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Thabet RH, Alessa REM, Al-Smadi ZKK, Alshatnawi BSG, Amayreh BMI, Al-Dwaaghreh RBA, Salah SKA. Folic acid: friend or foe in cancer therapy. J Int Med Res 2024; 52:3000605231223064. [PMID: 38229460 PMCID: PMC10935767 DOI: 10.1177/03000605231223064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Folic acid plays a crucial role in diverse biological processes, notably cell maturation and proliferation. Here, we performed a literature review using articles listed in electronic databases, such as PubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar. In this review article, we describe contradictory data regarding the role of folic acid in cancer development and progression. While some studies have confirmed its beneficial effects in diminishing the risk of various cancers, others have reported a potential carcinogenic effect. The current narrative review elucidates these conflicting data by highlighting the possible molecular mechanisms explaining each point of view. Further multicenter molecular and genetic studies, in addition to human randomized clinical trials, are necessary to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the relationship between folic acid and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romany H. Thabet
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Aqaba Medical Sciences University, Aqaba, Jordan
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Folic Acid Treatment Directly Influences the Genetic and Epigenetic Regulation along with the Associated Cellular Maintenance Processes of HT-29 and SW480 Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071820. [PMID: 35406592 PMCID: PMC8997840 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Folic acid (FA) participates in DNA synthesis and in DNA methylation; hence, it has a dual role in established neoplasms. We aimed to observe this phenomenon on FA-treated colorectal cancer cell lines (HT-29, SW480). Our results demonstrated that the maintenance processes, namely cell proliferation, cell viability, and DNA repair, were altered in HT-29 cells for short-term FA supplementation, while genetic and epigenetic regulations of SW480 cells were also affected. Despite the fact that FA is a precursor molecule in methyl donor formation, DNA methylation alterations were observed in both directions, primarily influencing the pathways of carcinogenesis. Moreover, behind the great number of differentially expressed genes, other FA-related effects than promoter methylation were suspected. All of our results point beyond the attributes related to FA so far. The different response of the two cell lines is worth considering in clinical practice to facilitate the effectiveness of therapy in the case of tumor heterogeneity. Abstract Folic acid (FA) is a synthetic form of vitamin B9, generally used as a nutritional supplement and an adjunctive medication in cancer therapy. FA is involved in genetic and epigenetic regulation; therefore, it has a dual modulatory role in established neoplasms. We aimed to investigate the effect of short-term (72 h) FA supplementation on colorectal cancer; hence, HT-29 and SW480 cells were exposed to different FA concentrations (0, 100, 10,000 ng/mL). HT-29 cell proliferation and viability levels elevated after 100 ng/mL but decreased for 10,000 ng/mL FA. Additionally, a significant (p ≤ 0.05) improvement of genomic stability was detected in HT-29 cells with micronucleus scoring and comet assay. Conversely, the FA treatment did not alter these parameters in SW480 samples. RRBS results highlighted that DNA methylation changes were bidirectional in both cells, mainly affecting carcinogenesis-related pathways. Based on the microarray analysis, promoter methylation status was in accordance with FA-induced expression alterations of 27 genes. Our study demonstrates that the FA effect was highly dependent on the cell type, which can be attributed to the distinct molecular background and the different expression of proliferation- and DNA-repair-associated genes (YWHAZ, HES1, STAT3, CCL2). Moreover, new aspects of FA-regulated DNA methylation and consecutive gene expression were revealed.
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Khairan P, Sobue T, Eshak ES, Zha L, Kitamura T, Sawada N, Iwasaki M, Inoue M, Yamaji T, Iso H, Tsugane S. Association of B Vitamins and Methionine Intake with the Risk of Gastric Cancer: The Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2021; 15:101-110. [PMID: 34815313 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-21-0224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Dietary intake of B vitamins and methionine might associate with carcinogenesis due to their role in DNA synthesis and methylation. Owing to the previous inconsistent findings on gastric cancer risk, we aimed to examine the associations between dietary intakes of B vitamins and methionine and the risk of gastric cancer, according to sodium intake.We included 86,820 Japanese individuals who completed a validated food frequency questionnaire with 138 food items in the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to obtain HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of gastric cancer according to separate intakes of folate, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, and methionine after adjusting for confounding factors, including Helicobacter pylori and atrophic gastritis in the subgroup analysis.We identified 2,269 gastric cancer cases within a median of 15.4 years of follow-up. We found no association between any of the dietary intakes of folate, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, or methionine with the risk of gastric cancer. In the stratified analysis by sodium intake, we observed a positive association between folate intake and risk of gastric cancer among participants with a high sodium intake (≥4.5 g/day) [HR = 1.28 (95% CI, 1.06-1.56), P trend = 0.001; P interaction = 0.02]. Meanwhile, there was no association between folate intake and risk of gastric cancer among participants with low sodium intake (<4.5 g/day) [HR = 0.94 (95% CI, 0.73-1.21), P trend = 0.49].In conclusion, we found no association between any dietary intakes of folate, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, and methionine with the risk of gastric cancer. PREVENTION RELEVANCE: The increased intake of B vitamins and methionine in populations with adequate dietary intake of these nutrients showed no association with the risk of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramita Khairan
- Division of Environmental Medicine and Population Sciences, Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Tomotaka Sobue
- Division of Environmental Medicine and Population Sciences, Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Ehab Salah Eshak
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minya, Egypt.,Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ling Zha
- Division of Environmental Medicine and Population Sciences, Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsuhisa Kitamura
- Division of Environmental Medicine and Population Sciences, Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Norie Sawada
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoki Iwasaki
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manami Inoue
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taiki Yamaji
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Iso
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Tsugane
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Pillay NS, Daniels A, Singh M. Folate-Targeted Transgenic Activity of Dendrimer Functionalized Selenium Nanoparticles In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7177. [PMID: 33003288 PMCID: PMC7584035 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Current chemotherapeutic drugs, although effective, lack cell-specific targeting, instigate adverse side effects in healthy tissue, exhibit unfavourable bio-circulation and can generate drug-resistant cancers. The synergistic use of nanotechnology and gene therapy, using nanoparticles (NPs) for therapeutic gene delivery to cancer cells is hereby proposed. This includes the benefit of cell-specific targeting and exploitation of receptors overexpressed in specific cancer types. The aim of this study was to formulate dendrimer-functionalized selenium nanoparticles (PAMAM-SeNPs) containing the targeting moiety, folic acid (FA), for delivery of pCMV-Luc-DNA (pDNA) in vitro. These NPs and their gene-loaded nanocomplexes were physicochemically and morphologically characterized. Nucleic acid-binding, compaction and pDNA protection were assessed, followed by cell-based in vitro cytotoxicity, transgene expression and apoptotic assays. Nanocomplexes possessed favourable sizes (<150 nm) and ζ-potentials (>25 mV), crucial for cellular interaction, and protected the pDNA from degradation in an in vivo simulation. PAMAM-SeNP nanocomplexes exhibited higher cell viability (>85%) compared to selenium-free nanocomplexes (approximately 75%), confirming the important role of selenium in these nanocomplexes. FA-conjugated PAMAM-SeNPs displayed higher overall transgene expression (HeLa cells) compared to their non-targeting counterparts, suggesting enhanced receptor-mediated cellular uptake. Overall, our results bode well for the use of these nano-delivery vehicles in future in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Moganavelli Singh
- Nano-Gene and Drug Delivery Group, Discipline of Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa; (N.S.P.); (A.D.)
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Moazzen S, Dastgiri S, Dolatkhah R, Alizadeh BZ, de Bock GH. Staple Food Fortification with Folic Acid and Iron and Gastrointestinal Cancers: Critical Appraisal of Long-Term National Fortification. Nutr Cancer 2020; 73:1534-1538. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1801778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Moazzen
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Health Service Management Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Dastgiri
- Health Service Management Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Roya Dolatkhah
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behrooz Z. Alizadeh
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Geertruida H. de Bock
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Folic Acid Supplement Intake and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Women; A Case Control Study. Ann Glob Health 2020; 86:23. [PMID: 32140432 PMCID: PMC7047757 DOI: 10.5334/aogh.2664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An ongoing controversy exists on the role of folic acid supplementation in colorectal cancer risk among epidemiological studies. Objective To assess the association between maternal folic acid supplementation and colorectal cancer risk. Methods A paired matched case control study of 405 subjects was performed, including women residing in 135 villages of East Azerbaijan, Iran. Per area, subjects were followed regularly in local healthcare centers, where health- and social-related information have been collected prospectively in face to face interviews by well-trained health workers. We extracted folic acid supplement intake, baseline characteristics, and confounders from healthcare records. The data for study participants were linked to national cancer registry repositories, from which we retrieved the data of 135 women diagnosed with colorectal cancer between 2005 to 2015. Two hundred seventy controls were individually matched with cases in terms of residing village, age, and gender. We applied multivariate conditional logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Findings There was no significant association between folic acid supplementation and colorectal cancer risk in those with history of folic acid intake compared to those with no history of intake (OR 0.95; 95% CI 0.59 to 1.53), in those with less than five years of folic acid (0.79; 0.45 to 1.39) or in those with ≥5 years intake (1.09; 0.52 to 2.26). This risk did not change after adjustment for covariates or further stratification. Conclusions Maternal folic acid supplementation did not affect colorectal cancer risk in a population where supplemental folic acid is prescribed with regular intervals for women of child-bearing age.
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Perez-Aguirre B, Soto-Barreras U, Loyola-Rodriguez JP, Reyes-Macias JF, Santos-Diaz MA, Loyola-Leyva A, Garcia-Cortes O. Oral findings and its association with prenatal and perinatal factors in newborns. KOREAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2018; 61:279-284. [PMID: 30274505 PMCID: PMC6172521 DOI: 10.3345/kjp.2017.06177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to determine the frequency of abnormalities in the newborn oral cavity and to evaluate the association with prenatal and perinatal factors. Methods This cross-sectional study evaluated 2,216 newborns. Oral findings were assessed in the first 24 hours of life using visual examination. Sex, weight, length, gestational age, and medical disorders at birth were recorded. Maternal demographic and medical information was also obtained. Results The most common oral findings were Bohn’s nodules, Epstein’s pearls, and dental lamina cysts. Other intraoral findings included odontogenic cysts, ankyloglossia, and natal teeth, among others. In logistic regression analyses, folic acid consumption during pregnancy was significantly associated with Bohn’s nodules (odds ratio [OR], 1.79; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.23–2.55; P=0.002), Epstein’s pearls (OR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.14–2.33; P=0.007), and dental lamina cysts (OR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.02–2.05; P=0.038). Moreover, preterm births were negatively associated with prevalence of Bohn’s nodules (OR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.50–0.80; P≤0.0001). Comparison between newborns with and without oral inclusion cysts showed that maternal folic acid and iron intake were significantly different (P<0.05). Conclusion Maternal folic acid and iron intake were associated with the prevalence of oral inclusion cysts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Juan Pablo Loyola-Rodriguez
- Escuela Superior de Odontología y Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Acapulco, México
| | | | | | - Alejandra Loyola-Leyva
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas Básicas, San Luis Potosi University, San Luis Potosi, México
| | - Obed Garcia-Cortes
- Faculty of Dentistry at San Luis Potosi University, San Luis Potosi, México
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Folic acid inhibits nasopharyngeal cancer cell proliferation and invasion via activation of FRα/ERK1/2/TSLC1 pathway. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20170772. [PMID: 29070520 PMCID: PMC5705775 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20170772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Folic acid (FA), which is necessary for normal cell division of mammals, has been implicated to be involved in many tumors. Dietary FA intake has been reported to be associated with a lower risk of nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC). However, the molecular mechanisms of FA in NPC cells remain unclear. In the present study, we found that FA treatment dose dependently inhibited the proliferation, invasion and migration of NPC cells, via folate receptor α (FRα). We further found that FA, bound to FRα, induced the activation of MEK/ERK1/2, and increased the expressions of TSLC1 and E-cadherin. Moreover, blocking of ERK1/2 activation attenuated FA-mediated increase in TSLC1 expression. In addition, knockdown of TSLC1 abolished the FA-mediated inhibition of cell proliferation, invasion and migration, and suppressed the FA-mediated increase oinE-cadherin expression in NPC cells. Taken together, our data suggest that FA treatment inhibits NPC cell proliferation and invasion via activation of FRα/ERK1/2/ TSLC1 signaling pathway. Therefore, FA could be explored as a therapeutic drug for the treatment of NPC, and TSLC1 may act as a tumor suppressor in NPC.
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Liu S, Zhang H, Liu W, Zhou B, Ma Q, Ge J, Wu J, Wang P. Investigation of biological cell–small molecule interactions with a gold surface plasmon resonance sensor using a laser scanning confocal imaging-surface plasmon resonance system. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra10396k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In our work, we investigated the interactions between a small molecule, folic acid, and biological cells through the interaction of folic acid and folate receptors using a laser scanning confocal imaging-surface plasmon resonance (LSCI-SPR) system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Liu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- China
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- China
| | - Weimin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- China
| | - Bingjiang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- China
| | - Qian Ma
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- China
| | - Jiechao Ge
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- China
| | - Jiasheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- China
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Pirouzpanah S, Taleban FA, Mehdipour P, Atri M, Hooshyareh-rad A, Sabour S. The biomarker-based validity of a food frequency questionnaire to assess the intake status of folate, pyridoxine and cobalamin among Iranian primary breast cancer patients. Eur J Clin Nutr 2014; 68:316-23. [PMID: 24169462 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2013.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Revised: 09/08/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Folate, pyridoxine and cobalamin are coenzymatically essential in one-carbon methyl metabolism, and their deficiencies could explain some alterations during breast carcinogenesis. We aimed to evaluate the validity of folate, pyridoxine and cobalamin estimates from a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) on the basis of their corresponding fasting plasma biomarkers, in breast cancer (BC) patients. SUBJECTS/METHODS In a prospective, consecutive case series, 149 women with primary BC aged between 30 and 69 years as a representative sample of Iranian women with BC were recruited. The 136-item FFQ was used for the validity assay. Fasting plasma folate and cobalamin were tested by automated electrochemiluminescence. The high-pressure liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection was used to determine the plasma levels of pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP) and total homocysteine (tHcy). RESULTS Area under the curve (AUC) for assessing the diagnostic accuracy of folate-related data through an FFQ was 0.74 (P<0.01) in the reference model (folate plasma level<5.9 ng/ml), with sensitivity and specificity of 68% and 63%, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV) were 96.9% and 96.8%, respectively. The AUC for cobalamin intake in the reference model (plasma cobalamin<260 pmol/l) was 0.64 (P<0.01), with 60% sensitivity and 61% specificity. Although tHcy ≥10.0 μmol/l was used as reference indicator, the folate intake (AUC=0.71, P<0.01) and cobalamin intake status (AUC=0.67, P<0.05) were also determined appropriately by FFQ. CONCLUSIONS Dietary folate and cobalamin estimates from FFQ were significantly correlated with their fasting plasma concentrations. Our data supported the validity of new FFQ to rank individuals by dietary intake status of folate and cobalamin.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pirouzpanah
- 1] Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran [2] Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology/National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - F-A Taleban
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology/National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - P Mehdipour
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Atri
- Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences/Day General Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Hooshyareh-rad
- Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Sabour
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology/Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Abstract
In a nutshellWhilst adequate folate is protective against cancer, there are theoretical grounds and some clinical evidence to suggest that, in people with existing pre-cancerous or cancer cells, folate supplements could stimulate their growth.However, more studies have failed to show this than have reported it, and so the hypothesis remains neither confirmed nor refuted. Until this matter is resolved, some caution is appropriate, particularly in those who may already have early stage tumour.
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Arigony ALV, de Oliveira IM, Machado M, Bordin DL, Bergter L, Prá D, Pêgas Henriques JA. The influence of micronutrients in cell culture: a reflection on viability and genomic stability. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:597282. [PMID: 23781504 PMCID: PMC3678455 DOI: 10.1155/2013/597282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Micronutrients, including minerals and vitamins, are indispensable to DNA metabolic pathways and thus are as important for life as macronutrients. Without the proper nutrients, genomic instability compromises homeostasis, leading to chronic diseases and certain types of cancer. Cell-culture media try to mimic the in vivo environment, providing in vitro models used to infer cells' responses to different stimuli. This review summarizes and discusses studies of cell-culture supplementation with micronutrients that can increase cell viability and genomic stability, with a particular focus on previous in vitro experiments. In these studies, the cell-culture media include certain vitamins and minerals at concentrations not equal to the physiological levels. In many common culture media, the sole source of micronutrients is fetal bovine serum (FBS), which contributes to only 5-10% of the media composition. Minimal attention has been dedicated to FBS composition, micronutrients in cell cultures as a whole, or the influence of micronutrients on the viability and genetics of cultured cells. Further studies better evaluating micronutrients' roles at a molecular level and influence on the genomic stability of cells are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lúcia Vargas Arigony
- Laboratório de Reparação de DNA em Eucariotos, Departamento de Biofísica/Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, Prédio 43422, Setor IV, Campus do Vale, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Iuri Marques de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Reparação de DNA em Eucariotos, Departamento de Biofísica/Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, Prédio 43422, Setor IV, Campus do Vale, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Miriana Machado
- Laboratório de Reparação de DNA em Eucariotos, Departamento de Biofísica/Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, Prédio 43422, Setor IV, Campus do Vale, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Instituto de Educação para Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento e Inovação Tecnológica—ROYAL, Unidade GENOTOX—ROYAL, Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, Prédio 43421, Setor IV, Campus do Vale, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Diana Lilian Bordin
- Laboratório de Reparação de DNA em Eucariotos, Departamento de Biofísica/Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, Prédio 43422, Setor IV, Campus do Vale, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Lothar Bergter
- Instituto de Educação para Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento e Inovação Tecnológica—ROYAL, Unidade GENOTOX—ROYAL, Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, Prédio 43421, Setor IV, Campus do Vale, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniel Prá
- Laboratório de Reparação de DNA em Eucariotos, Departamento de Biofísica/Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, Prédio 43422, Setor IV, Campus do Vale, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- PPG em Promoção da Saúde, Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC), Avenida Independência 2293, 96815-900 Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - João Antonio Pêgas Henriques
- Laboratório de Reparação de DNA em Eucariotos, Departamento de Biofísica/Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, Prédio 43422, Setor IV, Campus do Vale, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Instituto de Educação para Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento e Inovação Tecnológica—ROYAL, Unidade GENOTOX—ROYAL, Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, Prédio 43421, Setor IV, Campus do Vale, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Instituto de Biotecnologia, Departamento de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de Caxias do Sul (UCS), Rua Francisco Getúlio Vargas 1130, 95070-560 Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
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Prá D, Franke SIR, Henriques JAP, Fenech M. Iron and genome stability: an update. Mutat Res 2012; 733:92-9. [PMID: 22349350 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2012.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Revised: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Iron is an essential micronutrient which is required in a relatively narrow range for maintaining metabolic homeostasis and genome stability. Iron participates in oxygen transport and mitochondrial respiration as well as in antioxidant and nucleic acid metabolism. Iron deficiency impairs these biological pathways, leading to oxidative stress and possibly carcinogenesis. Iron overload has been linked to genome instability as well as to cancer risk increase, as seen in hereditary hemochromatosis. Iron is an extremely reactive transition metal that can interact with hydrogen peroxide to generate hydroxyl radicals that form the 8-hydroxy-guanine adduct, cause point mutations as well as DNA single and double strand breaks. Iron overload also induces DNA hypermethylation and can reduce telomere length. The current Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) for iron, according with Institute of Medicine Dietary Reference Intake (DRI), is based in the concept of preventing anemia, and ranges from 7mg/day to 18mg/day depending on life stage and gender. Pregnant women need 27mg/day. The maximum safety level for iron intake, the Upper Level (UL), is 40-45mg/day, based on the prevention of gastrointestinal distress associated to high iron intakes. Preliminary evidence indicates that 20mg/day iron, an intake slightly higher than the RDA, may reduce the risk of gastrointestinal cancer in the elderly as well as increasing genome stability in lymphocytes of children and adolescents. Current dietary recommendations do not consider the concept of genome stability which is of concern because damage to the genome has been linked to the origin and progression of many diseases and is the most fundamental pathology. Given the importance of iron for homeostasis and its potential influence over genome stability and cancer it is recommended to conduct further studies that conclusively define these relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Prá
- PPG em Promoção da Saúde, Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC), Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil. daniel
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Jain R, Dandekar P, Loretz B, Melero A, Stauner T, Wenz G, Koch M, Lehr CM. Enhanced cellular delivery of idarubicin by surface modification of propyl starch nanoparticles employing pteroic acid conjugated polyvinyl alcohol. Int J Pharm 2011; 420:147-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Revised: 08/12/2011] [Accepted: 08/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Tisman G, Garcia A. Control of prostate cancer associated with withdrawal of a supplement containing folic acid, L-methyltetrahydrofolate and vitamin B12: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2011; 5:413. [PMID: 21867542 PMCID: PMC3199279 DOI: 10.1186/1752-1947-5-413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2010] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction This is the first report of possible direct stimulation of hormone-resistant prostate cancer or interference of docetaxel cytotoxicity of prostate cancer in a patient with biochemical relapse of prostatic-specific antigen. This observation is of clinical and metabolic importance, especially at a time when more than 80 countries have fortified food supplies with folic acid and some contemplate further fortification with vitamin B12. Case presentation Our patient is a 71-year-old Caucasian man who had been diagnosed in 1997 with prostate cancer, stage T1c, and Gleason score 3+4 = 7. His primary treatment included intermittent androgen deprivation therapy including leuprolide + bicalutamide + deutasteride, ketoconazole + hydrocortisone, nilandrone and flutamide to resistance defined as biochemical relapse of PSA. While undergoing docetaxel therapy to treat a continually increasing prostate-specific antigen level, withdrawal of 10 daily doses of a supplement containing 500 μg of vitamin B12 as cyanocobalamin, as well as 400 μg of folic acid as pteroylglutamic acid and 400 μg of L-5-methyltetrahydrofolate for a combined total of 800 μg of mixed folates, was associated with a return to a normal serum prostatic-specific antigen level. Conclusion This case report illustrates the importance of the effects of supplements containing large amounts of folic acid, L-5-methyltetrahydrofolate, and cyanocobalamin on the metabolism of prostate cancer cells directly and/or B vitamin interference with docetaxel efficacy. Physicians caring for patients with prostate cancer undergoing watchful waiting, hormone therapy, and/or chemotherapy should consider the possible acceleration of tumor growth and/or metastasis and the development of drug resistance associated with supplement ingestion. We describe several pathways of metabolic and epigenetic interactions that could affect the observed changes in serum levels of prostate-specific antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn Tisman
- Whittier Cancer Research Building, 13025 Bailey Street, Whittier, CA 90601, USA.
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Ebrahimnejad P, Dinarvand R, Sajadi A, Jaafari MR, Nomani AR, Azizi E, Rad-Malekshahi M, Atyabi F. Preparation and in vitro evaluation of actively targetable nanoparticles for SN-38 delivery against HT-29 cell lines. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2010; 6:478-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2009.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2009] [Revised: 09/26/2009] [Accepted: 10/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The intent of this evidence-based review is to analyze the role of folate in chronic diseases, focusing on cancer and cardiovascular disease. RECENT FINDINGS Low folate status has been shown to be a risk factor for cancer and cardiovascular disease. Although epidemiological data suggest an inverse association between folate status and disease risk, intervention studies give equivocal results, suggesting the response to folate intake does not follow a linear continuum. Moreover, recent folate intervention trials raise concern about possible adverse effects of folate supplementation and suggest that too much folate in inopportune settings may be potentially harmful in individuals at higher risk for cardiovascular disease and cancer. SUMMARY Although folate intake at sufficient levels appears to be an effective cancer chemopreventive strategy, high-dose supplementation of folate has generally not been effective in reducing recurrence of cardiovascular events or colorectal adenomas in clinical intervention trials. Although controversial, high folate status achieved through folate fortification or supplementation may increase the risk of certain chronic diseases among certain individuals, possibly by interfering with the homeostasis of one-carbon metabolism. Further research is urgently needed to accurately define the relationship between supraphysiological intake of folate and chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sang-Woon Choi
- Corresponding author: Sang Woon Choi, MD, PhD, Vitamins and Carcinogenesis Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, Tel: 617-556-3007,
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Current world literature. Ageing: biology and nutrition. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2009; 12:95-100. [PMID: 19057195 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0b013e32831fd97a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Arsenault JE, Mora-Plazas M, Forero Y, Lopez-Arana S, Baylin A, Villamor E. Hemoglobin concentration is inversely associated with erythrocyte folate concentrations in Colombian school-age children, especially among children with low vitamin B12 status. Eur J Clin Nutr 2008; 63:842-9. [DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2008.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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