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Heesbeen EJ, van Kampen T, Verdouw PM, van Lissa C, Bijlsma EY, Groenink L. The effect of SSRIs on unconditioned anxiety: a systematic review and meta-analysis of animal studies. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2024; 241:1731-1755. [PMID: 38980348 PMCID: PMC11339141 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-024-06645-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the first choice of treatment for anxiety-like disorders. However, which aspects of anxiety are affected by SSRIs is not yet fully understood. OBJECTIVE We aimed to systematically review the effect of six clinically effective SSRIs on four aspects of unconditioned anxiety: approach-avoidance behaviour (elevated plus maze), repetitive behaviour (marble burying), distress behaviour (ultrasonic vocalization), and activation of the autonomous nervous system (stress-induced hyperthermia). METHODS We identified publications by searching Medline and Embase databases and assessed the risk of bias. A random effects meta-analysis was performed and moderator effects were analysed with Bayesian penalized meta-regression. RESULTS Our search yielded 105 elevated plus maze, 63 marble burying, 11 ultrasonic vocalization, and 7 stress-induced hyperthermia articles. Meta-analysis suggested that SSRIs reduce anxiety-like behaviour in the elevated plus maze, marble burying and ultrasonic vocalization test and that effects are moderated by pre-existing stress conditions (elevated plus maze) and dose dependency (marble burying) but not by duration of treatment or type of SSRI. The reporting quality was low, publication bias was likely, and heterogeneity was high. CONCLUSION SSRIs seem to reduce a broad range of unconditioned anxiety-associated behaviours. These results should be interpreted with caution due to a high risk of bias, likely occurrence of publication bias, substantial heterogeneity and limited moderator data availability. Our review demonstrates the importance of including bias assessments when interpreting meta-analysis results. We further recommend improving the reporting quality, the conduct of animal research, and the publication of all results regardless of significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise J Heesbeen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tatum van Kampen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - P Monika Verdouw
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Caspar van Lissa
- Department of Methodology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth Y Bijlsma
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lucianne Groenink
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Abelaira HM, de Moura AB, Cardoso MM, de Pieri E, Abel JS, Luiz GP, Sombrio EM, Borghezan LA, Anastácio RS, Cruz LA, de Souza TG, Meab C, Lima IR, da Costa C, Dal Bó AG, Pcl S, Machado-de-Ávila RA. Sertraline associated with gold nanoparticles reduce cellular toxicity and induce sex-specific responses in behavior and neuroinflammation biomarkers in a mouse model of anxiety. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2023; 233:173661. [PMID: 37879445 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of sertraline associated with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in vitro cell viability and in vivo behavior and inflammatory biomarkers in a mouse model of anxiety. Sertraline associated with AuNPs were synthesized and characterized. For the in vitro study, NIH3T3 and HT-22 cells were treated with different doses of sertraline, AuNPs, and sertraline + AuNPs and their viability was evaluated using the MTT assay. For the in vivo study, pregnant Swiss mice were administered a single dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the ninth day of gestation. The female and male offspring were divided into five treatment groups on PND 60 and administered chronic treatment for 28 days. The animals were subjected to behavioral testing and were subsequently euthanized. Their brains were collected and analyzed for inflammatory biomarkers. Sertraline associated with AuNPs exhibited significant changes in surface characteristics and increased diameters. Different doses of sertraline + AuNPs showed higher cell viability in NIH3T3 and HT-22 cells compared with sertraline alone. The offspring of LPS-treated dams exhibited anxiety-like behavior and neuroinflammatory biomarker changes during adulthood, which were ameliorated via sertraline + AuNPs treatment. The treatment response was sex-dependent and brain region-specific. These results suggest that AuNPs, which demonstrate potential to bind to other molecules, low toxicity, and reduced inflammation, can be synergistically used with sertraline to improve drug efficacy and safety by decreasing neuroinflammation and sertraline toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Abelaira
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology Experimental, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
| | - A B de Moura
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology Experimental, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - M M Cardoso
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology Experimental, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - E de Pieri
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology Experimental, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - J S Abel
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology Experimental, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - G P Luiz
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology Experimental, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - E M Sombrio
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology Experimental, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - L A Borghezan
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology Experimental, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - R S Anastácio
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology Experimental, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - L A Cruz
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology Experimental, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - T G de Souza
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology Experimental, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Corrêa Meab
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology Experimental, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - I R Lima
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology Experimental, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - C da Costa
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology Experimental, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - A G Dal Bó
- Laboratory of Advanced Polymer Processing, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Silveira Pcl
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology Experimental, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - R A Machado-de-Ávila
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology Experimental, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
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Gattuso JJ, Wilson C, Hannan AJ, Renoir T. Acute administration of the NMDA receptor antagonists ketamine and MK-801 reveals dysregulation of glutamatergic signalling and sensorimotor gating in the Sapap3 knockout mouse model of compulsive-like behaviour. Neuropharmacology 2023; 239:109689. [PMID: 37597609 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterised by excessive intrusive thoughts that may cause an individual to engage in compulsive behaviours. Frontline pharmacological treatments (i.e., selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)) leave approximately 40% of patients refractory to treatment. To investigate the possibility of novel pharmacological therapies for OCD, as well as the potential mechanisms underlying its pathology, we used the Sapap3 knockout (KO) mouse model of OCD, which exhibits increased anxiety and compulsive grooming behaviours. Firstly, we investigated whether administration of the NMDA receptor (NMDAR) antagonist ketamine (30 mg/kg), would reduce anxiety and grooming behaviour in Sapap3 KO mice. Anxiety-like behaviour was measured via time spent in the light component of the light-dark box test. Grooming behaviour was recorded and scored in freely moving mice. In line with previous works conducted in older animals (i.e. typically between 6 and 9 months of age), we confirmed here that Sapap3 KO mice exhibit an anxious, compulsive grooming, hypolocomotive and reduced body weight phenotype even at a younger age (i.e., 2-3 months of age). However, we found that acute administration of ketamine did not cause a reduction in anxiety or grooming behaviour. We then investigated in vivo glutamatergic function via the administration of a different NMDAR antagonist, MK-801 (0.25 mg/kg), prior to locomotion and prepulse inhibition assays. We found evidence of altered functional NMDAR activity, as well as sexually dimorphic prepulse inhibition, a measure of sensorimotor gating, in Sapap3 KO mice. These results are suggestive of in vivo glutamatergic dysfunction and their functional consequences, enabling future research to further investigate novel treatments for OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Gattuso
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Carey Wilson
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Anthony J Hannan
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Thibault Renoir
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
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Maraschin JC, Frias AT, Hernandes PM, Batistela MF, Martinez LM, Joca SRL, Graeff FG, Audi EA, Spera de Andrade TGC, Zangrossi H. Antipanic-like effect of esketamine and buprenorphine in rats exposed to acute hypoxia. Behav Brain Res 2021; 418:113651. [PMID: 34732354 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The antidepressant effect of ketamine has been widely acknowledged and the use of one of its enantiomers, S-ketamine (esketamine), has recently been approved for the clinical management of treatment-resistant depression. As with ketamine, the non-selective opioid receptor-interacting drug buprenorphine is reported to have antidepressant and anxiolytic properties in humans and rodents. Given the fact that antidepressant drugs are also first line treatment for panic disorder, it is surprising that the potential panicolytic effect of these compounds has been scarcely (ketamine), or not yet (buprenorphine) investigated. We here evaluated the effects of ketamine (the racemic mixture), esketamine, and buprenorphine in male Wistar rats submitted to a panicogenic challenge: acute exposure to hypoxia (7% O2). We observed that esketamine (20 mg/kg), but not ketamine, decreased the number of escape attempts made during hypoxia, and this effect could be observed even 7 days after the drug administration. A panicolytic-like effect was also observed with MK801, which like esketamine, antagonizes NMDA glutamate receptors. Buprenorphine (0.3 mg/kg) also impaired hypoxia-induced escape, an effect blocked by the non-selective opioid receptor antagonist naloxone, indicating an interaction with classical ligand sites, such as µ and kappa receptors, but not with nociception/orphanin FQ receptors. Altogether, the results suggest that esketamine and buprenorphine cause rapid-onset panicolytic-like effects, and may be alternatives for treating panic disorder, particularly in patients who are refractory to standard pharmacological treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhonatan Christian Maraschin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Alana Tercino Frias
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Paloma Molina Hernandes
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Matheus Fitipaldi Batistela
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas Motta Martinez
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Sâmia Regiane Lourenço Joca
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies (AIAS), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Elisabeth Aparecida Audi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, State University of Maringá (UEM), Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Hélio Zangrossi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Behavioural Neurosciences Institute (INeC), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Shahidi B, Schenk S, Raiszadeh K. Analgesic Medication Use During Exercise-Based Rehabilitation in Individuals With Low Back Pain: A Call to Action. Phys Ther 2021; 101:6103016. [PMID: 33454784 PMCID: PMC8005293 DOI: 10.1093/ptj/pzab011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bahar Shahidi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UC San Diego, 9452 Medical Center Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Address all correspondence to Dr Shahidi at:
| | - Simon Schenk
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UC San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
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La-Vu M, Tobias BC, Schuette PJ, Adhikari A. To Approach or Avoid: An Introductory Overview of the Study of Anxiety Using Rodent Assays. Front Behav Neurosci 2020; 14:145. [PMID: 33005134 PMCID: PMC7479238 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Anxiety is a widely studied phenomenon in behavioral neuroscience, but the recent literature lacks an overview of the major conceptual framework underlying anxiety research to introduce young researchers to the field. In this mini-review article, which is aimed toward new undergraduate and graduate students, we discuss how researchers exploit the approach-avoidance conflict, an internal conflict rodents face between exploration of novel environments and avoidance of danger, to inform rodent assays that allow for the measurement of anxiety-related behavior in the laboratory. We review five widely-used rodent anxiety assays, consider the pharmacological validity of these assays, and discuss neural circuits that have recently been shown to modulate anxiety using the assays described. Finally, we offer related lines of inquiry and comment on potential future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mimi La-Vu
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Brooke C Tobias
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Peter J Schuette
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Avishek Adhikari
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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7
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Silote GP, de Oliveira SFS, Ribeiro DE, Machado MS, Andreatini R, Joca SRL, Beijamini V. Ketamine effects on anxiety and fear-related behaviors: Current literature evidence and new findings. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2020; 100:109878. [PMID: 31982463 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.109878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ketamine, a non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, presents a rapid and sustained antidepressant effect in clinical and preclinical studies. Regarding ketamine effects on anxiety, there is a widespread discordance among pre-clinical studies. To address this issue, the present study reviewed the literature (electronic database MEDLINE) to summarize the profile of ketamine effects in animal tests of anxiety/fear. We found that ketamine anxiety/fear-related effects may depend on the anxiety paradigm, schedule of ketamine administration and tested species. Moreover, there was no report of ketamine effects in animal tests of fear related to panic disorder (PD). Based on that finding, we evaluated if treatment with ketamine and another NMDA antagonist, MK-801, would induce acute and sustained (24 hours later) anxiolytic and/or panicolytic-like effects in animals exposed to the elevated T-maze (ETM). The ETM evaluates, in the same animal, conflict-evoked and fear behaviors, which are related, respectively, to generalized anxiety disorder and PD. Male Wistar rats were systemically treated with racemic ketamine (10, 30 and 80 mg/kg) or MK-801 (0.05 and 0.1 mg/kg) and tested in the ETM in the same day or 24 hours after their administration. Ketamine did not affect the behavioral tasks performed in the ETM acutely or 24 h later. MK-801 impaired inhibitory avoidance in the ETM only at 45 min post-injection, suggesting a rapid but not sustained anxiolytic-like effect. Altogether our results suggest that ketamine might have mixed effects in anxiety tests while it does not affect panic-related behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela P Silote
- Biochemistry and Pharmacology Graduate Program, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil; Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit (TNU), Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sabrina F S de Oliveira
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | - Deidiane E Ribeiro
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Mayara S Machado
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | - Roberto Andreatini
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Sâmia R L Joca
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies (AIAS), Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Vanessa Beijamini
- Biochemistry and Pharmacology Graduate Program, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil; Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil.
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Raoof M, Ebrahimnejad H, Abbasnejad M, Amirkhosravi L, Raoof R, Esmaeili Mahani S, Ramazani M, Shokouhinejad N, Khoshkhounejad M. The Effects of Inflammatory Tooth Pain on Anxiety in Adult Male Rats. Basic Clin Neurosci 2016; 7:259-68. [PMID: 27563419 PMCID: PMC4981838 DOI: 10.15412/j.bcn.03070311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: This study aimed to examine the effects of induced inflammatory tooth pain on anxiety level in adult male rats. Methods: The mandibular incisors of 56 adult male rats were cut off and prefabricated crowns were fixed on the teeth. Formalin and capsaicin were injected intradentally to induce inflammatory tooth pain. Diazepam treated group received diazepam 30 minutes before intradental injection. The anxiety-related behavior was evaluated with elevated plus maze test. Results: Intradental application of chemical noxious stimuli, capsaicin and formalin, significantly affected nociceptive behaviors (P<0.001). Capsaicin (P<0.001) and formalin (P<0.01) significantly increased the anxiety levels in rats by decrease in the duration of time spent in open arm and increase in the duration of time spent in closed arm. Rats that received capsaicin made fewer open arm entries compared to the control animals (P<0.05). Capsaicin (P<0.001) and formalin (P<0.01) treated rats showed more stretch attend postures compared to the control and sham operated animals. In diazepampretreated rats, capsaicin induced algesic effect was prevented (P<0.001). Conclusion: Inflammatory pulpal pain has anxiogenic effect on rats, whereas diazepam premedication showed both anxiolytic and pain reducing effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Raoof
- Oral and Dental Diseases Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hamed Ebrahimnejad
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehdi Abbasnejad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ladan Amirkhosravi
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ramin Raoof
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Saeed Esmaeili Mahani
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohsen Ramazani
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Noushin Shokouhinejad
- Dental Research Center, Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrfam Khoshkhounejad
- Dental Research Center, Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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9
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Hung CH, Wang JCF, Strichartz GR. Spontaneous Chronic Pain After Experimental Thoracotomy Revealed by Conditioned Place Preference: Morphine Differentiates Tactile Evoked Pain From Spontaneous Pain. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2015; 16:903-12. [PMID: 26116369 PMCID: PMC4556597 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Chronic pain after surgery limits social activity, interferes with work, and causes emotional suffering. A major component of such pain is reported as resting or spontaneous pain with no apparent external stimulus. Although experimental animal models can simulate the stimulus-evoked chronic pain that occurs after surgery, there have been no studies of spontaneous chronic pain in such models. Here the conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm was used to reveal resting pain after experimental thoracotomy. Male Sprague Dawley rats received a thoracotomy with 1-hour rib retraction, resulting in evoked tactile hypersensitivity, previously shown to last for at least 9 weeks. Intraperitoneal injections of morphine (2.5 mg/kg) or gabapentin (40 mg/kg) gave equivalent 2- to 3-hour-long relief of tactile hypersensitivity when tested 12 to 14 days postoperatively. In separate experiments, single trial CPP was conducted 1 week before thoracotomy and then 12 days (gabapentin) or 14 days (morphine) after surgery, followed the next day by 1 conditioning session with morphine or gabapentin, both versus saline. The gabapentin-conditioned but not the morphine-conditioned rats showed a significant preference for the analgesia-paired chamber, despite the equivalent effect of the 2 agents in relieving tactile allodynia. These results show that experimental thoracotomy in rats causes spontaneous pain and that some analgesics, such as morphine, that reduce evoked pain do not also relieve resting pain, suggesting that pathophysiological mechanisms differ between these 2 aspects of long-term postoperative pain. Perspective: Spontaneous pain, a hallmark of chronic postoperative pain, is demonstrated here in a rat model of experimental postthoracotomy pain, further validating the use of this model for the development of analgesics to treat such symptoms. Although stimulus-evoked pain was sensitive to systemic morphine, spontaneous pain was not, suggesting different mechanistic underpinnings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Hsia Hung
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jeffrey Chi-Fei Wang
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gary R Strichartz
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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