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Nishimura H, Nawa N, Ogawa T, Fushimi K, Fujiwara T. Association of ambient temperature and sun exposure with hip fractures in Japan: A time-series analysis using nationwide inpatient database. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 807:150774. [PMID: 34619189 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence on whether meteorological conditions affect hip fractures (HFs) is limited. This study aimed to clarify the associations between ambient temperature and sun exposure and HFs in Japan. METHODS Record of daily hospital admissions for HFs between 2015 and 2018 were extracted from a Japanese nationwide inpatient database. We conducted a time-series quasi-Poisson regression analysis using a distributed lag non-linear model with lag 0-39 days to estimate prefecture-specific relative risks (RRs) of HFs. We also estimated pooled RRs using random-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS We identified 355,563 HFs. For mean temperature, immediate RRs (lag 0-2 days) were 1.349 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.305, 1.395) and 0.754 (95% CI: 0.727, 0.782) for low (mean of the 2.5th percentile) and high (mean of the 97.5th percentile) mean temperature, respectively, relative to the reference (mean of medians). For sunshine duration, immediate RRs were 0.929 (95% CI: 0.913, 0.946) and 1.056 (95% CI: 1.029, 1.085) for short (mean of the 2.5th percentile) and long (mean of the 97.5th percentile) sunshine duration, respectively, and delayed RRs (lag 3-39 days) was 0.770 (95% CI: 0.696, 0.851) for long sunshine duration relative to the reference (mean of medians). Immediate RRs were larger for both exposures in patients admitted from home than in those from care facilities. CONCLUSIONS Lower mean temperature and longer sunshine duration were associated with immediate higher HF risks. Higher mean temperature and shorter sunshine duration were associated with immediate lower HF risks. These associations were modified by admission routes. Longer sunshine duration was also associated with delayed lower HF risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisaaki Nishimura
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobutoshi Nawa
- Department of Medical Education Research and Development, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahisa Ogawa
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyohide Fushimi
- Department of Health Policy and Informatics, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeo Fujiwara
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
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Yang L, Sato M, Saito-Abe M, Irahara M, Nishizato M, Sasaki H, Konishi M, Ishitsuka K, Mezawa H, Yamamoto-Hanada K, Ohya Y. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D levels among 2-year-old children: findings from the Japan environment and Children's study (JECS). BMC Pediatr 2021; 21:539. [PMID: 34856947 PMCID: PMC8638176 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-021-03005-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The study aim was to obtain epidemiological data on vitamin D levels for the pediatric population in Japan. We assessed the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in 2-year-old Japanese children using data from a large ongoing birth cohort study. Methods Data for analysis was obtained from the Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS) and a Sub-Cohort Study (SCS) of JECS. We evaluated the children’s serum 25(OH) D levels by 5th, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th, and 95th percentiles, and the rates of vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency. We also presented a weighted prevalence rate for vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency among all children in JECS. Results After excluding children with missing 25(OH)D2 or 25(OH)D3 data, we analyzed 4655 remaining children, of whom 24.7% (95% CI, 23.5–26.0%) had vitamin D deficiency (< 20 ng/mL), and 51.3% (95% CI, 49.8–52.7%) were at risk of vitamin D insufficiency (20–30 ng/mL). The estimated prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency among all children in JECS were 25.4% (95% CI, 24.1–26.7%) and 50.9% (95% CI, 49.4–52.4%). Vitamin D deficiency was found in 22.9% of boys and 26.5% of girls. Median serum 25(OH) D concentrations were lower among participants measured during winter and spring than among those measured in summer and autumn. The highest rate of vitamin D deficiency was observed in Hokkaido, the northernmost prefecture of Japan. Conclusion We analyzed data on serum 25(OH) D levels from a birth cohort study and found that vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are very common among 2-year-old Japanese children. Sex, season, and latitude affect serum 25(OH) D concentrations. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12887-021-03005-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Yang
- Division of Allergy, Department of Medical Subspecialties, Medical Support Center for Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS), Allergy Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1, Okura, Setagayaku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan.,Medical Support Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miori Sato
- Division of Allergy, Department of Medical Subspecialties, Medical Support Center for Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS), Allergy Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1, Okura, Setagayaku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan.,Medical Support Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayako Saito-Abe
- Division of Allergy, Department of Medical Subspecialties, Medical Support Center for Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS), Allergy Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1, Okura, Setagayaku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan.,Medical Support Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Irahara
- Division of Allergy, Department of Medical Subspecialties, Medical Support Center for Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS), Allergy Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1, Okura, Setagayaku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan.,Medical Support Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minaho Nishizato
- Division of Allergy, Department of Medical Subspecialties, Medical Support Center for Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS), Allergy Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1, Okura, Setagayaku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan.,Medical Support Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hatoko Sasaki
- Division of Allergy, Department of Medical Subspecialties, Medical Support Center for Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS), Allergy Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1, Okura, Setagayaku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan.,Medical Support Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mizuho Konishi
- Division of Allergy, Department of Medical Subspecialties, Medical Support Center for Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS), Allergy Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1, Okura, Setagayaku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan.,Medical Support Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazue Ishitsuka
- Division of Allergy, Department of Medical Subspecialties, Medical Support Center for Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS), Allergy Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1, Okura, Setagayaku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan.,Medical Support Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Mezawa
- Division of Allergy, Department of Medical Subspecialties, Medical Support Center for Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS), Allergy Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1, Okura, Setagayaku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan.,Medical Support Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiwako Yamamoto-Hanada
- Division of Allergy, Department of Medical Subspecialties, Medical Support Center for Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS), Allergy Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1, Okura, Setagayaku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan.,Medical Support Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Ohya
- Division of Allergy, Department of Medical Subspecialties, Medical Support Center for Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS), Allergy Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1, Okura, Setagayaku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan. .,Medical Support Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.
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Wojcicki JM, Tsuchiya KJ, Murakami K, Ishikuro M, Obara T, Morisaki N. Limited consumption of 100% fruit juices and sugar sweetened beverages in Japanese toddler and preschool children. Prev Med Rep 2021; 23:101409. [PMID: 34189018 PMCID: PMC8220240 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Low total 100% fruit juice and SSB intake for Japanese children. Comparable rates of beverage introduction for Japanese and North American children. Higher proportional dairy/milk drink consumption for Japanese than North American children. Low SSB consumption may contribute to lower obesity rate in Japanese children.
Japanese toddler and preschool children, ages 1.5–5 years, have lower rates of obesity, ≥95 th percentile body mass index, compared with North American ones. We examined parental reported beverage consumption patterns in 3 Japanese based mother-child cohorts from three different regions of Japan compared with data from cross-sectional and longitudinal studies from North America. Specifically, we used data from the Hamamatsu Birth Cohort for Mothers and Children (HBC Study) in Hamamatsu (Shizuoka Prefecture), the Seiiku Boshi Birth Cohort from Setagaya, Tokyo and the TMM BirThree Cohort Study from Miyagi. We additionally compared cross-sectional data from preschoolers from 24 prefectures in Japan as previously reported from a national study. While Japanese children had lower but comparable rates to North American children for introduction of sugar-sweetened beverages and 100% fruit juices, Japanese children consumed these beverages daily at a much lower level than North American children. Additionally, North American children may get more added sugars from soda and fruit juices as a relative percentage of total added sugar. By contrast, Japanese children consume more sweetened dairy drinks as a relative percentage of total added sugar. Sweetened dairy drinks may have the added benefits of including fats, calcium and probiotics which may be associated with lower risk for obesity compared with consumption of other types of sugar sweetened beverages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet M Wojcicki
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), USA
| | - Kenji J Tsuchiya
- Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Research Center for Child Mental Health Development, Japan
| | - Keiko Murakami
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mami Ishikuro
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Taku Obara
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Naho Morisaki
- Department of Social Medicine, National Center for Child Health, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
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5
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Yasumitsu-Lovell K, Thompson L, Fernell E, Eitoku M, Suganuma N, Gillberg C. Birth month and infant gross motor development: Results from the Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS). PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251581. [PMID: 34014944 PMCID: PMC8136702 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between birth month and neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorders has been investigated in a number of previous studies; however, the results have been inconsistent. This study investigated the association between birth month and child gross motor development at 6 and 12 months of age in a large cohort of infants (n = 72,203) participating in the Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS). Gross motor development was assessed using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ-3). At 6 months and 12 months, 20.7% and 14.2%, respectively, had ASQ-3 indications of gross motor problems. Birth month was strongly associated with gross motor development at both time points, particularly at 6 months. Summer-born infants had the worst outcomes at both 6 months and 12 months of age. This outcome applied to the ASQ-3 score itself and to the adjusted Relative Risk (aRR), with the highest aRRs (relative to January-born) among August-born (aRR 2.51; 95%CI 2.27–2.78 at 6 months), and June-born (aRR 1.84; 95%CI 1.63–2.09 at 12 months). Boys had better scores than girls both at 6 and 12 months of age. We speculate that seasonal factors—such as maternal vitamin D deficiency and influenza infection—affecting the fetus in early pregnancy might account for the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kahoko Yasumitsu-Lovell
- Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
| | - Lucy Thompson
- Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Elisabeth Fernell
- Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Masamitsu Eitoku
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
| | - Narufumi Suganuma
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Christopher Gillberg
- Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
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Chen Z, Lv X, Hu W, Qian X, Wu T, Zhu Y. Vitamin D Status and Its Influence on the Health of Preschool Children in Hangzhou. Front Public Health 2021; 9:675403. [PMID: 34079788 PMCID: PMC8165265 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.675403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in children are global public health problems. However, few studies have focused on vitamin D status in healthy preschool children, especially in Asia. This study aimed to investigate vitamin D status and host-related factors in healthy preschool children in Hangzhou to analyze the impact of low vitamin D levels (<30 ng/mL) on health outcomes (obesity, early childhood caries, and respiratory tract infections). Methods: A total of 1,510 healthy children aged 24–72 months from 15 kindergartens in Hangzhou were included. Data on the children's gender, age, body mass index (BMI), caries, and blood samples available for vitamin D analysis were collected from June to August 2018. A total of 325 children aged 36–48 months took part in a survey on the frequency of respiratory tract infections in the last year. Results: The children's mean 25(OH)D level was 28.01 ± 7.29 ng/mL. A total of 11.4% of the children had vitamin D deficiency, and 52.6% had vitamin D insufficiency. Only 36.0% had vitamin D sufficiency. No significant difference was found by gender or BMI group. However, children in the obesity group had the highest prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and the lowest 25(OH)D levels. A significant negative correlation was found between the 25(OH)D level and child age (r = −0.144, p < 0.001). Regression analysis showed that the children’s 25(OH)D levels decreased by 0.17 ng/mL per month with age. In addition, children with low vitamin D levels might increase the risk of obesity and early childhood caries. Multiple linear regression indicated that the number of caries in children increased by 0.08 per 1-ng/mL decrease in the 25(OH)D level (β = −0.08, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency is a serious problem among healthy preschool children in Hangzhou. Public health policies or interventions should be implemented to ensure that preschool children have adequate vitamin D to reduce the risk of related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojun Chen
- Department of Child Health Care, Hangzhou Women's Hospital (Hangzhou Maternity and Child Care Hospital), Hangzhou, China
| | - Xi Lv
- Department of Teaching Office, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wensheng Hu
- Department of Child Health Care, Hangzhou Women's Hospital (Hangzhou Maternity and Child Care Hospital), Hangzhou, China
| | - Xia Qian
- Department of Child Health Care, Hangzhou Women's Hospital (Hangzhou Maternity and Child Care Hospital), Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Department of Child Health Care, Hangzhou Women's Hospital (Hangzhou Maternity and Child Care Hospital), Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunxia Zhu
- Department of Child Health Care, Hangzhou Women's Hospital (Hangzhou Maternity and Child Care Hospital), Hangzhou, China
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