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Nie C, Zhao Y, Wang X, Li Y, Fang B, Wang R, Wang X, Liao H, Li G, Wang P, Liu R. Structure, Biological Functions, Separation, Properties, and Potential Applications of Milk Fat Globule Membrane (MFGM): A Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:587. [PMID: 38474716 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) is a thin film that exists within the milk emulsion, suspended on the surface of milk fat globules, and comprises a diverse array of bioactive components. Recent advancements in MFGM research have sparked a growing interest in its biological characteristics and health-related functions. Thorough exploration and utilization of MFGM as a significant bioactive constituent in milk emulsion can profoundly impact human health in a positive manner. Scope and approach: This review comprehensively examines the current progress in understanding the structure, composition, physicochemical properties, methods of separation and purification, and biological activity of MFGM. Additionally, it underscores the vast potential of MFGM in the development of additives and drug delivery systems, with a particular focus on harnessing the surface activity and stability of proteins and phospholipids present on the MFGM for the production of natural emulsifiers and drug encapsulation materials. KEY FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS MFGM harbors numerous active substances that possess diverse physiological functions, including the promotion of digestion, maintenance of the intestinal mucosal barrier, and facilitation of nerve development. Typically employed as a dietary supplement in infant formula, MFGM's exceptional surface activity has propelled its advancement toward becoming a natural emulsifier or encapsulation material. This surface activity is primarily derived from the amphiphilicity of polar lipids and the stability exhibited by highly glycosylated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Nie
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-Constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462000, China
| | - Yunyi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-Constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462000, China
| | - Xifan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yixuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-Constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462000, China
| | - Bing Fang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-Constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462000, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-Constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462000, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-Constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462000, China
| | - Haiping Liao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-Constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462000, China
| | - Gengsheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-Constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462000, China
| | - Pengjie Wang
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462000, China
| | - Rong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-Constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
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Jyväkorpi SK, Niskanen RT, Markkanen M, Salminen K, Sibakov T, Lehtonen KM, Kunvik S, Pitkala KH, Turpeinen AM, Suominen MH. Effect of Milk Fat Globule Membrane- and Protein-Containing Snack Product on Physical Performance of Older Women-A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2023; 15:2922. [PMID: 37447248 DOI: 10.3390/nu15132922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sarcopenia is common in people 70+ years of age, and its prevalence increases with further aging. Insufficient energy and protein intake accelerates muscle loss, whereas sufficient protein intake and milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) may suppress age-associated deterioration of muscle mass and strength. Our objective was to test whether a snack product high in MFGM and protein would improve physical performance in older women. METHODS In this 12-week randomized controlled trial, women ≥ 70 years, with protein intake < 1.2 g/body weight (BW) kg/day (d), were randomized into intervention (n = 51) and control (n = 50) groups. The intervention group received a daily snack product containing ≥ 23 g of milk protein and 3.6-3.9 g of MFGM. Both groups were advised to perform a five-movement exercise routine. The primary outcome was the change in the five-time-sit-to-stand test between the groups. Secondary outcomes included changes in physical performance, cognition, hand grip strength, and health-related quality of life. RESULTS The change in the five-time-sit-to-stand test did not differ between the intervention and the control groups. The change in the total Short Physical Performance Battery score differed significantly, favoring the intervention group (p = 0.020), and the balance test showed the largest difference. Protein intake increased significantly in the intervention group (+14 g) compared to the control group (+2 g). No other significant changes were observed. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the combination of MFGM and protein may improve the physical performance-related balance of older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satu K Jyväkorpi
- Unit of Primary Health Care, Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riikka T Niskanen
- Unit of Primary Health Care, Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marianna Markkanen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Society for Gerontological Nutrition in Finland, 00700 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Karoliina Salminen
- Unit of Primary Health Care, Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Susanna Kunvik
- Faculty of Health and Welfare, Satakunta University of Applied Sciences, 28101 Pori, Finland
| | - Kaisu H Pitkala
- Unit of Primary Health Care, Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Merja H Suominen
- Unit of Primary Health Care, Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Society for Gerontological Nutrition in Finland, 00700 Helsinki, Finland
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Raza GS, Herzig KH, Leppäluoto J. Invited review: Milk fat globule membrane-A possible panacea for neurodevelopment, infections, cardiometabolic diseases, and frailty. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:7345-7363. [PMID: 33896625 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Milk is an evolutionary benefit for humans. For infants, it offers optimal nutrients for normal growth, neural development, and protection from harmful microbes. Humans are the only mammals who drink milk throughout their life. Lipids in colostrum originate mostly from milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) droplets extruded from the mammary gland. The MFGM gained much interest as a potential nutraceutical, due to their high phospholipid (PL), ganglioside (GD), and protein contents. In this review, we focused on health effects of MFGM ingredients and dairy food across the life span, especially on neurodevelopment, cardiometabolic health, and frailty in older adults. The MFGM supplements to infants and children reduced gastrointestinal and respiratory tract infections and improved neurodevelopment due to the higher content of protein, PL, and GD in MFGM. The MFGM formulas containing PL and GD improved brain myelination and fastened nerve conduction speed, resulting in improved behavioral developments. Administration of MFGM-rich ingredients improved insulin sensitivity and decreased inflammatory markers, LDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides by lowering intestinal absorption of cholesterol and increasing its fecal excretion. The MFGM supplements, together with exercise, improved ambulatory activities, leg muscle mass, and muscle fiber velocity in older adults. There are great variations in the composition of lipids and proteins in MFGM products, which make comparisons of the different studies impossible. In addition, investigations of the individual MFGM components are required to evaluate their specific effects and molecular mechanisms. Although we are currently only beginning to understand the possible health effects of MFGM products, the current MFGM supplementation trials as presented in this review have shown significant clinical health benefits across the human life span, which are worth further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Shere Raza
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Karl-Heinz Herzig
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland; Oulu University Hospital, 90220 Oulu, Finland; Pediatric Institute, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Poznan, Poland
| | - Juhani Leppäluoto
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland.
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Abd El‐Salam MH, El‐Shibiny S. Milk fat globule membrane: An overview with particular emphasis on its nutritional and health benefits. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Safinaz El‐Shibiny
- Dairy Department National Research Centre El‐Behous St Dokki Cairo Egypt
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Daly RM, Gianoudis J, De Ross B, O'Connell SL, Kruger M, Schollum L, Gunn C. Effects of a multinutrient-fortified milk drink combined with exercise on functional performance, muscle strength, body composition, inflammation, and oxidative stress in middle-aged women: a 4-month, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 112:427-446. [PMID: 32469393 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multinutrient protein-enriched supplements are promoted to augment the effects of exercise on muscle mass and strength, but their effectiveness in middle-aged women, or whether there are any additional benefits to physical function, remains uncertain. OBJECTIVES We aimed to evaluate whether a multinutrient-fortified milk drink (MFMD) could enhance the effects of exercise on functional muscle power (stair climbing) in middle-aged women. Secondary aims were to evaluate the intervention effects on physical function, muscle strength, lean mass (LM), fat mass (FM), bone mineral content (BMC), muscle cross-sectional area (CSA), muscle density, balance, flexibility, aerobic fitness, inflammation, oxidative stress, bone and cartilage turnover, blood pressure, and blood lipids. METHODS In this 4-mo, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial, 244 women (45-65 y) participated in a multimodal resistance-type exercise program 3 d/wk, with random allocation to a twice-daily MFMD containing added protein, vitamin D, calcium, milk fat globule membrane (phospholipids and other bioactives), and other micronutrients (Ex + MFMD, n = 123) or an energy-matched placebo (Ex + placebo, n = 121). RESULTS A total of 216 women (89%) completed the study. After 4 mo, both groups experienced similar 3.6%-4.3% improvements in the primary outcomes of fast-pace 5- and 10-step stair ascent power. In contrast, Ex + MFMD experienced greater improvements in 5-step regular-pace stair descent time [net difference (95% CI): -0.09 s (-0.18, 0.00 s), P = 0.045], countermovement jump height [0.5 cm (0.04, 1.0 cm), P = 0.038], total body LM [0.3 kg (0.04, 0.60 kg), P = 0.020], FM [-0.6 kg (-1.0, -0.2 kg), P = 0.004], BMC [0.4% (0.1%, 0.6%), P = 0.020], muscle CSA [thigh: 1.8% (0.6%, 2.9%), P = 0.003; lower leg: 0.9% (0.3%, 1.6%), P = 0.005], balance eyes closed [3.3 s (1.1, 5.4 s), P = 0.005], 2-min step performance [8 steps (3, 12 steps), P = 0.003], and sit-and-reach flexibility [1.4 cm (0.6, 2.2 cm), P = 0.026]. MFMD did not enhance the effects of exercise on any measures of muscle strength, gait speed, dynamic balance, reaction time, or blood lipids, and there was no effect of either intervention on blood pressure, markers of inflammation, or cartilage turnover. Ex + placebo had a greater improvement in the oxidative stress marker protein carbonyls (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS In middle-aged women, daily consumption of an MFMD did not enhance the effects of a multimodal exercise program on the primary outcome of stair climbing ascent power, but did elicit greater improvements in multiple secondary outcomes including various other measures of functional performance, LM, muscle size, FM, balance, aerobic capacity, flexibility, and bone metabolism.This trial was registered at www.anzctr.org.au as ACTRN12617000383369.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin M Daly
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jenny Gianoudis
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Belinda De Ross
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stella L O'Connell
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marlena Kruger
- School of Health Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Linda Schollum
- Fonterra Co-operative Group Ltd, Palmerston, North New Zealand
| | - Caroline Gunn
- Fonterra Co-operative Group Ltd, Palmerston, North New Zealand
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Wei W, Jin Q, Wang X. Human milk fat substitutes: Past achievements and current trends. Prog Lipid Res 2019; 74:69-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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