1
|
Loh WQ, Yin X, Kishida R, Chia SE, Ong CN, Seow WJ. Association between Vitamin A and E Forms and Prostate Cancer Risk in the Singapore Prostate Cancer Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:2677. [PMID: 37375581 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to assess associations between forms of vitamin A and E (both individually and collectively) and the risk of prostate cancer, as well as identify potential effect modifiers. METHODS Utilizing data from the Singapore Prostate Cancer Study, a hospital-based case-control study, we measured the serum concentrations of 15 different forms of vitamins A and E in 156 prostate cancer patients and 118 control subjects, using a high-performance liquid chromatography technique. These forms included retinol, lutein, zeaxanthin, α-cryptoxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin, α-carotene, β-carotene, lycopene, ubiquinone, δ-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, α-tocopherol, δ-tocotrienol, γ-tocotrienol, and α-tocotrienol. The odds ratio and 95% confidence interval for associations between vitamin A and E and prostate cancer risk were estimated using logistic regression models after adjustment for potential confounders. The analyses were further stratified by smoking and alcohol consumption status. The mixture effect of micronutrient groups was evaluated using weighted quantile sum regression. RESULTS Higher concentrations of retinol, lutein, α-carotene, β-carotene, ubiquinone, α-tocopherol, δ-tocotrienol, γ-tocotrienol, and α-tocotrienol were significantly and positively associated with overall prostate cancer risk. Among ever-smokers, associations were stronger for lutein, β-cryptoxanthin and β-carotene compared with never-smokers. Among regular alcohol drinkers, associations were stronger for lutein, β-cryptoxanthin, ubiquinone, γ-tocotrienol and α-tocotrienol compared with non-regular alcohol drinkers. Retinol and α-tocotrienol contributed most to the group indices 'vitamin A and provitamin A carotenoids' and 'vitamin E', respectively. CONCLUSIONS Several serum vitamin A and E forms were associated with prostate cancer risk, with significant effect modification by smoking and alcohol consumption status. Our findings shed light on prostate cancer etiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qi Loh
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 117549, Singapore
| | - Xin Yin
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 117549, Singapore
| | - Rie Kishida
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 117549, Singapore
| | - Sin Eng Chia
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 117549, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Choon Nam Ong
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 117549, Singapore
| | - Wei Jie Seow
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 117549, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Saha P, Sawant S, Deshmukh A, Hole A, Murali Krishna C. Serum Raman spectroscopy: Prognostic applications in oral cancers. Head Neck 2023; 45:1244-1254. [PMID: 36919570 DOI: 10.1002/hed.27338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loco-regional recurrences attributable to field cancerization and minimal residual cancer, remain prime causes of mortality in oral cancer (OC) subjects. The current study evaluates potential of serum Raman spectroscopy (SRS) to identify recurrence-prone OC subjects. METHODS Raman spectra of serum from eight healthy subjects (H) and 57 OC subjects (with-recurrence [R], without-recurrence [NR], and with suspicious-lesions [S]), before (BS) and after (AS) surgical excision of tumor were recorded. OC subjects were followed-up for 7-years. RESULTS DNA and protein alterations were observed in AS sera of all groups. 4-, 3-, and 2-model multivariate analyses were used to stratify BS and AS groups. H spectra were 100% distinguishable from all other groups. AS, R and NR were distinguished with high accuracy (84%) in all models. No stratification (~50%) was observed BS. CONCLUSION SRS shows potential to identify recurrence prone subjects, post-surgery, using serum collected as early as 1 week after surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Panchali Saha
- Tata Memorial Centre, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Education and Research in Cancer, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.,Training School Complex, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sharada Sawant
- Tata Memorial Centre, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Education and Research in Cancer, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Atul Deshmukh
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, D.Y. Patil University, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Arti Hole
- Tata Memorial Centre, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Education and Research in Cancer, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - C Murali Krishna
- Tata Memorial Centre, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Education and Research in Cancer, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.,Training School Complex, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
O’Connor C, Varshosaz P, Moise AR. Mechanisms of Feedback Regulation of Vitamin A Metabolism. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14061312. [PMID: 35334970 PMCID: PMC8950952 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A is an essential nutrient required throughout life. Through its various metabolites, vitamin A sustains fetal development, immunity, vision, and the maintenance, regulation, and repair of adult tissues. Abnormal tissue levels of the vitamin A metabolite, retinoic acid, can result in detrimental effects which can include congenital defects, immune deficiencies, proliferative defects, and toxicity. For this reason, intricate feedback mechanisms have evolved to allow tissues to generate appropriate levels of active retinoid metabolites despite variations in the level and format, or in the absorption and conversion efficiency of dietary vitamin A precursors. Here, we review basic mechanisms that govern vitamin A signaling and metabolism, and we focus on retinoic acid-controlled feedback mechanisms that contribute to vitamin A homeostasis. Several approaches to investigate mechanistic details of the vitamin A homeostatic regulation using genomic, gene editing, and chromatin capture technologies are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine O’Connor
- MD Program, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, 317-MSE Bldg., 935 Ramsey Lake Rd., Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada;
| | - Parisa Varshosaz
- Biology and Biomolecular Sciences Ph.D. Program, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada;
| | - Alexander R. Moise
- Medical Sciences Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, 317-MSE Bldg., 935 Ramsey Lake Rd., Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biology and Biomolecular Sciences Program, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-705-662-7253
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pu Y, Hu S, Chen Y, Zhang Q, Xia C, Deng H, Wang Y, Hu Q. Thymoquinone loaded calcium alginate and polyvinyl alcohol carrier inhibits the 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced hamster oral cancer via the down-regulation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2021; 36:339-351. [PMID: 33068063 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Oral cancer is a multifactorial cancer that affects millions of peoples worldwide. The current exploration aimed to evaluate the mechanisms that thymoquinone nanoencapsulated carrier and its effects on 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) stimulated hamster buccal pouch cancer in Syrian hamster model. Nanocarrier was characterized by SEM, TEM, FTIR analysis. The incidence of tumor, and biochemicals makers was studied through standard methods. The mRNA expression level of inflammatory markers NF-κBp50, NF-κBp65, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR markers in the buccal tissues of control and experimental animals were investigated through RT-PCR analysis. In thymoquinone (TQ) loaded calcium alginate and polyvinyl alcohol carrier (TQ/Ca-alg-PVA) no squamous cell carcinogenesis developed and others moderate dysplasia revealed differentiated form of hyperplasia and keratosis. In biochemical analyses with DMBA + TQ/Ca-alg-PVA (20 mg/kg bw) orally administered hamsters showed restored the antioxidants, detoxification, xenobiotic metabolising enzymes in DMBA induced plasma and oral tissues of hamsters. Further, mRNA expression level of NF-κBp50/p65 and PI3K/AKT/mTOR were upregulated in the DMBA alone painted hamster. In contrast, these expressions were down regulated in orally TQ/Ca-alg-PVA treated experimental animals. This ability more eligible to deregulate the inflammatory and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway that proved it suppresses anti-invasion/metastasis activity during hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis. From this study, we recommended that TQ/Ca-alg-PVA has documented as effective chemopreventive agents, in further many molecular machineries need to study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Pu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatology Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shiqi Hu
- Department of Oral Pathology, Nanjing Stomatology Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongfeng Chen
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatology Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chengwan Xia
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatology Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Han Deng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatology Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatology Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingang Hu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatology Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Grigolato R, Bizzoca ME, Calabrese L, Leuci S, Mignogna MD, Lo Muzio L. Leukoplakia and Immunology: New Chemoprevention Landscapes? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186874. [PMID: 32961682 PMCID: PMC7555729 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) comprise a range of clinical-pathological alterations frequently characterized by an architectural and cytological derangements upon histological analysis. Among them, oral leukoplakia is the most common type of these disorders. This work aims to analyze the possible use of drugs such as immunochemopreventive agents for OPMDs. Chemoprevention is the use of synthetic or natural compounds for the reversal, suppression, or prevention of a premalignant lesion conversion to malignant form. Experimental and in vivo data offer us the promise of molecular prevention through immunomodulation; however, currently, there is no evidence for the efficacy of these drugs in the chemoprevention action. Alternative ways to deliver drugs, combined use of molecules with complementary antitumor activities, diet influence, and better definition of individual risk factors must also be considered to reduce toxicity, improve compliance to the protocol treatment and offer a better individualized prevention. In addition, we must carefully reconsider the mode of action of many traditional cancer chemoprevention agents on the immune system, such as enhancing immunosurveillance and reversing the immune evasion. Several studies emphasize the concept of green chemoprevention as an alternative approach to accent healthy lifestyle changes in order to decrease the incidence of HNSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Grigolato
- Division of Prevention, San Maurizio Hospital, 39100 Bolzano, Italy;
| | - Maria Eleonora Bizzoca
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Luca Calabrese
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology, “San Maurizio” Hospital, 39100 Bolzano, Italy;
| | - Stefania Leuci
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Oral Medicine Unit, Federico II University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy; (S.L.); (M.D.M.)
| | - Michele Davide Mignogna
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Oral Medicine Unit, Federico II University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy; (S.L.); (M.D.M.)
| | - Lorenzo Lo Muzio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
- C.I.N.B.O. (Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Bio-Oncologia), 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0881-588-090
| |
Collapse
|