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Health Benefits of Cereal Grain- and Pulse-Derived Proteins. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27123746. [PMID: 35744874 PMCID: PMC9229611 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulses and whole grains are considered staple foods that provide a significant amount of calories, fibre and protein, making them key food sources in a nutritionally balanced diet. Additionally, pulses and whole grains contain many bioactive compounds such as dietary fibre, resistant starch, phenolic compounds and mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids that are known to combat chronic disease. Notably, recent research has demonstrated that protein derived from pulse and whole grain sources contains bioactive peptides that also possess disease-fighting properties. Mechanisms of action include inhibition or alteration of enzyme activities, vasodilatation, modulation of lipid metabolism and gut microbiome and oxidative stress reduction. Consumer demand for plant-based proteins has skyrocketed primarily based on the perceived health benefits and lower carbon footprint of consuming foods from plant sources versus animal. Therefore, more research should be invested in discovering the health-promoting effects that pulse and whole grain proteins have to offer.
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2
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Rice Compounds with Impact on Diabetes Control. Foods 2021; 10:foods10091992. [PMID: 34574099 PMCID: PMC8467539 DOI: 10.3390/foods10091992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice is one of the most cultivated and consumed cereals worldwide. It is composed of starch, which is an important source of diet energy, hypoallergenic proteins, and other bioactive compounds with known nutritional functionalities. Noteworthy is that the rice bran (outer layer of rice grains), a side-stream product of the rice milling process, has a higher content of bioactive compounds than white rice (polished rice grains). Bran functional ingredients such as γ-oryzanol, phytic acid, ferulic acid, γ-aminobutyric acid, tocopherols, and tocotrienols (vitamin E) have been linked to several health benefits. In this study, we reviewed the effects of rice glycemic index, macronutrients, and bioactive compounds on the pathological mechanisms associated with diabetes, identifying the rice compounds potentially exerting protective activities towards disease control. The effects of starch, proteins, and bran bioactive compounds for diabetic control were reviewed and provide important insights about the nutritional quality of rice-based foods.
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3
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Kaseda R, Hosojima M, Kuwahara S, Kabasawa H, Aoki H, Higuchi Y, Kon V, Narita I, Saito A. Rice Endosperm Protein Improves the Anti-Inflammatory Effects of High-Density Lipoprotein and Produces Lower Atherosclerotic Lesion Accelerated by the Renal Mass Reduction than Casein in a Mouse Model. J Am Coll Nutr 2021; 41:668-678. [PMID: 34424818 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2021.1950584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) impairs the anti-inflammatory effects of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and increases cardiovascular mortality. Though the potential role of dietary interventions to manage HDL is well studied, the clinical trials aimed to increase HDL levels have failed to reduce cardiovascular risk, rendering HDL function to be explored as a more relevant clinical parameter. This study investigates the effects of rice endosperm protein (REP), a plant-based protein, on the anti-inflammatory properties of HDL and renal injury-driven atherosclerosis in comparison with casein, an animal protein. Ten-week-old apolipoprotein E-deficient hyperlipidemic mice underwent uninephrectomy. The mice (n = 6 each) were pair-fed a normal casein-based diet or a REP-based diet (both with 20.0% protein content) for seven weeks. Atherosclerotic lesions were detected by en face Sudan IV staining of the aorta. The number and sizes of the atherosclerotic lesions were significantly lower in the REP-based diet-fed group than the casein-based diet-fed group (p = 0.038). However, the REP-based diet neither elicited an ameliorative effect on kidney function or histology nor impacted the cholesterol profiles. Furthermore, HDL from the REP-based diet-fed mice significantly suppressed the inflammatory cytokine response of human umbilical vein endothelial cells than that from the casein-based diet-fed mice (MCP-1, p = 0.010; IL-6, p = 0.011; IL-1β, p = 0.028). The REP-based diet has a higher potential to lessen the atherosclerotic lesions accelerated by renal mass reduction than a casein-based diet, which could be associated with the anti-inflammatory effects of HDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryohei Kaseda
- Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Kidney Research Center, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Michihiro Hosojima
- Department of Clinical Nutrition Science, Kidney Research Center, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Shoji Kuwahara
- Department of Applied Molecular Medicine, Kidney Research Center, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Kabasawa
- Department of Clinical Nutrition Science, Kidney Research Center, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Aoki
- Department of Applied Molecular Medicine, Kidney Research Center, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yuki Higuchi
- Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Kidney Research Center, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Niigata, Japan.,Rice Research Center, Kameda Seika Co. Ltd, Niigata, Japan
| | - Valentina Kon
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennesse, USA
| | - Ichiei Narita
- Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Kidney Research Center, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Akihiko Saito
- Department of Applied Molecular Medicine, Kidney Research Center, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
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4
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Fujimoto H, Matsumoto K, Koseki M, Yamashiro H, Yamada T, Takada R. Effects of rice feeding and carnitine addition on growth performance and mRNA expression of protein metabolism-related genes in broiler grower chicks. Anim Sci J 2020; 91:e13390. [PMID: 32468653 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study was carried out to evaluate the nutritional effects of rice feeding and carnitine addition to a diet for broiler chicks. Thirty-six male 10-day-old broiler chicks were assigned to one of the following four treatment groups: corn-based diet (corn group), rice-based diet (rice group), and each diet with added carnitine (100 ppm). The experimental period was 2 weeks. Rice feeding resulted in significantly higher growth performance (body weight gain and feed efficiency) compared to corn feeding. Carnitine addition also resulted in higher growth performance. Breast muscle and thigh muscle weight (g) were significantly higher in broiler chicks fed rice and those fed diets with added carnitine. Liver mRNA expression of IGF-I was significantly higher in broiler chicks fed rice compared to those fed corn. There was no significant difference in mRNA expression of muscle atrogin-1 or liver CPT-I between broiler chicks fed rice and those fed corn, not between broilers chicks fed diets containing carnitine or not. Overall, these results show that rice feeding and carnitine addition improve the growth performance of broiler chicks by increasing mRNA expression of liver IGF-I. In addition, carnitine action is not affected by different cereals (corn and rice).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroya Fujimoto
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Keisuke Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Minori Koseki
- Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hideaki Yamashiro
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.,Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takahisa Yamada
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.,Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ryozo Takada
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.,Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
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5
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A protein powder agglomeration process using açaí pulp as the binder: An analysis of the process parameters. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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6
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Rice bran protein ameliorates diabetes, reduces fatty liver, and has renoprotective effects in Zucker Diabetic Fatty rats. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.103981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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7
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Kadowaki M, Kubota M, Watanabe R. Physiological Multifunctions of Rice Proteins of Endosperm and Bran. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2020; 65:S42-S47. [PMID: 31619644 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.65.s42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Although it is considered a staple food, rice intake is under serious debate for its physiological usefulness, especially for diabetic patients, because of starch content. However, rice protein, the second major component of rice, has gained attention recently for its newly-discovered functions, which were previously unknown. Rice protein, a plant protein, shows multiple beneficial functions on lipid metabolism and diabetes and its complications, nephropathy, fatty liver and osteoporosis. Rice proteins of endosperm and bran, an ingredient of white rice and an unused product of brown rice, respectively, are valuable components for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoni Kadowaki
- Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University.,Fuculty of Engineering, Niigata Institute of Technology
| | | | - Reiko Watanabe
- Department of Health and Nutrition, University of Niigata Prefecture
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8
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Sen S, Chakraborty R, Kalita P. Rice - not just a staple food: A comprehensive review on its phytochemicals and therapeutic potential. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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9
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Gao Y, Zhang M, Zhang R, You L, Li T, Liu RH. Whole Grain Brown Rice Extrudate Ameliorates the Symptoms of Diabetes by Activating the IRS1/PI3K/AKT Insulin Pathway in db/db Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:11657-11664. [PMID: 31549821 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b04684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The therapeutic benefits of whole grains on diabetes mellitus have been continuously confirmed by in-depth research. To date, limited studies have investigated the effect of extruded products of whole grains on the insulin signaling pathway in vivo. This study investigated the effects of oral consumption of whole grain extrudate, including 97% brown rice and 3% defatted rice bran (w/w, BRD), on glucose metabolism and the hepatic insulin signaling pathway in C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice. BRD treatment induced a remarkable reduction in blood glucose. Moreover, glucose intolerance and insulin resistance were ameliorated in the BRD-treated group compared with those in the db/db control group. BRD also increased the hepatic glycogen content by reducing the expression and increasing the phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β). The activities of glucose-6-phosphatase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and their respective mRNA expression levels in the liver were simultaneously decreased in the BRD-treated group. BRD also significantly upregulated the expression of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and increased the phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) and protein kinase B (AKT). These results indicate that BRD exhibits antidiabetic potential by activating the IRS1/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, further regulating the expression of the FOXO1 gene and p-GSK3β protein, thus inhibiting hepatic gluconeogenesis, increasing hepatic glycogen storage, and improving insulin resistance. Therefore, BRD could be used as a functional ingredient to alleviate the symptoms of hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Gao
- School of Food Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510641 , China
| | - Mingwei Zhang
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods , Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing , Guangzhou 510610 , China
| | - Ruifen Zhang
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods , Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing , Guangzhou 510610 , China
| | - Lijun You
- School of Food Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510641 , China
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Food Science, Stocking Hall , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
| | - Rui Hai Liu
- Department of Food Science, Stocking Hall , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
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10
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Ina S, Hamada A, Kumagai H, Yamaguchi Y. Bioactive Ingredients in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Function in the Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2019; 65:S113-S116. [PMID: 31619608 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.65.s113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) greatly impacts human health worldwide as over 400 million patients suffer from DM-related symptoms. Type 2 DM accounts for more than 90% of DM and is caused mainly by unhealthy lifestyles, such as high-calorie and high-fat diets. Such undesirable eating habitats induce resistance to insulin resulting in high blood sugar levels that cause induction of various symptoms and complications of DM. Therefore, management of blood sugar levels is important for preventing DM. Our group has recently found that rice (Oryza sativa L.) contains anti-diabetes compounds. Here, we summarize the effect of the bioactive ingredients in rice on preventing type 2 DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigenobu Ina
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Nihon University
| | - Aya Hamada
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Nihon University
| | - Hitomi Kumagai
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Nihon University
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11
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Ina S, Hamada A, Kaneko T, Nakajima N, Yamaguchi Y, Akao M, Kumagai H, Kumagai H. Physicochemical and Surface Properties of Rice Albumin for its Application as a Functional Food Material. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.25.555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shigenobu Ina
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Nihon University
| | - Aya Hamada
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Nihon University
| | | | | | | | - Makoto Akao
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Nihon University
| | - Hitoshi Kumagai
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyoritsu Women's University
| | - Hitomi Kumagai
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Nihon University
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12
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Kovalčíková A, Gyurászová M, Gardlík R, Boriš M, Celec P, Tóthová Ľ. The effects of sucrose on urine collection in metabolic cages. Lab Anim 2018; 53:180-189. [PMID: 30045671 DOI: 10.1177/0023677218781674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Representative urine collection that respects the standards of animal welfare is still an issue in experimental nephrology. The commonly used metabolic cages induce stress in rodents. In mice, the volume of collected urine is sometimes insufficient for further analysis. The aim of this experiment was to analyse the effects of time of day, temperature and 2%, 5% or 10% sucrose solutions on diuresis, weight change and liquid intake of adult mice placed in metabolic cages for urine collection. Mice were placed in metabolic cages for 12 h during the day or night at standard ambient (22℃) and thermoneutral (28℃) temperatures. To determine the effect of acclimatisation, mice were placed in metabolic cages for five consecutive days. Diuresis increased with concentrations of sucrose. Body weight reduction was most rapid in the group given tap water and decreased with increasing sucrose concentrations. A drastic drop in body weight was observed in mice placed in metabolic cages for four consecutive days with access to tap water and food, indicating that time spent in metabolic cages should be kept to a minimum, as prolonged confinement in metabolic cages can be harmful to mice. The administration of concentrated sucrose solutions can potentially aid in mouse urine collection by reducing the time spent in metabolic cages. Sucrose supplementation increased the albumin/creatinine ratio. However, without showing estimates of glomerular filtration rate, renal haemodynamics, plasma electrolytes and urinary electrolyte excretions, the results of this study do not provide any conclusion about the effect of sucrose on renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Kovalčíková
- 1 Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Marianna Gyurászová
- 1 Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Roman Gardlík
- 1 Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.,2 Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martin Boriš
- 3 Institute of Electronics and Photonics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Celec
- 1 Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.,2 Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.,4 Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ľubomíra Tóthová
- 1 Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.,5 Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
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13
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Hosojima M, Shimada H, Obi Y, Kuwahara S, Kaseda R, Kabasawa H, Kondo H, Fujii M, Watanabe R, Suzuki Y, Kadowaki M, Miyazaki S, Saito A. A Randomized, Double-Blind, Crossover Pilot Trial of Rice Endosperm Protein Supplementation in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients. Sci Rep 2017; 7:18003. [PMID: 29269937 PMCID: PMC5740176 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18340-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients, low protein intake is associated with protein-energy wasting, a risk factor that affects outcome. However, increased protein intake may lead to hyperphosphatemia and hyperkalemia, which are also mortality risk factors. Here, we evaluated the safety and effects of purified rice endosperm protein (REP), which contains less phosphorus and potassium than soy and casein proteins, as a supplemental protein source for MHD patients. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover pilot study of REP supplementation (5 g/day × 4 weeks) was carried out in 50 Japanese adult MHD patients (1 dropped out); the primary outcome was the change in the urea kinetic-based normalized protein catabolic rate (nPCR), an indicator of protein intake in MHD patients. Intention-to-treat analyses of 24 patients in the REP-first group and 25 in the placebo-first group showed that REP supplementation increased nPCR significantly by 0.07 g/kg/day (95% confidence interval, 0.03–0.11), whereas changes in serum phosphorus and potassium concentrations were not different from the placebo. REP supplementation did not show a significant effect on other nutritional or metabolic parameters and no specific complications. In conclusion, purified REP with efficient bioavailability may be safe and useful for dietary supplementation in MHD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michihiro Hosojima
- Department of Clinical Nutrition Science, Kidney Research Center, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan.,Kidney Center, Shinrakuen Hospital, Niigata, 950-2087, Japan
| | - Hisaki Shimada
- Kidney Center, Shinrakuen Hospital, Niigata, 950-2087, Japan
| | - Yoshitsugu Obi
- Harold Simmons Center for Kidney Disease Research & Epidemiology, Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92868, USA.,Department of Nephrology, Osaka Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shoji Kuwahara
- Department of Applied Molecular Medicine, Kidney Research Center, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Ryohei Kaseda
- Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Kidney Research Center, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Kabasawa
- Department of Clinical Nutrition Science, Kidney Research Center, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Hazuki Kondo
- Rice Research Center, Kameda Seika Co. Ltd., Niigata, 950-0198, Japan
| | - Mikio Fujii
- Rice Research Center, Kameda Seika Co. Ltd., Niigata, 950-0198, Japan
| | - Reiko Watanabe
- Department of Health and Nutrition, University of Niigata Prefecture, Niigata, 950-8680, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Suzuki
- Health Administration Center, Niigata University, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan
| | - Motoni Kadowaki
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan
| | | | - Akihiko Saito
- Department of Applied Molecular Medicine, Kidney Research Center, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan.
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Yagami K, Takada R. Dietary rice improves growth performance, mucosal enzyme activities and plasma urea nitrogen in weaning piglets. Anim Sci J 2017; 88:2010-2015. [PMID: 28722261 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the nutritional functions of rice for weaning piglets. Sixteen weaning piglets with an average initial weight of 7.2 kg were divided into two groups. One group was fed a corn-soybean meal based diet, and the other was fed a rice-soybean meal based diet, containing 50% corn and rice, respectively. A 2 weeks growth trial was conducted and growth performance, intestinal mucosal enzyme activities and plasma urea nitrogen were measured. The average daily gain in rice-fed piglets was significantly higher than that in corn-fed piglets and the average daily feed intake tended to be higher in rice-fed piglets than in corn-fed piglets. Maltase and aminopeptidase activities (mol/g tissue) in the jejunum in rice-fed piglets were significantly higher than those in corn-fed piglets, although these enzyme activities were not different in the duodenum. Sucrase and dipeptidyl peptidase IV activities in the two groups were not different in either the duodenum or jejunum. Although the feed (nitrogen) intake was higher in rice-fed piglets, the plasma urea nitrogen in rice-fed piglets was significantly lower (P = 0.006) than that in corn-fed piglets. These results indicate that rice is a good alternative feedstuff for the diet of weaning piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Yagami
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ryozo Takada
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
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15
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Hosojima M, Kaseda R, Kondo H, Fujii M, Kubota M, Watanabe R, Tanabe N, Kadowaki M, Suzuki Y, Saito A. Beneficial effects of rice endosperm protein intake in Japanese men with risk factors for metabolic syndrome: a randomized, crossover clinical trial. BMC Nutr 2016. [DOI: 10.1186/s40795-016-0065-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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16
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Rice endosperm protein slows progression of fatty liver and diabetic nephropathy in Zucker diabetic fatty rats. Br J Nutr 2016; 116:1326-1335. [PMID: 27724997 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114516003512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported that rice endosperm protein (REP) has renoprotective effects in Goto-Kakizaki rats, a non-obese diabetic model. However, whether these effects occur in obese diabetes remains unclear. This study aimed to clarify the effects of REP on obese diabetes, especially on fatty liver and diabetic nephropathy, using the obese diabetic model Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats. In total, 7-week-old male ZDF rats were fed diets containing 20 % REP or casein (C) for 8 weeks. Changes in fasting blood glucose levels and urinary markers were monitored during the experimental period. Hepatic lipids and metabolites were measured and renal glomeruli were observed morphologically. HbA1c levels were significantly lower in rats fed REP, compared with C (P<0·05). Compared with C in the liver, REP prevented lipid accumulation (total lipid, TAG and total cholesterol, P<0·01). Liver metabolome analysis indicated that levels of metabolites associated with glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway and carnitine metabolism were significantly greater in the REP group than in the C group (P<0·05), suggesting activation of both glucose catabolism and fatty acid oxidation. The metabolite increases promoted by REP may contribute to suppression of liver lipid accumulation. Urinary excretion of albumin and N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase was significantly reduced in rats fed REP for 8 weeks (P<0·01). In addition, there was a distinct suppression of mesangial matrix expansion and glomerular hypertrophy in response to REP (P<0·01). Thus, REP had preventive effects on obese diabetes, fatty liver and diabetic nephropathy.
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17
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Li H, He H, Wang Z, Cai J, Sun B, Wu Q, Zhang Y, Zhou G, Yang L. Rice protein suppresses ROS generation and stimulates antioxidant gene expression via Nrf2 activation in adult rats. Gene 2016; 585:256-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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18
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Ishikawa Y, Hira T, Inoue D, Harada Y, Hashimoto H, Fujii M, Kadowaki M, Hara H. Rice protein hydrolysates stimulate GLP-1 secretion, reduce GLP-1 degradation, and lower the glycemic response in rats. Food Funct 2015; 6:2525-34. [PMID: 26107658 DOI: 10.1039/c4fo01054j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Rice has historically been consumed in Asia as a major source of carbohydrates, however, little is known regarding the functional roles of rice proteins as dietary factors. In the present study, we investigated whether peptides derived from rice proteins could stimulate GLP-1 secretion, which results in reducing glycemia via the incretin effect in normal rats. Hydrolysates were prepared from the protein fraction of rice endosperm or rice bran, and the effects of these hydrolysates on GLP-1 secretion were examined in a murine enteroendocrine cell line GLUTag. Plasma was collected after oral administration of the rice protein hydrolysates, under anesthesia, or during glucose tolerance tests in rats. In anesthetized rats, plasma dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) activity was measured after ileal administration of the rice protein hydrolysates. GLP-1 secretion from GLUTag cells was potently stimulated by the rice protein hydrolysates, especially by the peptic digest of rice endosperm protein (REPH) and that of rice bran protein (RBPH). Oral administration of REPH or RBPH elevated plasma GLP-1 concentrations, which resulted in the reduction of glycemia under the intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test. In addition, the plasma DPP-IV activity was attenuated after ileal administration of REPH or RBPH, which resulted in a higher ratio of intact (active) GLP-1 to total GLP-1 in the plasma. These results demonstrate that rice proteins exert potent stimulatory effects on GLP-1 secretion, which could contribute to the reduction of postprandial glycemia. The inhibitory effect of these peptides on the plasma DPP-IV activity may potentiate the incretin effect of GLP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Burlando B, Cornara L. Therapeutic properties of rice constituents and derivatives (Oryza sativa L.): A review update. Trends Food Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Jin YX, Kim HR, Kim SY. Effect of Mineral-rich Salt Intake on Diabetic Goto-Kakizaki Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.3746/jkfn.2014.43.3.355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Cai J, Yang L, He HJ, Xu T, Liu HB, Wu Q, Ma Y, Liu QH, Nie MH. Antioxidant capacity responsible for a hypocholesterolemia is independent of dietary cholesterol in adult rats fed rice protein. Gene 2013; 533:57-66. [PMID: 24120393 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.09.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Revised: 09/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Dietary cholesterol and aging are major risk factors to accelerate oxidation process for developing hypercholesterolemia. The major aim of this study is to elucidate the effects of rice protein on cholesterol level and oxidative stress in adult rats fed with and without cholesterol. After 2 weeks of feeding, hepatic and plasma contents of cholesterol, reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PCO) were measured. In liver, total antioxidative capacity (T-AOC), activities of antioxidant enzymes (total superoxide dismutase, T-SOD; catalase, CAT), glutathione metabolizing enzyme activities and gene expression levels (γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase, γ-GCS; glutathione reductase, GR; glutathione peroxidase, GPx) were determined. Under cholesterol-free/enriched dietary condition, T-AOC, activities of T-SOD and CAT, glutathione metabolism related enzymes' activities and mRNA levels (γ-GCS, GR and GPx) were effectively stimulated by rice proteins as compared to caseins. Compared with caseins, rice proteins significantly increased hepatic and plasma GSH contents, whereas hepatic and plasma accumulations of MDA, PCO and GSSG were significantly reduced by rice protein-feedings. As a result, the marked reductions of cholesterol in the plasma and in the liver were observed in adult rats fed rice proteins with and without cholesterol. The present study demonstrates that the hypocholesterolemic effect of rice protein is attributable to inducing antioxidative response and depressing oxidative damage in adult rats fed cholesterol-free/enriched diets. Results suggest that the antioxidant capability involved in the hypocholesterolemic action exerted by rice protein is independent of dietary cholesterol during adult period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixiang Cai
- Department of Food Science, School of Food Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin 150090, China
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