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Sohn DS, Kim JR, Kim HG, Choi HS, Moon YS. Comparison of immunohistochemical analysis on sinus augmentation using demineralized tooth graft and bovine bone. J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg 2021; 47:269-278. [PMID: 34462384 PMCID: PMC8408643 DOI: 10.5125/jkaoms.2021.47.4.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The purpose of this animal research was to compare bone regeneration in augmented rabbit maxillary sinuses treated with demineralized particulate human-tooth graft and anorganic bovine bone by immunohistochemical analysis. Materials and Methods Piezoelectric bilateral sinus augmentation was performed in eight adult rabbits. In the control group, anorganic bovine was grafted in the maxillary sinus following elevation of the sinus membrane. In the experimental group, demineralized human particulate tooth bone was grafted in the sinus. Bone regeneration in augmented sinuses was evaluated by immunohistochemical analysis using various markers of osteoprogenitor cells. Results The number of bromodeoxyuridine-labeled cells was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group at eight weeks. The immunoreactivity of proliferating-cell nuclear antigen was increased slightly in the experimental group relative to the control group at eight weeks. Other bone markers were expressed equally in the two groups. Conclusion In the rabbit maxillary sinus, higher osteoinduction was correlated with demineralized human particulate tooth bone grafting than with anorganic bovine grafting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Seok Sohn
- Department of Dentistry and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Ji-Rak Kim
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hyung-Gyun Kim
- Department of Dentistry and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hyun-Suk Choi
- Department of Dentistry and Prosthodontics, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yong-Suk Moon
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, Daegu, Korea
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2
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Galan-Ros J, Ramos-Arenas V, Conesa-Zamora P. Predictive values of colon microbiota in the treatment response to colorectal cancer. Pharmacogenomics 2020; 21:1045-1059. [PMID: 32896201 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2020-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The crosstalk between the colon mucosa and the microbiota represents a complex and delicate equilibrium. Gastrointestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer (CRC) are associated with a state of altered microbiota composition known as dysbiosis, which seems to play a causative role in some of these illnesses. Recent reports have shown that the colorectal microbiome is responsible for the response and safety to treatments against CRC, especially immunotherapy, hence opening the possibility to use bacteria as a predictive marker and also as a therapeutic agent. The review objective is to summarize updated reports about the the implication of the colorectal microbiome in the development of CRC, in treatment response and its potential as a therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Galan-Ros
- Microbiology Department, Santa Lucia University Hospital (HGUSL), Cartagena, 30202, Spain
| | - Verónica Ramos-Arenas
- Clinical Analysis Department, Santa Lucia University Hospital (HGUSL), Cartagena, 30202, Spain
| | - Pablo Conesa-Zamora
- Clinical Analysis Department, Santa Lucia University Hospital (HGUSL), Cartagena, 30202, Spain.,Department of Histology & Pathology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), Murcia, 30107, Spain.,Research Group on Molecular Pathology & Pharmacogenetics, Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB), Calle Mezquita sn, Cartagena, 30202, Spain
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3
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Polysaccharide from Lycium barbarum L. leaves enhances absorption of endogenous calcium, and elevates cecal calcium transport protein levels and serum cytokine levels in rats. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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4
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Goodlad RA. Quantification of epithelial cell proliferation, cell dynamics, and cell kinetics in vivo. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2017; 6. [PMID: 28474479 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The measurement of cell proliferation in vivo is usually carried out by the examination of static measures. These comprise the mitotic index or labeling indices using incorporation of DNA synthesis markers such as bromodeoxyuridine or tritiated thymidine, or intrinsic markers, such as Ki67 and proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). But static measures only provide a 'snapshot' of cell proliferation. Rate measures, including double labeling methods and the metaphase arrest method, can actually measure cell production rates but they are far less utilized at present. Transit times and migration rates can also be measured using pulse and chase labeling or by following the transit of labeled cells through the tissue. Simple indices of cell division can easily be confounded by concomitant changes in the compartment size and many alleged markers of proliferation have serious shortcomings, as the markers may be involved in multiple aspects of cell regulation. The complexities of studying proliferation in vivo are illustrated here with a focus on the gastrointestinal tract. Some of these methods can help elucidate the role of the stem cells and their relationship to label retaining cells. WIREs Dev Biol 2017, 6:e274. doi: 10.1002/wdev.274 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Abstract
The intestinal microbiota consists of a dynamic organization of bacteria, viruses, archaea, and fungal species essential for maintaining gut homeostasis and protecting the host against pathogenic invasion. When dysregulated, the intestinal microbiota can contribute to colorectal cancer development. Though the microbiota is multifaceted in its ability to induce colorectal cancer, this review will focus on the capability of the microbiota to induce colorectal cancer through the modulation of immune function and the production of microbial-derived metabolites. We will also explore an experimental technique that is revolutionizing intestinal research. By elucidating the interactions of microbial species with epithelial tissue, and allowing for drug screening of patients with colorectal cancers, organoid development is a novel culturing technique that is innovating intestinal research. As a cancer that remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide, it is imperative that scientific findings are translated into the creation of effective therapeutics to treat colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Oke
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alberto Martin
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College Cir, MSB 7302, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A1, Canada
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6
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Yoneda M, Molinolo AA, Ward JM, Kimura S, Goodlad RA. A Simple Device to Rapidly Prepare Whole Mounts of the Mouse Intestine. J Vis Exp 2015:e53042. [PMID: 26556642 DOI: 10.3791/53042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Preparing whole mounts of the mouse small intestine and colon for subsequent analysis or quantification can be time consuming and difficult. We describe the use of a simple device to cut and 'roll' mouse intestines to rapidly prepare whole mount preparations of superior and uniform quality to that which can be achieved by hand. The device comprises a base that holds 4 stainless steel rods and a top, which acts a cutting guide. The rods are inserted into the lumen of the small intestine [divided into thirds] and the colon. The rods and samples are then placed over a piece of filter paper or card into the holding slots in the base of the device. The top of the device is then positioned and serves as a cutting guide. The two angled sections in the center of the top piece are used to guide a knife or scalpel and cut the intestines longitudinally on the top of the rods. Once the intestinal sections have been cut, the top is removed and the card, tissue and rods gently removed from the device and placed on the bench. The rods are then gently rolled sideways to flatten and stick the intestinal segments onto the underlying piece of filter paper or card. The final preparation can then be examined or fixed and stored for later analysis. The preparations are invaluable for the study of intestinal changes in normal or genetically modified mouse models. The preparations have been used for the study and quantification of the effects of inflammation (colitis), damage, pre-cancerous lesions (aberrant crypt foci (ACFs) and mucin depleted foci (MDFs)) and polyps or tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Yoneda
- National Cancer Institute, Laboratory of Metabolism, National Institutes of Health
| | - Alfredo A Molinolo
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institutes of Health
| | | | - Shioko Kimura
- National Cancer Institute, Laboratory of Metabolism, National Institutes of Health;
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7
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Toden S, Lockett TJ, Topping DL, Scherer BL, Watson EJL, Southwood JG, Clarke JM. Butyrylated starch affects colorectal cancer markers beneficially and dose-dependently in genotoxin-treated rats. Cancer Biol Ther 2015; 15:1515-23. [PMID: 25482948 PMCID: PMC4622003 DOI: 10.4161/15384047.2014.955764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Population studies suggest that greater dietary fiber intake may lower colorectal cancer (CRC) risk, possibly through the colonic bacterial fermentative production of butyrate. Butyrylated starch delivers butyrate to the colon of humans with potential to reduce CRC risk but high doses may exacerbate risk through promoting epithelial proliferation. Here we report the effects of increasing dietary butyrylated high amylose maize starch (HAMSB) on azoxymethane (AOM) induced distal colonic DNA damage, cell proliferation, mucus layer thickness and apoptosis in rats. Five groups of 15 rats were fed AIN-93G based diets containing 0–40% HAMSB for 4 weeks then injected with (AOM) and killed 6 hours later. Large bowel total SCFA, acetate and butyrate pools and hepatic portal venous plasma total SCFA, acetate and butyrate concentrations were higher with greater HAMSB intake. Distal colonic epithelial apoptotic index and colonic mucus thickness increased, while DNA single strand breaks decreased dose-dependently with greater HAMSB intake. Colonocyte proliferation rates were unaffected by diet. These data suggest that increasing large bowel butyrate may reduce the risk of CRC in a dose dependent manner by enhancing apoptotic surveillance in the colonic epithelium for damaged cells without promoting the risk of tumorigenesis through increased cell proliferation.
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Key Words
- AI, apoptotic index
- AOM, azoxymethane
- Abbreviations:
- DNA damage
- HAMS, high amylose maize starch
- HAMSB butyrylated high amylose maize starch
- HAMSB0, base diet containing 0% HAMSB
- HAMSB10, base diet containing 10% HAMSB
- HAMSB20, base diet containing 20% HAMSB
- HAMSB40, base diet containing 40% HAMSB
- HAMSB5, base diet containing 5% HAMSB
- RS, resistant starch
- SCFA, short chain fatty acid
- SSB, single-stranded DNA breaks
- apoptosis
- azoxymethane
- butyrylated high amylose maize starch
- resistant starch
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Affiliation(s)
- Shusuke Toden
- a Preventative Health National Research Flagship ; Adelaide , Australia
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8
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Belcheva A, Irrazabal T, Martin A. Gut microbial metabolism and colon cancer: Can manipulations of the microbiota be useful in the management of gastrointestinal health? Bioessays 2015; 37:403-12. [DOI: 10.1002/bies.201400204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alberto Martin
- Department of Immunology; University of Toronto; ON Canada
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9
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Fructo-oligosaccharides and iron bioavailability in anaemic rats: the effects on iron species distribution, ferroportin-1 expression, crypt bifurcation and crypt cell proliferation in the caecum. Br J Nutr 2014; 112:1286-95. [PMID: 25192308 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114514002165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) on the bioavailability of Fe from ferric pyrophosphate (FP), a water-insoluble compound, in Fe-deficient anaemic rats that were subjected to a Hb repletion assay. Male Wistar rats (n 64) were fed adequate or low (8 mg/kg) Fe diets for 15 d followed by 1 or 2 weeks of Fe repletion with diets providing 35 mg Fe/kg as ferrous sulphate (FS), FP or FP that was mixed with 7·5% FOS in the form of yacon flour or Raftilose P95 (RAF), a purified source of FOS. The effects of FOS were observed within the 1st week of the repletion period. Fe bioavailability was improved by FOS supplementation, as measured by Hb regeneration efficiency and hepatic Fe stores, which were more pronounced in the RAF group. Moreover, RAF supplementation resulted in a higher biological value relative to that of the FP group. FOS supplementation resulted in caecal enlargement, in addition to acidification and Fe species redistribution in the caecal contents relative to the control rats. These effects occurred concomitantly with decreased ferroportin (FPN)-1 expression in the caecal mucosa, which was similar in magnitude to that observed in the FS group. Caecum mucosal morphometry was influenced by FOS supplementation, whereas crypt fission and cell proliferation were highest in the caecum of the RAF group. These results reinforce the effects of FOS as Fe bioavailability enhancers in anaemic rats that are sustained by early changes in their caecal environment (decreased mucosal FPN-1 expression and increased Fe absorbability, crypt fission and cellularity).
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10
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Irrazábal T, Belcheva A, Girardin S, Martin A, Philpott D. The Multifaceted Role of the Intestinal Microbiota in Colon Cancer. Mol Cell 2014; 54:309-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2014.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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11
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Samanta A, Jayapal N, Senani S, Kolte A, Sridhar M. Prebiotic inulin: Useful dietary adjuncts to manipulate the livestock gut microflora. Braz J Microbiol 2013; 44:1-14. [PMID: 24159277 PMCID: PMC3804171 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822013005000023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a growing appreciation on the relevance of gastrointestinal microflora in both ruminants and non-ruminants owing to revelation of their role in several physiological functions including digestion, nutrient utilization, pathogen exclusion, gastrointestinal development, immunity system, gut gene expression and quality of animal products. The ban imposed on the use of antibiotics and hormones in feed has compelled animal researchers in finding an alternative which could overcome the issues of conventional feed additives. Though the concept of prebiotic was evolved keeping in mind the gastrointestinal flora of human beings, presently animal researchers are exploring the efficiency of prebiotic (inulin) for modulating the gut ecosystem of both ruminants and non-ruminants. It was revealed that prebiotic inulin is found to exhibit desirable changes in the gut of non-ruminants like poultry, swine, rabbit etc for augmenting gut health and improvement of product quality. Similarly, in ruminants the prebiotic reduces rumen ammonia nitrogen, methane production, increase microbial protein synthesis and live weight gains in calves. Unlike other feed additives, prebiotic exhibits its effect in multipronged ways for overall increase in the performances of the animals. In coming days, it is expected that prebiotics could be the part of diets in both ruminants and non-ruminants for enabling modulation of gut microflora vis a vis animals productivity in ecological ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.K. Samanta
- National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore, India
| | - Natasha Jayapal
- National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore, India
| | - S. Senani
- National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore, India
| | - A.P. Kolte
- National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore, India
| | - Manpal Sridhar
- National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore, India
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12
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Kanauchi O, Mitsuyama K, Andoh A. The new prophylactic strategy for colon cancer in inflammatory bowel disease by modulating microbiota. Scand J Gastroenterol 2013; 48:387-400. [PMID: 23249220 DOI: 10.3109/00365521.2012.741617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
It is well understood that intestinal microbiota play an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In addition, IBD patients are well known to have a higher risk of developing colon cancer due to chronic inflammation. Recent evidence suggests that manipulation of microbiota improves the clinical outcome of patients with IBD and may reduce onset of colon cancer without obvious toxicity. This review summarizes the current experimental and clinical knowledge about the role of intestinal microbiota in IBD and colon cancer, and the nutraceutical therapy for colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Kanauchi
- Strategic Research and Development Department Kirin Holdings Co., Ltd., Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan. kanauchio@kirin,co.jp
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13
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Femia AP, Luceri C, Bianchini F, Salvadori M, Salvianti F, Pinzani P, Dolara P, Calorini L, Caderni G. Marie Ménard apples with high polyphenol content and a low-fat diet reduce 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colon carcinogenesis in rats: effects on inflammation and apoptosis. Mol Nutr Food Res 2012; 56:1353-7. [PMID: 22715065 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201200122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Revised: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation may increase cancer risk, therefore, we studied whether polyphenol-rich Marie Ménard (MM) apples with reported anti-inflammatory activity prevent 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced colon carcinogenesis in rats and, likewise whether high-fat (HF) diet promoting carcinogenesis, may affect inflammation. DMH-induced rats were fed for 15 weeks with: an HF diet (23% corn oil w/w); an HF diet containing 7.6% w/w lyophilized MM (apple diet (AD)); a low-fat (LF) diet and an HF diet containing piroxicam (PXC) (0.01% w/w) as control. Mucin depleted foci (MDF), precancerous lesions in the colon, were dramatically reduced in the AD, LF, and PXC groups compared with the HF. Peritoneal macrophage activation, an index of systemic inflammation, was significantly decreased in the AD, LF, and PXC groups. TNF-α, iNOS, IL-1β, IL-6 m-RNA expression in the colon, as well as CD68 cells and plasmatic PGE2 were lower in the AD, but not in the LF group. Apoptosis in the MDF of both the AD and LF-fed rats was significantly higher than in HF rats. In conclusion, AD has a strong chemopreventive effect, reducing inflammation, and increasing apoptosis, while the chemopreventive effect of the LF diet seems mediated mainly by increased apoptosis in MDF.
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Conlon MA, Kerr CA, McSweeney CS, Dunne RA, Shaw JM, Kang S, Bird AR, Morell MK, Lockett TJ, Molloy PL, Regina A, Toden S, Clarke JM, Topping DL. Resistant starches protect against colonic DNA damage and alter microbiota and gene expression in rats fed a Western diet. J Nutr 2012; 142:832-40. [PMID: 22457395 PMCID: PMC3327741 DOI: 10.3945/jn.111.147660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistant starch (RS), fed as high amylose maize starch (HAMS) or butyrylated HAMS (HAMSB), opposes dietary protein-induced colonocyte DNA damage in rats. In this study, rats were fed Western-type diets moderate in fat (19%) and protein (20%) containing digestible starches [low amylose maize starch (LAMS) or low amylose whole wheat (LAW)] or RS [HAMS, HAMSB, or a whole high amylose wheat (HAW) generated by RNA interference] for 11 wk (n = 10/group). A control diet included 7% fat, 13% protein, and LAMS. Colonocyte DNA single-strand breaks (SSB) were significantly higher (by 70%) in rats fed the Western diet containing LAMS relative to controls. Dietary HAW, HAMS, and HAMSB opposed this effect while raising digesta levels of SCFA and lowering ammonia and phenol levels. SSB correlated inversely with total large bowel SCFA, including colonic butyrate concentration (R(2) = 0.40; P = 0.009), and positively with colonic ammonia concentration (R(2) = 0.40; P = 0.014). Analysis of gut microbiota populations using a phylogenetic microarray revealed profiles that fell into 3 distinct groups: control and LAMS; HAMS and HAMSB; and LAW and HAW. The expression of colonic genes associated with the maintenance of genomic integrity (notably Mdm2, Top1, Msh3, Ung, Rere, Cebpa, Gmnn, and Parg) was altered and varied with RS source. HAW is as effective as HAMS and HAMSB in opposing diet-induced colonic DNA damage in rats, but their effects on the large bowel microbiota and colonocyte gene expression differ, possibly due to the presence of other fiber components in HAW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Conlon
- CSIRO Preventative Health,Food Futures National Research Flagships, and,CSIRO Food and Nutritional Sciences, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Caroline A. Kerr
- CSIRO Preventative Health,CSIRO Food and Nutritional Sciences, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Robert A. Dunne
- CSIRO Preventative Health,CSIRO Mathematics, Informatics and Statistics, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia; and
| | - Janet M. Shaw
- CSIRO Preventative Health,CSIRO Food and Nutritional Sciences, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Seungha Kang
- CSIRO Preventative Health,CSIRO Livestock Industries, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Anthony R. Bird
- CSIRO Preventative Health,Food Futures National Research Flagships, and,CSIRO Food and Nutritional Sciences, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Matthew K. Morell
- Food Futures National Research Flagships, and,CSIRO Plant Industry, Black Mountain, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Trevor J. Lockett
- CSIRO Preventative Health,CSIRO Food and Nutritional Sciences, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter L. Molloy
- CSIRO Preventative Health,CSIRO Food and Nutritional Sciences, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ahmed Regina
- Food Futures National Research Flagships, and,CSIRO Plant Industry, Black Mountain, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Shusuke Toden
- CSIRO Preventative Health,Food Futures National Research Flagships, and,CSIRO Food and Nutritional Sciences, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Julie M. Clarke
- CSIRO Preventative Health,CSIRO Food and Nutritional Sciences, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - David L. Topping
- CSIRO Preventative Health,Food Futures National Research Flagships, and,CSIRO Food and Nutritional Sciences, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia,To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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15
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Svendsen C, Alexander J, Paulsen JE, Knutsen HK, Hjertholm H, Brantsæter AL, Husøy T. The impact of commercial rodent diets on the induction of tumours and flat aberrant crypt foci in the intestine of multiple intestinal neoplasia mice. Lab Anim 2012; 46:207-14. [PMID: 22522416 DOI: 10.1258/la.2012.011055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A large variation in spontaneous tumour development in the multiple intestinal neoplasia (Min) mouse model between laboratories has been reported. The composition of the diet might be an important factor. We examined the impact of five commercial rodent diets: the natural ingredient breeding diet Harlan Teklad 2018 (HT), the purified breeding diet AIN93G, the natural ingredient maintenance diet RM1, and the purified maintenance diets AIN93M and AIN76A, on the spontaneous intestinal tumorigenesis in the Min mouse model. The Min mice were fed one of two breeding diets during gestation and until four weeks of age, thereafter one of the three maintenance diets. Min mice bred on the breeding diet HT had significantly higher numbers and incidences of tumours in the colon, but fewer tumours in the small intestine than the breeding diet AIN93G. The maintenance diet RM1 gave a significantly higher number of small intestinal and colonic tumours and precancerous lesions called flat aberrant crypt foci (ACF) compared with the maintenance diets AIN93M and AIN76A. These findings show the importance of defining the type of diet used in experimental intestinal carcinogenesis studies, and that the diet should be taken into consideration when comparing results from different studies with Min mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Svendsen
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Food Safety and Nutrition, PO Box 4404, Nydalen, NO-0403 Oslo, Norway
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16
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An arabinoxylan-rich fraction from wheat enhances caecal fermentation and protects colonocyte DNA against diet-induced damage in pigs. Br J Nutr 2011; 107:1274-82. [PMID: 22115395 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114511004338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Population studies show that greater red and processed meat consumption increases colorectal cancer risk, whereas dietary fibre is protective. In rats, resistant starches (a dietary fibre component) oppose colonocyte DNA strand breaks induced by high red meat diets, consistent with epidemiological data. Protection appears to be through SCFA, particularly butyrate, produced by large bowel carbohydrate fermentation. Arabinoxylans are important wheat fibre components and stimulate large bowel carbohydrate SCFA production. The present study aimed to determine whether an arabinoxylan-rich fraction (AXRF) from wheat protected colonocytes from DNA damage and changed colonic microbial composition in pigs fed with a diet high (30 %) in cooked red meat for 4 weeks. AXRF was primarily fermented in the caecum, as indicated by higher tissue and digesta weights and higher caecal (but not colonic) acetate, propionate and total SCFA concentrations. Protein fermentation product concentrations (caecal p-cresol and mid- and distal colonic phenol) were lower in pigs fed with AXRF. Colonocyte DNA damage was lower in pigs fed with AXRF. The microbial profiles of mid-colonic mucosa and adjacent digesta showed that bacteria affiliating with Prevotella spp. and Clostridial cluster IV were more abundant in both the mucosa and digesta fractions of pigs fed with AXRF. These data suggest that, although AXRF was primarily fermented in the caecum, DNA damage was reduced in the large bowel, occurring in conjunction with lower phenol concentrations and altered microbial populations. Further studies to determine the relationships between these changes and the lowering of colonocyte DNA damage are warranted.
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Clarke JM, Young GP, Topping DL, Bird AR, Cobiac L, Scherer BL, Winkler JG, Lockett TJ. Butyrate delivered by butyrylated starch increases distal colonic epithelial apoptosis in carcinogen-treated rats. Carcinogenesis 2011; 33:197-202. [PMID: 22080572 PMCID: PMC3276328 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgr254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal studies show that increasing large bowel butyrate concentration through ingestion of butyrylated or resistant starches opposes carcinogen-induced tumorigenesis, which is consistent with population data linking greater fiber consumption with lowered colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. Butyrate has been shown to regulate the apoptotic response to DNA damage. This study examined the impact of increasing large bowel butyrate concentration by dietary butyrylated starch on the colonic epithelium of rats treated with the genotoxic carcinogen azoxymethane (AOM). Four groups of 10 male rats were fed AIN-93G based-diets containing either low amylose maize starch (LAMS), LAMS with 3% tributyrin, 10% high amylose maize starch (HAMS) or 10% butyrylated HAMS (HAMSB). HAMS and HAMSB starches were cooked by heating in water. After 4 weeks, rats were injected once with AOM and killed 6 h later. Rates of apoptosis and proliferation were measured in colonic epithelium. Short-chain fatty acid concentrations in large bowel digesta and hepatic portal venous plasma were higher in HAMSB than all other groups. Apoptotic rates in the distal colon were increased by HAMSB and correlated with luminal butyrate concentrations but cellular proliferation rates were unaffected by diet. The increase in apoptosis was most marked in the base and proliferative zone of the crypt. Regulation of luminal butyrate using HAMSB increases the rates of apoptotic deletion of DNA-damaged colonocytes. We propose this pro-apoptotic function of butyrate plays a major role reducing tumour formation in the AOM-treated rat and that these data support a potential protective role of butyrate in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie M Clarke
- Preventative Health National Research Flagship, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Food and Nutritional Sciences, PO Box 10041, Adelaide BC, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia.
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Implicación de NF-κB y p53 en la expresión de receptores de muerte-TRAIL y apoptosis por procianidinas en células metastásicas humanas SW620. BIOMEDICA 2011. [DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.v30i4.296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Tammariello AE, Milner JA. Mouse models for unraveling the importance of diet in colon cancer prevention. J Nutr Biochem 2010; 21:77-88. [PMID: 20122631 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2009.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2009] [Revised: 07/30/2009] [Accepted: 09/21/2009] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Diet and genetics are both considered important risk determinants for colorectal cancer, a leading cause of death worldwide. Several genetically engineered mouse models have been created, including the ApcMin mouse, to aid in the identification of key cancer related processes and to assist with the characterization of environmental factors, including the diet, which influence risk. Current research using these models provides evidence that several bioactive food components can inhibit genetically predisposed colorectal cancer, while others increase risk. Specifically, calorie restriction or increased exposure to n-3 fatty acids, sulforaphane, chafuroside, curcumin and dibenzoylmethane were reported protective. Total fat, calories and all-trans retinoic acid are associated with an increased risk. Unraveling the importance of specific dietary components in these models is complicated by the basal diet used, the quantity of test components provided and interactions among food components. Newer models are increasingly available to evaluate fundamental cellular processes, including DNA mismatch repair, immune function and inflammation as markers for colon cancer risk. Unfortunately, these models have been used infrequently to examine the influence of specific dietary components. The enhanced use of these models can shed mechanistic insights about the involvement of specific bioactive food and components and energy as determinants of colon cancer risk. However, the use of available mouse models to exactly represent processes important to human gastrointestinal cancers will remain a continued scientific challenge.
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Is the dietary fibre concept becoming too hard to digest? Br J Nutr 2008; 100:693-4. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114508943725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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