1
|
Argentini C, Lugli GA, Tarracchini C, Fontana F, Mancabelli L, Viappiani A, Anzalone R, Angelini L, Alessandri G, Bianchi MG, Taurino G, Bussolati O, Milani C, van Sinderen D, Turroni F, Ventura M. Ecology- and genome-based identification of the Bifidobacterium adolescentis prototype of the healthy human gut microbiota. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024; 90:e0201423. [PMID: 38294252 PMCID: PMC10880601 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02014-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Bifidobacteria are among the first microbial colonizers of the human gut, being frequently associated with human health-promoting activities. In the current study, an in silico methodology based on an ecological and phylogenomic-driven approach allowed the selection of a Bifidobacterium adolescentis prototype strain, i.e., B. adolescentis PRL2023, which best represents the overall genetic content and functional features of the B. adolescentis taxon. Such features were confirmed by in vitro experiments aimed at evaluating the ability of this strain to survive in the gastrointestinal tract of the host and its ability to interact with human intestinal cells and other microbial gut commensals. In this context, co-cultivation of B. adolescentis PRL2023 and several gut commensals revealed various microbe-microbe interactions and indicated co-metabolism of particular plant-derived glycans, such as xylan.IMPORTANCEThe use of appropriate bacterial strains in experimental research becomes imperative in order to investigate bacterial behavior while mimicking the natural environment. In the current study, through in silico and in vitro methodologies, we were able to identify the most representative strain of the Bifidobacterium adolescentis species. The ability of this strain, B. adolescentis PRL2023, to cope with the environmental challenges imposed by the gastrointestinal tract, together with its ability to switch its carbohydrate metabolism to compete with other gut microorganisms, makes it an ideal choice as a B. adolescentis prototype and a member of the healthy microbiota of adults. This strain possesses a genetic blueprint appropriate for its exploitation as a candidate for next-generation probiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Argentini
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Gabriele Andrea Lugli
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Chiara Tarracchini
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Federico Fontana
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- GenProbio srl, Parma, Italy
| | - Leonardo Mancabelli
- Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Giulia Alessandri
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Massimiliano G. Bianchi
- Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Laboratory of General Pathology, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Taurino
- Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Laboratory of General Pathology, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Ovidio Bussolati
- Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Laboratory of General Pathology, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Christian Milani
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Douwe van Sinderen
- APC Microbiome Institute and School of Microbiology, Bioscience Institute, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Francesca Turroni
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Marco Ventura
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bibbò S, Porcari S, Del Vecchio LE, Severino A, Mullish BH, Ianiro G, Gasbarrini A, Cammarota G. Gut microbiota and immunotherapy of renal cell carcinoma. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2268982. [PMID: 37955340 PMCID: PMC10653624 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2268982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome has recently been proposed as a key player in cancer development and progression. Several studies have reported that the composition of the gut microbiome plays a role in the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). The gut microbiome modulation has been investigated as a potential therapeutic strategy for cancer, mainly in patients undergoing therapy with ICIs. In particular, modulation through probiotics, FMT or other microbiome-related approaches have proven effective to improve the response to ICIs. In this review, we examine the role of the gut microbiome in enhancing clinical responses to ICIs in the treatment of renal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Bibbò
- CEMAD Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Serena Porcari
- CEMAD Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Livio Enrico Del Vecchio
- CEMAD Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Andrea Severino
- CEMAD Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Benjamin H. Mullish
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, St Mary’s Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St Mary’s Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Gianluca Ianiro
- CEMAD Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- CEMAD Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cammarota
- CEMAD Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zarezadeh M, Mahmoudinezhad M, Hosseini B, Khorraminezhad L, Razaghi M, Alvandi E, Saedisomeolia A. Dietary pattern in autism increases the need for probiotic supplementation: A comprehensive narrative and systematic review on oxidative stress hypothesis. Clin Nutr 2023; 42:1330-1358. [PMID: 37418842 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are associated with specific dietary habits, including limited food selection and gastrointestinal problems, resulting in an altered gut microbiota. Autistic patients have an elevated abundance of certain gut bacteria associated with increased oxidative stress in the gastrointestinal tract. Probiotic supplementation has been shown to decrease oxidative stress in a simulated gut model, but the antioxidant effects of probiotics on the oxidative stress of the gut in autistic patients have not been directly studied. However, it is speculated that probiotic supplementation may help decrease oxidative stress in the gastrointestinal tract of autistic patients due to their specific dietary habits altering the microbiota. PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases and Google Scholar were searched up to May 2023. This systematic-narrative review aims to present the latest evidence regarding the changes in eating habits of autistic children which may further increase the gut microbiota induced oxidative stress. Additionally, this review will assess the available literature on the effects of probiotic supplementation on oxidative stress parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Zarezadeh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Banafshe Hosseini
- Clinical Research and Knowledge Transfer Unit on Childhood Asthma, Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Leila Khorraminezhad
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, Canada
| | - Maryam Razaghi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ehsan Alvandi
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, NSW, Australia
| | - Ahmad Saedisomeolia
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Brustad N, Yang L, Chawes BL, Stokholm J, Gürdeniz G, Bønnelykke K, Bisgaard H. Fish Oil and Vitamin D Supplementations in Pregnancy Protect Against Childhood Croup. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2023; 11:315-321. [PMID: 36184023 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2022.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Croup is a prevalent respiratory disorder in early childhood most often caused by parainfluenza virus infections. There are no preventive strategies; therefore, we investigated the potential effects of prenatal micronutrient supplementations. OBJECTIVE To investigate the supplementation effects of (1) 2.4-g n-3 long-chained polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 LCPUFA) (fish oil) versus olive oil and (2) high-dose (2800 IU/d) versus standard-dose (400 IU/d) of vitamin D from pregnancy week 24 until 1 week after birth on the risk for offspring croup during the double-blinded first 3 years of life in a secondary analysis of a 2 × 2 factorial designed randomized controlled trial. METHODS The study was completed in the Danish population-based single-center Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood 2010 mother-child cohort, which included 736 pregnant women. Croup was diagnosed by physicians' clinical examinations and medical record checks. Potential mediating mechanisms were investigated using blood metabolomics, airway cytokines, and airway microbiome. RESULTS Of 695 children, 97 had croup before age 3 years (14%). The risk of croup was reduced in the n-3 LCPUFA (ncases / ntotal = 38/346; 11%) versus olive oil group (59 of 349 children; 17%) (hazard ratio = 0.62; 95% CI, 0.41-0.93; P = .02) and in the high-dose vitamin D group (32 of 295 children; 11%) versus the standard-dose group (51 of 286 children; 18%) (hazard ratio = 0.60; 95% CI, 0.38-0.93; P = .02). There was no evidence of interaction or additive effects between the supplements (Pinteraction = .56). Furthermore, the results did not change when they were adjusted for each other, persistent wheeze, and lower respiratory tract infection. CONCLUSIONS This analysis of the double-blinded period of the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood 2010 randomized controlled trial of n-3 LCPUFA and high-dose vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy demonstrated a reduced risk of croup in early childhood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicklas Brustad
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Luo Yang
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bo L Chawes
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jakob Stokholm
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Pediatrics, Naestved Hospital, Naestved, Denmark
| | - Gözde Gürdeniz
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Klaus Bønnelykke
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Hans Bisgaard
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (n-3 PUFAs) for Immunomodulation in COVID-19 Related Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). J Clin Med 2022; 12:jcm12010304. [PMID: 36615103 PMCID: PMC9820910 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12010304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), might be complicated by Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) caused by severe lung damage. It is relevant to find treatments for COVID-19-related ARDS. Currently, DHA and EPA n-3 PUFAs, known for their immunomodulatory activities, have been proposed for COVID-19 management, and clinical trials are ongoing. Here, examining COVID-19-related ARDS immunopathology, we reference in vitro and in vivo studies, indicating n-3 PUFA immunomodulation on lung microenvironment (bronchial and alveolar epithelial cells, macrophages, infiltrating immune cells) and ARDS, potentially affecting immune responses in COVID-19-related ARDS. Concerning in vitro studies, evidence exists of the potential anti-inflammatory activity of DHA on airway epithelial cells and monocytes/macrophages; however, it is necessary to analyze n-3 PUFA immunomodulation using viral experimental models relevant to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Then, although pre-clinical investigations in experimental acute lung injury/ARDS revealed beneficial immunomodulation by n-3 PUFAs when extracellular pathogen infections were used as lung inflammatory models, contradictory results were reported using intracellular viral infections. Finally, clinical trials investigating n-3 PUFA immunomodulation in ARDS are limited, with small samples and contradictory results. In conclusion, further in vitro and in vivo investigations are needed to establish whether n-3 PUFAs may have some therapeutic potential in COVID-19-related ARDS.
Collapse
|
6
|
Najmi M, Tran T, Witt RG, Nelson KC. Modulation of the Gut Microbiome to Enhance Immunotherapy Response in Metastatic Melanoma Patients: A Clinical Review. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2022; 12:2489-2497. [PMID: 36153786 PMCID: PMC9588106 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-022-00810-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
For patients with metastatic melanoma, immunotherapy agents represent a promising treatment option, and researchers are actively seeking to identify factors that may predict a favorable response in patients. Recent studies have elucidated possible associations between the gut microbiome and the effects of immunotherapy, where variations in the gut microbiome may influence treatment response and frequency of adverse effects. In this clinical review, we describe the current literature related to the gut microbiome in the setting of immunotherapy, and we provide an overview of interventions under investigation that may modulate the gut microbiome. These interventions include fecal microbiota transplantation, probiotics, and dietary modifications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maleka Najmi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center, 2401 S 31st St MS-01-161B, Temple, TX 76508 USA
| | | | - Russell G. Witt
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Kelly C. Nelson
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fish Consumption and Colorectal Cancer Risk: Meta-Analysis of Prospective Epidemiological Studies and Review of Evidence from Animal Studies. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030640. [PMID: 35158907 PMCID: PMC8833371 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Epidemiological studies on the association between fish consumption and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk have yielded inconsistent results, despite evidence from preclinical studies that long-chain ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids inhibit colorectal carcinogenesis. We conducted a meta-analysis of prospective epidemiological studies investigating the association between fish consumption and CRC risk among humans and reviewed studies examining the link between fish components and colorectal carcinogenesis in animal models. Methods: We included studies published until November 2020. We calculated the summary risk ratio (SRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) through random effects meta-analysis models in order to summarize evidence from studies among humans. Results: Twenty-five prospective epidemiological studies encompassing 25,777 CRC cases were included. Individuals in the highest (vs. lowest) category of fish consumption had a significantly reduced risk of CRC (SRR 0.94, 95%CI 0.89-0.99). In dose-response meta-analysis, a 50-g increment in the daily consumption of fish was associated with a statistically significant 4% reduction in CRC risk (SRR 0.96, 95%CI 0.92-0.99). Preclinical studies (n = 25) identified multiple mechanisms of action of fish and fish components on colorectal carcinogenesis. Conclusions: Dietary recommendations for cancer prevention should take into account the evidence from epidemiological and preclinical studies that increasing fish consumption may be effective in preventing CRC.
Collapse
|
8
|
Benvenga S, Famà F, Perdichizzi LG, Antonelli A, Brenta G, Vermiglio F, Moleti M. Fish and the Thyroid: A Janus Bifrons Relationship Caused by Pollutants and the Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:891233. [PMID: 35712237 PMCID: PMC9196333 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.891233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Benefits of the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on a number of clinical disorders, including autoimmune diseases, are widely reported in the literature. One major dietary source of PUFA are fish, particularly the small oily fish, like anchovy, sardine, mackerel and others. Unfortunately, fish (particularly the large, top-predator fish like swordfish) are also a source of pollutants, including the heavy metals. One relevant heavy metal is mercury, a known environmental trigger of autoimmunity that is measurable inside the thyroid. There are a number of interactions between the omega-3 PUFA and thyroid hormones, even at the level of the thyroid hormone transport proteins. Concerning the mechanisms behind the protection from/amelioration of autoimmune diseases, including thyroiditis, that are caused by the omega-3 PUFA, one can be the decreased production of chemokines, a decrease that was reported in the literature for other nutraceuticals. Recent studies point also to the involvement of resolvins. The intracellular increase in resolvins is associated with the tissue protection from inflammation that was observed in experimental animals after coadministration of omega-3 PUFA and thyroid hormone. After having presented data on fish consumption at the beginning, we conclude our review by presenting data on the market of the dietary supplements/nutraceuticals. The global omega-3 products market was valued at USD 2.10 billion in 2020, and was projected to go up at a compound annual growth rate of 7.8% from 2020 to 2028. Among supplements, fish oils, which are derived mainly from anchovies, are considered the best and generally safest source of omega-3. Taking into account (i) the anti-autoimmunity and anti-cancer properties of the omega-3 PUFA, (ii) the increasing incidence of both autoimmune thyroiditis and thyroid cancer worldwide, (iii) the predisposing role for thyroid cancer exerted by autoimmune thyroiditis, and (iv) the risk for developing metabolic and cardiovascular disorders conferred by both elevated/trendwise elevated serum TSH levels and thyroid autoimmunity, then there is enough rationale for the omega-3 PUFA as measures to contrast the appearance and/or duration of Hashimoto's thyroiditis as well as to correct the slightly elevated serum TSH levels of subclinical hypothyroidism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Benvenga
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Fausto Famà
- Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “G. Barresi”, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- *Correspondence: Fausto Famà, ;
| | | | - Alessandro Antonelli
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gabriela Brenta
- Division of Endocrinology, Dr. Cesar Milstein Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Francesco Vermiglio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Mariacarla Moleti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Assessment of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on COVID-19-Associated Risk Reduction. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA : ORGAO OFICIAL DA SOCIEDADE BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA 2021; 32:50-64. [PMID: 34876760 PMCID: PMC8638948 DOI: 10.1007/s43450-021-00213-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pooled evidence conveys the association between polyunsaturated fatty acids and infectious disease. SARS-CoV-2, an enveloped mRNA virus, was also reported to interact with polyunsaturated fatty acids. The present review explores the possible mode of action, immunology, and consequences of these polyunsaturated fatty acids during the viral infection. Polyunsaturated fatty acids control protein complex formation in lipid rafts associated with the function of two SARS-CoV-2 entry gateways: angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 and cellular protease transmembrane protease serine-2. Therefore, the viral entry can be mitigated by modulating polyunsaturated fatty acids contents in the body. α-Linolenic acid is the precursor of two clinically important eicosanoids eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, the members of ω-3 fats. Resolvins, protectins, and maresins derived from docosahexaenoic acid suppress inflammation and augment phagocytosis that lessens microbial loads. Prostaglandins of 3 series, leukotrienes of 5 series, and thromboxane A3 from eicosapentaenoic acid exhibit anti-inflammatory, vasodilatory, and platelet anti-aggregatory effects that may also contribute to the control of pre-existing pulmonary and cardiac diseases. In contrast, ω-6 linoleic acid-derived arachidonic acid increases the prostaglandin G2, lipoxins A4 and B4, and thromboxane A2. These cytokines are pro-inflammatory and enhance the immune response but aggravate the COVID-19 severity. Therefore, the rational intake of ω-3-enriched foods or supplements might lessen the complications in COVID-19 and might be a preventive measure. Graphic Abstract
Collapse
|
10
|
Neta FI, Fernandes ACL, Vale AJM, Pinheiro FI, Cobucci RN, Azevedo EPD, Guzen FP. Pathophysiology and possible treatments for olfactory-gustatory disorders in patients affected by COVID-19. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG DISCOVERY 2021; 2:100035. [PMID: 34870148 PMCID: PMC8178068 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2021.100035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infects host cells mainly through the interaction between the virus's Spike protein and the viral receptors namely Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2). Both are highly expressed in the gastrointestinal tract, in the nasal and bronchial epithelium, as well as in the type II alveolar epithelial cells. The aim of this review is to report the evidences from the scientific literature on the pathophysiology and the available treatments for olfactory-gustatory disorders in patients with COVID-19. The mechanisms involved in these disorders are still unclear and studies on specific therapies are scarce. However, it has been hypothesized that a decrease in the sensitivity of the sensory neurons as well as the co-expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in the alveolar epithelial cells are the main causes of olfactory-gustatory disorders. The possible mechanisms described in the literature for changes in taste perception in patients with COVID-19 include olfactory disorders and a competitive activity of COVID-19 on ACE2 receptors in the taste buds. In addition, SARS-CoV-2 can bind to sialic acid receptors in the taste buds. In general, evidences show that there is no specific treatment for olfactory-taste disorders induced by SARS-CoV-2, even though some treatments have been used and have shown some promising results, such as olfactory training, intranasal application of sodium citrate and vitamin A, as well as systemic use of omega-3 and zinc. Corticosteroids have also been used as a pharmacological approach to treat patients with olfactory dysfunction with some contradictory results. The knowledge of the mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 influences the sensory systems and how effective therapies can treat the loss of smell and taste will have important implications on the understanding and clinical management of olfactory-taste disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Idalina Neta
- Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, State University of Rio Grande do Norte (UERN), Brazil
| | - Amélia Carolina Lopes Fernandes
- Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, State University of Rio Grande do Norte (UERN), Brazil
- Nurse Department, Nurse School, State University of Rio Grande do Norte (UERN), Mossoró, Brazil
| | - Adson José Martins Vale
- Tocogynecology Department, Medical School, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Laureate International Universities – Potiguar University (UnP), Natal, Brazil
| | - Francisco Irochima Pinheiro
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Laureate International Universities – Potiguar University (UnP), Natal, Brazil
- Medical School, Laureate International Universities – Potiguar University (UnP), Natal, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Ney Cobucci
- Tocogynecology Department, Medical School, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Laureate International Universities – Potiguar University (UnP), Natal, Brazil
- Medical School, Laureate International Universities – Potiguar University (UnP), Natal, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Pereira de Azevedo
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Laureate International Universities – Potiguar University (UnP), Natal, Brazil
| | - Fausto Pierdoná Guzen
- Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, State University of Rio Grande do Norte (UERN), Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Laureate International Universities – Potiguar University (UnP), Natal, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Darwesh AM, Bassiouni W, Sosnowski DK, Seubert JM. Can N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids be considered a potential adjuvant therapy for COVID-19-associated cardiovascular complications? Pharmacol Ther 2021; 219:107703. [PMID: 33031856 PMCID: PMC7534795 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has currently led to a global pandemic with millions of confirmed and increasing cases around the world. The novel SARS-CoV-2 not only affects the lungs causing severe acute respiratory dysfunction but also leads to significant dysfunction in multiple organs and physiological systems including the cardiovascular system. A plethora of studies have shown the viral infection triggers an exaggerated immune response, hypercoagulation and oxidative stress, which contribute significantly to poor cardiovascular outcomes observed in COVID-19 patients. To date, there are no approved vaccines or therapies for COVID-19. Accordingly, cardiovascular protective and supportive therapies are urgent and necessary to the overall prognosis of COVID-19 patients. Accumulating literature has demonstrated the beneficial effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) toward the cardiovascular system, which include ameliorating uncontrolled inflammatory reactions, reduced oxidative stress and mitigating coagulopathy. Moreover, it has been demonstrated the n-3 PUFAs, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are precursors to a group of potent bioactive lipid mediators, generated endogenously, which mediate many of the beneficial effects attributed to their parent compounds. Considering the favorable safety profile for n-3 PUFAs and their metabolites, it is reasonable to consider n-3 PUFAs as potential adjuvant therapies for the clinical management of COVID-19 patients. In this article, we provide an overview of the pathogenesis of cardiovascular complications secondary to COVID-19 and focus on the mechanisms that may contribute to the likely benefits of n-3 PUFAs and their metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Darwesh
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Wesam Bassiouni
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Deanna K Sosnowski
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - John M Seubert
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chang CY, Wu CC, Wang JD, Li JR, Wang YY, Lin SY, Chen WY, Liao SL, Chen CJ. DHA attenuated Japanese Encephalitis virus infection-induced neuroinflammation and neuronal cell death in cultured rat Neuron/glia. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 93:194-205. [PMID: 33486004 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV) is a neurotropic virus and its Central Nervous System (CNS) infection causes fatal encephalitis with high mortality and morbidity. Microglial activation and consequences of bystander damage appear to be the dominant mechanisms for Japanese Encephalitis and complications. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an essential fatty acid and a major component of brain cell membranes, possesses additional biological activities, including anti-apoptosis, anti-inflammation, and neuroprotection. Through this study, we have provided experimental evidence showing the anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and anti-viral effects of DHA against JEV infection in rat Neuron/glia cultures. By Neuron/glia and Neuron cultures, DHA protected against neuronal cell death upon JEV infection and reduced JEV amplification. In Neuron/glia and Microglia cultures, the effects of DHA were accompanied by the downregulation of pro-inflammatory M1 microglia, upregulation of anti-inflammatory M2 microglia, and reduction of neurotoxic cytokine expression, which could be attributed to its interference in the Toll-Like Receptor (TLR), Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK), and Interferon/Janus Kinase/Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription (Stat), along with the NF-κB, AP-1, and c-AMP Response Element Binding Protein (CREB) controlled transcriptional programs. Parallel anti-inflammatory effects against JEV infection were duplicated by G Protein-Coupled Receptor (GPR120) and GPR40 agonists and a reversal of DHA-mediated anti-inflammation was seen in the presence of GPR120 antagonist, while the GPR40 was less effectiveness. Since increasing evidence indicates its neuroprotection against neurodegenerative diseases, DHA is a proposed anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective candidate for the treatment of neuroinflammation-accompanied viral pathogenesis such as Japanese Encephalitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yi Chang
- Department of Surgery, Feng Yuan Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Cheng Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan; Department of Financial Engineering, Providence University, Taichung City, Taiwan; Department of Data Science and Big Data Analytics, Providence University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Jiaan-Der Wang
- Children's Medical Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan; Department of Industrial Engineering and Enterprise Information, Tunghai University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Ri Li
- Division of Urology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, HungKuang University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Yu Wang
- Department of Family Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yi Lin
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei City, Taiwan; Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ying Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Life Sciences, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Su-Lan Liao
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jung Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, College of Life Sciences, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Reported COVID-19 deaths in Germany are relatively low as compared to many European countries. Among the several explanations proposed, an early and large testing of the population was put forward. Most current debates on COVID-19 focus on the differences among countries, but little attention has been given to regional differences and diet. The low-death rate European countries (e.g. Austria, Baltic States, Czech Republic, Finland, Norway, Poland, Slovakia) have used different quarantine and/or confinement times and methods and none have performed as many early tests as Germany. Among other factors that may be significant are the dietary habits. It seems that some foods largely used in these countries may reduce angiotensin-converting enzyme activity or are anti-oxidants. Among the many possible areas of research, it might be important to understand diet and angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) levels in populations with different COVID-19 death rates since dietary interventions may be of great benefit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Avery
- *Dr Amanda Avery, PhD RD, Division of Food, Nutrition & Dietetics, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK,
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hathaway D, Pandav K, Patel M, Riva-Moscoso A, Singh BM, Patel A, Min ZC, Singh-Makkar S, Sana MK, Sanchez-Dopazo R, Desir R, Fahem MMM, Manella S, Rodriguez I, Alvarez A, Abreu R. Omega 3 Fatty Acids and COVID-19: A Comprehensive Review. Infect Chemother 2020; 52:478-495. [PMID: 33377319 PMCID: PMC7779984 DOI: 10.3947/ic.2020.52.4.478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid international spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has posed a global health emergency in 2020. It has affected over 52 million people and led to over 1.29 million deaths worldwide, as of November 13th, 2020. Patients diagnosed with COVID-19 present with symptoms ranging from none to severe and include fever, shortness of breath, dry cough, anosmia, and gastrointestinal abnormalities. Severe complications are largely due to overdrive of the host immune system leading to "cytokine storm". This results in disseminated intravascular coagulation, acute respiratory distress syndrome, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, and death. Due to its highly infectious nature and concerning mortality rate, every effort has been focused on prevention and creating new medications or repurposing old treatment options to ameliorate the suffering of COVID-19 patients including the immune dysregulation. Omega-3 fatty acids are known to be incorporated throughout the body into the bi-phospholipid layer of the cell membrane leading to the production of less pro-inflammatory mediators compared to other fatty acids that are more prevalent in the Western diet. In this article, the benefits of omega-3 fatty acids, especially eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, including their anti-inflammatory, immunomodulating, and possible antiviral effects have been discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donald Hathaway
- Division of Research & Academic Affairs, Larkin Health System, South Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Krunal Pandav
- Division of Research & Academic Affairs, Larkin Health System, South Miami, FL, USA
| | - Madhusudan Patel
- Division of Research & Academic Affairs, Larkin Health System, South Miami, FL, USA
| | - Adrian Riva-Moscoso
- Division of Research & Academic Affairs, Larkin Health System, South Miami, FL, USA
| | - Bishnu Mohan Singh
- Division of Research & Academic Affairs, Larkin Health System, South Miami, FL, USA
| | - Aayushi Patel
- Division of Research & Academic Affairs, Larkin Health System, South Miami, FL, USA
| | - Zar Chi Min
- Division of Research & Academic Affairs, Larkin Health System, South Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Muhammad Khawar Sana
- Division of Research & Academic Affairs, Larkin Health System, South Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Rockeven Desir
- Division of Research & Academic Affairs, Larkin Health System, South Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Susan Manella
- Division of Research & Academic Affairs, Larkin Health System, South Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ivan Rodriguez
- Division of Research & Academic Affairs, Larkin Health System, South Miami, FL, USA
| | - Alina Alvarez
- Division of Research & Academic Affairs, Larkin Health System, South Miami, FL, USA
| | - Rafael Abreu
- Division of Research & Academic Affairs, Larkin Health System, South Miami, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Szabó Z, Marosvölgyi T, Szabó É, Bai P, Figler M, Verzár Z. The Potential Beneficial Effect of EPA and DHA Supplementation Managing Cytokine Storm in Coronavirus Disease. Front Physiol 2020; 11:752. [PMID: 32636763 PMCID: PMC7318894 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Szabó
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Tamás Marosvölgyi
- Medical School, Institute of Bioanalysis, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Éva Szabó
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Péter Bai
- Department Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,MTA-DE Lendület Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Debrecen, Hungary.,Faculty of Medicine, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Mária Figler
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary.,2nd Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology Centre, Clinical Centre, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Verzár
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Huang Z, Liu CA, Cai PZ, Xu FP, Zhu WJ, Wang WW, Jiang HP. Omega-3PUFA Attenuates MNU-Induced Colorectal Cancer in Rats by Blocking PI3K/AKT/Bcl-2 Signaling. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:1953-1965. [PMID: 32184629 PMCID: PMC7062403 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s241298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (Omega-3PUFA) is one of the essential nutrients for human body involved in intracellular metabolic regulation and cell signaling. Previous studies have shown that Omega-3PUFA is involved in the pathogenesis of digestive system tumors, including colorectal cancer (CRC), however, the effects of Omega-3PUFA on CRC has not been fully elucidated. In the current study, we evaluated whether Omega-3PUFA can alleviate N-methyl-N-nitrosourea(MNU) induced CRC in a rat model and illustrated the potential mechanism. Methods The effects of Omga-3PUFA on MNU-induced colorectal cancer in rats were analyzed by in vivo experiments. The viability, apoptosis, colony formation and invasion of CRC cells treated with Omga-3PUFA were detected by CCK8, flow cytometry, clone formation assay and transwell invasion assay. The expression of apoptosis-related proteins in CRC cells treated with Omga-3PUFA was detected by Western blotting. Finally, after adding PI3K activator, the viability, apoptosis and protein expression of CRC cells treated with Omga-3PUFA were detected by CCK8, flow cytometry and Western blotting. Results Our results showed that Omega-3PUFA attenuated MNU-induced CRC in rats and inhibited AKT/Bcl-2 signaling in rats. In addition, Omega-3PUFA inhibited CRC cell proliferation and induces CRC cell apoptosis. Moreover, Omega-3PUFA inhibited CRC cell colony formation and invasion, and inhibited PI3K/AKT/Bcl-2 signaling in CRC cells. Furthermore, The effects of Omega-3PUFA on cell proliferation and apoptosis were inhibited by blocking PI3K/AKT signaling. Conclusion Omega-3PUFA can attenuate MNU-induced colorectal cancer in rats by blocking PI3K/AKT/Bcl-2 signaling, which suggests that Omega-3PUFA may be a potent agent for CRC treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510000, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-An Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Ji'an Central Hosipital, Ji'an 343000, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng-Zhu Cai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei-Peng Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jing Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Wei Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Ping Jiang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510000, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
With the advent of next-generation sequencing approaches, there has been a renaissance in the microbiome field. Microbial taxonomy and function can now be characterized relatively easily and rapidly-no longer mandating complex culturing approaches. With this renaissance, there is now a strong and growing appreciation for the role of the microbiome (referring to microbes and their genomes) in modulating many facets of physiology-including overall immunity. This is particularly true of the gut microbiome, and there is now an evolving body of the literature demonstrating a role for gut microbes in modulating responses to cancer treatment-particularly immunotherapy. Gut microbes can modulate immunity and anti-tumor responses via a number of different interactions, and these will be discussed herein. Additionally, data regarding the impact of gut microbes on cancer immunotherapy response will be discussed, as will strategies to manipulate the microbiome to enhance therapeutic responses. These efforts to date are not completely optimized; however, there is evidence of efficacy though much additional work is needed in this space. Nonetheless, it is clear that the microbiome plays a central role in health and disease, and strategies to manipulate it in cancer and overall precision health are being explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md. Abdul Wadud Khan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Gabriel Ologun
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Reetakshi Arora
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jennifer L McQuade
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Wargo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA,Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Radzikowska U, Rinaldi AO, Çelebi Sözener Z, Karaguzel D, Wojcik M, Cypryk K, Akdis M, Akdis CA, Sokolowska M. The Influence of Dietary Fatty Acids on Immune Responses. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2990. [PMID: 31817726 PMCID: PMC6950146 DOI: 10.3390/nu11122990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet-derived fatty acids (FAs) are essential sources of energy and fundamental structural components of cells. They also play important roles in the modulation of immune responses in health and disease. Saturated and unsaturated FAs influence the effector and regulatory functions of innate and adaptive immune cells by changing membrane composition and fluidity and by acting through specific receptors. Impaired balance of saturated/unsaturated FAs, as well as n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated FAs has significant consequences on immune system homeostasis, contributing to the development of many allergic, autoimmune, and metabolic diseases. In this paper, we discuss up-to-date knowledge and the clinical relevance of the influence of dietary FAs on the biology, homeostasis, and functions of epithelial cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, innate lymphoid cells, T cells and B cells. Additionally, we review the effects of dietary FAs on the pathogenesis of many diseases, including asthma, allergic rhinitis, food allergy, atopic dermatitis, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis as well as type 1 and 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Radzikowska
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, 7265 Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland
- Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, 7265 Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Arturo O Rinaldi
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, 7265 Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland
- Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, 7265 Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland
| | - Zeynep Çelebi Sözener
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, 7265 Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland
- Department of Chest Disease, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ankara University School of Medicine, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dilara Karaguzel
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Marzena Wojcik
- Department of Structural Biology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752 Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Cypryk
- Department of Internal Medicine and Diabetology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Mübeccel Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, 7265 Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland
| | - Cezmi A Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, 7265 Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland
- Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, 7265 Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland
| | - Milena Sokolowska
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, 7265 Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland
- Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, 7265 Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Shaikh AA, Braakhuis AJ, Bishop KS. The Mediterranean Diet and Breast Cancer: A Personalised Approach. Healthcare (Basel) 2019; 7:E104. [PMID: 31505792 PMCID: PMC6787593 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare7030104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There have been many original and review articles summarizing the impact of nutrition and diet on breast cancer risk. However, very few consider the implication of genetic background and the effect of personalised nutrition on the risk and prognosis of breast cancer. A literature search was performed using the following databases: MEDLINE (Ovid), PubMed, Scopus and EMBASE (Ovid). The ensuing search terms were selected: genomics, nutrigenomics, breast cancer, breast neoplasms, cancer, nutrigenetics, diet-gene interaction, and Mediterranean, nutrition, polyphenols and diet. In this review, we discuss the Mediterranean-style diet and associated nutrients, evidence of benefit, impact on gene expression and evidence of interactions with genotype and how this interaction can modify breast cancer risk and progression. In addition, the impact of nutrients commonly associated with a Mediterranean-style diet, on breast cancer treatment, and synergistic effects are mentioned when modified by genotype. Some evidence exists around the benefit of a gene-based personalised diet based on a Mediterranean-style dietary pattern, but further evidence in the form of clinical trials is required before such an approach can be comprehensively implemented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amani Al Shaikh
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
| | - Andrea J Braakhuis
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
| | - Karen S Bishop
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Attia TM. Role of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Treatment of Nasal Polyposis. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2019; 34:43-49. [PMID: 31433665 DOI: 10.1177/1945892419871802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Nasal polyposis is a common disease with steroids either systemic or topical being the key element in its medical treatment. With known side effects of systemic steroids, other anti-inflammatory agents should be evaluated, preferably the natural ones. Objective To evaluate the role of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the treatment of nasal polyposis. Methods This is a single-blinded randomized-controlled trial including 164 patients with grade II nasal polyposis receiving a short course of systemic steroids until subsidence of polyposis. Patients were distributed equally after into 2 groups according to maintenance therapy with group I receiving omega-3 fatty acids in a dose of 3 g per day with local budesonide nasal spray and group II receiving only local budesonide nasal spray. Both groups were compared regarding incidence and grade of recurrence of polyposis and duration from onset of maintenance therapy to onset of recurrence. Results A nonsignificant effect for omega-3 was found on the incidence of recurrence of nasal polyposis ( P = .1) and the grade of recurrent polyposis ( P = .66). However, omega-3 intake had a highly significant effect on delaying the incidence of recurrence of polyposis ( P < .0001). Conclusion Omega-3 fatty acid has a beneficial effect on delaying the incidence of recurrence of nasal polyposis through its proven anti-inflammatory mechanism of action. This minimizes the need for systemic steroid administration with its known side effects. Omega-3 fatty acids supplementation should be considered while tailoring the maintenance regimen for medical treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamer M Attia
- Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebeen El-Kom, Egypt.,Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Zulekha Hospital LCC, Sharjah, UAE
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Xiong Q, Chen J, Li FL, Zhao S, Wan X, Yang X, Li J, Luo D, Wang Z, Lv X, Gao R. Co-expression of mFat-1 and pig IGF-1 genes by recombinant plasmids in modified chitosan nanoparticles and its synergistic effect on mouse immunity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17136. [PMID: 29215025 PMCID: PMC5719438 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17341-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
To develop a cost-effective molecular regulator to improve growth metabolism and immunity of animals, a recombinant plasmid co-expressing fatty acid desaturase (mFat-1) and pig insulin growth like factor 1 (IGF-1) genes was constructed by the 2 A self-cleavage technique. After entrapment within modified chitosan nanoparticles (chitosan modified with polyethyleneglycol–polyethylenimine, CPP), the recombinant plasmid was injected intramuscularly into mice. Compared with controls, co-expression of mFat-1 and IGF-1 significantly raised the level of serum IGF-1, and increased the liver and muscle docosa hexaenoic acid (DHA) content. Th and Tc cell levels were also elevated, as were expression levels of serum IL-4 and IL-6 genes. These results demonstrate that the immunity and metabolism of an animal can be effectively improved by co-expression of mFat-1 and IGF-1 genes in vivo, which may contribute to further development of novel immunomodulators with beneficial effects on growth metabolism and immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-Environment of Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianlin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-Environment of Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, Sichuan, China.,School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, China
| | - Fei-Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-Environment of Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, Sichuan, China
| | - Shiji Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-Environment of Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoping Wan
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-Environment of Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-Environment of Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianglin Li
- Center for Animal Disease Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610035, China
| | - Danyu Luo
- Chengdu Foreign Language School, Chengdu, 610060, Sichuan, China
| | - Zezhou Wang
- Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, 610066, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xuebin Lv
- Center for Animal Disease Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610035, China.
| | - Rong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-Environment of Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Volatile oils: Potential agents for the treatment of respiratory infections. THE MICROBIOLOGY OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM INFECTIONS 2016. [PMCID: PMC7149900 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-804543-5.00016-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Due to presence of secondary bioactive metabolites, natural compounds are considered a major source of new active molecules that can be developed as new drugs. Infectious diseases, and mainly the common respiratory infections, are major challenges to the current chemotherapy systems and, therefore, there is a requirement to find new compounds with therapeutic potential. The volatile natural compounds and essential oils are the main treasure agents in the natural compounds with antibiotic potential. The present chapter reviews natural traditional remedies used in the treatment of respiratory infections with the emphasis on antibacterial, antiviral, and antiinflammation activities of the volatile natural compounds (essential oils, etc.), and provides a brief view in some of structural activity relationships between antibacterial potencies and chemical structures of the essential oil’s constituents.
Collapse
|
23
|
Nutritional Solutions to Reduce Risks of Negative Health Impacts of Air Pollution. Nutrients 2015; 7:10398-416. [PMID: 26690474 PMCID: PMC4690091 DOI: 10.3390/nu7125539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Air pollution worldwide has been associated with cardiovascular and respiratory morbidity and mortality, particularly in urban settings with elevated concentrations of primary pollutants. Air pollution is a very complex mixture of primary and secondary gases and particles, and its potential to cause harm can depend on multiple factors—including physical and chemical characteristics of pollutants, which varies with fine-scale location (e.g., by proximity to local emission sources)—as well as local meteorology, topography, and population susceptibility. It has been hypothesized that the intake of anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory nutrients may ameliorate various respiratory and cardiovascular effects of air pollution through reductions in oxidative stress and inflammation. To date, several studies have suggested that some harmful effects of air pollution may be modified by intake of essential micronutrients (such as B vitamins, and vitamins C, D, and E) and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. Here, we review the existing literature related to the potential for nutrition to modify the health impacts of air pollution, and offer a framework for examining these interactions.
Collapse
|
24
|
Gomes PM, Hollanda-Miranda WR, Beraldo RA, Castro AV, Geloneze B, Foss MC, Foss-Freitas MC. Supplementation of α-linolenic acid improves serum adiponectin levels and insulin sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes. Nutrition 2015; 31:853-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2014.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
25
|
n-3 Fatty acids as resolvents of inflammation in the A549 cells. Pharmacol Rep 2015; 67:610-5. [PMID: 25933977 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatty acids and their derivatives are one of the most crucial inflammation mediators. The aim of our study was to evaluate the impact of polyunsaturated fatty acids as eicosanoids precursors on the A549 cell line. METHODS Cells were incubated with 40 μM of arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic or docosahexaenoic acid for 24h, then activated with LPS. Fatty acids content in the cell membranes were determined using gas chromatography. COX-2, cPGES and FP-receptor quantities were determined by Western blot. 8-Isoprostane F2α concentrations were determined by EIA. Maresin and protectin D1 contents were analyzed by UHPLC/MS-TOF method. RESULTS Significant differences in membrane fatty acids and levels of 8-isoPGF2α in the activated cells were detected. Elevated expression of COX-2 and FP-receptor was observed in cells treated with AA and activated with LPS. Moreover, compared to AA and AA+LPS groups, cells incubated with EPA, DHA, EPA+LPS and DHA+LPS showed decreased expression of COX-2, cPGES and FP-receptor. In cells incubated with EPA or DHA and activated with LPS maresin and protectin D1 were detected. CONCLUSIONS The results of the study have revealed the pro-inflammatory properties of AA, while the EPA and DHA had the opposite, resolving effect. Interestingly, FP-receptor inhibition by EPA and DHA demonstrated the unique role of the FP-receptor as a potential target for antagonists, in the diseases of inflammatory character. This study provides new information about n-3 fatty acids and their pro-resolving mediators, which can be used in the process of developing new anti-inflammatory drugs.
Collapse
|
26
|
Rajan D, McCracken CE, Kopleman HB, Kyu SY, Lee FEH, Lu X, Anderson LJ. Human rhinovirus induced cytokine/chemokine responses in human airway epithelial and immune cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114322. [PMID: 25500821 PMCID: PMC4264758 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections with human rhinovirus (HRV) are commonly associated with acute upper and lower respiratory tract disease and asthma exacerbations. The role that HRVs play in these diseases suggests it is important to understand host-specific or virus-specific factors that contribute to pathogenesis. Since species A HRVs are often associated with more serious HRV disease than species B HRVs, differences in immune responses they induce should inform disease pathogenesis. To identify species differences in induced responses, we evaluated 3 species A viruses, HRV 25, 31 and 36 and 3 species B viruses, HRV 4, 35 and 48 by exposing human PBMCs to HRV infected Calu-3 cells. To evaluate the potential effect of memory induced by previous HRV infection on study responses, we tested cord blood mononuclear cells that should be HRV naïve. There were HRV-associated increases (significant increase compared to mock-infected cells) for one or more HRVs for IP-10 and IL-15 that was unaffected by addition of PBMCs, for MIP-1α, MIP-1β, IFN-α, and HGF only with addition of PBMCs, and for ENA-78 only without addition of PBMCs. All three species B HRVs induced higher levels, compared to A HRVs, of MIP-1α and MIP-1β with PBMCs and ENA-78 without PBMCs. In contrast, addition of CBMCs had less effect and did not induce MIP-1α, MIP-1β, or IFN-α nor block ENA-78 production. Addition of CBMCs did, however, increase IP-10 levels for HRV 35 and HRV 36 infection. The presence of an effect with PBMCs and no effect with CBMCs for some responses suggest differences between the two types of cells possibly because of the presence of HRV memory responses in PBMCs and not CBMCs or limited response capacity for the immature CBMCs relative to PBMCs. Thus, our results indicate that different HRV strains can induce different patterns of cytokines and chemokines; some of these differences may be due to differences in memory responses induced by past HRV infections, and other differences related to virus factors that can inform disease pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Devi Rajan
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory Children's Center, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Courtney E. McCracken
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory Children's Center, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Hannah B. Kopleman
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory Children's Center, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Shuya Y. Kyu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, & Critical Care Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - F. Eun-Hyung Lee
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, & Critical Care Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Xiaoyan Lu
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Larry J. Anderson
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory Children's Center, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Muhsin MDA, George G, Beagley K, Ferro V, Armitage C, Islam N. Synthesis and Toxicological Evaluation of a Chitosan-l-Leucine Conjugate for Pulmonary Drug Delivery Applications. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:3596-607. [DOI: 10.1021/bm5008635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad D. A. Muhsin
- Institute
of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, Queensland 4059, Australia
- Pharmacy
Discipline, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Graeme George
- Institute
of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, Queensland 4059, Australia
| | - Kenneth Beagley
- Institute
of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, Queensland 4059, Australia
| | - Vito Ferro
- School
of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Charles Armitage
- Institute
of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, Queensland 4059, Australia
| | - Nazrul Islam
- Institute
of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, Queensland 4059, Australia
- Pharmacy
Discipline, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Genome-wide screen for serum microRNA expression profile in mfat-1 transgenic mice. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:9717-23. [PMID: 24972971 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2261-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
n-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) contribute to preventing many types of diseases, including cancer; however, a high n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6 PUFAs) intake in modern diets has the opposite effect. Previously, we developed a transgenic mouse model that expresses a gene, fat-1, encoding an n-3 fatty acid desaturase, which converts n-6 PUFAs to n-3 PUFAs in vivo. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) in serum are stable, reproducible, and consistent among individuals of the same species and serve as potential biomarkers for the detection of cancers and other diseases. Employing illumina sequencing, we analyzed all the serum miRNAs in wild-type and mfat-1 transgenic mice. Using quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR), we identified 12 miRNAs that were highly expressed in mfat-1 mice. Pathway analysis of targets regulated by these miRNAs revealed a significant number of genes involved in the development of cancer, including phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), which suggested a relationship between n-3 PUFAs and cancer prevention.
Collapse
|
29
|
Sheridan DA, Bridge SH, Crossey MME, Felmlee DJ, Fenwick FI, Thomas HC, Neely RDG, Taylor-Robinson SD, Bassendine MF. Omega-3 fatty acids and/or fluvastatin in hepatitis C prior non-responders to combination antiviral therapy - a pilot randomised clinical trial. Liver Int 2014; 34:737-47. [PMID: 24118830 DOI: 10.1111/liv.12316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hepatitis C virus (HCV) utilises cholesterol and lipoprotein metabolism for replication and infectivity. Statins and omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have been shown to have antiviral properties in vitro. This open label pilot study evaluated the efficacy of fluvastatin (Lescol(®) 40-80 mg) and n-3 PUFA (Omacor(®) 1 g and 2-4 g) on HCV-RNA and lipoviral particles (LVP) in difficult to treat prior non-responders. METHODS Patients (n = 60) were randomly allocated in a factorial design to: no active drug; low-dose n-3 PUFA; high-dose n-3 PUFA; fluvastatin; low-dose n-3 PUFA + fluvastatin; or high-dose n-3 PUFA + fluvastatin. 50/60 completed study drugs for 12 weeks and followed up to week 24. Comparison was made between fluvastatin (n = 24) vs no fluvastatin (n = 26) and n-3 PUFA high-dose (n = 17) vs low-dose (n = 17) vs none (n = 16). The primary outcomes were change in total HCV-RNA, LVP and ALT at week 12 compared with baseline. Secondary outcome was change in interferon-gamma-inducible protein-10 (IP10) as a measure of interferon activation. RESULTS 35% had compensated cirrhosis and 45% were prior null responders. There was no significant change in total HCV RNA, LVP, non-LVP or LVP ratio in patients receiving fluvastatin or n-3 PUFAs. ALT was not significantly different in those treated with fluvastatin or n-3 PUFAs. 12 weeks of low-dose n-3 PUFA decreased median IP10 concentration by -39 pg/ml (-111, 7.0 pg/ml Q1-Q3). CONCLUSIONS Fluvastatin and n-3 PUFAs have no effect on plasma HCV-RNA or LVP. The effect of low-dose n-3 PUFA on IP10 warrants further prospective evaluation as a supplemental therapy to enhance interferon sensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David A Sheridan
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Duska-McEwen G, Senft AP, Ruetschilling TL, Barrett EG, Buck RH. Human Milk Oligosaccharides Enhance Innate Immunity to Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Influenza <i>in Vitro</i>. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/fns.2014.514151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
31
|
Response to rhinovirus infection by human airway epithelial cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells in an in vitro two-chamber tissue culture system. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66600. [PMID: 23799120 PMCID: PMC3684571 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human rhinovirus (HRV) infections are associated with the common cold, occasionally with more serious lower respiratory tract illnesses, and frequently with asthma exacerbations. The clinical features of HRV infection and its association with asthma exacerbation suggest that some HRV disease results from virus-induced host immune responses to infection. To study the HRV-infection-induced host responses and the contribution of these responses to disease, we have developed an in vitro model of HRV infection of human airway epithelial cells (Calu-3 cells) and subsequent exposure of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to these infected cells in a two-chamber trans-well tissue culture system. Using this model, we studied HRV 14 (species B) and HRV 16 (species A) induced cytokine and chemokine responses with PBMCs from four healthy adults. Infection of Calu-3 cells with either virus induced HRV-associated increases in FGF-Basic, IL-15, IL-6, IL-28A, ENA-78 and IP-10. The addition of PBMCs to HRV 14-infected cells gave significant increases in MIP-1β, IL-28A, MCP-2, and IFN-α as compared with mock-infected cells. Interestingly, ENA-78 levels were reduced in HRV 14 infected cells that were exposed to PBMCs. Addition of PBMCs to HRV 16-infected cells did not induce MIP-1β, IL-28A and IFN-α efficiently nor did it decrease ENA-78 levels. Our results demonstrate a clear difference between HRV 14 and HRV 16 and the source of PBMCs, in up or down regulation of several cytokines including those that are linked to airway inflammation. Such differences might be one of the reasons for variation in disease associated with different HRV species including variation in their link to asthma exacerbations as suggested by other studies. Further study of immune responses associated with different HRVs and PBMCs from different patient groups, and the mechanisms leading to these differences, should help characterize pathogenesis of HRV disease and generate novel approaches to its treatment.
Collapse
|
32
|
Hsu ACY, Parsons K, Barr I, Lowther S, Middleton D, Hansbro PM, Wark PAB. Critical role of constitutive type I interferon response in bronchial epithelial cell to influenza infection. PLoS One 2012; 7:e32947. [PMID: 22396801 PMCID: PMC3292582 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate antiviral responses in bronchial epithelial cells (BECs) provide the first line of defense against respiratory viral infection and the effectiveness of this response is critically dependent on the type I interferons (IFNs). However the importance of the antiviral responses in BECs during influenza infection is not well understood. We profiled the innate immune response to infection with H3N2 and H5N1 virus using Calu-3 cells and primary BECs to model proximal airway cells. The susceptibility of BECs to influenza infection was not solely dependent on the sialic acid-bearing glycoprotein, and antiviral responses that occurred after viral endocytosis was more important in limiting viral replication. The early antiviral response and apoptosis correlated with the ability to limit viral replication. Both viruses reduced RIG-I associated antiviral responses and subsequent induction of IFN-β. However it was found that there was constitutive release of IFN-β by BECs and this was critical in inducing late antiviral signaling via type I IFN receptors, and was crucial in limiting viral infection. This study characterizes anti-influenza virus responses in airway epithelial cells and shows that constitutive IFN-β release plays a more important role in initiating protective late IFN-stimulated responses during human influenza infection in bronchial epithelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan C-Y Hsu
- Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
DHA supplementation during pregnancy and lactation affects infants' cellular but not humoral immune response. Mediators Inflamm 2011; 2011:493925. [PMID: 21941411 PMCID: PMC3175709 DOI: 10.1155/2011/493925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2011] [Revised: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 06/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. It is currently recommended that diet of pregnant mothers contain 200–300 mg DHA/day. Aim. To determine whether DHA supplementation during pregnancy and lactation affects infants' immune response. Methods. 60 women in ≥3rd pregnancy studied; 30 randomly assigned to receive DHA 400 mg/day from 12th week gestation until 4 months postpartum. From breast-fed infants, blood obtained for anti-HBs antibodies, immunoglobulins, lymphocyte subset phenotyping, and intracellular cytokine production. Results. CD4+ lymphocytes did not differ between groups, but CD4CD45RA/CD4 (naïve cells) significantly higher in infants in DHA+ group. Proportion of CD4 and CD8 cells producing IFNγ significantly lower in DHA+ group, with no differences in proportion of IL4-producing cells. Immunoglobulins and anti-HBs levels did not differ between groups. Conclusions. In infants of mothers receiving DHA supplementation, a higher percentage of CD4 naïve cells and decreased CD4 and CD8 IFNγ production is compatible with attenuation of a proinflammatory response.
Collapse
|
34
|
Vincentini O, Quaranta MG, Viora M, Agostoni C, Silano M. Docosahexaenoic acid modulates in vitro the inflammation of celiac disease in intestinal epithelial cells via the inhibition of cPLA2. Clin Nutr 2011; 30:541-6. [PMID: 21421277 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2011.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2010] [Revised: 01/28/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The cytosolic phospolypase A(2) (cPLA(2)) - dependent release of arachidonic acid (AA) from the intra-epithelial lymphocytes plays a pivotal role in arming lymphocytes to cytolysis in the immune response of celiac disease. However, little is known about the role of enterocytes in releasing AA. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is a long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid that counteracts many of the proinflammatory effect of AA. The aims of the present work were to evaluate if: 1) intestinal epithelial cells have a role in the celiac inflammation, releasing AA, and 2) if DHA is able to modulate the celiac inflammation, down-regulating the release of AA. METHODS A human intestinal epithelial cell line (Caco-2) was exposed to gliadin peptides (PT-gl) (500 μg/ml) and DHA (2 μg/ml), both alone and simultaneously up to 24 h. RESULTS The exposure of those cells to PT-gl alone resulted in an increased AA release, cycloxygenase-2 expression, cPLA(2) activity and prostaglandin E(2) and interleukin-8 release in culture medium, whereas the simultaneous exposure of the cells to DHA and PT-gl prevented the above-mentioned increases. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that intestinal epithelial cells sustain the celiac inflammation, releasing AA when stimulated with gliadin and that DHA inhibits the AA release by these cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olimpia Vincentini
- Unit of Human Nutrition and Health, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|