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Lombó M, Giommi C, Zarantoniello M, Chemello G. A Pretty Kettle of Fish: A Review on the Current Challenges in Mediterranean Teleost Reproduction. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1597. [PMID: 38891644 PMCID: PMC11171123 DOI: 10.3390/ani14111597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean region is facing several environmental changes and pollution issues. Teleosts are particularly sensitive to these challenges due to their intricate reproductive biology and reliance on specific environmental cues for successful reproduction. Wild populations struggle with the triad of climate change, environmental contamination, and overfishing, which can deeply affect reproductive success and population dynamics. In farmed species, abiotic factors affecting reproduction are easier to control, whereas finding alternatives to conventional diets for farmed teleosts is crucial for enhancing broodstock health, reproductive success, and the sustainability of the aquaculture sector. Addressing these challenges involves ongoing research into formulating specialized diets, optimizing feeding strategies, and developing alternative and sustainable feed ingredients. To achieve a deeper comprehension of these challenges, studies employing model species have emerged as pivotal tools. These models offer advantages in understanding reproductive mechanisms due to their well-defined physiology, genetic tractability, and ease of manipulation. Yet, while providing invaluable insights, their applicability to diverse species remains constrained by inherent variations across taxa and oversimplification of complex environmental interactions, thus limiting the extrapolation of the scientific findings. Bridging these gaps necessitates multidisciplinary approaches, emphasizing conservation efforts for wild species and tailored nutritional strategies for aquaculture, thereby fostering sustainable teleost reproduction in the Mediterranean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Lombó
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (DiSVA), Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (M.L.); (C.G.)
- INBB—Consorzio Interuniversitario di Biosistemi e Biostrutture, 00136 Roma, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Christian Giommi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (DiSVA), Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (M.L.); (C.G.)
- INBB—Consorzio Interuniversitario di Biosistemi e Biostrutture, 00136 Roma, Italy
| | - Matteo Zarantoniello
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (DiSVA), Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (M.L.); (C.G.)
| | - Giulia Chemello
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (DiSVA), Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (M.L.); (C.G.)
- INBB—Consorzio Interuniversitario di Biosistemi e Biostrutture, 00136 Roma, Italy
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Naya-Català F, Belenguer A, Montero D, Torrecillas S, Soriano B, Calduch-Giner J, Llorens C, Fontanillas R, Sarih S, Zamorano MJ, Izquierdo M, Pérez-Sánchez J. Broodstock nutritional programming differentially affects the hepatic transcriptome and genome-wide DNA methylome of farmed gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) depending on genetic background. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:670. [PMID: 37936076 PMCID: PMC10631108 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09759-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Broodstock nutritional programming improves the offspring utilization of plant-based diets in gilthead sea bream through changes in hepatic metabolism. Attention was initially focused on fatty acid desaturases, but it can involve a wide range of processes that remain largely unexplored. How all this can be driven by a different genetic background is hardly underlined, and the present study aimed to assess how broodstock nutrition affects differentially the transcriptome and genome-wide DNA methylome of reference and genetically selected fish within the PROGENSA® selection program. RESULTS After the stimulus phase with a low fish oil diet, two offspring subsets of each genetic background received a control or a FUTURE-based diet. This highlighted a different hepatic transcriptome (RNA-seq) and genome-wide DNA methylation (MBD-seq) pattern depending on the genetic background. The number of differentially expressed transcripts following the challenge phase varied from 323 in reference fish to 2,009 in genetically selected fish. The number of discriminant transcripts, and associated enriched functions, were also markedly higher in selected fish. Moreover, correlation analysis depicted a hyper-methylated and down-regulated gene expression state in selected fish with the FUTURE diet, whereas the opposite pattern appeared in reference fish. After filtering for highly represented functions in selected fish, 115 epigenetic markers were retrieved in this group. Among them, lipid metabolism genes (23) were the most reactive following ordering by fold-change in expression, rendering a final list of 10 top markers with a key role on hepatic lipogenesis and fatty acid metabolism (cd36, pitpna, cidea, fasn, g6pd, lipt1, scd1a, acsbg2, acsl14, acsbg2). CONCLUSIONS Gene expression profiles and methylation signatures were dependent on genetic background in our experimental model. Such assumption affected the magnitude, but also the type and direction of change. Thus, the resulting epigenetic clock of reference fish might depict an older phenotype with a lower methylation for the epigenetically responsive genes with a negative methylation-expression pattern. Therefore, epigenetic markers will be specific of each genetic lineage, serving the broodstock programming in our selected fish to prevent and mitigate later in life the risk of hepatic steatosis through changes in hepatic lipogenesis and fatty acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Naya-Català
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de La Sal (IATS, CSIC), 12595, Castellón, Spain
| | - A Belenguer
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de La Sal (IATS, CSIC), 12595, Castellón, Spain
| | - D Montero
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Ctra. Taliarte S/N, 35214, Telde, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - S Torrecillas
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Ctra. Taliarte S/N, 35214, Telde, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - B Soriano
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de La Sal (IATS, CSIC), 12595, Castellón, Spain
- Biotechvana, Parc Científic Universitat de València, 46980, Paterna, Spain
| | - J Calduch-Giner
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de La Sal (IATS, CSIC), 12595, Castellón, Spain
| | - C Llorens
- Biotechvana, Parc Científic Universitat de València, 46980, Paterna, Spain
| | - R Fontanillas
- Skretting Aquaculture Research Centre, Stavanger, Norway
| | - S Sarih
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Ctra. Taliarte S/N, 35214, Telde, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - M J Zamorano
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Ctra. Taliarte S/N, 35214, Telde, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - M Izquierdo
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Ctra. Taliarte S/N, 35214, Telde, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - J Pérez-Sánchez
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de La Sal (IATS, CSIC), 12595, Castellón, Spain.
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Holhorea PG, Felip A, Calduch-Giner JÀ, Afonso JM, Pérez-Sánchez J. Use of male-to-female sex reversal as a welfare scoring system in the protandrous farmed gilthead sea bream ( Sparus aurata). Front Vet Sci 2023; 9:1083255. [PMID: 36699328 PMCID: PMC9868933 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1083255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Gilthead sea bream is a highly cultured marine fish throughout the Mediterranean area, but new and strict criteria of welfare are needed to assure that the intensification of production has no negative effects on animal farming. Most welfare indicators are specific to a given phase of the production cycle, but others such as the timing of puberty and/or sex reversal are of retrospective value. This is of particular relevance in the protandrous gilthead sea bream, in which the sex ratio is highly regulated at the nutritional level. Social and environmental factors (e.g., contaminant loads) also alter the sex ratio, but the contribution of the genetic component remains unclear. To assess this complex issue, five gilthead sea bream families representative of slow/intermediate/fast growth were grown out with control or a plant-based diet in a common garden system from early life to the completion of their sexual maturity in 3-year-old fish. The plant-based diet highly enhanced the male-to-female sex reversal. This occurred in parallel with the progressive impairment of growth performance, which was indicative of changes in nutrient requirements as the result of the different energy demands for growth and reproduction through development. The effect of a different nutritional and genetic background on the reproductive performance was also assessed by measurements of circulating levels of sex steroids during the two consecutive spawning seasons, varying plasma levels of 17β-estradiol (E2) and 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) with age, gender, diet, and genetic background. Principal component analysis (PCA) of 3-year-old fish displayed a gradual increase of the E2/11-KT ratio from males to females with the improvement of nutritional/genetic background. Altogether, these results support the use of a reproductive tract scoring system for leading farmed fish toward their optimum welfare condition, contributing to improving the productivity of the current gilthead sea bream livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul G Holhorea
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal, CSIC, Castellón, Spain
| | - Alicia Felip
- Group of Fish Reproductive Physiology, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal, CSIC, Castellón, Spain
| | - Josep À Calduch-Giner
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal, CSIC, Castellón, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Afonso
- Aquaculture Research Group, Institute of Sustainable Aquaculture and Marine Ecosystems (IU-ECOAQUA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Jaume Pérez-Sánchez
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal, CSIC, Castellón, Spain
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Callet T, Li H, Heraud C, Larroquet L, Lanuque A, Sandres F, Terrier F, Surget A, Corraze G, Panserat S, Marandel L. Molecular programming of the hepatic lipid metabolism via a parental high carbohydrate and low protein diet in rainbow trout. Animal 2022; 16:100670. [PMID: 36402111 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2022.100670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now recognised that parental diets could alter their offspring metabolism, concept known as nutritional programming. For agronomic purposes, it has been previously proposed that programming could be employed as a strategy to prepare individual for future nutritional challenges. Concerning cultured fish that belong to high trophic level, plant-derived carbohydrates are a possible substitute for the traditional protein-rich fishmeal in broodstock diet, lowering thus the dietary protein-to-carbohydrate ratio (HC/LP nutrition). However, in mammals, numerous studies have previously demonstrated that parental HC/LP nutrition negatively affects their offspring in the long term. Therefore, the question of possible adaptation to plant-based diets, via parental nutrition, should be explored. First, the maternal HC/LP nutrition induced a global DNA hypomethylation in the liver of their offspring. Interestingly at the gene expression level, the effects brought by the maternal and paternal HC/LP nutrition cumulated in the liver, as indicated by the altered transcriptome. The paternal HC/LP nutrition significantly enhanced cholesterol synthesis at the transcriptomic level. Furthermore, hepatic genes involved in long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids were significantly increased by the parental HC/LP nutrition, affecting thus both hepatic and muscle fatty acid profiles. Overall, the present study demonstrated that lipid metabolism could be modulated via a parental nutrition in rainbow trout, and that such modulations have consequences on their progeny phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thérèse Callet
- INRAE, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR 1419, Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Hongyan Li
- INRAE, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR 1419, Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France; State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cécile Heraud
- INRAE, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR 1419, Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Laurence Larroquet
- INRAE, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR 1419, Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Anthony Lanuque
- INRAE, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR 1419, Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Franck Sandres
- INRAE, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR 1419, Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Frédéric Terrier
- INRAE, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR 1419, Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Anne Surget
- INRAE, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR 1419, Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Geneviève Corraze
- INRAE, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR 1419, Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Stéphane Panserat
- INRAE, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR 1419, Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Lucie Marandel
- INRAE, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR 1419, Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France.
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Liu Y, Yao C, Cui K, Hao T, Yin Z, Xu W, Huang W, Mai K, Ai Q. Nutritional programming of large yellow croaker ( Larimichthys crocea) larvae by dietary vegetable oil: effects on growth performance, lipid metabolism and antioxidant capacity. Br J Nutr 2022; 129:1-14. [PMID: 35811407 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522001726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The nutritional status experienced in the early development of life plays a vital role in the long-term metabolic state of the individual, which is known as nutritional programming. The present study investigated the long-term effects of vegetable oil (VO) nutritional programming during the early life of large yellow croaker. First, larvae were fed either a fish oil (FO) diet or a VO diet for 30 d. Subsequently, under the same conditions, all fish were fed a commercial diet for 90 d and thereafter challenged with an FO or VO diet for 30 d. The results showed that growth performance was significantly lower in larvae fed the VO diet than in those in fed the FO diet in the stimulus phase. Notably, VO nutritional history fish showed lower levels of liver lipids liver total triglycerides and serum nonesterified free fatty acids than the FO nutritional history fish when juveniles were challenged with the VO diet, which was consistent with the expression of lipogenesis-related genes and proteins. Moreover, the VO nutritional history fish showed lower liver damage and higher antioxidant capacity than FO nutritional history fish when challenged with the VO diet. In summary, this study showed that a short VO stimulus during the early life stage of large yellow croaker, had a long-term effect on lipid metabolism and the antioxidant system. Specifically, VO nutritional programming had a positive effect on alleviating abnormal lipid deposition on the liver, liver damage, and the reduction of hepatic antioxidant capacity caused by a VO diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongtao Liu
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanwei Yao
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Cui
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Hao
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoyang Yin
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxuan Xu
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxing Huang
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Kangsen Mai
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Key laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, and the Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghui Ai
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Key laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, and the Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong266003, People's Republic of China
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Kwasek K, Patula S, Wojno M, Oliaro F, Cabay C, Pinnell LJ. Does Exposure of Broodstock to Dietary Soybean Meal Affect Its Utilization in the Offspring of Zebrafish (Danio rerio)? Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12121475. [PMID: 35739814 PMCID: PMC9219465 DOI: 10.3390/ani12121475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Replacement of fishmeal in fish diets with plant protein has been an ongoing challenge. High-quality plant protein concentrates are widely used since their digestibility can be comparable to fishmeal. However, their price can exceed the cost of marine raw materials. Progress with utilization of lower-quality plant protein sources has been made but a number of concerns must be overcome to maintain acceptable growth rates at high fishmeal substitution levels. Nutritional programming represents a promising approach to offset the negative effects of dietary plant protein through its exposure in early life. We tested an unconventional programming strategy by exposing parental zebrafish to soybean meal diet to improve dietary soybean meal utilization in progeny fish. The study observed a strong trend showing better growth performance between progeny zebrafish fed soybean meal diet that originated from broodstock exposed to soybean meal as opposed to progeny fish fed soybean meal diet that originated from fishmeal diet fed broodstock. However, the study found no changes in the richness, diversity, or composition of gut microbial communities associated with progeny fish from fishmeal or soybean meal fed broodstock. Hence, the mechanism behind nutritional programming does not seem to be associated with modified gut microbiome. Abstract Nutritional programming (NP) is a concept in which early nutritional events alter the physiology of an animal and its response to different dietary regimes later in life. The objective of this study was to determine if NP via broodstock with dietary plant protein (PP) has any effect on the gut microbiome of the progeny fish and whether this modified gut microbiome leads to better utilization of PP diet. The experiment consisted of four different treatments as follows: (1) progeny that received FM diet obtained from fishmeal (FM)-fed broodstock (FMBS-FM, +control); (2) progeny that received PP diet obtained from FM-fed parents (FMBS-PP); (3) progeny that received PP diet obtained from “nutritionally programmed” parents (PPBS-PP; −control); and (4) progeny that received FM diet obtained from “nutritionally programmed” parents (PPBS-FM). Zebrafish was used as a model species. This study found that parental programming seems to have some positive effect on dietary PP utilization in progeny. However, the influence of NP with PP through broodstock on gut microbiota of the offspring fish was not detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Kwasek
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Southern Illinois University, 1125 Lincoln Dr. Life Science II, Room 251, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA; (S.P.); (M.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-618-453-2890
| | - Samuel Patula
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Southern Illinois University, 1125 Lincoln Dr. Life Science II, Room 251, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA; (S.P.); (M.W.)
| | - Michal Wojno
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Southern Illinois University, 1125 Lincoln Dr. Life Science II, Room 251, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA; (S.P.); (M.W.)
| | - Frank Oliaro
- A. Watson Armour III Center for Animal Health and Welfare, John G. Shedd Aquarium, Chicago, IL 60605, USA; (F.O.); (C.C.)
| | - Chrissy Cabay
- A. Watson Armour III Center for Animal Health and Welfare, John G. Shedd Aquarium, Chicago, IL 60605, USA; (F.O.); (C.C.)
| | - Lee J. Pinnell
- Veterinary Education, Research, and Outreach Program, Texas A&M University, Canyon, TX 79015, USA;
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Hou Z, Lu X, Tiziani S, Fuiman LA. Nutritional programming by maternal diet alters offspring lipid metabolism in a marine teleost. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2022; 48:535-553. [PMID: 35399145 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-022-01069-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nutritional programming - the association between the early nutritional environment and long-term consequences for an animal - is an emerging area of research in fish biology. Previous studies reported correlations between maternal provisioning of essential fatty acids to eggs and the whole-body fatty acid composition of larvae reared under uniform conditions for red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus. This study aimed to further investigate the nutritional stimulus and the consequences of nutritional programming by feeding adult red drum several distinct diets and rearing larvae under uniform conditions until 21 days post-hatching when larval lipid and fatty acid compositions were assessed. Different maternal diets produced eggs with distinctive lipid and fatty acid compositions, and despite receiving the same larval diet for almost 3 weeks, larvae showed differences in total fatty acid accumulation and in retention of highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA). Specifically, larvae reared from a maternal diet of shrimp generally showed elevated levels of fatty acids in the initial steps of the n-3 and n-6 HUFA biosynthetic pathways and reduced levels of fatty acid products of the same pathways, especially in triglyceride. Furthermore, the variations in larval fatty acid accumulation induced by maternal diet varied among females. Lipid metabolism altered by parental diet may have consequences for larval physiological processes and behavioral performance, which may ultimately influence larval survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxin Hou
- The University of Texas Marine Science Institute, 750 Channel View Drive, Port Aransas, TX, 78373, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Xiyuan Lu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dell Pediatric Research Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, 1400 Barbara Jordan Blvd., Austin, TX, 78723, USA
| | - Stefano Tiziani
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dell Pediatric Research Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, 1400 Barbara Jordan Blvd., Austin, TX, 78723, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Oncology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Lee A Fuiman
- The University of Texas Marine Science Institute, 750 Channel View Drive, Port Aransas, TX, 78373, USA
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Selection for high growth improves reproductive performance of gilthead seabream Sparus aurata under mass spawning conditions, regardless of the dietary lipid source. Anim Reprod Sci 2022; 241:106989. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2022.106989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Cardona E, Segret E, Cachelou Y, Vanderesse T, Larroquet L, Hermann A, Surget A, Corraze G, Cachelou F, Bobe J, Skiba-Cassy S. Effect of micro-algae Schizochytrium sp. supplementation in plant diet on reproduction of female rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): maternal programming impact of progeny. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:33. [PMID: 35264245 PMCID: PMC8908652 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00680-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The broodstock diet, and in particular the lipid and fatty acid composition of the diet, is known to play a key role in reproductive efficiency and survival of the progeny in fish. A major problem when replacing both fish meal and fish oil by plant sources is the lack of n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). To address this problem, we studied the effect of the plant-based diet supplemented with Schizochytrium sp. microalgae, source of DHA, compared to a conventional commercial diet rich in fish meal and fish oil on reproductive performance and egg quality and the consequences on progeny, in female rainbow trout broodstock. Results The results demonstrated that DHA-rich microalgae supplementation in a plant-based diet allowed for the maintenance of reproductive performance and egg quality comparable to a conventional commercial feed rich in fish meal and fish oil and led to an increased significant fry survival after resorption. Moreover, when females were fed a plant-based diet supplemented with micro-algae, the 4-month-old progenies showed a significant higher growth when they were challenged with a similar diet as broodstock during 1 month. We provide evidence for metabolic programming in which the maternal dietary induced significant protracted effects on lipid metabolism of progeny. Conclusions The present study demonstrates that supplementation of a plant-based diet with DHA-rich microalgae can be an effective alternative to fish meal and fish oil in rainbow trout broodstock aquafeed. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40104-022-00680-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Cardona
- INRAE, Univ. Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, NuMéA, F-64310, Saint Pée-sur-Nivelle, France. .,INRAE, UR1037 Fish Physiology and Genomic laboratory, F-35000, Rennes, France.
| | - Emilien Segret
- INRAE, UR1037 Fish Physiology and Genomic laboratory, F-35000, Rennes, France.,Viviers de Sarrance, F-64490, Sarrance, France
| | | | | | - Laurence Larroquet
- INRAE, Univ. Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, NuMéA, F-64310, Saint Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Alexandre Hermann
- INRAE, Univ. Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, NuMéA, F-64310, Saint Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Anne Surget
- INRAE, Univ. Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, NuMéA, F-64310, Saint Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Geneviève Corraze
- INRAE, Univ. Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, NuMéA, F-64310, Saint Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | | | - Julien Bobe
- INRAE, UR1037 Fish Physiology and Genomic laboratory, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Sandrine Skiba-Cassy
- INRAE, Univ. Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, NuMéA, F-64310, Saint Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
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10
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Akhtar MS, Tripathi PH, Pandey A, Ciji A. Transgenerational effects of β-glucan on thermal tolerance, growth performance, and immune gene expression of endangered cyprinid Tor putitora progeny. J Therm Biol 2021; 102:103120. [PMID: 34863483 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.103120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Nutritional programming signifies a process in which broodstock feeding approaches have long-term effects on the subsequent progeny. The present study aimed to elucidate whether supplementing golden mahseer, Tor putitora broodstock diets with β-glucan affects progeny growth performance, survival, thermal tolerance, and non-specific immunity. Initially, the growth performance of progeny produced from brooders fed with different levels of β-glucan was non-significant. However, on the 15th and 35th DPH, the maximum weight was observed in fry obtained from the brooders fed with 0.5% followed by 1.0% β-glucan. Furthermore, on 50th DPH, significantly higher weight was registered in the fry from the 0.5% β-glucan fed group while 1.0% β-glucan group had no transgenerational effect on growth. The condition factor of fry obtained from golden mahseer brooders fed with a 0.5% β-glucan diet was greater than the control and 1.0% β-glucan fed group. On the other hand, we did not find any significant transgenerational influence of β-glucan on the survival of the progeny. The thermal tolerance of fry produced from brooders fed with β-glucan was significantly modulated at both end-points (CTmax and CTmin). Expression of interleukin-1β was significantly up-regulated in fry obtained from β-glucan fed brooders. In contrast, the expression level of tumor necrosis factor-α was significantly higher only in fry produced from 1.0% β-glucan fed brooders. The expression of immunoglobulin light chain and serum amyloid A gene was significantly higher in fry produced from 0.5% β-glucan fed brooders. Overall results suggest that the dietary provisioning of β-glucan in golden mahseer brooders can be a strategy to produce healthy and robust fry in captivity for stock enhancement and conservation programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Akhtar
- ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Anusandhan Bhawan, Bhimtal, 263136, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Priyanka H Tripathi
- ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Anusandhan Bhawan, Bhimtal, 263136, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Anupam Pandey
- ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Anusandhan Bhawan, Bhimtal, 263136, Uttarakhand, India
| | - A Ciji
- ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Anusandhan Bhawan, Bhimtal, 263136, Uttarakhand, India.
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11
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Kumkhong S, Marandel L, Plagnes-Juan E, Veron V, Panserat S, Boonanuntanasarn S. Glucose injection into the yolk influences intermediary metabolism in adult Nile tilapia fed with high levels of carbohydrates. Animal 2021; 15:100347. [PMID: 34455154 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2021.100347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutritional programming is a concept proposed to be applied in the field of fish nutrition to improve the use of new diets in aquaculture. This study aimed to investigate for the first time the effects of a glucose injection into the yolk at the alevin stage on intermediary metabolism and growth in adult Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) at 32-37 weeks later in the life. The early stimulus was performed through direct microinjection of 2 M glucose into yolk sacs of Nile tilapia alevin. Subsequently, in adult tilapia, the long-term effects of glucose stimulus on growth performance, blood metabolites, chemical composition in the liver and muscle, expression of genes involved in glucose transport and metabolism (glycolysis and gluconeogenesis) and related pathways (amino acid catabolism and lipogenesis) were investigated. Our results showed that, even though early glucose injection had no effect on growth performance in adult fish, very few significant effects on glucose metabolism were observed. Furthermore, to evaluate the potential metabolic programming after a dietary challenge, a 2 × 2 factorial design with two early stimuli (0.85% NaCl or 2 M glucose) and two different dietary carbohydrate intakes (medium-carbohydrate diet, CHO-M; high-carbohydrate diet, CHO-H) was performed between weeks 33 and 37. As expected, compared with the CHO-M diet, the CHO-H diet led to decreased growth performance, higher glyceamia and triglyceridemia, higher glycogen and lipid levels in the liver as well as down-regulation of gluconeogenesis and amino acid catabolism gene expressions. More interestingly, although early glucose injection had no significant effect on growth performance, it enhanced the capacities for lipogenesis, glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, particularly in fish that were fed the CHO-H diet. Thus, the nutritional programming of tilapia linked to glucose injection into the yolk of alevins is always visible at the adult stage albeit less intense than what we previously observed in juvenile.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kumkhong
- School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - L Marandel
- INRAE, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, NuMéA, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - E Plagnes-Juan
- INRAE, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, NuMéA, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - V Veron
- INRAE, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, NuMéA, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - S Panserat
- INRAE, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, NuMéA, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - S Boonanuntanasarn
- School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand.
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12
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Transcriptomic profiling of Gh/Igf system reveals a prompted tissue-specific differentiation and novel hypoxia responsive genes in gilthead sea bream. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16466. [PMID: 34385497 PMCID: PMC8360970 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95408-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A customized PCR-array was used for the simultaneous gene expression of the Gh/Igf system and related markers of muscle growth, and lipid and energy metabolism during early life stages of gilthead sea bream (60–127 days posthatching). Also, transcriptional reprogramming by mild hypoxia was assessed in fingerling fish with different history trajectories on O2 availability during the same time window. In normoxic fish, the expression of almost all the genes in the array varied over time with a prompted liver and muscle tissue-specific differentiation, which also revealed temporal changes in the relative expression of markers of the full gilthead sea bream repertoire of Gh receptors, Igfs and Igf-binding proteins. Results supported a different contribution through development of ghr and igf subtypes on the type of action of GH via systemic or direct effects at the local tissue level. This was extensive to Igfbp1/2/4 and Igfbp3/5/6 clades that clearly evolved through development as hepatic and muscle Igfbp subtypes, respectively. This trade-off is however very plastic to cope changes in the environment, and ghr1 and igfbp1/3/4/5 emerged as hypoxic imprinting genes during critical early developmental windows leading to recognize individuals with different history trajectories of oxygen availability and metabolic capabilities later in life.
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13
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Patula S, Wojno M, Pinnell LJ, Oliaro F, Cabay C, Molinari GS, Kwasek K. Nutritional Programming with Dietary Soybean Meal and Its Effect on Gut Microbiota in Zebrafish ( Danio rerio). Zebrafish 2021; 18:125-138. [PMID: 33761297 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2020.1952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutritional programming (NP) is considered a promising approach that can counteract the negative effects of dietary plant protein (PP) by introducing PP to fish in the early developmental stages. Therefore the objective of our study was to assess the effect of NP on PP utilization and the gut microbiome in zebrafish Danio rerio. The study included four treatment groups: (1) a positive control group that received a fishmeal (FM) diet throughout the entire trial (+ control); (2) a negative control group that received PP diet throughout the entire trial (- control); (3) an NP group that received dietary PP during the larval stage followed by FM-based diet during the juvenile stage and PP diet again during a PP challenge in the grow-out phase (NP-PP); and (4) an FM-group that received FM-based diet during the larval and juvenile stages and was challenged with a PP diet during the grow-out phase (NP-FM). During the PP challenge, the NP-PP group achieved the highest weight gain compared to the (-) control and NP-FM groups. The relative abundance of certain phyla such as Chloroflexi, Planctomycetes, and Bacteroidetes presented higher values in some groups at early juvenile stage. The fish gut microbiome also presented differences throughout the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Patula
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
| | - Michal Wojno
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
| | - Lee J Pinnell
- A. Watson Armour III Center for Animal Health and Welfare, John G. Shedd Aquarium, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Frank Oliaro
- A. Watson Armour III Center for Animal Health and Welfare, John G. Shedd Aquarium, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Chrissy Cabay
- A. Watson Armour III Center for Animal Health and Welfare, John G. Shedd Aquarium, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Giovanni S Molinari
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
| | - Karolina Kwasek
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
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Zarantoniello M, Randazzo B, Cardinaletti G, Truzzi C, Chemello G, Riolo P, Olivotto I. Possible Dietary Effects of Insect-Based Diets across Zebrafish ( Danio rerio) Generations: A Multidisciplinary Study on the Larval Phase. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11030751. [PMID: 33803315 PMCID: PMC8000180 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Insects represent a valuable and sustainable alternative ingredient for aquafeed formulation. However, insect-based diets have often highlighted controversial results in different fish species, especially when high inclusion levels were used. Several studies have demonstrated that nutritional programming through parental feeding may allow the production of fish better adapted to use sub-optimal aquafeed ingredients. To date, this approach has never been explored on insect-based diets. In the present study, five experimental diets characterized by increasing fish meal substitution levels with full-fat Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens; BSF) prepupae meal (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) were used to investigate the effects of programming via broodstock nutrition on F1 zebrafish larvae development. The responses of offspring were assayed through biometric, gas chromatographic, histological, and molecular analyses. The results evidenced that the same BSF-based diets provided to adults were able to affect F1 zebrafish larvae fatty acid composition without impairing growth performances, hepatic lipid accumulation and gut health. Groups challenged with higher BSF inclusion with respect to fish meal (50%, 75% and 100%) showed a significant downregulation of stress response markers and a positive modulation of inflammatory cytokines gene expression. The present study evidences that nutritional programming through parental feeding may make it possible to extend the fish meal substitution level with BSF prepupae meal in the diet up to almost 100% without incurring the well-known negative side effects of BSF-based diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Zarantoniello
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (M.Z.); (B.R.); (C.T.); (G.C.)
| | - Basilio Randazzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (M.Z.); (B.R.); (C.T.); (G.C.)
| | - Gloriana Cardinaletti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agro-Alimentari, Ambientali e Animali (Di4A), Università di Udine, via Sondrio 2/A, 33100 Udine, Italy;
| | - Cristina Truzzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (M.Z.); (B.R.); (C.T.); (G.C.)
| | - Giulia Chemello
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (M.Z.); (B.R.); (C.T.); (G.C.)
| | - Paola Riolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Ike Olivotto
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (M.Z.); (B.R.); (C.T.); (G.C.)
- Correspondence:
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15
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Ferosekhan S, Turkmen S, Pérez-García C, Xu H, Gómez A, Shamna N, Afonso JM, Rosenlund G, Fontanillas R, Gracia A, Izquierdo M, Kaushik S. Influence of Genetic Selection for Growth and Broodstock Diet n-3 LC-PUFA Levels on Reproductive Performance of Gilthead Seabream, Sparus aurata. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11020519. [PMID: 33671379 PMCID: PMC7922623 DOI: 10.3390/ani11020519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Gilthead seabream (GSB) broodstock were genetically selected based on their growth trait either high growth (HG) or low growth (LG) to evaluate the reproductive performance of these both traits under either fish oil (FO) or vegetable oil (VO) based diets feeding regime. The egg and larval quality were significantly improved by the broodstock selected for HG trait fed under FO based diet. This indicates that broodstock selected with HG trait has positive influence on the improving sperm, egg and larval quality in gilthead seabream. Abstract Genetic selection in gilthead seabream (GSB), Sparus aurata, has been undertaken to improve the growth, feed efficiency, fillet quality, skeletal deformities and disease resistance, but no study is available to delineate the effect of genetic selection for growth trait on GSB reproductive performance under mass spawning condition. In this study, high growth (HG) or low growth (LG) GSB broodstock were selected to evaluate the sex steroid hormones, sperm, egg quality and reproductive performance under different feeding regime of commercial diet or experimental broodstock diet containing either fish oil (FO) or vegetable oil (VO) based diet. Under commercial diet feeding phase, broodstock selected for either high growth or low growth did not show any significant changes in the egg production per kg female whereas egg viability percentage was positively (p = 0.014) improved by the high growth trait broodstock group. The experimental diet feeding results revealed that both growth trait and dietary fatty acid composition influenced the reproductive performance of GSB broodstock. In the experimental diet feeding phase, we observed high growth trait GSB males produced a higher number of sperm cells (p < 0.001) and also showed a higher sperm motility (p = 0.048) percentage. The viable egg and larval production per spawn per kg female were significantly improved by the broodstock selected for high growth trait and fed with fish oil-based diet. This present study results signifies that gilthead seabream broodstock selected on growth trait could have positive role in improvement of sperm and egg quality to produce viable progeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shajahan Ferosekhan
- IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Taliarte, 35214 Telde, Spain; (S.T.); (C.P.-G.); (H.X.); (J.M.A.); (A.G.); (M.I.); (S.K.)
- ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar 751002, Odisha, India
- Correspondence:
| | - Serhat Turkmen
- IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Taliarte, 35214 Telde, Spain; (S.T.); (C.P.-G.); (H.X.); (J.M.A.); (A.G.); (M.I.); (S.K.)
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Cathaysa Pérez-García
- IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Taliarte, 35214 Telde, Spain; (S.T.); (C.P.-G.); (H.X.); (J.M.A.); (A.G.); (M.I.); (S.K.)
| | - Hanlin Xu
- IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Taliarte, 35214 Telde, Spain; (S.T.); (C.P.-G.); (H.X.); (J.M.A.); (A.G.); (M.I.); (S.K.)
| | - Ana Gómez
- Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal (IATS), CSIC, Ribera de Cabanes, 12595 Castellón, Spain;
| | - Nazeemashahul Shamna
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai 400061, Maharashtra, India;
| | - Juan Manuel Afonso
- IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Taliarte, 35214 Telde, Spain; (S.T.); (C.P.-G.); (H.X.); (J.M.A.); (A.G.); (M.I.); (S.K.)
| | - Grethe Rosenlund
- Skretting Aquaculture Research Centre, Sjohagen, 4016 Stavanger, Norway; (G.R.); (R.F.)
| | - Ramón Fontanillas
- Skretting Aquaculture Research Centre, Sjohagen, 4016 Stavanger, Norway; (G.R.); (R.F.)
| | - Anselmo Gracia
- IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Taliarte, 35214 Telde, Spain; (S.T.); (C.P.-G.); (H.X.); (J.M.A.); (A.G.); (M.I.); (S.K.)
| | - Marisol Izquierdo
- IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Taliarte, 35214 Telde, Spain; (S.T.); (C.P.-G.); (H.X.); (J.M.A.); (A.G.); (M.I.); (S.K.)
| | - Sadasivam Kaushik
- IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Taliarte, 35214 Telde, Spain; (S.T.); (C.P.-G.); (H.X.); (J.M.A.); (A.G.); (M.I.); (S.K.)
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16
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Turkmen S, Zamorano MJ, Xu H, Fernández-Palacios H, Robaina L, Kaushik S, Izquierdo M. Parental LC-PUFA biosynthesis capacity and nutritional intervention with alpha-linolenic acid affect performance of Sparus aurata progeny. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 223:jeb.214999. [PMID: 33077642 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.214999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Environmental factors such as nutritional interventions during early developmental stages affect and establish long-term metabolic changes in all animals. Diet during the spawning period has a nutritional programming effect in offspring of gilthead seabream and affects long-term metabolism. Studies showed modulation of genes such as fads2, which is considered to be a rate-limiting step in the synthesis of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA). However, it is still unknown whether this adaptation is related to the presence of precursors or to limitations in the pre-formed products, n-3 LC-PUFA, contained in the diets used during nutritional programming. This study investigated the combined effects of nutritional programming on Sparus aurata through broodstock diets during the spawning period and in broodfish showing higher or lower fads2 expression levels in the blood after 1 month of feeding with a diet containing high levels of plant protein sources and vegetable oils (VM/VO). Broodfish showing high fads2 expression had a noticeable improvement in spawning quality parameters as well as in the growth of 6 month old offspring when challenged with a high VM/VO diet. Further, nutritional conditioning with 18:3n-3-rich diets had an adverse effect in comparison to progeny obtained from fish fed high fish meal and fish oil (FM/FO) diets, with a reduction in growth of juveniles. Improved growth of progeny from the high fads2 broodstock combined with similar muscle fatty acid profiles is also an excellent option for tailoring and increasing the flesh n-3 LC-PUFA levels to meet the recommended dietary allowances for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serhat Turkmen
- Aquaculture Research Group (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Crta. Taliarte s/n, 35214 Telde, Spain .,Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Maria J Zamorano
- Aquaculture Research Group (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Crta. Taliarte s/n, 35214 Telde, Spain
| | - Hanlin Xu
- Aquaculture Research Group (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Crta. Taliarte s/n, 35214 Telde, Spain
| | - Hipólito Fernández-Palacios
- Aquaculture Research Group (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Crta. Taliarte s/n, 35214 Telde, Spain
| | - Lidia Robaina
- Aquaculture Research Group (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Crta. Taliarte s/n, 35214 Telde, Spain
| | - Sadasivam Kaushik
- Aquaculture Research Group (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Crta. Taliarte s/n, 35214 Telde, Spain
| | - Marisol Izquierdo
- Aquaculture Research Group (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Crta. Taliarte s/n, 35214 Telde, Spain
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17
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Influence of Parental Fatty Acid Desaturase 2 ( fads2) Expression and Diet on Gilthead Seabream ( Sparus aurata) Offspring fads2 Expression during Ontogenesis. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10112191. [PMID: 33238560 PMCID: PMC7700513 DOI: 10.3390/ani10112191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The present study was on the gene expression of a rate-limiting enzyme in long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs), fatty acyl desaturase 2 (fads2), throughout the embryonic development of a gilthead sea bream. The results showed a maternal transfer of fads2 mRNA to the developing oocyte. The embryonic fads2 expression might start after the neurula stage. No effect was found in fads2 expression in developing eggs from broodstock fed with a diet rich in rapeseed oil or fish oil. The present study provides information on the change of LC-PUFA biosynthesis during embryogenesis. Abstract Previous studies have shown that it is possible to increase the ability of marine fish to produce long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid from their 18C precursors by nutritional programming or using broodstock with a higher fatty acyl desaturase 2 (fads2) expression. However, those studies failed to show the effect of these interventions on the expression of the fads2 gene in the developing egg. Moreover, there were no studies on the temporal expression of the fads2 during ontogeny in the gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). In order to determine the changes in expression of fads2 during ontogeny, gilthead sea bream broodstock with a high (HRO) or low (LRO) fads2 expression fed a diet previously used for nutritional programming, or a fish oil-based diet (LFO) were allowed to spawn. The samples were taken at the stages of spawning, morula, high blastula, gastrula, neurula, heart beating, hatch and 3 day-old first exogenous feeding larvae to determine fads2 expression throughout embryonic development. The results showed the presence of fads2 mRNA in the just spawned egg, denoting the maternal mRNA transfer to the developing oocyte. Later, fads2 expression increased after the neurula, from heart beating until 3-day-old larvae, denoting the transition from maternal to embryonic gene expression. In addition, the eggs obtained from broodstock with high fads2 expression showed a high docosahexaenoic acid content, which correlated with the downregulation of the fads2 expression found in the developing embryo and larvae. Finally, feeding with the nutritional programming diet with the partial replacement of fish oil by rapeseed oil did not affect the long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) contents nor fads2 expression in the gilthead sea bream developing eggs.
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18
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Ferosekhan S, Xu H, Turkmen S, Gómez A, Afonso JM, Fontanillas R, Rosenlund G, Kaushik S, Izquierdo M. Reproductive performance of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) broodstock showing different expression of fatty acyl desaturase 2 and fed two dietary fatty acid profiles. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15547. [PMID: 32968090 PMCID: PMC7512018 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72166-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that it is possible to nutritionally program gilthead seabream offspring through fish oil (FO) replacement by vegetable oils (VO) in the broodstock diet, to improve their ability to grow fast when fed low fish meal (FM) and FO diets during grow-out phase. However, in those studies broodstock performance was reduced by the VO contained diet. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine if it is possible to replace FO by a mixture of FO and rapeseed oil (RO) with a specific fatty acid profile in broodstock diets, without altering gilthead seabream broodstock reproductive performance. Besides, the study also aimed to evaluate the reproductive performance of broodstock with different expression of fatty acid desaturase 2 gene (fads2) a key enzyme in synthesis of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. For that purpose, broodfish having either a high (HD) or low (LD) expression of fads2 were fed for three months during the spawning season with two diets containing different fatty acid profiles and their effects on reproductive hormones, fecundity, sperm and egg quality, egg biochemical composition and fads2 expression were studied. The results showed that blood fads2 expression in females, which tended to be higher than in males, was positively related to plasma 17β-estradiol levels. Moreover, broodstock with high blood fads2 expression showed a better reproductive performance, in terms of fecundity and sperm and egg quality, which was correlated with female fads2 expression. Our data also showed that it is feasible to reduce ARA, EPA and DHA down to 0.43, 6.6 and 8.4% total fatty acids, respectively, in broodstock diets designed to induce nutritional programming effects in the offspring without adverse effects on spawning quality. Further studies are being conducted to test the offspring with low FM and FO diets along life span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shajahan Ferosekhan
- Aquaculture Research Group (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain. .,ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
| | - Hanlin Xu
- Aquaculture Research Group (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Serhat Turkmen
- Aquaculture Research Group (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain.,Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Ana Gómez
- Institute of Aquaculture Torre de La Sal (IATS), CSIC, Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Afonso
- Aquaculture Research Group (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain
| | | | | | - Sadasivam Kaushik
- Aquaculture Research Group (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Marisol Izquierdo
- Aquaculture Research Group (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain
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Ferosekhan S, Turkmen S, Xu H, Afonso JM, Zamorano MJ, Kaushik S, Izquierdo M. The Relationship between the Expression of Fatty Acyl Desaturase 2 ( fads2) Gene in Peripheral Blood Cells (PBCs) and Liver in Gilthead Seabream, Sparus aurata Broodstock Fed a Low n-3 LC-PUFA Diet. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:life10070117. [PMID: 32707702 PMCID: PMC7400341 DOI: 10.3390/life10070117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The principle aim of this study is to elucidate the relationship between the fatty acid desaturase 2 gene (fads2) expression pattern in peripheral blood cells (PBCs) and liver of gilthead seabream (GSB), Sparus aurata broodstock in order to determine the possible use of fads2 expression as a potential biomarker for the selection of broodstock. This selection could be utilized for breeding programs aiming to improve reproduction, health, and nutritional status. Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT)-tagged GSB broodstock (Male-1.22 ± 0.20 kg; 44.8 ± 2 cm and female-2.36 ± 0.64 kg; 55.1 cm) were fed a diet containing low levels of fish meal and fish oil (EPA 2.5; DHA 1.7 and n-3 LC-PUFA 4.6% TFA) for one month. After the feeding period, fads2 expression in PBCs and liver of both male and female broodstock were highly significantly correlated (r = 0.89; p < 0.001). Additionally, in male broodstock, liver fads2 expression was significantly correlated (p < 0.05) to liver contents in 16:0 (r = 0.95; p = 0.04) and total saturates (r = 0.97; p = 0.03) as well as to 20:3n–6/20:2n–6 (r = 0.98; p = 0.02) a Fads2 product/precursor ratio. Overall, we found a positive and significant correlation between fads2 expression levels in the PBCs and liver of GSB broodstock. PBCs fads2 expression levels indicate a strong potential for utilization as a non-invasive method to select animals having increased fatty acid bioconversion capability, better able to deal with diets free of fish meal and fish oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shajahan Ferosekhan
- Aquaculture Research Group (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35214 Telde, Spain; (S.T.); (H.X.); (J.M.A.); (M.J.Z.); (S.K.); (M.I.)
- ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar 751002, India
- Correspondence:
| | - Serhat Turkmen
- Aquaculture Research Group (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35214 Telde, Spain; (S.T.); (H.X.); (J.M.A.); (M.J.Z.); (S.K.); (M.I.)
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Hanlin Xu
- Aquaculture Research Group (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35214 Telde, Spain; (S.T.); (H.X.); (J.M.A.); (M.J.Z.); (S.K.); (M.I.)
| | - Juan Manuel Afonso
- Aquaculture Research Group (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35214 Telde, Spain; (S.T.); (H.X.); (J.M.A.); (M.J.Z.); (S.K.); (M.I.)
| | - Maria Jesus Zamorano
- Aquaculture Research Group (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35214 Telde, Spain; (S.T.); (H.X.); (J.M.A.); (M.J.Z.); (S.K.); (M.I.)
| | - Sadasivam Kaushik
- Aquaculture Research Group (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35214 Telde, Spain; (S.T.); (H.X.); (J.M.A.); (M.J.Z.); (S.K.); (M.I.)
| | - Marisol Izquierdo
- Aquaculture Research Group (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35214 Telde, Spain; (S.T.); (H.X.); (J.M.A.); (M.J.Z.); (S.K.); (M.I.)
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Yıldız M, Ofori-Mensah S, Arslan M, Ekici A, Yamaner G, Baltacı MA, Tacer Ş, Korkmaz F. Effects of different dietary oils on egg quality and reproductive performance in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Anim Reprod Sci 2020; 221:106545. [PMID: 32861109 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2020.106545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The study was conducted to evaluate effects of different dietary oils on egg quality and reproductive performance in rainbow trout. Broodfish (≈ 870 g) were fed four iso-nitrogenous and iso-lipidic diets differing in lipid sources: fish oil (FO), linseed oil (LO) and sesame oil (SO) as well as a commercial trout diet (CD) for about 5 months prior to spawning. Growth performance did not differ among the trout in the treatment groups. Mean diameter, volume and weight of eggs did not differ among the dietary treatments. Absolute fecundity, relative fecundity and gonadosomatic index were not affected by dietary treatment. A sub-set of eggs from females fed the experimental diets were fertilized to assess the reproductive performance of broodfish. When diets were fed, devoid of fish oil, fertilization rates were 89.2 ± 5.8 and 92.1 ± 4.9 %, eyeing rates were 87.3 ± 5.3 and 84.1 ± 4.4 % and hatching rates were 81.2 ± 4.3 and 78.3 ± 3.4 % in LO and SO fed fish, respectively. Fatty acid content of the eggs from broodstocks with a different nutritional history was affected by the dietary lipid sources. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), arachidonic acid (ARA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) concentrations in females fed vegetable oil based diets were greater than the dietary concentrations. Overall, results from the present study indicate there can be inclusion of LO or SO as dietary lipid sources without compromising egg quality and reproductive performance. Furthermore, there is efficient bioconversion of 18C fatty acids to 20-22 C fatty acids in rainbow trout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Yıldız
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Aquatic Sciences, Department of Aquaculture and Fish Diseases, Ordu Cad., No: 200, 34470, Laleli-Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Samuel Ofori-Mensah
- Istanbul University, Institute of Graduate Studies in Science and Engineering, Department of Aquaculture and Fish Diseases, Vezneciler-Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Arslan
- Ataturk University, Faculty of Fisheries, Department of Aquaculture, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Aygül Ekici
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Aquatic Sciences, Department of Aquaculture and Fish Diseases, Ordu Cad., No: 200, 34470, Laleli-Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Güneş Yamaner
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Aquatic Sciences, Department of Aquaculture and Fish Diseases, Ordu Cad., No: 200, 34470, Laleli-Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - M Ali Baltacı
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Aquatic Sciences, Sapanca Inland Waters Research Center, Kurtköy, Sapanca, Adapazari, Turkey
| | - Şeyda Tacer
- Ataturk University, Faculty of Fisheries, Department of Aquaculture, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Fatih Korkmaz
- Ataturk University, Faculty of Fisheries, Department of Aquaculture, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
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Molinari GS, McCracken VJ, Wojno M, Rimoldi S, Terova G, Kwasek K. Can intestinal absorption of dietary protein be improved through early exposure to plant-based diet? PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228758. [PMID: 32497052 PMCID: PMC7272038 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutritional Programming (NP) has been studied as a means of mitigating the negative effects of dietary plant protein (PP), but the optimal timing and mechanism behind NP are still unknown. The objectives of this study were: 1) To determine whether zebrafish (Danio rerio) can be programmed to soybean meal (SBM) through early feeding and broodstock exposure to improve SBM utilization; 2) To determine if NP in zebrafish affects expression of genes associated with intestinal nutrient uptake; 3) To determine if early stage NP and/or broodstock affects gene expression associated with intestinal inflammation or any morphological changes in the intestinal tract that might improve dietary SBM utilization. Two broodstocks were used to form the six experimental groups. One broodstock group received fishmeal (FM) diet (FMBS), while the other was fed ("programmed with") SBM diet (PPBS). The first ((+) Control) and the second group ((-) Control) received FM and SBM diet for the entire study, respectively, and were progeny of FMBS. The last four groups consisted of a non-programmed (FMBS-X-PP and PPBS-X-PP) and a programmed group (FMBS-NP-PP and PPBS-NP-PP) from each of the broodstocks. The programming occurred through feeding with SBM diet during 13-23 dph. The non-control groups underwent a PP-Challenge, receiving SBM diet during 36-60 dph. During the PP-Challenge, both PPBS groups experienced significantly lower weight gains than the (+) Control group. NP in early life stages significantly increased the expression of PepT1 in PPBS-NP-PP, compared to PPBS-X-PP. NP also tended to increase the expression of fabp2 in the programmed vs. non-programmed groups of both broodstocks. The highest distal villus length-to-width ratio was observed in the dual-programmed group, suggesting an increase in surface area for nutrient absorption within the intestine. The results of this study suggest that NP during early life stages may increase intestinal absorption of nutrients from PP-based feeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni S. Molinari
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Vance J. McCracken
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Michal Wojno
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Simona Rimoldi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Genciana Terova
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Karolina Kwasek
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Kwasek K, Wojno M, Iannini F, McCracken VJ, Molinari GS, Terova G. Nutritional programming improves dietary plant protein utilization in zebrafish Danio rerio. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0225917. [PMID: 32142555 PMCID: PMC7059923 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutritional Programming (NP) has been shown to counteract the negative effects of dietary plant protein (PP) by introducing PP at an early age towards enhancement of PP utilization during later life stages. This study explored the effect of NP and its induction time on growth, expression of appetite-stimulating hormones, and any morphological changes in the gut possibly responsible for improved dietary PP utilization. At 3 days post-hatch (dph) zebrafish were distributed into 12 (3 L) tanks, 100 larvae per tank. This study included four groups: 1) The control (NP-FM) group received fishmeal (FM)-based diet from 13–36 dph and was challenged with PP-based diet during 36–66 dph; 2) The NP-PP group received NP with dietary PP in larval stage via live food enrichment during 3–13 dph followed by FM diet during 13–36 dph and PP diet during 36–66 dph; 3) The T-NP group received NP between 13–23 dph through PP diet followed by FM diet during 23–36 dph and PP diet during 36–66 dph; and 4) The PP group received PP diet from 13–66 dph. During the PP challenge the T-NP group achieved the highest weight gain compared to control and PP. Ghrelin expression in the brain was higher in T-NP compared to NP-FM and NP-PP, while in the gut it was reduced in both NP-PP and T-NP groups. Cholecystokinin expression showed an opposite trend to ghrelin. The brain neuropeptide Y expression was lower in NP-PP compared to PP but not different with NP-FM and T-NP groups. The highest villus length to width ratio in the middle intestine was found in T-NP compared to all other groups. The study suggests that NP induced during juvenile stages improves zebrafish growth and affects digestive hormone regulation and morphology of the intestinal lining–possible mechanisms behind the improved PP utilization in pre-adult zebrafish stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Kwasek
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University-Carbondale, Carbondale, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Michal Wojno
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University-Carbondale, Carbondale, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Federica Iannini
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Vance J. McCracken
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University-Edwardsville, Edwardsville, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Giovanni S. Molinari
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University-Carbondale, Carbondale, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Genciana Terova
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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Luo R, Zheng Z, Yang C, Zhang X, Cheng L, Su G, Bai C, Li G. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Provides Insights into the Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Synthesis Regulation of Fat-1 Transgenic Sheep. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21031121. [PMID: 32046209 PMCID: PMC7038019 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Transgenic technology has huge application potential in agriculture and medical fields, such as producing new livestock varieties with new valuable features and xenotransplantation. However, how an exogenous gene affects the host animal’s gene regulation networks and their health status is still poorly understood. In the current study, Fat-1 transgenic sheep were generated, and the tissues from 100-day abnormal (DAF_1) and normal (DAF_2) fetuses, postnatal lambs (DAF_4), transgenic-silencing (DAFG5), and -expressing (DAFG6) skin cells were collected and subjected to transcriptome sequencing, and their gene expression profiles were compared in multiple dimensions. The results were as follows. For DAF_1, its abnormal development was caused by pathogen invasion but not the introduction of the Fat-1 gene. Fat-1 expression down-regulated the genes related to the cell cycle; the NF-κB signaling pathway and the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway were down-regulated, and the PUFAs (polyunsaturated fatty acids) biosynthesis pathway was shifted toward the biosynthesis of high-level n-3 LC-PUFAs (long-chain PUFAs). Four key node genes, FADS2, PPARA, PRKACA, and ACACA, were found to be responsible for the gene expression profile shift from the Fat-1 transgenic 100-day fetus to postnatal lamb, and FADS2 may play a key role in the accumulation of n-3 LC-PUFAs in Fat-1 transgenic sheep muscle. Our study provides new insights into the FUFAs synthesis regulation in Fat-1 transgenic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongsong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China; (R.L.); (Z.Z.); (X.Z.); (L.C.); (G.S.); (G.L.)
| | - Zhong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China; (R.L.); (Z.Z.); (X.Z.); (L.C.); (G.S.); (G.L.)
| | - Chunrong Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China;
| | - Xiaoran Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China; (R.L.); (Z.Z.); (X.Z.); (L.C.); (G.S.); (G.L.)
| | - Lei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China; (R.L.); (Z.Z.); (X.Z.); (L.C.); (G.S.); (G.L.)
- College of Innovation Technology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Guanghua Su
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China; (R.L.); (Z.Z.); (X.Z.); (L.C.); (G.S.); (G.L.)
| | - Chunling Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China; (R.L.); (Z.Z.); (X.Z.); (L.C.); (G.S.); (G.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0471-5298-583
| | - Guangpeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China; (R.L.); (Z.Z.); (X.Z.); (L.C.); (G.S.); (G.L.)
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Smichi N, Parsiegla G, Achouri N, Zarai Z, Abousalham A, Fendri A. Intestinal phospholipase A 2 from Sparidae species: Functional properties and cytotoxic potential evaluation. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 143:881-890. [PMID: 31739040 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Marine species have gained significant attention as potential source for a broad spectrum of bioactive proteins. Fish phospholipases A2 (PLA2) have attracted renewed interest due to their excellent properties in lipid digestion. Herein, we report for the first time the catalytic properties of two intestinal secreted PLA2 (sPLA2) identified from Diplodus sargus (IDsPLA2) and Sparus aurata (ISaPLA2). The highest sequence identity was obtained with recently isolated Sparidae digestive PLA2 (45%) and Human pancreatic PLA2 (42%). IDsPLA2 and ISaPLA2 were overexpressed in E. coli as inclusion bodies, refolded and purified. Both enzymes have improved thermostability compared to mammalian pancreatic sPLA2 since they are active and stable at 55 °C, with specific activities of 320 and 190 U mg-1 measured on phosphatidylcholine, respectively. Interestingly, IDsPLA2, but not ISaPLA2, revealed weak toxicity towards macrophages and suggests its involvement in cell membrane degradation. ISaPLA2 was found to be more active than IDsPLA2 when using the monolayer technique at 20 mN m-1. Structural models of both enzymes revealed their differences. In silico docking of phospholipids with both models allowed proposing key amino-acids in substrate binding and selectivity. Overall, these results provide insight into the enzymatic and structural properties of two novel sPLA2 with potential for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil Smichi
- University of Sfax, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Enzymatic Engineering of Lipases, ENIS, BP 3038 Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Goetz Parsiegla
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Bioénergétique et Ingénierie des Protéines UMR 7281, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13402 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Neila Achouri
- University of Sfax, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Enzymatic Engineering of Lipases, ENIS, BP 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Zied Zarai
- University of Sfax, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Enzymatic Engineering of Lipases, ENIS, BP 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Abdelkarim Abousalham
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Institut de Chimie et de Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, UMR 5246, Métabolisme, Enzymes et Mécanismes Moléculaires (MEM2), 43, Bd du 11 novembre 1918, F-69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Ahmed Fendri
- University of Sfax, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Enzymatic Engineering of Lipases, ENIS, BP 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
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Turkmen S, Perera E, Zamorano MJ, Simó-Mirabet P, Xu H, Pérez-Sánchez J, Izquierdo M. Effects of Dietary Lipid Composition and Fatty Acid Desaturase 2 Expression in Broodstock Gilthead Sea Bream on Lipid Metabolism-Related Genes and Methylation of the fads2 Gene Promoter in Their Offspring. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246250. [PMID: 31835772 PMCID: PMC6940931 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in parental diets play a key role in regulating n-3 LC-PUFA metabolism of the offspring. However, it is not clear whether this metabolic regulation is driven by the precursors presented in the diet or by the parental ability to synthesize them. To elucidate this, broodstocks of gilthead sea bream with different blood expression levels of fads2, which encodes for the rate-limiting enzyme in the n-3 LC-PUFA synthesis pathway, were fed either a diet supplemented with alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n-3) or a control diet. The progenies obtained from these four experimental groups were then challenged with a low LC-PUFA diet at the juvenile stage. Results showed that the offspring from parents with high fads2 expression presented higher growth and improved utilization of low n-3 LC-PUFA diets compared to the offspring from parents with low fads2 expression. Besides, an ALA-rich diet during the gametogenesis caused negative effects on the growth of the offspring. The epigenetic analysis demonstrated that methylation in the promoter of fads2 of the offspring was correlated with the parental fads2 expression levels and type of the broodstock diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serhat Turkmen
- Aquaculture Research Group (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Crta. Taliarte s/n, 35214 Telde, Spain; (M.J.Z.); (H.X.); (M.I.)
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35294, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(205)-212-01-04
| | - Erick Perera
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal, IATS-CSIC, Ribera de Cabanes s/n, 12595 Castellón, Spain; (E.P.); (P.S.-M.); (J.P.-S.)
| | - Maria J. Zamorano
- Aquaculture Research Group (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Crta. Taliarte s/n, 35214 Telde, Spain; (M.J.Z.); (H.X.); (M.I.)
| | - Paula Simó-Mirabet
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal, IATS-CSIC, Ribera de Cabanes s/n, 12595 Castellón, Spain; (E.P.); (P.S.-M.); (J.P.-S.)
| | - Hanlin Xu
- Aquaculture Research Group (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Crta. Taliarte s/n, 35214 Telde, Spain; (M.J.Z.); (H.X.); (M.I.)
| | - Jaume Pérez-Sánchez
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal, IATS-CSIC, Ribera de Cabanes s/n, 12595 Castellón, Spain; (E.P.); (P.S.-M.); (J.P.-S.)
| | - Marisol Izquierdo
- Aquaculture Research Group (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Crta. Taliarte s/n, 35214 Telde, Spain; (M.J.Z.); (H.X.); (M.I.)
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Perera E, Turkmen S, Simó-Mirabet P, Zamorano MJ, Xu H, Naya-Català F, Izquierdo M, Pérez-Sánchez J. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase ( scd1a) is epigenetically regulated by broodstock nutrition in gilthead sea bream ( Sparus aurata). Epigenetics 2019; 15:536-553. [PMID: 31790638 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2019.1699982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to generate new knowledge on fish epigenetics, assessing the effects of linolenic acid (ALA) conditioning of broodstock in the offspring of the marine fish Sparus aurata. Attention was focused on gene organization, methylation signatures and gene expression patterns of fatty acid desaturase 2 (fads2) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1a (scd1a). Blat searches in the genomic IATS-CSIC database (www.nutrigroup-iats.org/seabreamdb) highlighted a conserved exon-intron organization, a conserved PUFA response region, and CG islands at the promoter regions of each gene. The analysed CpG positions in the fads2 promoter were mostly hypomethylated and refractory to broodstock nutrition. The same response was achieved after conditioning of juvenile fish to low water oxygen concentrations, thus methylation susceptibility at individual CpG sites seems to be stringently regulated in fish of different origin and growth trajectories. Conversely, the scd1a promoter was responsive to broodstock nutrition and the offspring of parents fed the ALA-rich diet shared an increased DNA-methylation, mainly in CpG sites neighbouring SP1 and HNF4α binding sites. Cytosine methylation at these sites correlated inversely with the hepatic scd1a expression of the offspring. Co-expression analyses supported that the HNF4α-dependent regulation of scd1a is affected by DNA methylation. The phenotypic output is a regulated liver fat deposition through changes in scd1 expression, which would also allow the preservation of fatty acid unsaturation levels in fish fed reduced levels of n-3 LC-PUFA. Collectively, these findings reveal a reliable mechanism by which parent's nutrition can shape scd1a gene expression in the fish offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick Perera
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal, IATS-CSIC, Castellón, Spain
| | - Serhat Turkmen
- Aquaculture Research Group (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Telde, Spain
| | - Paula Simó-Mirabet
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal, IATS-CSIC, Castellón, Spain
| | - Maria J Zamorano
- Aquaculture Research Group (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Telde, Spain
| | - Hanlin Xu
- Aquaculture Research Group (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Telde, Spain
| | - Fernando Naya-Català
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal, IATS-CSIC, Castellón, Spain
| | - Marisol Izquierdo
- Aquaculture Research Group (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Telde, Spain
| | - Jaume Pérez-Sánchez
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal, IATS-CSIC, Castellón, Spain
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Agh N, Jafari F, Jalili R, Noori F, Mozanzadeh MT. Replacing Dietary Fish Oil with Vegetable Oil Blends in Female Rainbow Trout Brood Stock Does Not Affect Breeding Quality. Lipids 2019; 54:149-161. [PMID: 30891788 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
To determine the effects of replacing fish oil (FO) with a mixture of vegetable oils (VO) in plant protein-rich diets on reproductive performance, the fatty acid profile of embryos as well as health indices of female rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) brooders (initial mean body weight, 1.8 ± 0.1 kg), a 3-month feeding trial was conducted. Four isoproteic (ca. 42%) and isoenergetic (ca. 20 MJ/kg) diets were formulated in which 50% (FO50/VO50), 75% (FO25/VO75), and 100% (VO100) of FO were replaced by a mixture of VO, whereas the control diet (FO100) was prepared with FO as the major source of lipid. Fish fed the VO100 had the lowest fertilization (73.0 ± 2.5%), survival at eyed-embryo stage (62.5 ± 5.0%), and hatching rate (56.0 ± 4.7%) rates. Brood fish fed the FO50/VO50, FO25/VO50, and VO100 diets had higher levels of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids in embryos in comparison with fish fed FO100 diet. The levels of docosahexaenoic acid of embryos gradually decreased during embryogenesis in all treatments, whereas the concentrations of eicosapentaenoic acid was greatly increased at hatching day (35 days after spawning). Regarding serum biochemical parameters, fish fed the VO100 diet had the highest serum glucose, cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein levels. The results of the current study revealed that replacement of dietary FO with a mixture of VO up to 75% did not have any adverse effects on reproductive performance and health indices of O. mykiss females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naser Agh
- Artemia and Aquaculture Research Institute, Urmia University, Dr. Beheshty Avenue, Urmia, 5717944514, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Jafari
- Artemia and Aquaculture Research Institute, Urmia University, Dr. Beheshty Avenue, Urmia, 5717944514, Iran
| | - Reza Jalili
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Urmia University, University Avenue, Serow Road, Urmia, 5756151818, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Noori
- Artemia and Aquaculture Research Institute, Urmia University, Dr. Beheshty Avenue, Urmia, 5717944514, Iran
| | - Mansour T Mozanzadeh
- South Iran Aquaculture Research Centre, Iranian Fisheries Science Institute (IFSRI), Agricultural Research Education and Extension organization (AREEO), Ahwaz, Iran
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Long-chain PUFA profiles in parental diets induce long-term effects on growth, fatty acid profiles, expression of fatty acid desaturase 2 and selected immune system-related genes in the offspring of gilthead seabream. Br J Nutr 2019; 122:25-38. [PMID: 31266551 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114519000977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of nutritional programming through parental feeding on offspring performance and expression of selected genes related to stress resistance in a marine teleost. Gilthead seabream broodstock were fed diets containing various fish oil (FO)/vegetable oil ratios to determine their effects on offspring performance along embryogenesis, larval development and juvenile on-growing periods. Increased substitution of dietary FO by linseed oil (LO) up to 80 % LO significantly reduced the total number of eggs produced by kg per female per spawn. Moreover, at 30 d after hatching, parental feeding with increasing LO up to 80 % led to up-regulation of the fatty acyl desaturase 2 gene (fads2) that was correlated with the increase in conversion rates of related PUFA. Besides, cyclo-oxygenase 2 (cox2) and TNF-α (tnf-α) gene expression was also up-regulated by the increase in LO in broodstock diets up to 60 or 80 %, respectively. When 4-month-old offspring were challenged with diets having different levels of FO, the lowest growth was found in juveniles from broodstock fed 100 % FO. An increase in LO levels in the broodstock diet up to 60LO raised LC-PUFA levels in the juveniles, regardless of the juvenile's diet. The results showed that it is possible to nutritionally programme gilthead seabream offspring through the modification of the fatty acid profiles of parental diets to improve the growth performance of juveniles fed low FO diets, inducing long-term changes in PUFA metabolism with up-regulation of fads2 expression. The present study provided the first pieces of evidence of the up-regulation of immune system-related genes in the offspring of parents fed increased FO replacement by LO.
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Torno C, Staats S, Fickler A, de Pascual-Teresa S, Soledad Izquierdo M, Rimbach G, Schulz C. Combined effects of nutritional, biochemical and environmental stimuli on growth performance and fatty acid composition of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216611. [PMID: 31086380 PMCID: PMC6516738 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The reliance of the aquafeed industry on marine resources has to be reduced by innovative approaches in fish nutrition. Thus, a three-factorial approach (fish oil reduced diet, phytochemical genistein, and temperature reduction) was chosen to investigate the interaction of effects on growth performance and tissue omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) levels in juvenile sea bream (Sparus aurata, 12.5 ± 2.2 g). Genistein is a phytoestrogen with estrogen-like activity and thus LC-PUFA increasing potential. A decrease in the rearing temperature was chosen based on the positive effects of low temperature on fish lipid quality. The experimental diets were reduced in marine ingredients and had a fish oil content of either 6% dry matter (DM; F6: positive control) or 2% DM (F2: negative control) and were administered in the plain variant or with inclusion of 0.15% DM genistein (F6 + G and F2 + G). The feeding trial was performed simultaneously at 23°C and 19°C. The results indicated that solely temperature had a significant effect on growth performance and whole body nutrient composition of sea bream. Nevertheless, the interaction of all three factors significantly affected the fatty acid compositions of liver and fillet tissue. Most importantly, they led to a significant increase by 4.3% of fillet LC-PUFA content in sea bream fed with the diet F6 + G in comparison to control fish fed diet F6, when both groups were held at 19°C. It is hypothesized that genistein can act via estrogen-like as well as other mechanisms and that the dietary LC-PUFA content may impact its mode of action. Temperature most likely exhibited its effects indirectly via altered growth rates and metabolism. Although effects of all three factors and of genistein in particular were only marginal, they highlight a possibility to utilize the genetic capacity of sea bream to improve tissue lipid quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Torno
- GMA—Gesellschaft für Marine Aquakultur mbH, Büsum, Germany
- Marine Aquaculture Research Group, Institute of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Faculty of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Stefanie Staats
- Food Science Research Group, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anna Fickler
- GMA—Gesellschaft für Marine Aquakultur mbH, Büsum, Germany
- Marine Aquaculture Research Group, Institute of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Faculty of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sonia de Pascual-Teresa
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Food Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN–CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Soledad Izquierdo
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), Instituto Universitario Ecoaqua, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Telde, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Gerald Rimbach
- Food Science Research Group, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Carsten Schulz
- GMA—Gesellschaft für Marine Aquakultur mbH, Büsum, Germany
- Marine Aquaculture Research Group, Institute of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Faculty of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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Panserat S, Marandel L, Seiliez I, Skiba-Cassy S. New Insights on Intermediary Metabolism for a Better Understanding of Nutrition in Teleosts. Annu Rev Anim Biosci 2019; 7:195-220. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-animal-020518-115250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The rapid development of aquaculture production throughout the world over the past few decades has led to the emergence of new scientific challenges to improve fish nutrition. The diet formulations used for farmed fish have been largely modified in the past few years. However, bottlenecks still exist in being able to suppress totally marine resources (fish meal and fish oil) in diets without negatively affecting growth performance and flesh quality. A better understanding of fish metabolism and its regulation by nutrients is thus mandatory. In this review, we discuss four fields of research that are highly important for improving fish nutrition in the future: ( a) fish genome complexity and subsequent consequences for metabolism, ( b) microRNAs (miRNAs) as new actors in regulation of fish metabolism, ( c) the role of autophagy in regulation of fish metabolism, and ( d) the nutritional programming of metabolism linked to the early life of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Panserat
- INRA, University of Pau & Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR1419 Nutrition, Metabolisme, Aquaculture, Aquapôle, F-64310 Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - L. Marandel
- INRA, University of Pau & Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR1419 Nutrition, Metabolisme, Aquaculture, Aquapôle, F-64310 Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - I. Seiliez
- INRA, University of Pau & Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR1419 Nutrition, Metabolisme, Aquaculture, Aquapôle, F-64310 Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - S. Skiba-Cassy
- INRA, University of Pau & Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR1419 Nutrition, Metabolisme, Aquaculture, Aquapôle, F-64310 Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
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Torno C, Staats S, Michl SC, de Pascual-Teresa S, Izquierdo M, Rimbach G, Schulz C. Fatty Acid Composition and Fatty Acid Associated Gene-Expression in Gilthead Sea Bream ( Sparus aurata) are Affected by Low-Fish Oil Diets, Dietary Resveratrol, and Holding Temperature. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:E379. [PMID: 30309000 PMCID: PMC6213562 DOI: 10.3390/md16100379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
To sustainably produce marine fish with a high lipid quality rich in omega-3 fatty acids, alternative sources of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are being identified. Moreover, the use of bioactive compounds that would stimulate the in vivo fatty acid synthesis, such as resveratrol (RV), would reduce the dependence on fish oil in aquafeeds. Gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) were fed four experimental diets combining two fish oil levels (6% dry matter (DM); 2% DM) with or without 0.15% DM resveratrol supplementation (F6, F2, F6 + RV, F2 + RV) for two months. Additionally, the fish were challenged either at 19 °C or 23 °C. A higher water temperature promoted their feed intake and growth, resulting in an increased crude lipid content irrespective of dietary treatment. The fatty acid composition of different tissues was significantly affected by the holding temperature and dietary fish oil level. The dietary RV significantly affected the hepatic EPA and DHA content of fish held at 19 °C. The observed effect of RV may be partly explained by alterations of the mRNA steady-state levels of ∆6-desaturase and β-oxidation-related genes. Besides the relevant results concerning RV-mediated regulation of fatty acid synthesis in marine fish, further studies need to be conducted to clarify the potential value of RV to enhance fillet lipid quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Torno
- GMA⁻Gesellschaft für Marine Aquakultur mbH, Hafentörn 3, 25761 Büsum, Germany.
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, University of Kiel, Olshausenstraße 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Stefanie Staats
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Hermann Rodewald Straße 6, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Stéphanie Céline Michl
- GMA⁻Gesellschaft für Marine Aquakultur mbH, Hafentörn 3, 25761 Büsum, Germany.
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, University of Kiel, Olshausenstraße 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Sonia de Pascual-Teresa
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Food Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN⁻CSIC), José Antonio Novais 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marisol Izquierdo
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), Instituto Universitario Ecoaqua, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Crta. Taliarte s/n, 35214 Telde, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain.
| | - Gerald Rimbach
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Hermann Rodewald Straße 6, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Carsten Schulz
- GMA⁻Gesellschaft für Marine Aquakultur mbH, Hafentörn 3, 25761 Büsum, Germany.
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, University of Kiel, Olshausenstraße 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany.
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Wei B, Yang Z, Cheng Y, Wang J, Zhou J. Effects of the complete replacement of fish oil with linseed oil on growth, fatty acid composition, and protein expression in the Chinese mitten crab ( Eriocheir sinensis). Proteome Sci 2018; 16:6. [PMID: 29568239 PMCID: PMC5856368 DOI: 10.1186/s12953-018-0135-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The finite marine resources make it difficult for us to obtain enough fish oil (FO) used in aquatic feeds. Another sustainable ingredients should be found to substitute FO. The effects of replacing FO with vegetable oil have been studied in a variety of crustaceans, but most studies have focused on the phenotypic effects. Little is known about the mechanisms of the effects. Methods To understand the molecular responses during the replacement of FO in Eriocheir sinensis, we investigated the effects of feeding FO or linseed oil (LO) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, fatty acid composition and protein expression in E. sinensis. Twenty-four juvenile crabs were fed diets containing FO or LO for 112 days. Weight, carapace length and width were recorded. Fatty acid composition of the diets and the hepatopancreas and protein expression in the hepatopancreas were analyzed. Results Growth performance and molting interval were unchanged by diet. Crabs fed FO and LO had same activity of lipase and amylase, but comparing with crabs fed LO, crabs fed FO had higher trypsin activity and lower pepsin activity. Hepatopancreas fatty acid composition changed to reflect the fatty acid composition of the diets. In total, 194 proteins were differentially expressed in the hepatopancreas between the diets. Expression of heat shock proteins was higher in crabs fed LO. Expression of fatty acid synthase, long-chain fatty acid transport protein 4, acyl-CoA delta-9 desaturase, and fatty acid-binding protein 1, was higher in crabs fed FO. Conclusions The substitution of FO with LO didn't have any effects on the growth and molting of mitten crab, but could significantly decrease the ability of mitten crab to cope with stress. The high content of HUFAs in the hepatopancreas of mitten crab fed FO is due to the high abundance of the proteins relative to the transport of the HUFAs. These findings provide a reason of the high content of EPA and DHA in crabs fed with FO, and provide new information for the replacement of FO in diets of mitten crab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banghong Wei
- 1Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306 China.,2Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition (CREEFN) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306 China.,3National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education (Shanghai Ocean University), Shanghai, 201306 China
| | - Zhigang Yang
- 1Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306 China.,2Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition (CREEFN) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306 China.,3National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education (Shanghai Ocean University), Shanghai, 201306 China
| | - Yongxu Cheng
- 1Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306 China.,2Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition (CREEFN) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306 China.,3National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education (Shanghai Ocean University), Shanghai, 201306 China
| | - Jianyi Wang
- 1Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306 China.,2Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition (CREEFN) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306 China.,3National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education (Shanghai Ocean University), Shanghai, 201306 China
| | - Junyu Zhou
- 1Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306 China.,2Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition (CREEFN) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306 China.,3National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education (Shanghai Ocean University), Shanghai, 201306 China
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