA levels showed a significant decrease in rabbits reared with a limited space allowance (S3) compared with S1 and S2 groups (P = 0.001 and 0.038, respectively). The level of brain MDA was significantly increased in the S3 group compared with the S1 group (P = 0.006). However, there were no detectable differences in the brain ATP level in rabbits reared with different space allowance (P = 0.693). In conclusion, the current study indicates that the 850 cm2/rabbit stocking density has resulted in a better feed intake, and welfare-related conditions compared with the 625 cm2/rabbit. Furthermore, the limited space allowance may impair the most important brain neurotransmitters in male rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud S El-Tarabany
- Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Sharkia, Egypt.
| | - Omar A Ahmed-Farid
- Physiology Department, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Egypt
| | - Akram A El-Tarabany
- Biological Applications Department, Radioisotopes Applications Division, NRC, Atomic Energy Authority, Inshas, Cairo, Egypt
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13
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Does the Stress of Laboratory Life and Experimentation on Animals Adversely Affect Research Data? A Critical Review. Altern Lab Anim 2018; 46:291-305. [DOI: 10.1177/026119291804600501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recurrent acute and/or chronic stress can affect all vertebrate species, and can have serious consequences. It is increasingly and widely appreciated that laboratory animals experience significant and repeated stress, which is unavoidable and is caused by many aspects of laboratory life, such as captivity, transport, noise, handling, restraint and other procedures, as well as the experimental procedures applied to them. Such stress is difficult to mitigate, and lack of significant desensitisation/habituation can result in considerable psychological and physiological welfare problems, which are mediated by the activation of various neuroendocrine networks that have numerous and pervasive effects. Psychological damage can be reflected in stereotypical behaviours, including repetitive pacing and circling, and even self-harm. Physical consequences include adverse effects on immune function, inflammatory responses, metabolism, and disease susceptibility and progression. Further, some of these effects are epigenetic, and are therefore potentially transgenerational: the biology of animals whose parents/grandparents were wild-caught and/or have experienced chronic stress in laboratories could be altered, as compared to free-living individuals. It is argued that these effects must have consequences for the reliability of experimental data and their extrapolation to humans, and this may not be recognised sufficiently among those who use animals in experiments.
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14
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Fontana J, Zima M, Vetvicka V. Biological Markers of Oxidative Stress in Cardiovascular Diseases: After so Many Studies, What do We Know? Immunol Invest 2018; 47:823-843. [DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2018.1523925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Josef Fontana
- Center for Research on Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Zima
- Department of Bioenergetics, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vaclav Vetvicka
- Department of Pathology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY USA
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15
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Pan X, Lu L, Zeng X, Chang Y, Hua X. Effects of Transportation on Antioxidant Status in Cynomolgus Macaques (Macaca fascicularis). JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE : JAALAS 2016; 55:534-540. [PMID: 27657707 PMCID: PMC5029823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the effects of transportation on oxidative stress in cynomolgus monkeys, we measured serum levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde, and protein carbonyl (PC) and the activities of total antioxidant capacity (TAOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase in cynomolgus macaques before transportation (day 0), on the day of arrival (day 1), and on days 7, 14, and 21 after transportation. Compared with that on day 0, TAOC and catalase activities on days 1, 7, and 14 after transportation were significantly decreased, reached their nadirs on day 7, and increased thereafter to reach their pretransportation levels by day 21 after transportation. Compared with day 0 levels, mean SOD activity and GSH concentration were decreased significantly on day 1; they thereafter increased to reach their pretransportation measures by day 7 after transportation. In contrast, PC and malondialdehyde concentrations in serum and the activity of GSH-Px were increased on day 1 compared with day 0 and thereafter decreased to reach their pretransportation levels by day 14 after transportation. In summary, GSH, TAOC, catalase, and SOD levels decreased and malondialdehyde, PC, and GSH-Px concentrations increased in cynomolgus macaques after transportation. These results suggest that transportation might imbalance oxidant and antioxidant levels to create excess oxidative stress in cynomolgus macaques. Therefore, cynomolgus macaques should have at least 21 d to recover after transportation and regain their healthy status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Pan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China; National Shanghai Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research (NCDSER), Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Lu
- National Shanghai Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research (NCDSER), Shanghai, China
| | - Xiancheng Zeng
- National Shanghai Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research (NCDSER), Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Chang
- National Shanghai Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research (NCDSER), Shanghai, China
| | - Xiuguo Hua
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
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