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Ota G, Inoue R, Saito A, Kono Y, Kitayama J, Sata N, Horie H. Reduced Abundance of Phocaeicola in Mucosa-associated Microbiota Is Associated with Distal Colorectal Cancer Metastases Possibly through an Altered Local Immune Environment. J Anus Rectum Colon 2024; 8:235-245. [PMID: 39086872 PMCID: PMC11286368 DOI: 10.23922/jarc.2024-014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to identify the microbiota whose decrease in tumor area was associated with the metastatic process of distal colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods Twenty-eight consecutive patients with distal CRC undergoing surgical resection in our hospital were enrolled. Microbiota in 28 specimens from surgically resected colorectal cancers were analyzed using 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene amplicon sequencing and the relative abundance (RA) of microbiota was evaluated. The densities of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) and tumor associated macrophages (TAM) in the colorectal cancers were immunohistochemically evaluated. Results Phocaeicola was the most abundant microbiota in normal mucosa. The RA of Phocaeicola in tumor tissues tended to be lower than that in normal mucosa although the difference was not significant (p=0.0732). The RA of Phocaeicola at tumor sites did not correlate either with depth of tumor invasion (pT-stage) or tumor size, however they were significantly reduced in patients with nodal metastases (p<0.05) and those with distant metastases (p<0.001). The RA of Phocaeicola at tumor sites showed positive correlation with the densities of CD3(+) or CD8(+) TIL. Since P. vulgatus was the most dominant species (47%) of the Phocaeicola, the RA of P. vulgatus and CRC metastasis and its association with TIL and TAM were also investigated. P. vulgatus showed a similar trend to genus Phocaeicola but was not statistically significant. Conclusions A relative reduction of Phocaeicola attenuates the local anti-tumor immune response in distal CRC, which may facilitate metastatic spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaku Ota
- Department of Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Ryo Inoue
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Akira Saito
- Department of Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Kono
- Department of Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Joji Kitayama
- Department of Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
- Clinical Research Center, Division of Translational Research, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Naohiro Sata
- Department of Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Hisanaga Horie
- Department of Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
- Department of Operating Room Management, Jichi Medical University Hospital, Shimotsuke, Japan
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Yasuda R, Kamada K, Murakami T, Inoue R, Mizushima K, Hirose R, Inoue K, Dohi O, Yoshida N, Katada K, Uchiyama K, Handa O, Ishikawa T, Takagi T, Konishi H, Naito Y, Itoh Y. Astaxanthin attenuated the stress-induced intestinal motility disorder via altering the gut microbiota. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2023; 93:427-437. [PMID: 35635517 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are recognized as key factors in the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome. Astaxanthin is a carotenoid with strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, we examined the effects of astaxanthin on gut microbiota-, SCFAs-, and corticotropin-releasing factor (CRH)-induced intestinal hypermotility. Male Wistar rats (n=12 per group) were fed a diet with or without 0. 02% (w/w) astaxanthin for four weeks and CRH or saline was administered intravenously. The number of fecal pellets was counted 2 h after injection. Then the rats were sacrificed, and the cecal content were collected 3 h after injection. The number of feces was significantly increased by CRH injection in the control group (2.0 vs. 6.5; p=0.028), but not in the astaxanthin group (1.0 vs. 2.2; p=0.229) (n=6 per group). The cecal microbiota in the astaxanthin group was significantly altered compared with that in the control group. The concentrations of acetic acid (81.1 μmol/g vs. 103.9 μmol/g; p=0.015) and butyric acid (13.4 μmol/g vs. 39.2 μmol/g; p<0.001) in the astaxanthin group were significantly lower than that in the control group (n=12 per group). Astaxanthin attenuates CRH-induced intestinal hypermotility and alters the composition of gut microbiota and SCFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritsu Yasuda
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kamada
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takaaki Murakami
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryo Inoue
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Katsura Mizushima
- Department of Human Immunology and Nutrition Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryohei Hirose
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ken Inoue
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Osamu Dohi
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naohisa Yoshida
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Katada
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Uchiyama
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Osamu Handa
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ishikawa
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Takagi
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Konishi
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuji Naito
- Department of Human Immunology and Nutrition Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshito Itoh
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
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Yuzbashian E, Moftah S, Chan CB. Graduate Student Literature Review: A scoping review on the impact of consumption of dairy products on phosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylcholine in circulation and the liver in human studies and animal models. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:24-38. [PMID: 36400621 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-21938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Dairy consumption is inversely related to the risk of developing type 2 diabetes in epidemiological research. One proposed hypothesis is that phospholipid (PL) species associated with dairy consumption mediate this relationship. This scoping review aimed to identify the existing literature in animal and human trials investigating the impact of dairy products, including milk, yogurt, and cheese as well as dairy-derived PL supplementation on PL and its species in the circulation, summarizing the characteristics of these studies and identifying research gaps. A systematic search was conducted across 3 databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) in March 2021. Of 2,427 identified references, 15 studies (7 humans and 8 animal studies) met the eligibility criteria and were included in the final narrative synthesis. The evidence base was heterogeneous, involving a variety of clinical and preclinical studies, metabolically healthy or obese/diabetic participants or animal models, and displayed mixed findings. Circulating postprandial concentrations of total PL were elevated acutely but unchanged after longer intervention with dairy products. The PL concentration remained stable even after a high dosage of milk supplemented with dairy-derived PL, which may be related to increased fecal excretion; however, certain phosphatidylcholine (PC) or lysophosphatidylcholine species were increased in circulation by interventions. These include several PC species with 32 to 38 total carbons in addition to the dairy biomarkers C15:0 and C17:0. The results of this scoping review demonstrate a small body of literature indicating that dairy products can influence blood concentrations of PC and lysophosphatidylcholine species in both rodents and humans without alteration of total PL and PC. There is a lack of well-designed trials in humans and animals that explore the potential differences between individual dairy foods on PL species. In addition, trials to understand the bioactive properties of PC and lysophosphatidylcholine species on cardiometabolic risk are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad Yuzbashian
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5
| | - Salma Moftah
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2H7
| | - Catherine B Chan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5; Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2H7.
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Imai T, Inoue R, Nishida A, Yokota Y, Morishima S, Kawahara M, Kusada H, Tamaki H, Andoh A. Features of the gut prokaryotic virome of Japanese patients with Crohn's disease. J Gastroenterol 2022; 57:559-570. [PMID: 35689701 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-022-01882-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The gut virome is mainly composed of bacteriophages and influences gut homeostasis and pathogenic conditions. In this study, we analyzed the gut prokaryotic virome in Japanese patients with Crohn's disease (CD). MATERIALS/METHODS We collected 19 fecal samples from CD patients and 16 samples from healthy controls. The gut bacteriome was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and the virome was profiled by shotgun metagenomic sequencing. RESULTS Despite no differences in richness and evenness, there was a significant difference in the overall structure of the gut virome between CD patients and controls (P = 0.013). CrAssphage and Staphylococcus virus, belonging to the order Caudovirales, were dominant in the gut virome of controls and CD patients. The abundance of crAssphage was significantly greater in CD patients than controls (P = 0.021). Lactococcus, Enterococcus and Lactobacillus phages were present only in CD patients, while Xanthomonas and Escherichia phages were unique to the controls. In the gut bacteriome of CD patients, richness and evenness were significantly lower, and a significant difference in the overall structure was observed between groups (P = 0.014). The gut bacteriome of CD patients was characterized by a decrease of the genera Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, and Ruminococcus and an increase of the family Enterobacteriaceae. There were more significant correlations between viruses and bacteria in CD patients than controls. CONCLUSIONS The gut virome of CD patients was distinct from that of healthy controls in a Japanese population. An altered gut virome may be one of the factors associated with the bacterial dysbiosis of CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Imai
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Ryo Inoue
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-0101, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nishida
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Yokota
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan
| | - So Morishima
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-0101, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kawahara
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kusada
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8566, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Tamaki
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8566, Japan
| | - Akira Andoh
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan.
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Kono Y, Inoue R, Teratani T, Tojo M, Kumagai Y, Morishima S, Koinuma K, Lefor AK, Kitayama J, Sata N, Horie H. The Regional Specificity of Mucosa-Associated Microbiota in Patients with Distal Colorectal Cancer. Digestion 2022; 103:141-149. [PMID: 34619680 DOI: 10.1159/000519487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Recent studies have demonstrated that the populations of several microbes are significantly increased in fecal samples from patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), suggesting their involvement in the development of CRC. The aim of this study was to identify microbes which are increased in distal CRCs and to identify the specific location of microbes increased in mucosal tissue around the tumor. METHODS Tissue specimens were collected from surgical resections of 28 distal CRCs. Five samples were collected from each specimen (location A: tumor, B: adjacent normal mucosa, C: normal mucosa 1 cm proximal to the tumor, D: normal mucosa 3 cm proximally, and E: normal mucosa 6 cm proximally). The microbiota in the sample were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and the relative abundance (RA) of microbiota compared among the 5 locations. RESULTS At the genus level, the RA of Fusobacterium and Streptococcus at location A was the highest among the 5 locations, significantly different from that in location E. The dominant species of each genus was Fusobacterium nucleatum and Streptococcus anginosus. The RAs of these species gradually decreased from locations B to E with a statistically significant difference in F. nucleatum. The genus Peptostreptococcus also showed a similar trend, and the RA of Peptostreptococcus stomatis in location A was significantly associated with depth of tumor invasion and tumor size. CONCLUSION Although the clinical relevance is not clear yet, these results suggest that F. nucleatum, S. anginosus, and P. stomatis can spread to the adjacent normal tissues and may change the surrounding microenvironment to support the progression of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiko Kono
- Department of Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Ryo Inoue
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Setsunan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takumi Teratani
- Center for Development of Advanced Technology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Mineyuki Tojo
- Department of Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Yuko Kumagai
- Department of Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - So Morishima
- Department of Agriculture and Life Science, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koji Koinuma
- Department of Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | | | - Joji Kitayama
- Department of Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Naohiro Sata
- Department of Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Hisanaga Horie
- Department of Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan.,Department of Operating Room Management, Jichi Medical University Hospital, Shimotsuke, Japan
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Effects of Partially Hydrolyzed Guar Gum Supplementation on the Fecal Microbiotas of Piglets. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10111420. [PMID: 34832576 PMCID: PMC8619618 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10111420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics and prebiotics have become viable alternatives of growth-promoting antimicrobials in animal production. Here, we tested partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG) as a possible prebiotic for piglets in the commercial farm. Five hundred and ninety-four piglets were used for the experiments, with 293 given a normal pig feed (control), while the rest the feed plus 0.06% (w/w) of PHGG (PHGG). One and three months post-PHGG supplementation, fecal samples were collected from randomly selected 20 piglets in each group and analyzed for microbiota and organic acid concentrations. Notably, the abundance of Streptococcus, and unclassified Ruminococcaceae were lower (p < 0.05) in PHGG than in control, one-month post-supplementation. Lactobacillus and Prevotella were higher (p < 0.05), while Streptococcus was lower (p < 0.05), in PHGG than in control, three months post-supplementation. The concentrations of acetate, propionate, and butyrate were greater in PHGG than in control, three months post-supplementation. Finally, PHGG grew faster and had fewer deaths until slaughter time (p < 0.05), than control. We concluded that PHGG not only was an effective prebiotic to alter gut microbiota of weanling piglets but also can possibly promote body weight accretion and health.
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Ren JN, Yin KJ, Fan G, Li X, Zhao L, Li Z, Zhang LL, Xie DY, Yuan F, Pan SY. Effect of short-term intake of four sweeteners on feed intake, solution consumption and neurotransmitters release on mice. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021; 58:2227-2236. [PMID: 33967319 PMCID: PMC8076381 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04733-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study focused on the effect of short-term intake of sweeteners on feed intake, solution consumption and neurotransmitters release on mice. The results showed that the free drinking of 10 mM sucralose solution, 100 mM maltose solution, 3 mM saccharin solution and 3 g/L stevioside solution for 32 days will not affect the normal development of the body weight and feed intake of the mice. The consumption of maltose solution was significantly higher than that of the other sweeteners. The leptin and insulin levels increased significantly after the short-term intake of these four sweeteners. The dopamine (DA) content in the whole brain of the mice increased significantly only in the maltose group. These results indicate that the short-term intake of the preferred concentrations of maltose, stevioside, sucralose and saccharin will not affect the body weight and feed intake of the mice. Mice prefer maltose solution to other sweeteners solutions. The 100 mM maltose solution and 3 mM saccharin solution could result in the oxidative stress on mice after 32 days' short-term intake. Compared with other sweeteners, only sugars that could be broken down into small molecules of glucose might have a positive effect on dopamine levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Nan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Kai-Jing Yin
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Gang Fan
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Xiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Food and Agriculture Standardization Institute, China National Institute of Standardization, Beijing, 102200 China
| | - Zhi Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Lu-Lu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Ding-Yuan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Si-Yi Pan
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070 China
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Andoh A, Inoue R, Kawada Y, Morishima S, Inatomi O, Ohno M, Bamba S, Nishida A, Kawahara M, Naito Y. Elemental diet induces alterations of the gut microbial community in mice. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2019; 65:118-124. [PMID: 31592206 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.19-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate elemental diet (ED)-induced alteration of the fecal and mucosal microbiome in mice. The control group was fed a normal chow and the ED group was fed normal chow containing 50% w/w Elental® (EA Pharma, Tokyo, Japan) for 28 days. Fecal and mucosal microbiome were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. In the fecal samples, the observed species, an index for microbial richness, was significantly decreased in the ED group. Principal coordinate analysis revealed that there were significant compositional differences between the control and ED groups (PERMANOVA p = 0.0007 for unweighted and p = 0.002 for weighted UniFrac distance, respectively). In contrast, there was no significant difference in the overall structure of mucosal microbiome between the control and ED groups. In the fecal samples, abundance of the genera Adlercreutzia, Akkermansia, Streptococcus, Helicobacter, Coprobacillus and Coprococcus was significantly reduced in the ED group compared to the control group. Abundance of the genera Lactobacillus and Staphylococcus was significantly increased in the ED group. In a functional analysis using PICRUSt software, ED altered various pathways involved in amino acid metabolism of the gut microbiome. In conclusion, ED caused a reduction in bacterial diversity and altered metabolic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Andoh
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa, Otsu 520-2192, Japan
| | - Ryo Inoue
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Department of Agriculture and Life Science, Kyoto Prefectural University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
| | - Yuki Kawada
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Department of Agriculture and Life Science, Kyoto Prefectural University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
| | - So Morishima
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Department of Agriculture and Life Science, Kyoto Prefectural University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
| | - Osamu Inatomi
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa, Otsu 520-2192, Japan
| | - Masashi Ohno
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa, Otsu 520-2192, Japan
| | - Shigeki Bamba
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa, Otsu 520-2192, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nishida
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa, Otsu 520-2192, Japan
| | - Masahiko Kawahara
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa, Otsu 520-2192, Japan
| | - Yuji Naito
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
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Ushiroda C, Naito Y, Takagi T, Uchiyama K, Mizushima K, Higashimura Y, Yasukawa Z, Okubo T, Inoue R, Honda A, Matsuzaki Y, Itoh Y. Green tea polyphenol (epigallocatechin-3-gallate) improves gut dysbiosis and serum bile acids dysregulation in high-fat diet-fed mice. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2019; 65:34-46. [PMID: 31379412 PMCID: PMC6667385 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.18-116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota have profound effects on bile acid metabolism by promoting deconjugation, dehydrogenation, and dehydroxylation of primary bile acids in the distal small intestine and colon. High-fat diet-induced dysbiosis of gut microbiota and bile acid dysregulation may be involved in the pathology of steatosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the most abundant polyphenolic catechin in green tea, has been widely investigated for its inhibitory or preventive effects against fatty liver. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of EGCG on the abundance of gut microbiota and the composition of serum bile acids in high-fat diet-fed mice and determine the specific bacterial genera that can improve the serum bile acid dysregulation associated with EGCG anti-hepatic steatosis action. Male C57BL/6N mice were fed with the control diet, high-fat diet, or high-fat diet + EGCG at a concentration of 0.32% for 8 weeks. EGCG significantly inhibited the increases in weight, the area of fatty lesions, and the triglyceride content in the liver induced by the high-fat diet. Principal coordinate analysis revealed significant differences in microbial structure among the groups. At the genus level, EGCG induced changes in the microbiota composition in high-fat diet-fed mice, showing a significantly higher abundance of Adlercreutzia, Akkermansia, Allobaculum and a significantly lower abundance of Desulfovibrionaceae. EGCG significantly reversed the decreased population of serum primary cholic acid and β-muricholic acid as well as the increased population of taurine-conjugated cholic acid, β-muricholic acid and deoxycholic acid in high-fat diet-fed mice. Finally, the correlation analysis between bile acid profiles and gut microbiota demonstrated the contribution of Akkermansia and Desulfovibrionaceae in the improvement of bile acid dysregulation in high-fat diet-fed mice by treatment with EGCG. In conclusion, the present study suggests that EGCG could alter bile acid metabolism, especially taurine deconjugation, and suppress fatty liver disease by improving the intestinal luminal environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Ushiroda
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yuji Naito
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Takagi
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Uchiyama
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Katsura Mizushima
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yasuki Higashimura
- Department of Food Science, Ishikawa Prefectural University, 1-308 Suematsu, Nonoichi, Ishikawa 921-8836, Japan
| | - Zenta Yasukawa
- Nutrition Division, Taiyo Kagaku Co. Ltd., 1-3 Takaramachi, Yokkaichi, Mie 510-0844, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Okubo
- Nutrition Division, Taiyo Kagaku Co. Ltd., 1-3 Takaramachi, Yokkaichi, Mie 510-0844, Japan
| | - Ryo Inoue
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Department of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, 1-5 Shimogamohangi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
| | - Akira Honda
- Gastroenterology, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, 3-20-1 Ami-machi Chuo, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki 300-0395, Japan
| | - Yasushi Matsuzaki
- Gastroenterology, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, 3-20-1 Ami-machi Chuo, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki 300-0395, Japan
| | - Yoshito Itoh
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
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10
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Imai T, Inoue R, Kawada Y, Morita Y, Inatomi O, Nishida A, Bamba S, Kawahara M, Andoh A. Characterization of fungal dysbiosis in Japanese patients with inflammatory bowel disease. J Gastroenterol 2019; 54:149-159. [PMID: 30478724 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-018-1530-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS There are no previous reports describing the fecal fungal microbiome of a Japanese population using advanced molecular techniques. In this study, we performed a molecular analysis on the fungal microbial community of a healthy Japanese population and patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). PATIENTS AND METHODS Fecal samples were obtained from 18 patients with inactive ulcerative colitis (UC, n = 18), Crohn's disease (CD, n = 20) and healthy volunteers (n = 20). Bacterial and fungal microbiome was analyzed by sequencing of 16S rRNA and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, respectively. RESULTS 16S rRNA sequencing of the bacterial microbiome revealed that the α-diversity indicated by the Chao-1 and Shannon indices was significantly lower in CD patients compared to healthy controls and/or UC patients. Principal coordinate (PCo) analysis of the bacterial community revealed significant structural differences in microbiome among healthy controls, UC and CD patients (PERMANOVA P = 0.0001). ITS sequencing of the fungal microbiome indicated no significant differences in α-diversity between healthy controls and IBD patients. However, the overall structure of the fungal microbial community of CD patients was significantly different from those of healthy controls and UC patients (PERMANOVA = 0.03). At the genus level, the genus Saccharomyces was dominant and this was followed by the genus Sarocladium in healthy controls. The abundance of the genus Candida was significantly higher in CD patients than healthy controls and/or UC patients. CONCLUSION The fecal fungal microbiome of a Japanese population differed considerably from that of a Western population. We identified fungal dysbiosis in Japanese patients with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Imai
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa, Otsu, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Ryo Inoue
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Department of Agriculture and Life Science, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, 606-8522, Japan
| | - Yuki Kawada
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Department of Agriculture and Life Science, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, 606-8522, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Morita
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa, Otsu, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Osamu Inatomi
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa, Otsu, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nishida
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa, Otsu, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Shigeki Bamba
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa, Otsu, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kawahara
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa, Otsu, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Akira Andoh
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa, Otsu, 520-2192, Japan.
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11
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Kawada Y, Naito Y, Andoh A, Ozeki M, Inoue R. Effect of storage and DNA extraction method on 16S rRNA-profiled fecal microbiota in Japanese adults. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2018; 64:106-111. [PMID: 30936622 PMCID: PMC6436037 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.18-84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of two factors, storage and the bacterial DNA extraction method, that potentially affect the 16S rRNA-based profiling of the microbiota in the feces of Japanese adults, were evaluated. Profiles of the microbiota in feces stored in DESS (DMSO-EDTA-salt solution) for 1, 2 and 3 weeks at room temperature, and for 3 weeks at 4°C were compared with those in fresh feces and feces stored in guanidine thiocyanate solution for 3 weeks at 4°C. None of the storage variables (preservation solution, temperature and duration) considerably affected α- and β-diversity of the fecal microbiota and OTU profiles. Regarding the bacterial DNA extraction methods, four were evaluated; A) silica membrane DNA purification combined with bead-beating bacterial disruption, B) magnetic bead DNA purification combined with bead-beating bacterial disruption, C) manual DNA purification using phenol-chloroform and ethanol precipitation combined with enzymatic bacterial lysis, and D) DNA extraction by a commercially available DNA stool kit. While methods A, B, and C did not markedly affect α- and β-diversity of the fecal microbiota and the OTU profiles, method D noticeably altered both α- and β-diversity. In addition, method D caused significant changes in the abundance of two predominant genera; Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kawada
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Department of Agriculture and Life Science, Kyoto Prefectural University, 1-5 Hangi-cho, Shimogamo, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
| | - Yuji Naito
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Akira Andoh
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Ozeki
- Department of Informatics and Mediology, Mukogawa Women's University, 6-46 Ikebiraki-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8558, Japan
| | - Ryo Inoue
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Department of Agriculture and Life Science, Kyoto Prefectural University, 1-5 Hangi-cho, Shimogamo, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
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12
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Higashimura Y, Baba Y, Inoue R, Takagi T, Uchiyama K, Mizushima K, Hirai Y, Ushiroda C, Tanaka Y, Naito Y. Effects of molecular hydrogen-dissolved alkaline electrolyzed water on intestinal environment in mice. Med Gas Res 2018; 8:6-11. [PMID: 29770190 PMCID: PMC5937304 DOI: 10.4103/2045-9912.229597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that molecular hydrogen-dissolved alkaline electrolyzed water (AEW) has various physiological activities such as antioxidative activity. Gut microbiota are deeply associated with our health through a symbiotic relationship. Recent reports have described that most gastrointestinal microbial species encode the genetic capacity to metabolize molecular hydrogen, meaning that molecular hydrogen might affect the gut microbial composition. Nevertheless, AEW effects on gut microbiota remain unknown. This study investigated AEW effects on the intestinal environment in mice, including microbial composition and short-chain fatty acid contents. After mice were administered AEW for 4 weeks, 16S rRNA gene sequencing analyses revealed their fecal microbiota profiles. Organic acid concentrations in cecal contents were measured using an HPLC system. Compared to the control group, AEW administration mice had significantly lower serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level and alanine aminotransferase activity. Organic acid concentrations of propionic, isobutyric, and isovaleric acids were higher in AEW-administered mice. Results of 16S rRNA gene sequencing analyses showed that the relative abundances of 20 taxa differed significantly in AEW-administered mice. Although the definitive role of gut microbes of AEW-administered mice remains unknown, our data demonstrate the possibility that AEW administration affects the gut microbial composition and that it has beneficial health effects in terms of cholesterol metabolism and liver protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuki Higashimura
- Department of Food Science, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Ishikawa, Japan.,Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasunori Baba
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Ryo Inoue
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Department of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Takagi
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Uchiyama
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Katsura Mizushima
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuko Hirai
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Chihiro Ushiroda
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Yuji Naito
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
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13
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Inoue R, Sakaue Y, Sawai C, Sawai T, Ozeki M, Romero-Pérez GA, Tsukahara T. A preliminary investigation on the relationship between gut microbiota and gene expressions in peripheral mononuclear cells of infants with autism spectrum disorders. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2016; 80:2450-2458. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2016.1222267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Fecal and blood samples of infants with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and healthy infants were analyzed to investigate the association of altered gut microbiota and ASD development. 16S rRNA gene-based sequencing found that, unlike those of healthy infants, feces of ASD infants had significantly higher and lower abundance of genera Faecalibacterium and Blautia, respectively. Moreover, DNA microarray analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) detected more highly than low expressed genes in ASD infants than in healthy infants. Gene Ontology analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes between ASD and healthy infants were involved in interferon (IFN)-γ and type-I IFN signaling pathways. Finally, strong positive correlations between expression of IFN signaling-associated genes in PBMC and fecal abundance of Faecalibacterium were found. Our results strongly suggested that altered gut microbiota in infants resulted from ASD development and was associated with systemic immunity dysregulation, especially chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Inoue
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Department of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuko Sakaue
- Department of Pediatrics, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Chihiro Sawai
- Department of Pediatrics, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Sawai
- Department of Pediatrics, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Ozeki
- Department of Informatics and Mediology, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | | | - Takamitsu Tsukahara
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Department of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
- Kyoto Institute of Nutrition and Pathology, Kyoto, Japan
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14
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Stefanson A, Hopkins LE, AlZahal O, Ritchie IR, MacDonald T, Wright DC, McBride BW, Dyck DJ. Feeding butter with elevated content of trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid to lean rats does not impair glucose tolerance or muscle insulin response. Lipids Health Dis 2014; 13:101. [PMID: 24956949 PMCID: PMC4083370 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-13-101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Numerous studies have investigated the effects of isolated CLA supplementation on glucose homeostasis in humans and rodents. However, both the amount and relative abundance of CLA isomers in supplemental form are not representative of what is consumed from natural sources. No study to date has examined the effects of altered CLA isomer content within a natural food source. Our goal was to increase the content of the insulin desensitizing CLAt10,c12 isomer relative to the CLAc9,t11 isomer in cow’s milk by inducing subacute rumenal acidosis (SARA), and subsequently investigate the effects of this milk fat on parameters related to glucose and insulin tolerance in rats. Methods We fed female rats (~2.5 to 3 months of age) CLA t10,c12 –enriched (SARA) butter or non-SARA butter based diets for 4 weeks in either low (10% of kcal from fat; 0.18% total CLA by weight) or high (60% of kcal from fat; 0.55% total CLA by weight) amounts. In an effort to extend these findings, we then fed rats high (60% kcal) amounts of SARA or non-SARA butter for a longer duration (8 weeks) and assessed changes in whole body glucose, insulin and pyruvate tolerance in comparison to low fat and 60% lard conditions. Results There was a main effect for increased fasting blood glucose and insulin in SARA vs. non-SARA butter groups after 4 weeks of feeding (p < 0.05). However, blood glucose and insulin concentration, and maximal insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle were similar in all groups. Following 8 weeks of feeding, insulin tolerance was impaired by the SARA butter, but not glucose or pyruvate tolerance. The non-SARA butter did not impair tolerance to glucose, insulin or pyruvate. Conclusions This study suggests that increasing the consumption of a naturally enriched CLAt10,c12 source, at least in rats, has minimal impact on whole body glucose tolerance or muscle specific insulin response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - David J Dyck
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G2W1, Canada.
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Long-term oral feeding of lutein-fortified milk increases voluntary running distance in rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93529. [PMID: 24699440 PMCID: PMC3974750 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the effects of lutein-fortified milk administration on running exercise, a voluntary wheel-running model was performed in rats. Four-week-old F344 rats were administered test milk (10 mL/kg) daily following a 4-h fasting period, and their running distances were measured each day for a 9-week period. Total weekly running distance significantly increased from the sixth week until the end of the test period in lutein-supplemented rats (lutein-fortified milk administered) compared with control rats (vehicle administered). This increase was not apparent in rats administered lutein alone. In the lutein-fortified-milk exercise group compared with the sedentary control group, carnitine palitroyltransferase 1 (CPT-1), total AMP-activated protein kinase (tAMPK), and phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (pAMPK) contents were significantly increased in the gastrocnemius muscle, with a concomitant decrease in triglyceride and total cholesterol levels in the blood and liver. Furthermore, the lutein level in blood of lutein-administered rats significantly decreased with exercise. These results suggest that lutein-fortified milk may enhance the effect of exercise by effective utilization of lipids when combined with voluntary running.
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