1
|
Xia X, Lu J, Chen X, Zhou L, Huang Y, Ding S, Li G. Impact of whole grain highland hull-less barley on the denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis profiles of gut microbial communities in rats fed high-fat diets. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0408923. [PMID: 38747621 PMCID: PMC11237377 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04089-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) is a traditional non-culture technique that can provide a fingerprint of the microbial community. In the field of gut microbiota analysis, PCR-DGGE still holds potential for development. In the present study, we utilized an improved nested PCR-DGGE approach targeting the V3 region of 16S ribosomal DNA to investigate the impact of whole grain highland hull-less barley (WHLB), a cereal known for its significant hypocholesterolemic effect, on the gut microbiota profiles of high-fat diet rats. Seventy-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups and fed a normal control diet, a high-fat diet, or a high-fat diet supplemented with a low or high dose of WHLB for 4 or 8 weeks. The results revealed that the dominant bands varied among different dose groups and further changed with different treatment times. The compositions of bacterial communities in feces and cecal content were similar, but the dominant bacterial bands differed. After performing double DGGE, extracting the bands, sequencing the DNA, and aligning the sequences, a total of 19 bands were classified under the Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phyla, while two bands were identified as unclassified uncultured bacteria. The relative abundance of Lactobacillus gasseri, Uncultured Prevotella sp., and Clostridium sp. increased following the administration of WHLB. Illumina-based sequencing was employed to assess the reliability of DGGE, demonstrating its reliability in analyzing the dominant taxonomic composition, although it may have limitations in accurately detecting the alpha diversity of bacterial species. IMPORTANCE While next-generation sequencing has overshadowed polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE), the latter still holds promise for advancing gut microbiota analysis due to its unique advantages. In this study, we used optimized nested PCR-DGGE to investigate the gut microbiota profile of high-fat diet rats after administering whole grain highland hull-less barley. High-throughput sequencing was employed to validate the DGGE results. Our results proved the reliability of PCR-DGGE for analyzing the dominant taxonomic composition while also providing visual evidence of a notable relationship between the composition of cecal and fecal microbial communities, highlighting substantial differences in both richness and abundance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuejuan Xia
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Lu
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuanyu Chen
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Zhou
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yadong Huang
- Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd, Hohhot, China
| | - Shunjie Ding
- Army Logistics University of PLA, Chongqing, China
| | - Guannan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xie J, Cheng L, Li Z, Li C, Hong Y, Gu Z. Effect of non-starch components on the structural properties, physicochemical properties and in vitro digestibility of waxy highland barley starch. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 255:128013. [PMID: 37951447 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Highland barley (HB) endosperm with an amylose content of 0-10 % is called waxy HB (WHB). WHB is a naturally slow-digesting grain, and the interaction between its endogenous non-starch composition and the WHB starch (WHBS) has an important effect on starch digestion. This paper focuses on the mechanisms by which the components of β-glucan, proteins and lipids affect the molecular, granular, crystalline structure and digestive properties of WHBS. After eliminating the main nutrients except for starch, the estimated glycemic index (eGI) of the samples rose from 62.56 % to 92.93 %, and the rapidly digested starch content increased from 60.81 % to 98.56 %, respectively. The resistant starch (RS) content, in contrast, dropped from 38.61 % to 0.13 %. Comparatively to lipids, β-glucan and protein contributed more to the rise in eGI and decline in RS content. The crystalline characteristics of starch were enhanced in the decomposed samples. The samples' gelatinization properties improved, as did the order of the starch molecules. Protein and β-glucan form a dense matrix on the surface of WHBS particles to inhibit WHBS digestion. In summary, this study revealed the mechanism influencing the digestibility of WHBS from the perspective of endogenous non-starch composition and provided a theoretical basis to develop slow-digesting foods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Xie
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaofeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Caiming Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Hong
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China; Jiaxing Institute of Future Food, Jiaxing 314050, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhengbiao Gu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Meng Y, Meng Q, Li C, Wang M, Li S, Ying J, Zheng H, Bai S, Xue Y, Shen Q. A comparison between partially peeled hulless barley and whole grain hulless barley: beneficial effects on the regulation of serum glucose and the gut microbiota in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Food Funct 2023; 14:886-898. [PMID: 36537611 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02098j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Though the hypoglycemic effect of whole grain hulless barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) has been documented, whether glucose metabolism would be improved by hulless barley with moderate peeling is still unclear. The purpose of this study was to compare the differences in glucose metabolism and gut microbiota between partially (10%) peeled hulless barley (PHB) and whole grain hulless barley (WHB) intervention in obese mice induced by a high-fat diet. The results showed that both PHB and WHB interventions significantly improved the impaired glucose tolerance, fat accumulation in fat and liver tissues, and the impaired intestinal barrier in mice. The dysbiosis of gut microbiota was improved and the relative abundance of some beneficial bacteria such as genera Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Ileibacterium, and norank_f__Mutibaculaceae was increased by both, PHB and WHB, interventions. Spearman correlation analysis revealed that the abundance of Bifidobacterium was negatively correlated with the area under the blood glucose curve. In conclusion, our results provide evidence that hulless barley improved the gut microbiota and impaired glucose tolerance in mice, and also showed that there was little loss of hypoglycemic effect even when hulless barley was moderately peeled.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yantong Meng
- National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, P.R. China.
| | - Qingjia Meng
- COFCO Nutrition and Health Research Institute Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100020, P.R. China.
| | - Chang Li
- National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, P.R. China.
| | - Mengqian Wang
- COFCO Nutrition and Health Research Institute Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100020, P.R. China.
| | - Siqi Li
- National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, P.R. China.
| | - Jian Ying
- COFCO Nutrition and Health Research Institute Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100020, P.R. China.
| | - Hao Zheng
- National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, P.R. China.
| | - Shuqun Bai
- COFCO Nutrition and Health Research Institute Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100020, P.R. China.
| | - Yong Xue
- National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, P.R. China. .,National Center of Technology Innovation (Deep Processing of Highland Barley) in Food Industry, China Agricultural University, No. 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Plant Protein and Grain Processing, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qun Shen
- National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, P.R. China. .,National Center of Technology Innovation (Deep Processing of Highland Barley) in Food Industry, China Agricultural University, No. 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Plant Protein and Grain Processing, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lin F, Li X, Guo X, Lu X, Han X, Xu G, Du P, An L. Study on the hypolipidemic effect of Inonotus obliquus polysaccharide in hyperlipidemia rats based on the regulation of intestinal flora. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:191-203. [PMID: 36655098 PMCID: PMC9834817 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to observe the effect of Inonotus obliquus polysaccharide (IOP) on blood lipids and its regulation on the intestinal flora in hyperlipidemia rats, and explore the modern biological connotation of IOP in reducing blood lipids. In this study, we obtained the crude IOP by the water extraction and alcohol precipitation method, and then classified it by DEAE ion-exchange chromatography to obtain the acidic I. obliquus polysaccharide (IOP-A). After the administration of the IOP-A, the serum TC, TG, and LDL-C levels were significantly lower, while the serum HDL-C levels were significantly higher. The expression of CYP7A1 protein was considerably increased, whereas the expression of SREBP-1C protein was considerably decreased in the rat hepatic tissue. In addition, the IOP-A could significantly alleviate the hepatocyte fatty degeneration in the liver lobule of rats. We believe that the IOP-A can affect the composition of intestinal flora by reducing the relative abundance of Firmicutes and increasing the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes. These findings indicated that the IOP-A can regulate the dyslipidemia of hyperlipidemia rats, and its mechanism may be through regulating the CYP7A1 and SREBP-1C expression in the metabolism of lipids, and correcting the imbalance of intestinal flora structure caused by a high-fat diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiao Li
- College of PharmacyBeihua UniversityJilinChina
| | - Xiao Guo
- College of PharmacyBeihua UniversityJilinChina
| | - Xuechun Lu
- General Hospital of the People's Liberation ArmyBeijingChina
| | - Xiao Han
- College of PharmacyBeihua UniversityJilinChina
| | - GuangYu Xu
- College of PharmacyBeihua UniversityJilinChina
| | - Peige Du
- College of PharmacyBeihua UniversityJilinChina
| | - Liping An
- College of PharmacyBeihua UniversityJilinChina
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bornaei L, Salari S, Erfani majd N. Effect of electron beam irradiated barley grains on growth performance, blood parameters, nutrient digestibility, microbial population, and intestinal histomorphometry in broiler chickens. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2022.2089151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lotfollah Bornaei
- Department of Animal Science, Animal Science and Food Technology Faculty, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Somayyeh Salari
- Department of Animal Science, Animal Science and Food Technology Faculty, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Naeem Erfani majd
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Alzahrani NS, Alshammari GM, El-Ansary A, Yagoub AEA, Amina M, Saleh A, Yahya MA. Anti-Hyperlipidemia, Hypoglycemic, and Hepatoprotective Impacts of Pearl Millet ( Pennisetum glaucum L.) Grains and Their Ethanol Extract on Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091791. [PMID: 35565759 PMCID: PMC9105973 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study tested the anti-hyperlipidemic, hypoglycemic, hepatoprotective, and anti-inflammatory effects of whole pearl millet grain powder (MPG) and its ethanol extract (MPGethaolE) in obese rats fed a high-fat diet. The rats were divided into eight groups based on the treatments they received: control, high fat diet (HFD), HFD + MGE (25 mg/Kg), HFD + MPGethaolE (50 mg/Kg), HFD + MPGethaolE (100 mg/Kg), HFD + MPG (10%), HFD + MPG (20%), and HFD + MPG (30%). The final body weight, visceral, epididymal fat pads, and the liver weight were significantly decreased, in a dose-dependent manner, in HFD fed rats that were co-administered either the MPG powder or MPGethaolE. In the same line, serum levels of triglycerides (TGs), cholesterol (CHOL), and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c), as well as fasting glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, and serum levels of lipopolysaccharides (LPS), interleukine-6 (IL-6), interleukine-10 (IL-10), C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), and adiponectin were progressively decreased while serum levels of high-density lipoproteins (HDL-c) were significantly increased when increasing the doses of both treatments. In conclusion, both the raw powder and ethanolic extract of MP have a comparative dose-dependent anti-obesity, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-steatotic in HFD-fed rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadiah S. Alzahrani
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (N.S.A.); (A.E.A.Y.); (A.S.); (M.A.Y.)
| | - Ghedeir M. Alshammari
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (N.S.A.); (A.E.A.Y.); (A.S.); (M.A.Y.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Afaf El-Ansary
- Central Research Laboratory, Female Campus, King Saud University, Riyadh 11472, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abu ElGasim A. Yagoub
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (N.S.A.); (A.E.A.Y.); (A.S.); (M.A.Y.)
| | - Musarat Amina
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmacy College, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ali Saleh
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (N.S.A.); (A.E.A.Y.); (A.S.); (M.A.Y.)
| | - Mohammed Abdo Yahya
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (N.S.A.); (A.E.A.Y.); (A.S.); (M.A.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Beneficial Effects of Partly Milled Highland Barley on the Prevention of High-Fat Diet-Induced Glycometabolic Disorder and the Modulation of Gut Microbiota in Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14040762. [PMID: 35215411 PMCID: PMC8877997 DOI: 10.3390/nu14040762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The nutritional functions of highland barley (HB) are superior to those of regular cereals and have attracted increasing attention in recent years. The objective of this study was to investigate whether partly milled highland barley (PHB) can regulate the serum glucose and lipid disorders of mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and to further explore their potential gut microbiota modulatory effect. Our results showed that PHB supplementation significantly reduced fasting blood glucose (FBG) and improved oral glucose tolerance. Histological observations confirmed the ability of PHB to alleviate liver and intestine damage. Furthermore, the results of 16S amplicon sequencing revealed that PHB prevented a HFD-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis, enriching some beneficial bacteria, such as Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Ileibacterium, and reducing several HFD-dependent taxa (norank_f_Desulfovibrionaceae, Blautia, norank_f_Lachnospiraceae, unclassified_f_Lachnospiraceae, and Colidextribacter). In addition, the increase of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium presence has a slightly dose-dependent relationship with the amount of the added PHB. Spearman correlation analysis revealed that Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium were negatively correlated with the blood glucose level of the oral glucose tolerance test. Overall, our results provide important information about the processing of highland barley to retain its hypoglycemic effect and improve its acceptability and biosafety.
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu J, Wang Y, Xue L, Nie C, Sun J, Fan M, Qian H, Wang L, Li Y. Novel Metabolic Regulation of Bile Acid Responses to Low Cholesterol in Whole-Grain-Diet-Fed Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:8440-8447. [PMID: 34286573 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c02662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia is a major risk factor for chronic metabolic diseases. Nevertheless, a whole-grain diet could ameliorate this issue in a number of ways, including by regulating bile acid metabolism. However, the potential mechanism is unclear. The aim of the current study is to explore the effects of whole-grain diets (brown rice diet and whole wheat diet) on bile acid homeostasis. After intervention for 8 weeks in mouse model, whole-grain diets showed reduced feed conversion ratio, and the lipid levels (total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG)) were also meliorated in the serum and liver of mice. Moreover, whole-grain diets reduced the expression of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR) (cholesterol synthesis) in the liver of mice. Interestingly, whole-grain diets not only promoted the mRNA expressions of low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), ATP binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1), and scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) (reverse cholesterol transport) but also facilitated the expressions of cytochrome P450, family 7, subfamily a, polypeptide 1 (CYP7a1) and cytochrome P450, family 27, subfamily a, polypeptide 1 (CYP27a1) (bile acid synthesis). Further study found that whole-grain diets promoted intestinal bile acid reabsorption and reduced bile acid excretion. Our study provided a novel metabolic regulation of bile acids in response to reduced cholesterol levels induced by whole-grain diets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinxin Liu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Lamei Xue
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Chenzhipeng Nie
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Juan Sun
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Mingcong Fan
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Haifeng Qian
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Li Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gerstner C, Saín J, Lavandera J, González M, Bernal C. Functional milk fat enriched in conjugated linoleic acid prevented liver lipid accumulation induced by a high-fat diet in male rats. Food Funct 2021; 12:5051-5065. [PMID: 33960342 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo03296d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to investigate the potential effect of functional milk fat (FMF), naturally enriched in conjugated linoleic acid, on the prevention of liver lipid accumulation and some biochemical mechanisms involved in the liver triacylglycerol (TAG) regulation in high-fat (HF) fed rats. Male Wistar rats were fed (60 days) with S7 (soybean oil, 7%) or HF diets: S30 (soybean oil, 30%), MF30 (soybean oil, 3% + milk fat -MF-, 27%) or FMF30 (soybean oil, 3% + FMF, 27%). Nutritional parameters, hepatic fatty acid (FA) composition, liver and serum TAG levels, hepatic TAG secretion rate (TAG-SR), lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity in adipose tissue and muscle, activities and/or mRNA levels of lipogenic and β-oxidative enzymes, and mRNA levels of transcription factors and FA transport proteins were assessed. The hepatic lipid accumulation induced by the S30 diet was associated with increased mRNA levels of FA transporters; and it was prevented by FMF through an increase in the hepatic TAG-SR, carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1a activity and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha mRNA levels, as well as by a reduction of the mRNA levels of FA transporters. The hypotriacylglyceridaemia observed in S30 was related with an increased LPL activity in adipose tissue and it was reverted by FMF through the increased hepatic TAG-SR. In brief, FMF prevented the liver lipid accumulation induced by HF diets by increasing the hepatic TAG-SR and β-oxidation, and reducing the hepatic FA uptake. The increased hepatic TAG-SR induced by FMF could be responsible for the attenuation of serum TAG alterations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Gerstner
- Cátedra de Bromatología y Nutrición, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Juliana Saín
- Cátedra de Bromatología y Nutrición, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina. and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Jimena Lavandera
- Cátedra de Bromatología y Nutrición, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina. and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Marcela González
- Cátedra de Bromatología y Nutrición, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Claudio Bernal
- Cátedra de Bromatología y Nutrición, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina. and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
L. E. Mballa D, Yadang FSA, Tchamgoue AD, Mba JR, Tchokouaha LRY, M. Biang E, T. Tchinda A, Djomeni Dzeufiet DP, Agbor GA. Cafeteria Diet-Induced Metabolic and Cardiovascular Changes in Rats: The Role of Piper nigrum Leaf Extract. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:5585650. [PMID: 34122598 PMCID: PMC8189781 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5585650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cafeteria diet is known to induce excessive body fat accumulation (obesity) that could cause metabolic and cardiovascular changes and even death. The increase in prevalence over time and the failure in treatment options make obesity a real public health problem. The present study assessed the preventive effect of the hydro-ethanolic extract of the Piper nigrum leaf on the development of metabolic and cardiovascular changes in cafeteria diet fed Wistar rats. METHODS Thirty-six male rats were divided into 5 groups of 6 rats each: a normal control group (Nor.), a negative control group (Neg.), two groups administered different doses of extract in mg/kg (E250 and E500), and a group administered atorvastatin 10 mg/kg (Ator., reference drug). The animals were fed with experimental diets (standard and cafeteria) for a period of 5 weeks. Food and water intake were assessed daily, and the body weight assessed weekly. At the end of the feeding, plasma lipid profile and markers of hepatic and renal function were assessed. Furthermore, the relative weights of the adipose tissue and the organs were assessed. The liver, kidneys, and heart homogenates were assessed for markers of oxidative stress while the aorta was histopathologically examined. RESULTS Cafeteria diet-induced weight gain of 30% and increased triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level of more than 50%. Equally, an increase in the relative weight of accumulated adipose tissues of more than 90%, oxidative stress, and alteration in the organ structure were visible in cafeteria diet fed rats (Neg). Treatment with P. nigrum extract significantly prevented weight gain, dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, and alteration in the architecture of the aorta. The effect of P. nigrum extract was comparable to that of the reference drug. CONCLUSION Piper nigrum leaf may prevent weight gain and possess cardioprotective activity with a strong antioxidant activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorothee L. E. Mballa
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Fanta S. A. Yadang
- Centre for Research on Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, P.O. Box 13033, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Armelle D. Tchamgoue
- Centre for Research on Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, P.O. Box 13033, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Jean R. Mba
- Centre for Research on Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, P.O. Box 13033, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Lauve R. Y. Tchokouaha
- Centre for Research on Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, P.O. Box 13033, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Emmanuel M. Biang
- Centre for Research on Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, P.O. Box 13033, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Alembert T. Tchinda
- Centre for Research on Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, P.O. Box 13033, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | - Gabriel A. Agbor
- Centre for Research on Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, P.O. Box 13033, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Obadi M, Sun J, Xu B. Highland barley: Chemical composition, bioactive compounds, health effects, and applications. Food Res Int 2021; 140:110065. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.110065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
12
|
Effects of β-glucan Rich Barley Flour on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in the Ileum, Liver, and Adipose Tissues of High-Fat Diet Induced-Obesity Model Male Mice Analyzed by DNA Microarray. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113546. [PMID: 33228176 PMCID: PMC7699600 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated whether intake of β-glucan-rich barley flour affects expression levels of genes related to glucose and lipid metabolism in the ileum, liver, and adipose tissues of mice fed a high-fat diet. C57BL/6J male mice were fed a high-fat diet supplemented with high β-glucan barley, for 92 days. We measured the expression levels of genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism in the ileum, liver, and adipose tissues using DNA microarray and q-PCR. The concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the cecum was analyzed by GC/MS. The metabolic syndrome indices were improved by barley flour intake. Microarray analysis showed that the expression of genes related to steroid synthesis was consistently decreased in the liver and adipose tissues. The expression of genes involved in glucose metabolism did not change in these organs. In liver, a negative correlation was showed between some SCFAs and the expression levels of mRNA related to lipid synthesis and degradation. Barley flour affects lipid metabolism at the gene expression levels in both liver and adipose tissues. We suggest that SCFAs are associated with changes in the expression levels of genes related to lipid metabolism in the liver and adipose tissues, which affect lipid accumulation.
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang J, Li P, Liu S, Zhang B, Hu Y, Ma H, Wang S. Green tea leaf powder prevents dyslipidemia in high-fat diet-fed mice by modulating gut microbiota. Food Nutr Res 2020; 64:3672. [PMID: 33281537 PMCID: PMC7681786 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v64.3672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the past, most researchers paid more attention to the biological activity of tea infusion and tea polyphenols; however, the prebiotic role of tea leaf powder is still unknown. Green tea leaf powder is rich in dietary fiber and is suggested to be beneficial for human health. Only limited studies have looked at the effects of tea leaf powder (which mainly contains tea dietary fiber) on gut microbiota and health. Objective The purpose of our study was to determine the effects of green tea leaf powder in preventing hyperlipidemia and to understand its potential lipid-lowering mechanism. Design Mice in three treatment groups were fed high-fat diets (HFDs) by administering either 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 g/kg•d dietary fiber-enriched green tea leaf powder of low, medium, or high, respectively, for 12 weeks. Serum biochemical analyses and mRNA gene expression levels of related energy and lipid metabolism biomarkers from the liver were investigated. In addition, 16S rRNA cecal microbiota and fecal short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were tested. Results Green tea leaf powder reduced body weight and total cholesterol of HFD-fed mice in a dose-dependent manner. Green tea leaf powder also increased satiety hormone secretion and reduced systemic inflammation of HFD-fed mice. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses reconfirmed that green tea leaf powder prevented dyslipidemia by enhancing hepatic mRNA expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha, cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase, and Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette transporter A1 and decreasing the expression of fatty acid synthase, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c, and liver X receptor. Green tea leaf powder promoted the growth of Blautia, Oscillibacter, Ruminiclostridium, Alloprevotella, and Butyrivibrio and inhibited the growth of Erysipelatoclostridium, Desulfovibrio, and Candidatus_Saccharimonas in the cecum of HFD-fed mice. Conclusion In summary, our results indicate that green tea leaf powder improves lipid metabolism of HFD-fed mice in a dose-dependent manner. The potential mechanism involves a synergistic role in reprogramming gut microbiota, increasing satiety hormone secretion, and reducing systemic inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bowei Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yaozhong Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Understanding the nutritional functions of thermally-processed whole grain highland barley in vitro and in vivo. Food Chem 2020; 310:125979. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
15
|
Molecular Mechanism of Functional Ingredients in Barley to Combat Human Chronic Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:3836172. [PMID: 32318238 PMCID: PMC7149453 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3836172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Barley plays an important role in health and civilization of human migration from Africa to Asia, later to Eurasia. We demonstrated the systematic mechanism of functional ingredients in barley to combat chronic diseases, based on PubMed, CNKI, and ISI Web of Science databases from 2004 to 2020. Barley and its extracts are rich in 30 ingredients to combat more than 20 chronic diseases, which include the 14 similar and 9 different chronic diseases between grains and grass, due to the major molecular mechanism of six functional ingredients of barley grass (GABA, flavonoids, SOD, K-Ca, vitamins, and tryptophan) and grains (β-glucans, polyphenols, arabinoxylan, phytosterols, tocols, and resistant starch). The antioxidant activity of barley grass and grain has the same and different functional components. These results support findings that barley grain and its grass are the best functional food, promoting ancient Babylonian and Egyptian civilizations, and further show the depending functional ingredients for diet from Pliocene hominids in Africa and Neanderthals in Europe to modern humans in the world. This review paper not only reveals the formation and action mechanism of barley diet overcoming human chronic diseases, but also provides scientific basis for the development of health products and drugs for the prevention and treatment of human chronic diseases.
Collapse
|
16
|
Liu J, Li Y, Xue L, Fan M, Nie C, Wang Y, Zhang H, Qian H, Wang L. Circulating miR-27a-3p as a candidate for a biomarker of whole grain diets for lipid metabolism. Food Funct 2020; 11:8852-8865. [DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00830c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Circulating miR-27a-3p was involved in the process of lipid synthesis under the dietary patterns of whole grain diets, and the expression of miR-27a-3p was decreased in serum, while it was elevated both in liver and ileum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinxin Liu
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
| | - Lamei Xue
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- China
| | - Mingcong Fan
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- China
| | - Chenzhipeng Nie
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- China
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- China
| | - Hui Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- China
| | - Haifeng Qian
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- China
| | - Li Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Buyukdere Y, Gulec A, Akyol A. Cafeteria diet increased adiposity in comparison to high fat diet in young male rats. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6656. [PMID: 30984479 PMCID: PMC6452846 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dietary intervention studies in animal models of obesity are crucial to elucidate the mechanistic effects of specific nutrients and diets. Although several models of diet induced obesity have been examined in rodents to assess obesity, there are few studies that have researched influence of different high fat and/or westernized diets. The aim of this study was to compare a high fat diet and a cafeteria diet on obesity related biochemical and physiological parameters in young male rats. Methods Five week old Wistar male rats were fed a control chow diet (C), butter-based high fat diet (HF) or cafeteria diet (CAF) for twelve weeks. In HF, 40% of energy came from fat and this ratio was 46% in CAF. CAF composed of highly energetic and palatable human foods along with chow diet. At the end of the feeding protocol all animals were culled using CO2 asphyxia and cervical dislocation after an overnight fasting. Results Total energy and fat intake of CAF was significantly higher than C and HF. CAF was more effective in inducing obesity, as demonstrated by increased weight gain, Lee index, fat depot weights and total body fat in comparison to C and HF. Despite increased adiposity in CAF, plasma glucose, insulin and HOMA-IR levels were similar between the groups. Plasma leptin and cholesterol levels were markedly higher in CAF than C and HF. Discussion We have demonstrated that there are differential effects of high fat diet and cafeteria diet upon obesity and obesity-related parameters, with CAF leading to a more pronounced adiposity in comparison to high fat diet in young male rats. Future studies should consider the varied outcomes of different diet induced obesity models and development of a standardized approach in similar research practices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yucel Buyukdere
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Atila Gulec
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Asli Akyol
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Liu R, Zhao J, Guo J, Liu X, Yu J, Wang H, Li Y, Sun C, Liu L. Postprandial metabolomics: GC-MS analysis reveals differences in organic acid profiles of impaired fasting glucose individuals in response to highland barley loads. Food Funct 2019; 10:1552-1562. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo02321b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The HB load producing low postprandial glucose and insulin responses brings about several alterations in organic acids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- National Key Discipline Laboratory
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene
- School of Public Health
- Harbin Medical University
- Harbin
| | - Jinhui Zhao
- National Key Discipline Laboratory
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene
- School of Public Health
- Harbin Medical University
- Harbin
| | - Jing Guo
- National Key Discipline Laboratory
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene
- School of Public Health
- Harbin Medical University
- Harbin
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- National Key Discipline Laboratory
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene
- School of Public Health
- Harbin Medical University
- Harbin
| | - Jiaying Yu
- National Key Discipline Laboratory
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene
- School of Public Health
- Harbin Medical University
- Harbin
| | - Hanming Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases
- Harbin Children's Hospital
- Harbin
- P. R. China
| | - Ying Li
- National Key Discipline Laboratory
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene
- School of Public Health
- Harbin Medical University
- Harbin
| | - Changhao Sun
- National Key Discipline Laboratory
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene
- School of Public Health
- Harbin Medical University
- Harbin
| | - Liyan Liu
- National Key Discipline Laboratory
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene
- School of Public Health
- Harbin Medical University
- Harbin
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Gong L, Wang T, Sun C, Wang J, Sun B. Whole barley prevents obesity and dyslipidemia without the involvement of the gut microbiota in germ free C57BL/6J obese mice. Food Funct 2019; 10:7498-7508. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01268k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Whole barley (WB) consumption is the subject of renewed interest because of its health benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingxiao Gong
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing)
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health (BTBU)
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives
- Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU)
- Beijing 100048
| | - Tianxi Wang
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing)
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health (BTBU)
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives
- Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU)
- Beijing 100048
| | - Cong Sun
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing)
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health (BTBU)
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives
- Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU)
- Beijing 100048
| | - Jing Wang
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing)
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health (BTBU)
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives
- Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU)
- Beijing 100048
| | - Baoguo Sun
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing)
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health (BTBU)
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives
- Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU)
- Beijing 100048
| |
Collapse
|