1
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Perinatal Outcome and Long-Term Gastrointestinal Morbidity of Offspring of Women with Celiac Disease. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8111924. [PMID: 31717472 PMCID: PMC6912641 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8111924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate perinatal outcome and long-term offspring gastrointestinal morbidity of women with celiac disease. Perinatal outcomes, as well as long-term gastrointestinal morbidity of offspring of mothers with and without celiac disease were assessed. The study groups were followed until 18 years of age for gastrointestinal-related morbidity. For perinatal outcomes, generalized estimation equation (GEE) models were used. A Kaplan–Meier survival curve was used to compare cumulative incidence of long-term gastrointestinal morbidity, and Cox proportional hazards models were constructed to control for confounders. During the study period, 243,682 deliveries met the inclusion criteria, of which 212 (0.08%) were to mothers with celiac disease. Using GEE models, maternal celiac disease was noted as an independent risk factor for low birth weight and cesarean delivery. Offspring born to mothers with celiac disease had higher rates of gastrointestinal related morbidity (Kaplan–Meier log rank test p < 0.001). Using a Cox proportional hazards model, being born to a mother with celiac disease was found to be an independent risk factor for long-term gastrointestinal morbidity of the offspring. Pregnancy of women with celiac disease is independently associated with adverse perinatal outcome as well as higher risk for long-term gastrointestinal morbidity of offspring.
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2
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Robison A, Snyder DT, Christensen K, Kimmel E, Hajjar AM, Jutila MA, Hedges JF. Expression of human TLR4/myeloid differentiation factor 2 directs an early innate immune response associated with modest increases in bacterial burden during Coxiella burnetii infection. Innate Immun 2019; 25:401-411. [PMID: 31180798 PMCID: PMC6900644 DOI: 10.1177/1753425919855420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Human TLR4 (hTLR4) and mouse TLR4 molecules respond differently to hypo-acylated LPS. The LPS of Coxiella burnetii is hypo-acylated and heavily glycosylated and causes a minimal response by human cells. Thus, we hypothesized that mice expressing hTLR4 molecules would be more susceptible to C. burnetii infection. Our results show that transgenic mice expressing hTLR4 and the human myeloid differentiation factor 2 (MD-2) adaptor protein (hTLR4/MD-2) respond similarly to wild type mice with respect to overall disease course. However, differences in bacterial burdens in tissues were noted, and lung pathology was increased in hTLR4/MD2 compared to wild type mice. Surprisingly, bone marrow chimera experiments indicated that hTLR4/MD-2 expression on non-hematopoietic cells, rather than the target cells for C. burnetii infection, accounted for increased bacterial burden. Early during infection, cytokines involved in myeloid cell recruitment were detected in the plasma of hTLR4/MD2 mice but not wild type mice. This restricted cytokine response was accompanied by neutrophil recruitment to the lung in hTLR4/MD2 mice. These data suggest that hTLR4/MD-2 alters early responses during C. burnetii infection. These early responses are precursors to later increased bacterial burdens and exacerbated pathology in the lung. Our data suggest an unexpected role for hTLR4/MD-2 in non-hematopoietic cells during C. burnetii infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Robison
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, USA
| | - Deann T Snyder
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, USA
| | - Kelly Christensen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, USA
| | - Emily Kimmel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, USA
| | - Adeline M Hajjar
- Department of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, USA
| | - Mark A Jutila
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, USA
| | - Jodi F Hedges
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, USA
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3
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Chao C, Akileswaran L, Cooke Bailey JN, Willcox M, Van Gelder R, Lakkis C, Stapleton F, Richdale K. Potential Role of Ocular Microbiome, Host Genotype, Tear Cytokines, and Environmental Factors in Corneal Infiltrative Events in Contact Lens Wearers. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 59:5752-5761. [PMID: 30516819 PMCID: PMC6281277 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-24845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to explore differences in genotype, ocular surface microbiome, tear inflammatory markers, and environmental and behavioral exposures in soft contact lens (SCL) wearers with and without a history of corneal infiltrative events (CIEs). Methods Nine SCL wearers with a recent CIE and nine age-, sex-, and SCL material- and modality-matched controls were enrolled. The Contact Lens Risk Survey, slit-lamp examination data, basal tears, conjunctival microbial cultures, and peripheral blood samples were collected. Tear inflammatory mediator concentrations, genomic DNA from swabs, and whole exome sequencing of blood samples were quantified. Results There were no marked differences in SCL wear behaviors or exposures between case and control subjects. Predominant organisms detected among case and control subjects were Staphylococcus, Propionibacterium, Streptococcus, and Corynebacterium. Marginally higher levels of Neisseria were found in three of nine cases but zero of nine control samples (P = 0.056). A potentially deleterious missense single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variant in IL-6 Signal Transducer (IL6ST) was found in seven of eight cases and zero of nine controls (rs2228046; P = 0.03). The concentration of tear IL-6 was significantly higher in cases (4.5 [range, 2.1 to 6.2] pg/mL) versus controls (3.5 [range, 2.5 to 6.6] Pg/mL; = 0.02). Conclusions Tear IL-6 concentration was higher, and SNP variants were detected in subjects with a history of CIEs compared with healthy controls. The synthesis, signaling, and ocular surface cytokine concentration of IL-6 may be related to susceptibility to CIE. A larger study population is required to further explore relationships between genetic variations, the ocular surface microbiome, inflammatory mediators, and environmental exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Chao
- Tufts Medical Center, Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,University of New South Wales School of Optometry and Vision Science, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lakshmi Akileswaran
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington Medical School, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Jessica N Cooke Bailey
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Institute for Computational Biology, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Mark Willcox
- University of New South Wales School of Optometry and Vision Science, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Russell Van Gelder
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington Medical School, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Carol Lakkis
- Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Inc., Jacksonville, Florida, United States
| | - Fiona Stapleton
- University of New South Wales School of Optometry and Vision Science, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kathryn Richdale
- University of Houston College of Optometry, Houston, Texas, United States
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4
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Persisting enteropathy and disturbed adaptive mucosal immunity due to MHC class II deficiency. Clin Immunol 2019; 203:125-133. [PMID: 31028919 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) form a fundamental mucosal barrier and actively participate in tolerance and immunity against intestinal contents. Major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II) and invariant chain (Ii) molecules are essential for adaptive immune response. MHC II deficiency often presents with gastrointestinal disorders. Intestinal biopsy samples revealed an absence of HLA-DR, Ii, and local immunoglobulins in both hematopoietic immune cells and IECs accompanied by a lack of faecal sIgA. After successful hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) absent HLA-DR and Ii expression persisted in IECs and faecal stool analysis indicated inflammation and high microbial activity. We describe multifaceted disturbance of adaptive mucosal immunity in MHC II deficient patients suffering from enteropathy. HLA-DR and Ii expression on enterocytes is not restored by HSCT. This may account for increased susceptibility to enteric infections and intestinal inflammation leading to prolonged enteropathy reported in MHC II deficient patients.
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5
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Jia X, Wang B, Yao Q, Li Q, Zhang J. Variations in CD14 Gene Are Associated With Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases in the Chinese Population. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:811. [PMID: 30700980 PMCID: PMC6343429 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs) are chronic organ-specific autoimmune diseases and mainly include Graves' disease (GD) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). CD14 is an important component of the immune system as a receptor for gram-negative lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The genetic polymorphisms of CD14 have been confirmed to be associated with a variety of autoimmune diseases. However, its relationship with AITDs is still unclear. The study was aimed to determine whether four single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs2915863, rs2569190, rs2569192, and rs2563298) of CD14 are associated with AITDs and its subgroups of GD and HT. The results showed significant association of rs2915863 and rs2569190 with GD. The frequencies of rs2915863 genotypes and T allele in patients with GD differed significantly from their controls (P = 0.007 and P = 0.021, respectively). For rs2569190, frequencies of genotypes and G allele in GD patients also showed positive P-values (P = 0.038 and P = 0.027, respectively). The correlations between these two loci and GD are more pronounced in female GD patients and patients with a family history. In genetic model analysis, the allele model, recessive model, and homozygous model of rs2569190 and rs2915863 embodied strong correlations with GD after the adjusting of age and gender (P = 0.014, P = 0.015, P = 0.009, and P = 0.014, P = 0.001, P = 0.006, respectively). However, these four sites are not related to HT. We firstly discovered the relationship between CD14 gene polymorphism and GD, and the results indicate that CD14 is an important risk locus for AITD and its SNPs may contribute to host's genetic predisposition to GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Jia
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiuming Yao
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jinan Zhang
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Girbovan A, Sur G, Samasca G, Lupan I. Dysbiosis a risk factor for celiac disease. Med Microbiol Immunol 2017; 206:83-91. [PMID: 28204873 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-017-0496-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Celiac disease remains one of the most challenging pathologies of the small intestine. It involves multiple pathogenic pathways and there are no disease-changing pharmacological agents available against it yet. The term microbiota refers to the community of microorganisms that inhabit a particular region of the body. Normal gut microbiota has a vital role in maintaining the intestinal homeostasis and promoting health. Celiac disease is associated with microbiota alteration, especially with an increase in the number of Gram-negative bacteria and a decrease in the number of Gram-positive bacteria. There is a strong relationship between intestinal dysbiosis and celiac disease, and recent studies are aimed at determining whether the celiac disease is a risk factor for dysbiosis or dysbiosis is for celiac disease. Therefore, the aim of this review was to assess the latest findings regarding the gut microbiota and its impact on the celiac disease, including therapeutic aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamaria Girbovan
- Department of Immunology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Crisan Street, 3-5 No 400177, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Genel Sur
- Department of Pediatrics II, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Emergency Hospital for Children, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Gabriel Samasca
- Department of Immunology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Crisan Street, 3-5 No 400177, Cluj-Napoca, Romania. .,Emergency Hospital for Children, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Iulia Lupan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Krupa-Kozak U, Drabińska N. Calcium in Gluten-Free Life: Health-Related and Nutritional Implications. Foods 2016; 5:E51. [PMID: 28231146 PMCID: PMC5302400 DOI: 10.3390/foods5030051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium deficiency and metabolic bone diseases are a frequent co-morbidity of coeliac disease (CD). Gluten-free diet (GFD) is the only effective treatment of CD. However, CD patients on the strict GFD consume less than the recommended amounts of calcium. In this review, the main etiological factors responsible for calcium deficiency in CD were presented. Additionally, the research on the application of calcium supplements in the gluten-free breadmaking was reviewed, and its effect on the technological and sensory properties of baked products was indicated. Calcium-fortified gluten-free products could increase the calcium content in the diet of CD patients, supplying the amount of calcium they need for prophylactic or therapeutic use. Apart from this, the consumption of the naturally GF products as well as functional ingredients beneficially affecting calcium absorption need to be encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Krupa-Kozak
- Department of Chemistry and Biodynamics of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima St., 10, Olsztyn 10-748, Poland.
| | - Natalia Drabińska
- Department of Chemistry and Biodynamics of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima St., 10, Olsztyn 10-748, Poland.
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8
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Giacomin P, Croese J, Krause L, Loukas A, Cantacessi C. Suppression of inflammation by helminths: a role for the gut microbiota? Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2016; 370:rstb.2014.0296. [PMID: 26150662 PMCID: PMC4528494 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2014.0296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple recent investigations have highlighted the promise of helminth-based therapies for the treatment of inflammatory disorders of the intestinal tract of humans, including inflammatory bowel disease and coeliac disease. However, the mechanisms by which helminths regulate immune responses, leading to the amelioration of symptoms of chronic inflammation are unknown. Given the pivotal roles of the intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of these disorders, it has been hypothesized that helminth-induced modifications of the gut commensal flora may be responsible for the therapeutic properties of gastrointestinal parasites. In this article, we review recent progress in the elucidation of host-parasite-microbiota interactions in both animal models of chronic inflammation and humans, and provide a working hypothesis of the role of the gut microbiota in helminth-induced suppression of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Giacomin
- Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Smithfield 4878, Australia
| | - John Croese
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane 4007, Australia
| | - Lutz Krause
- Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Alex Loukas
- Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Smithfield 4878, Australia
| | - Cinzia Cantacessi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
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9
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Johnson CC, Ownby DR. Allergies and Asthma: Do Atopic Disorders Result from Inadequate Immune Homeostasis arising from Infant Gut Dysbiosis? Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2016; 12:379-88. [PMID: 26776722 DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2016.1139452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Our global hypothesis is that atopic conditions and asthma develop because an individual's immune system is not able to appropriately resolve inflammation resulting from allergen exposures. We propose that the failure to appropriately down-regulate inflammation and produce a toleragenic state results primarily from less robust immune homeostatic processes rather than from a tendency to over-respond to allergenic stimuli. An individual with lower immune homeostatic capacity is unable to rapidly and completely terminate, on average over time, immune responses to innocuous allergens, increasing risk of allergic disease. A lack of robust homeostasis also increases the risk of other inflammatory conditions, such as prolonged respiratory viral infections and obesity, leading to the common co-occurrence of these conditions. Further, we posit that the development of vigorous immune homeostatic mechanisms is an evolutionary adaptation strongly influenced by both 1) exposure to a diverse maternal microbiota through the prenatal period, labor and delivery, and, 2) an orderly assemblage process of the infant's gut microbiota ecosystem shaped by breastfeeding and early exposure to a wide variety of ingested foods and environmental microbes. This early succession of microbial communities together with early allergen exposures orchestrate the development of an immune system with a robust ability to optimally control inflammatory responses and a lowered risk for atopic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine C Johnson
- a Department of Public Health Sciences , Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Dennis R Ownby
- b Department of Pediatrics , Georgia Regents University , Augusta , GA , USA
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10
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Frede A, Neuhaus B, Klopfleisch R, Walker C, Buer J, Müller W, Epple M, Westendorf AM. Colonic gene silencing using siRNA-loaded calcium phosphate/PLGA nanoparticles ameliorates intestinal inflammation in vivo. J Control Release 2016; 222:86-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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11
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Miller FW, Chen W, O’Hanlon TP, Cooper RG, Vencovsky J, Rider LG, Danko K, Wedderburn LR, Lundberg IE, Pachman LM, Reed AM, Ytterberg SR, Padyukov L, Selva-O’Callaghan A, Radstake TR, Isenberg DA, Chinoy H, Ollier WE, Scheet P, Peng B, Lee A, Byun J, Lamb JA, Gregersen PK, Amos CI. Genome-wide association study identifies HLA 8.1 ancestral haplotype alleles as major genetic risk factors for myositis phenotypes. Genes Immun 2015; 16:470-80. [PMID: 26291516 PMCID: PMC4840953 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2015.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune muscle diseases (myositis) comprise a group of complex phenotypes influenced by genetic and environmental factors. To identify genetic risk factors in patients of European ancestry, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of the major myositis phenotypes in a total of 1710 cases, which included 705 adult dermatomyositis, 473 juvenile dermatomyositis, 532 polymyositis and 202 adult dermatomyositis, juvenile dermatomyositis or polymyositis patients with anti-histidyl-tRNA synthetase (anti-Jo-1) autoantibodies, and compared them with 4724 controls. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms showing strong associations (P<5×10(-8)) in GWAS were identified in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region for all myositis phenotypes together, as well as for the four clinical and autoantibody phenotypes studied separately. Imputation and regression analyses found that alleles comprising the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) 8.1 ancestral haplotype (AH8.1) defined essentially all the genetic risk in the phenotypes studied. Although the HLA DRB1*03:01 allele showed slightly stronger associations with adult and juvenile dermatomyositis, and HLA B*08:01 with polymyositis and anti-Jo-1 autoantibody-positive myositis, multiple alleles of AH8.1 were required for the full risk effects. Our findings establish that alleles of the AH8.1 comprise the primary genetic risk factors associated with the major myositis phenotypes in geographically diverse Caucasian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick W. Miller
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Wei Chen
- M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Terrance P. O’Hanlon
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Robert G. Cooper
- MRC/ARUK Institute for Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom, L69 3GA
| | - Jiri Vencovsky
- Institute of Rheumatology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Na Slupi, 12850 Prague
| | - Lisa G. Rider
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Katalin Danko
- 3 Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Immunology University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary H-4032
| | - Lucy R. Wedderburn
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom, WC1N 1EH
| | - Ingrid E. Lundberg
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden SE-171 77
| | - Lauren M. Pachman
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | | | | | - Leonid Padyukov
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden SE-171 77
| | | | - Timothy R. Radstake
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Laboratory for Translational Immunology, Utrecht University Medical Center; and Nijmegen Center for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands 6500.HB
| | - David A. Isenberg
- Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom WC1E63T
| | - Hector Chinoy
- The National Institute for Health Research Manchester Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom M139PT
| | - William E.R. Ollier
- Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom M13 9PT
| | - Paul Scheet
- M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Bo Peng
- M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Annette Lee
- Robert S. Boas Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York 11030
| | - Jinyoung Byun
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755
| | - Janine A. Lamb
- Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom M13 9PT
| | - Peter K. Gregersen
- Robert S. Boas Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York 11030
| | - Christopher I. Amos
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755
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12
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Giacomin P, Zakrzewski M, Croese J, Su X, Sotillo J, McCann L, Navarro S, Mitreva M, Krause L, Loukas A, Cantacessi C. Experimental hookworm infection and escalating gluten challenges are associated with increased microbial richness in celiac subjects. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13797. [PMID: 26381211 PMCID: PMC4585380 DOI: 10.1038/srep13797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota plays a critical role in the development of the immune system. Recent investigations have highlighted the potential of helminth therapy for treating a range of inflammatory disorders, including celiac disease (CeD); however, the mechanisms by which helminths modulate the immune response of the human host and ameliorate CeD pathology are unknown. In this study, we investigated the potential role of alterations in the human gut microbiota in helminth-mediated suppression of an inflammatory disease. We assessed the qualitative and quantitative changes in the microbiota of human volunteers with CeD prior to and following infection with human hookworms, and following challenge with escalating doses of dietary gluten. Experimental hookworm infection of the trial subjects resulted in maintenance of the composition of the intestinal flora, even after a moderate gluten challenge. Notably, we observed a significant increase in microbial species richness over the course of the trial, which could represent a potential mechanism by which hookworms can regulate gluten-induced inflammation and maintain intestinal immune homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Giacomin
- Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Martha Zakrzewski
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - John Croese
- Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Xiaopei Su
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Javier Sotillo
- Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Leisa McCann
- Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Severine Navarro
- Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Makedonka Mitreva
- The Genome Institute, and.,Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lutz Krause
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Alex Loukas
- Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Cinzia Cantacessi
- Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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13
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Thompson AL, Monteagudo-Mera A, Cadenas MB, Lampl ML, Azcarate-Peril MA. Milk- and solid-feeding practices and daycare attendance are associated with differences in bacterial diversity, predominant communities, and metabolic and immune function of the infant gut microbiome. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2015; 5:3. [PMID: 25705611 PMCID: PMC4318912 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2015.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of the infant intestinal microbiome in response to dietary and other exposures may shape long-term metabolic and immune function. We examined differences in the community structure and function of the intestinal microbiome between four feeding groups, exclusively breastfed infants before introduction of solid foods (EBF), non-exclusively breastfed infants before introduction of solid foods (non-EBF), EBF infants after introduction of solid foods (EBF+S), and non-EBF infants after introduction of solid foods (non-EBF+S), and tested whether out-of-home daycare attendance was associated with differences in relative abundance of gut bacteria. Bacterial 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing was performed on 49 stool samples collected longitudinally from a cohort of 9 infants (5 male, 4 female). PICRUSt metabolic inference analysis was used to identify metabolic impacts of feeding practices on the infant gut microbiome. Sequencing data identified significant differences across groups defined by feeding and daycare attendance. Non-EBF and daycare-attending infants had higher diversity and species richness than EBF and non-daycare attending infants. The gut microbiome of EBF infants showed increased proportions of Bifidobacterium and lower abundance of Bacteroidetes and Clostridiales than non-EBF infants. PICRUSt analysis indicated that introduction of solid foods had a marginal impact on the microbiome of EBF infants (24 enzymes overrepresented in EBF+S infants). In contrast, over 200 bacterial gene categories were overrepresented in non-EBF+S compared to non-EBF infants including several bacterial methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (MCP) involved in signal transduction. The identified differences between EBF and non-EBF infants suggest that breast milk may provide the gut microbiome with a greater plasticity (despite having a lower phylogenetic diversity) that eases the transition into solid foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L. Thompson
- Department of Anthropology, University of North CarolinaChapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Andrea Monteagudo-Mera
- Microbiome Core Facility, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North CarolinaChapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Maria B. Cadenas
- Microbiome Core Facility, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North CarolinaChapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Michelle L. Lampl
- Department of Anthropology and Center for the Study of Human Health, Emory UniversityAtlanta, GA, USA
| | - M. A. Azcarate-Peril
- Microbiome Core Facility, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North CarolinaChapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of North CarolinaChapel Hill, NC, USA
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Biedermann L, Rogler G. The intestinal microbiota: its role in health and disease. Eur J Pediatr 2015; 174:151-67. [PMID: 25563215 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-014-2476-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The intestinal microbiota (previously referred to as "intestinal flora") has entered the focus of research interest not only in microbiology but also in medicine. Huge progress has been made with respect to the analysis of composition and functions of the human microbiota. An "imbalance" of the microbiota, frequently also called a "dysbiosis," has been associated with different diseases in recent years. Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis as two major forms of inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and some infectious intestinal diseases such as Clostridium difficile colitis feature a dysbiosis of the intestinal flora. Whereas this is somehow expected or less surprising, an imbalance of the microbiota or an enrichment of specific bacterial strains in the flora has been associated with an increasing number of other diseases such as diabetes, metabolic syndrome, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease or steatohepatitis and even psychiatric disorders such as depression or multiple sclerosis. It is important to understand the different aspects of potential contributions of the microbiota to pathophysiology of the mentioned diseases. CONCLUSION With the present manuscript, we aim to summarize the current knowledge and provide an overview of the different concepts on how bacteria contribute to health and disease in animal models and-more importantly-humans. In addition, it has to be borne in mind that we are only at the very beginning to understand the complex mechanisms of host-microbial interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Biedermann
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zürich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zürich, Switzerland,
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15
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Borre YE, Moloney RD, Clarke G, Dinan TG, Cryan JF. The impact of microbiota on brain and behavior: mechanisms & therapeutic potential. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 817:373-403. [PMID: 24997043 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0897-4_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that host-microbe interactions play a key role in maintaining homeostasis. Alterations in gut microbial composition is associated with marked changes in behaviors relevant to mood, pain and cognition, establishing the critical importance of the bi-directional pathway of communication between the microbiota and the brain in health and disease. Dysfunction of the microbiome-brain-gut axis has been implicated in stress-related disorders such as depression, anxiety and irritable bowel syndrome and neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism. Bacterial colonization of the gut is central to postnatal development and maturation of key systems that have the capacity to influence central nervous system (CNS) programming and signaling, including the immune and endocrine systems. Moreover, there is now expanding evidence for the view that enteric microbiota plays a role in early programming and later response to acute and chronic stress. This view is supported by studies in germ-free mice and in animals exposed to pathogenic bacterial infections, probiotic agents or antibiotics. Although communication between gut microbiota and the CNS are not fully elucidated, neural, hormonal, immune and metabolic pathways have been suggested. Thus, the concept of a microbiome-brain-gut axis is emerging, suggesting microbiota-modulating strategies may be a tractable therapeutic approach for developing novel treatments for CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya E Borre
- Laboratory of NeuroGastroenterology, Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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16
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Genetic association between a 'standing' variant of NOD2 and bipolar disorder. Immunobiology 2014; 219:766-71. [PMID: 25053139 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Bipolar disorders (BD) are chronic, multisystem and multifactorial disorders with significant lifetime morbidity, mortality and socio-economic burden. Understanding the underlying genetic and disease triggering environmental factors should improve diagnosis, prognosis, prevention and therapeutic management of the disease. Since intestinal innate dysimmunity seems to play a significant role in the etiopathogeny of BD, we explored in a sample of French Caucasian BD patients, the genetic polymorphisms of NOD2 (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2) gene, a key player in such immunity. We found a Caucasian-specific 'standing' variation to be associated with BD. The significance of this finding is discussed in the context of Crohn's disease as well as the complex function of NOD2 in innate immunity.
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Lively CM, de Roode JC, Duffy MA, Graham AL, Koskella B. Interesting open questions in disease ecology and evolution. Am Nat 2014; 184 Suppl 1:S1-8. [PMID: 25061674 DOI: 10.1086/677032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Curtis M Lively
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405
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18
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are the two predominant types of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), affecting over 1.4 million individuals in the United States. IBD results from complex interactions between pathogenic components, including genetic and epigenetic factors, the immune response, and the microbiome, through an unknown sequence of events. The purpose of this review is to describe a systems biology approach to IBD as a novel and exciting methodology aiming at developing novel IBD therapeutics based on the integration of molecular and cellular 'omics' data. RECENT FINDINGS Recent evidence suggested the presence of genetic, epigenetic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic alterations in IBD patients. Furthermore, several studies have shown that different cell types including fibroblasts, epithelial, immune, and endothelial cells together with the intestinal microbiota are involved in IBD pathogenesis. Novel computational methodologies have been developed aiming to integrate high-throughput molecular data. SUMMARY A systems biology approach could potentially identify the central regulators (hubs) in the IBD interactome and improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in IBD pathogenesis. The future IBD therapeutics should be developed on the basis of targeting the central hubs in the IBD network.
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20
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Abstract
Bacterial colonisation of the gut plays a major role in postnatal development and maturation of key systems that have the capacity to influence central nervous system (CNS) programming and signaling, including the immune and endocrine systems. Individually, these systems have been implicated in the neuropathology of many CNS disorders and collectively they form an important bidirectional pathway of communication between the microbiota and the brain in health and disease. Regulation of the microbiome-brain-gut axis is essential for maintaining homeostasis, including that of the CNS. Moreover, there is now expanding evidence for the view that commensal organisms within the gut play a role in early programming and later responsivity of the stress system. Research has focused on how the microbiota communicates with the CNS and thereby influences brain function. The routes of this communication are not fully elucidated but include neural, humoral, immune and metabolic pathways. This view is underpinned by studies in germ-free animals and in animals exposed to pathogenic bacterial infections, probiotic agents or antibiotics which indicate a role for the gut microbiota in the regulation of mood, cognition, pain and obesity. Thus, the concept of a microbiome-brain-gut axis is emerging which suggests that modulation of the gut microflora may be a tractable strategy for developing novel therapeutics for complex stress-related CNS disorders where there is a huge unmet medical need.
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Preter VD, Verbeke K. Metabolomics as a diagnostic tool in gastroenterology. World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther 2013; 4:97-107. [PMID: 24199025 PMCID: PMC3817290 DOI: 10.4292/wjgpt.v4.i4.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics has increasingly been applied in addition to other “omic” approaches in the study of the pathophysiology of different gastrointestinal diseases. Metabolites represent molecular readouts of the cell status reflecting a physiological phenotype. In addition, changes in metabolite concentrations induced by exogenous factors such as environmental and dietary factors which do not affect the genome, are taken into account. Metabolic reactions initiated by the host or gut microbiota can lead to “marker” metabolites present in different biological fluids that allow differentiation between health and disease. Several lines of evidence implicated the involvement of intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Also in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), a role of an abnormal microbiota composition, so-called dysbiosis, is supported by experimental data. These compositional alterations could play a role in the aetiology of both diseases by altering the metabolic activities of the gut bacteria. Several studies have applied a metabolomic approach to identify these metabolite signatures. However, before translating a potential metabolite biomarker into clinical use, additional validation studies are required. This review summarizes contributions that metabolomics has made in IBD and IBS and presents potential future directions within the field.
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Buettner M, Bleich A. Mapping colitis susceptibility in mouse models: distal chromosome 3 contains major loci related to Cdcs1. Physiol Genomics 2013; 45:925-30. [PMID: 24022218 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00084.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) summarizes a group of chronic intestinal disorders with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis being most prominent. Though much effort is put into identification of causative factors, its etiology is still not understood. Risk factors for disease development include genetic predisposition and environmental triggers. Crucial for identification and analysis of relevant factors are mouse models. Experimental IBD in mice occurs spontaneously or is induced by chemicals, cell transfer, pathogens, or genetic mutation. These models were utilized for analyzing genetic contribution to disease and genotype-environmental interactions. In these studies, a variety of modifier loci were identified, thereby demonstrating the complexity of disease. A major contribution of distal chromosome 3 was independently replicated in several studies. The first colitogenic QTL in this region was detected using the IL-10-deficient mouse model and called cytokine deficiency-induced colitis susceptibility (Cdcs)1. This quantitative trait locus contains at least three subintervals with independent genetic factors. This locus or defined subintervals were replicated in at least seven studies, using models based on dysregulation of innate or adaptive immunity or pathogen control. In this review we illustrate the various models used for genetic mapping of susceptibility to experimental IBD and display Cdcs1-related loci as well as the mechanism of their contribution identified so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Buettner
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Central Animal Facility, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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23
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Hedberg ME, Israelsson A, Moore ERB, Svensson-Stadler L, Wai SN, Pietz G, Sandström O, Hernell O, Hammarström ML, Hammarström S. Prevotella jejuni sp. nov., isolated from the small intestine of a child with coeliac disease. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2013; 63:4218-4223. [PMID: 23793857 PMCID: PMC3836492 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.052647-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Five obligately anaerobic, Gram-stain-negative, saccharolytic and proteolytic, non-spore-forming bacilli (strains CD3 : 27, CD3 : 28(T), CD3 : 33, CD3 : 32 and CD3 : 34) are described. All five strains were isolated from the small intestine of a female child with coeliac disease. Cells of the five strains were short rods or coccoid cells with longer filamentous forms seen sporadically. The organisms produced acetic acid and succinic acid as major metabolic end products. Phylogenetic analysis based on comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed close relationships between CD3 : 27, CD3 : 28(T) and CD3 : 33, between CD3 : 32 and Prevotella histicola CCUG 55407(T), and between CD3 : 34 and Prevotella melaninogenica CCUG 4944B(T). Strains CD3 : 27, CD3 : 28(T) and CD3 : 33 were clearly different from all recognized species within the genus Prevotella and related most closely to but distinct from P. melaninogenica. Based on 16S rRNA, RNA polymerase β-subunit (rpoB) and 60 kDa chaperonin protein subunit (cpn60) gene sequencing, and phenotypic, chemical and biochemical properties, strains CD3 : 27, CD3 : 28(T) and CD3 : 33 are considered to represent a novel species within the genus Prevotella, for which the name Prevotella jejuni sp. nov. is proposed. Strain CD3 : 28(T) ( = CCUG 60371(T) = DSM 26989(T)) is the type strain of the proposed novel species. All five strains were able to form homologous aggregates, in which tube-like structures were connecting individual bacteria cells. The five strains were able to bind to human intestinal carcinoma cell lines at 37 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Hedberg
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anne Israelsson
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Edward R B Moore
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sahlgrenska Academy of the University of Gothenburg, SE-40530 Göteborg, Sweden.,CCUG - Culture Collection University of Gothenburg, Department of Clinical Bacteriology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE-41345 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Liselott Svensson-Stadler
- CCUG - Culture Collection University of Gothenburg, Department of Clinical Bacteriology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE-41345 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Sun Nyunt Wai
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Grzegorz Pietz
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Olof Sandström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Pediatrics, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Olle Hernell
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Pediatrics, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Sten Hammarström
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
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