1
|
Peng D, Liang XF, Chai F, Feng H, Li J, Tang S, Lu K, Zhang Q. Effects of dietary carbohydrate to lipid ratios on growth, biochemical indicators, lipid metabolism, and appetite in Chinese perch (Siniperca chuatsi). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2022; 48:101-116. [PMID: 34997383 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-021-01043-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary carbohydrate to lipid (CHO:L) ratios on growth performance, body composition, serum biochemical indexes, lipid metabolism, and gene expression of central appetite regulating factors in Chinese perch (Siniperca chuatsi) (mean initial weight: 12.86 ± 0.10 g). Five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets (fish meal, casein as main protein sources) were formulated to contain different graded CHO:L ratio diets ranging from 0.12, 0.86, 1.71, 3.29, and 7.19. Each diet was assigned to triplicate groups of 18 experimental fish. Our results revealed that final body weight (FBW), weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), and protein efficiency ratio (PER) increased with dietary CHO:L ratio from 0.12 to 1.71 and then decreased with further increases in dietary CHO:L ratio. A two-slope broken-line regression analysis based on WGR showed that the optimal dietary CHO:L level for maximum growth performance of fish was 1.60. Crude lipid and crude protein content in the liver and glycogen concentration in the muscle and liver were significantly influenced by the dietary CHO:L ratios (P < 0.05). The lowest crude lipid content in the liver was observed in fish fed the diet with a CHO:L ratio of 1.71(P < 0.05). Dietary CHO:L ratios significantly induced the glucose concentration of serum (P < 0.05). The relative expression levels of genes involved in lipid metabolism, such as srebp1 and fas in the liver, showed a trend of first decreased and then increased with the increase of dietary CHO:L ratio levels. Appropriate CHO:L ratio in the diet can effectively reduce the accumulation of liver fat. We observed in fish fed the 1.71 CHO:L ratio diet showed higher feed intake, up-regulated mRNA expression of neuropeptide Y (npy) and agouti gene-related protein (agrp), and down-regulated mRNA expression of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (cart) and pro-opiomelanocorticoid (pomc) significantly as compared to control group. Thus, these results provide the theoretical basis for feed formulation to determine the appropriate CHO:L ratio requirement of Chinese perch.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Peng
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xu-Fang Liang
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Farui Chai
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hexiong Feng
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jiao Li
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shulin Tang
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ke Lu
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qiwei Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Wuhan, 430070, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Post-Prandial Amino Acid Changes in Gilthead Sea Bream. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11071889. [PMID: 34201988 PMCID: PMC8300103 DOI: 10.3390/ani11071889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Following a meal, a series of physiological changes occurs in fish as they digest, absorb and assimilate ingested nutrients. This study aims to assess post-prandial free amino acid (FAA) activity in gilthead sea bream consuming a partial marine protein (fishmeal) replacement. Sea bream were fed diets where 16 and 27% of the fishmeal protein was replaced by plant protein. The essential amino acid (EAA) composition of the white muscle, liver and gut of sea bream was strongly correlated with the EAA composition of the 16% protein replacement diet compared to the 27% protein replacement diet. The mean FAA concentration in the white muscle and liver changed at 4 to 8 h after a meal and was not different to pre-feeding (0 h) and at 24 h after feeding. It was confirmed in this study that 16% replacement of marine protein with plant protein meets the amino acid needs of sea bream. Overall, the present study contributes towards understanding post-prandial amino acid profiles during uptake, tissue assimilation and immediate metabolic processing of amino acids in sea bream consuming a partial marine protein replacement. This study suggests the need to further investigate the magnitude of the post-prandial tissue-specific amino acid activity in relation to species-specific abilities to regulate metabolism due to dietary nutrient utilization.
Collapse
|
3
|
Castro-Ruiz D, Andree KB, Solovyev MM, Fernández-Méndez C, García-Dávila C, Cahu C, Gisbert E, Darias MJ. The Digestive Function of Pseudoplatystoma punctifer Early Juveniles Is Differentially Modulated by Dietary Protein, Lipid and Carbohydrate Content and Their Ratios. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:369. [PMID: 33540612 PMCID: PMC7912950 DOI: 10.3390/ani11020369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudoplatystoma punctifer is an Amazonian catfish highly appreciated for its high flesh quality, size, and commercial value. Its aquaculture is pursued to satisfy the demands of an increasing population in the region. However, knowledge of the nutritional needs during the early life stages is necessary for improving growth and reducing the incidence of cannibalism, factors that limit the success of its commercial farming. This study aimed at evaluating the influence of four diets containing different protein and lipid levels (30:15, 30:10, 45:15, or 45:10 in %) in the digestive physiology and performance of early juveniles. The results showed that the dietary protein:lipid as well as carbohydrate levels and ratios influenced differently the whole-body proximate composition, the digestive physiology and development, and hence growth and survival. The 45:15 diet promoted the best growth, survival, and the most rapid development of the digestive system, as shown at histological (higher number of hepatocytes, goblet cells in the anterior intestine and enterocytes in all intestinal portions, and longer folds in the posterior intestine), molecular (highest amylase, lipoprotein lipase, phospholipase, trypsinogen, and pepsinogen gene expression), and biochemical (highest lipase and pepsin activities and higher alkaline phosphatase:leucine alanine peptidase activity ratio) levels. Lipids were favored over carbohydrates as source of energy, with lipids promoting a protein-sparing effect at adequate energy:protein ratio. Carbohydrate content higher than 25% was excessive for this species, leading to unbalanced lipid metabolism and fat deposition in the liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Castro-Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Biología y Genética Molecular (LBGM), Dirección de Investigación en Ecosistemas Acuáticos Amazónicos (AQUAREC), Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP), Carretera Iquitos-Nauta km 4.5, Iquitos, Peru;
| | - Karl B. Andree
- Aquaculture Program, Centre de Sant Carles de la Ràpita (IRTA-SCR), Institut de Recerca i Tecnologìa Agroalimentaries (IRTA), Crta. Poble Nou km 5.5, 43540 Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain; (K.B.A.); (E.G.)
| | - Mikhail M. Solovyev
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 11 Frunze St., 630091 Novosibirsk, Russia;
- Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin Ave., 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Christian Fernández-Méndez
- Laboratorio de Bromatología, Dirección de Investigación en Ecosistemas Acuáticos Amazónicos (AQUAREC), Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP), Carretera Iquitos-Nauta km. 4.5, Iquitos, Peru;
| | - Carmen García-Dávila
- Laboratorio de Biología y Genética Molecular (LBGM), Dirección de Investigación en Ecosistemas Acuáticos Amazónicos (AQUAREC), Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP), Carretera Iquitos-Nauta km 4.5, Iquitos, Peru;
| | - Chantal Cahu
- LEMAR, Univ Bretagne, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, 29280 Plouzané, France;
| | - Enric Gisbert
- Aquaculture Program, Centre de Sant Carles de la Ràpita (IRTA-SCR), Institut de Recerca i Tecnologìa Agroalimentaries (IRTA), Crta. Poble Nou km 5.5, 43540 Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain; (K.B.A.); (E.G.)
| | - Maria J. Darias
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ginger oil, Zingiber officinale, improve palatability, growth and nutrient utilisation efficiency in Nile tilapia fed with excess of starch. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
5
|
Kumkhong S, Marandel L, Plagnes-Juan E, Veron V, Boonanuntanasarn S, Panserat S. Glucose Injection Into Yolk Positively Modulates Intermediary Metabolism and Growth Performance in Juvenile Nile Tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus). Front Physiol 2020; 11:286. [PMID: 32362832 PMCID: PMC7181793 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore for the first time in omnivorous fish the concept of nutritional programming. A nutritional stimulus was accomplished by microinjecting 2 M glucose into yolk reserves during the alevin stage in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). At the molecular level in fry, at 1 week post-injection, glucose stimuli were associated with the up-regulation of genes involved in glycolysis (pklr, hk1, hk2, and pkma), glucose transport (glut4) pathways and down-regulation of genes related to gluconeogenesis (g6pca1, g6pca2, and pck1) and amino acid catabolism (asat, alat) (P < 0.05), demonstrating that the larvae well received the glucose stimulus at a molecular level. Moreover, 20 weeks after glucose injection, early glucose stimuli were always linked to permanent effects in juvenile fish, as reflected by a higher level of glycolytic enzymes [gck, hk1 and hk2 at both mRNA and enzymatic levels and pyruvate kinase (PK) activity]. Finally, the effects of the glucose stimulus history were also examined in fish fed with two different dietary carbohydrate/protein levels (medium-carbohydrate diet, CHO-M; high-carbohydrate diet, CHO-H) in juvenile fish (during weeks 20-24). As expected, the CHO-H diet induced the expression of glycolytic and lipogenic genes (gck, pklr, hk1, hk2, fpkma, fasn, and g6pd) and suppressed the expression of gluconeogenic and amino acid catabolism genes (g6pca1, pck1, pck2, asat, alat, and gdh). Nevertheless, the early glucose stimulus led to persistent up-regulation of glycolytic enzymes (gck, pklr, hk1, and hk2) at both the mRNA and enzyme activity levels and glucose transporter glut4 as well as lower gluconeogenic pck1 gene expression (P < 0.05). More interestingly, the early glucose stimulus was associated with a better growth performance of juvenile fish irrespective of the diets. These permanent changes were associated with DNA hypomethylation in the liver and muscles, suggesting the existence of epigenetic mechanisms at the origin of programming. In conclusion, for the first time in tilapia, early glucose stimuli were found to be clearly associated with a positive metabolic programming effect later in life, improving the growth performance of the fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suksan Kumkhong
- School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Lucie Marandel
- INRAE, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, Nouméa, France
| | | | - Vincent Veron
- INRAE, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, Nouméa, France
| | - Surintorn Boonanuntanasarn
- School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Stephane Panserat
- INRAE, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, Nouméa, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhao W, Qin C, Yang G, Yan X, Meng X, Yang L, Lu R, Deng D, Niu M, Nie G. Expression of glut2 in response to glucose load, insulin and glucagon in grass carp (Ctenophcuyngodon idellus). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 239:110351. [PMID: 31518684 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2019.110351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Generally, fish are thought to have a limited ability to utilize carbohydrate. Postprandial blood glucose is cleared sluggishly in fish, resulting in prolonged hyperglycemia. Facilitative glucose transporters (GLUTs) play an important role in glucose utilization. In the present study, the expression levels of glut2 in different tissues were detected in grass carp. Furthermore, the effects of oral glucose administration on glut2 mRNA expression in the liver, intestine and kidney were investigated, and we also evaluated the response of glut2 mRNA to insulin and glucagon in the primary hepatocytes of grass carp. The expression level of glut2 mRNA was highest in the liver, followed by the intestine and kidney, but lower in other tissues. The result of glucose tolerance test (GTT) showed that serum glucose reached the highest level at 3 h after GTT and recovered to the basic level at 6 h. The glut2 mRNA in the intestine was up-regulated at 1 h after GTT. However, the glut2 mRNA expression in the liver of grass carp was unchanged after GTT for 1, 3, 6 h, and even decreased at 12 h after GTT. In addition, the expression of glut2 mRNA in the primary hepatocytes was enhanced by insulin and glucagon at 3 h post treatment. These results suggested that glut2 expression in the liver of grass carp was sensitive to insulin and glucagon, but not blood glucose. The up-regulation of glut2 by these hormones might be involved in the bi-directional transportation of glucose in the liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Zhao
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, No. 46 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Chaobin Qin
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, No. 46 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang 453007, PR China.
| | - Guokun Yang
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, No. 46 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Xiao Yan
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, No. 46 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Xiaolin Meng
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, No. 46 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Liping Yang
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, No. 46 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Ronghua Lu
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, No. 46 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Dapeng Deng
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, No. 46 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Mingming Niu
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, No. 46 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Guoxing Nie
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, No. 46 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang 453007, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Alami-Durante H, Cluzeaud M, Bazin D, Schrama JW, Saravanan S, Geurden I. Muscle growth mechanisms in response to isoenergetic changes in dietary non-protein energy source at low and high protein levels in juvenile rainbow trout. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2019; 230:91-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
8
|
Soengas JL, Cerdá-Reverter JM, Delgado MJ. Central regulation of food intake in fish: an evolutionary perspective. J Mol Endocrinol 2018; 60:R171-R199. [PMID: 29467140 DOI: 10.1530/jme-17-0320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Evidence indicates that central regulation of food intake is well conserved along the vertebrate lineage, at least between teleost fish and mammals. However, several differences arise in the comparison between both groups. In this review, we describe similarities and differences between teleost fish and mammals on an evolutionary perspective. We focussed on the existing knowledge of specific fish features conditioning food intake, anatomical homologies and analogies between both groups as well as the main signalling pathways of neuroendocrine and metabolic nature involved in the homeostatic and hedonic central regulation of food intake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Soengas
- Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da SaúdeLaboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - José Miguel Cerdá-Reverter
- Departamento de Fisiología de Peces y BiotecnologíaInstituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Castellón, Spain
| | - María Jesús Delgado
- Departamento de Fisiología (Fisiología Animal II)Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Velasco C, Comesaña S, Conde-Sieira M, Míguez JM, Soengas JL. The short-term presence of oleate or octanoate alters the phosphorylation status of Akt, AMPK, mTOR, CREB, and FoxO1 in liver of rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 219-220:17-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
10
|
Energy efficiency of digestible protein, fat and carbohydrate utilisation for growth in rainbow trout and Nile tilapia. Br J Nutr 2018; 119:782-791. [PMID: 29569541 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114518000259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Currently, energy evaluation of fish feeds is performed on a digestible energy basis. In contrast to net energy (NE) evaluation systems, digestible energy evaluation systems do not differentiate between the different types of digested nutrients regarding their potential for growth. The aim was to develop an NE evaluation for fish by estimating the energy efficiency of digestible nutrients (protein, fat and carbohydrates) and to assess whether these efficiencies differed between Nile tilapia and rainbow trout. Two data sets were constructed. The tilapia and rainbow data set contained, respectively, eight and nine experiments in which the digestibility of protein, fat and energy and the complete energy balances for twenty-three and forty-five diets was measured. The digestible protein (dCP), digestible fat (dFat) and digestible carbohydrate intakes (dCarb) were calculated. By multiple regression analysis, retained energy (RE) was related to dCP, dFat and dCarb. In tilapia, all digestible nutrients were linearly related to RE (P<0·001). In trout, RE was quadratically related to dCarb (P<0·01) and linearly to dCP and dFat (P<0·001). The NE formula was NE=11·5×dCP+35·8×dFAT+11·3×dCarb for tilapia and NE=13·5×dCP+33·0×dFAT+34·0×dCarb-3·64×(dCarb)2 for trout (NE in kJ/(kg0·8×d); dCP, dFat and dCarb in g/(kg0·8×d)). In tilapia, the energetic efficiency of dCP, dFat and dCarb was 49, 91 and 66 %, respectively, showing large similarity with pigs. Tilapia and trout had similar energy efficiencies of dCP (49 v. 57 %) and dFat (91 v. 84 %), but differed regarding dCarb.
Collapse
|
11
|
Delgado MJ, Cerdá-Reverter JM, Soengas JL. Hypothalamic Integration of Metabolic, Endocrine, and Circadian Signals in Fish: Involvement in the Control of Food Intake. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:354. [PMID: 28694769 PMCID: PMC5483453 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of food intake in fish is a complex process carried out through several different mechanisms in the central nervous system (CNS) with hypothalamus being the main regulatory center. As in mammals, a complex hypothalamic circuit including two populations of neurons: one co-expressing neuropeptide Y (NPY) and Agouti-related peptide (AgRP) and the second one population co-expressing pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) and cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) is involved in the integration of information relating to food intake control. The production and release of these peptides control food intake, and the production results from the integration of information of different nature such as levels of nutrients and hormones as well as circadian signals. The present review summarizes the knowledge and recent findings about the presence and functioning of these mechanisms in fish and their differences vs. the known mammalian model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María J. Delgado
- Departamento de Fisiología (Fisiología Animal II), Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de MadridMadrid, Spain
| | - José M. Cerdá-Reverter
- Departamento de Fisiología de Peces y Biotecnología, Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasCastellón, Spain
| | - José L. Soengas
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de VigoVigo, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Conde-Sieira M, Soengas JL. Nutrient Sensing Systems in Fish: Impact on Food Intake Regulation and Energy Homeostasis. Front Neurosci 2017; 10:603. [PMID: 28111540 PMCID: PMC5216673 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence obtained in recent years in a few species, especially rainbow trout, supports the presence in fish of nutrient sensing mechanisms. Glucosensing capacity is present in central (hypothalamus and hindbrain) and peripheral [liver, Brockmann bodies (BB, main accumulation of pancreatic endocrine cells in several fish species), and intestine] locations whereas fatty acid sensors seem to be present in hypothalamus, liver and BB. Glucose and fatty acid sensing capacities relate to food intake regulation and metabolism in fish. Hypothalamus is as a signaling integratory center in a way that detection of increased levels of nutrients result in food intake inhibition through changes in the expression of anorexigenic and orexigenic neuropeptides. Moreover, central nutrient sensing modulates functions in the periphery since they elicit changes in hepatic metabolism as well as in hormone secretion to counter-regulate changes in nutrient levels detected in the CNS. At peripheral level, the direct nutrient detection in liver has a crucial role in homeostatic control of glucose and fatty acid whereas in BB and intestine nutrient sensing is probably involved in regulation of hormone secretion from endocrine cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Conde-Sieira
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo Vigo, Spain
| | - José L Soengas
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo Vigo, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Dijkstra PD, Pierotti ME, Seehausen O, Metcalfe NB. Metabolism, oxidative stress and territorial behaviour in a female colour polymorphic cichlid fish. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-015-2028-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
14
|
Dietary carbohydrate and lipid source affect cholesterol metabolism of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles. Br J Nutr 2015; 114:1143-56. [PMID: 26306559 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114515002731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Plant feedstuffs (PF) are rich in carbohydrates, which may interact with lipid metabolism. Thus, when considering dietary replacement of fishery by-products with PF, knowledge is needed on how dietary lipid source (LS) and carbohydrates affect lipid metabolism and other metabolic pathways. For that purpose, a 73-d growth trial was performed with European sea bass juveniles (IBW 74 g) fed four diets differing in LS (fish oil (FO) or a blend of vegetable oils (VO)) and carbohydrate content (0 % (CH-) or 20 % (CH+) gelatinised starch). At the end of the trial no differences among diets were observed on growth and feed utilisation. Protein efficiency ratio was, however, higher in the CH+ groups. Muscle and liver fatty acid profiles reflected the dietary LS. Dietary carbohydrate promoted higher plasma cholesterol and phospholipids (PL), whole-body and hepatic (mainly 16 : 0) lipids and increased muscular and hepatic glycogen. Except for PL, which were higher in the FO groups, no major alterations between FO and VO groups were observed on plasma metabolites (glucose, TAG, cholesterol, PL), liver and muscle glycogen, and lipid and cholesterol contents. Activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and malic enzyme - lipogenesis-related enzymes - increased with carbohydrate intake. Hepatic expression of genes involved in cholesterol metabolism was up-regulated with carbohydrate (HMGCR and CYP3A27) and VO (HMGCR and CYP51A1) intake. No dietary regulation of long-chain PUFA biosynthesis at the transcriptional level was observed. Overall, very few interactions between dietary carbohydrates and LS were observed. However, important insights on the direct relation between dietary carbohydrate and the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway in European sea bass were demonstrated.
Collapse
|
15
|
Geurden I, Mennigen J, Plagnes-Juan E, Veron V, Cerezo T, Mazurais D, Zambonino-Infante J, Gatesoupe J, Skiba-Cassy S, Panserat S. High or low dietary carbohydrate:protein ratios during first-feeding affect glucose metabolism and intestinal microbiota in juvenile rainbow trout. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 217:3396-406. [PMID: 25274323 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.106062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Based on the concept of nutritional programming in mammals, we tested whether an acute hyperglucidic-hypoproteic stimulus during first feeding could induce long-term changes in nutrient metabolism in rainbow trout. Trout alevins received during the five first days of exogenous feeding either a hyperglucidic (40% gelatinized starch + 20% glucose) and hypoproteic (20%) diet (VLP diet) or a high-protein (60%) glucose-free diet (HP diet, control). Following a common 105-day period on a commercial diet, both groups were then challenged (65 days) with a carbohydrate-rich diet (28%). Short- and long-term effects of the early stimuli were evaluated in terms of metabolic marker gene expressions and intestinal microbiota as initial gut colonisation is essential for regulating the development of the digestive system. In whole alevins (short term), diet VLP relative to HP rapidly increased gene expressions of glycolytic enzymes, while those involved in gluconeogenesis and amino acid catabolism decreased. However, none of these genes showed persistent molecular adaptation in the liver of challenged juveniles (long term). By contrast, muscle of challenged juveniles subjected previously to the VLP stimulus displayed downregulated expression of markers of glycolysis and glucose transport (not seen in the short term). These fish also had higher plasma glucose (9 h postprandial), suggesting impaired glucose homeostasis induced by the early stimulus. The early stimulus did not modify the expression of the analysed metabolism-related microRNAs, but had short- and long-term effects on intestinal fungi (not bacteria) profiles. In summary, our data show that a short hyperglucidic-hypoproteic stimulus during early life may have a long-term influence on muscle glucose metabolism and intestinal microbiota in trout.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Geurden
- INRA, UR1067 Nutrition Metabolism and Aquaculture, F-64310 Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - J Mennigen
- INRA, UR1067 Nutrition Metabolism and Aquaculture, F-64310 Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - E Plagnes-Juan
- INRA, UR1067 Nutrition Metabolism and Aquaculture, F-64310 Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - V Veron
- INRA, UR1067 Nutrition Metabolism and Aquaculture, F-64310 Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - T Cerezo
- INRA, UR1067 Nutrition Metabolism and Aquaculture, F-64310 Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - D Mazurais
- IFREMER, Laboratoire d'Adaptation, Reproduction et Nutrition des Poissons (ARN), UMR 6539 LEMAR (Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin), Technopôle Brest-Iroise, BP 10070, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - J Zambonino-Infante
- IFREMER, Laboratoire d'Adaptation, Reproduction et Nutrition des Poissons (ARN), UMR 6539 LEMAR (Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin), Technopôle Brest-Iroise, BP 10070, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - J Gatesoupe
- INRA, UR1067 Nutrition Metabolism and Aquaculture, F-64310 Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France IFREMER, Laboratoire d'Adaptation, Reproduction et Nutrition des Poissons (ARN), UMR 6539 LEMAR (Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin), Technopôle Brest-Iroise, BP 10070, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - S Skiba-Cassy
- INRA, UR1067 Nutrition Metabolism and Aquaculture, F-64310 Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - S Panserat
- INRA, UR1067 Nutrition Metabolism and Aquaculture, F-64310 Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Soengas JL. Contribution of glucose- and fatty acid sensing systems to the regulation of food intake in fish. A review. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2014; 205:36-48. [PMID: 24530522 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Food intake in fish is a complex process regulated through many different factors including abundance of energy and nutrients. In recent years, evidence have been obtained in several fishes, mainly in rainbow trout, regarding the presence and functioning in brain areas of metabolic sensors informing about changes in the levels of nutrients like glucose and fatty acids. The activity of these sensors relate to the control of food intake through changes in the expression of anorexigenic and orexigenic neuropeptides. The present review will provide a picture of the main results obtained to date in these studies, as well as perspectives for future research in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José L Soengas
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Saravanan S, Geurden I, Figueiredo-Silva AC, Kaushik S, Verreth J, Schrama JW. Voluntary feed intake in rainbow trout is regulated by diet-induced differences in oxygen use. J Nutr 2013; 143:781-7. [PMID: 23616505 DOI: 10.3945/jn.112.173062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the hypothesis that the voluntary feed intake in fish is regulated by diet-induced differences in oxygen use. Four diets were prepared with a similar digestible protein:digestible energy ratio (18 mg/kJ), but which differed in the composition of nonprotein energy source. This replacement of fat (F) by starch (S) was intended to create a diet-induced difference in oxygen use (per unit of feed): diets F30-S70, F50-S50, F65-S35, and F80-S20 with digestible fat providing 28, 49, 65, and 81% of the nonprotein digestible energy (NPDE), respectively. Each diet was fed to satiation to triplicate groups of 20 rainbow trout for 6 wk. As expected, diet-induced oxygen use decreased linearly (R(2) = 0.89; P < 0.001) with increasing NPDE as fat. The digestible and metabolizable energy intakes of trout slightly increased with increasing NPDE as fat (i.e., decreasing starch content) (R(2) = 0.30, P = 0.08; and R(2) = 0.34, P = 0.05, respectively). Oxygen consumption of trout fed to satiation declined with increasing dietary NPDE as fat (R(2) = 0.48; P = 0.01). The inverse relation between digestible energy intake of trout and the diet-induced oxygen use (R(2) = 0.33; P = 0.05) suggests a possible role of diet-induced oxygen use in feed intake regulation as shown by the replacement of dietary fat by starch.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subramanian Saravanan
- Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen Institute of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Librán-Pérez M, López-Patiño MA, Míguez JM, Soengas JL. In vitro response of putative fatty acid-sensing systems in rainbow trout liver to increased levels of oleate or octanoate. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2013; 165:288-94. [PMID: 23542747 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2013.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In a previous study we provided evidence for the presence in liver of rainbow trout of fatty acid (FA) sensing systems responding to changes in levels of oleate (long-chain FA) or octanoate (medium-chain FA). Since those effects could be attributed to an indirect effect, we have evaluated in the present study in vitro (in the absence of extrahepatic regulatory mechanisms) whether or not liver responds to changes in FA concentration in a way similar to that previously observed in vivo. Accordingly, liver slices were exposed to increased oleate or octanoate concentrations to evaluate changes in parameters related to FA metabolism, FA transport, nuclear receptors and transcription factors, ROS effectors, and glucose metabolism. The responses observed in vitro in liver were in general not coincident with those previously observed in vivo allowing us to suggest that FA sensing capacity of liver in vivo is of indirect nature and could be related among other reasons to an interaction with other endocrine systems and/or to FA sensing in hypothalamus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Librán-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, E-36310 Vigo, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Response of hepatic lipid and glucose metabolism to a mixture or single fatty acids: Possible presence of fatty acid-sensing mechanisms. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2012; 164:241-8. [PMID: 23010243 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2012.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Revised: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
To assess the hypothesis that an acute dietary fatty acid (FA) supply may improve glucose tolerance in rainbow trout, we orally administered fish with fish oil (FO; 10mL.kg(-1), one time), which were then subjected to a glucose tolerance test and sampled 6h after injection. Parameters related to glucose and lipid metabolism were then assessed. The results suggest that when both nutrients were administered at the same time, an increased potential for lipogenesis occurred concomitantly with a lower level of glycaemia. In a second experiment we administered intraperitoneally a single FA present in the FO mixture such as oleic acid (60 or 300μg.kg(-1)) whereas octanoic acid (60 or 300μg.kg(-1)) was used as negative control (absent from the FO). However, the effects of both FA were similar in reducing the potential of lipid synthesis and oxidation, and in enhancing the potential of glucose synthesis and glycogenesis. Differences found between FO and single FA administration show that response to FA was dependent on the treatment (mixture vs. single FA) but also comply with the idea that an interaction between FA and glucose rather than FA alone are in the origin of the results reported. The administration of individual FA such as oleic and octanoic acid failed in enhancing lipogenesis and reducing plasma glucose levels and thus in explaining results obtained with FO. However, results provide evidence that FA even provided at a low dose play a key role in the regulation of several putative components of a FA sensing system present in rainbow trout liver.
Collapse
|