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Haruna K, Minami S, Miyoshi N, Fujino S, Mizumoto R, Toyoda Y, Hayashi R, Kato S, Takeda M, Sekido Y, Hata T, Hamabe A, Ogino T, Takahashi H, Uemura M, Yamamoto H, Doki Y, Eguchi H. Examination of Sarcopenia with Obesity as a Prognostic Factor in Patients with Colorectal Cancer Using the Psoas Muscle Mass Index. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:3429. [PMID: 39410049 PMCID: PMC11482590 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16193429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2024] [Revised: 09/27/2024] [Accepted: 10/03/2024] [Indexed: 10/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Sarcopenia, the age-related loss of muscle mass, is a negative prognostic factor in gastrointestinal cancer. Sarcopenia combined with visceral obesity (sarcopenic obesity) is associated with poor outcomes. We explored the influence of obesity and other factors on the prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer diagnosed with sarcopenia. Methods: We enrolled 211 patients with colorectal cancer diagnosed with preoperative sarcopenic obesity who underwent radical resection at Osaka University Hospital between January 2009 and January 2012. Muscle mass was assessed using the psoas muscle mass index. Obesity was evaluated by measuring the visceral fat area in the umbilical region. Patients were categorized into two groups: sarcopenia with obesity (SO) and sarcopenia without obesity (non-SO). Overall survival, cancer-specific survival, and cancer-related relapse-free survival (CRRFS) were compared between the two groups. Patient characteristics, including age, sex, body mass index, serum albumin, C-reactive protein, tumor markers, prognostic nutritional index (PNI), modified Glasgow prognostic score (mGPS), and geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI), were also analyzed. Results: CRRFS was significantly shorter in the SO group than in the non-SO group (p = 0.028). PNI, mGPS, and GNRI were not identified as significant prognostic factors for CRRFS. Multivariate analysis highlighted sarcopenic obesity, elevated carcinoembryonic antigen levels, and unfavorable histological types as significant predictors of poor CRRFS outcomes. Conclusions: Sarcopenic obesity is an independent predictor of poor prognosis in patients with CRC. Thus, interventions aimed at increasing muscle mass and reducing visceral fat could potentially improve the prognosis of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Haruna
- Department of Innovative Oncology Research and Regenerative Medicine, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka 545-0871, Japan; (K.H.); (S.M.); (S.F.); (R.M.); (R.H.); (S.K.)
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (Y.T.); (M.T.); (Y.S.); (T.H.); (A.H.); (T.O.); (M.U.); (H.Y.); (Y.D.); (H.E.)
| | - Soichiro Minami
- Department of Innovative Oncology Research and Regenerative Medicine, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka 545-0871, Japan; (K.H.); (S.M.); (S.F.); (R.M.); (R.H.); (S.K.)
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (Y.T.); (M.T.); (Y.S.); (T.H.); (A.H.); (T.O.); (M.U.); (H.Y.); (Y.D.); (H.E.)
| | - Norikatsu Miyoshi
- Department of Innovative Oncology Research and Regenerative Medicine, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka 545-0871, Japan; (K.H.); (S.M.); (S.F.); (R.M.); (R.H.); (S.K.)
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (Y.T.); (M.T.); (Y.S.); (T.H.); (A.H.); (T.O.); (M.U.); (H.Y.); (Y.D.); (H.E.)
| | - Shiki Fujino
- Department of Innovative Oncology Research and Regenerative Medicine, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka 545-0871, Japan; (K.H.); (S.M.); (S.F.); (R.M.); (R.H.); (S.K.)
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (Y.T.); (M.T.); (Y.S.); (T.H.); (A.H.); (T.O.); (M.U.); (H.Y.); (Y.D.); (H.E.)
| | - Rie Mizumoto
- Department of Innovative Oncology Research and Regenerative Medicine, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka 545-0871, Japan; (K.H.); (S.M.); (S.F.); (R.M.); (R.H.); (S.K.)
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (Y.T.); (M.T.); (Y.S.); (T.H.); (A.H.); (T.O.); (M.U.); (H.Y.); (Y.D.); (H.E.)
| | - Yuki Toyoda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (Y.T.); (M.T.); (Y.S.); (T.H.); (A.H.); (T.O.); (M.U.); (H.Y.); (Y.D.); (H.E.)
| | - Rie Hayashi
- Department of Innovative Oncology Research and Regenerative Medicine, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka 545-0871, Japan; (K.H.); (S.M.); (S.F.); (R.M.); (R.H.); (S.K.)
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (Y.T.); (M.T.); (Y.S.); (T.H.); (A.H.); (T.O.); (M.U.); (H.Y.); (Y.D.); (H.E.)
| | - Shinya Kato
- Department of Innovative Oncology Research and Regenerative Medicine, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka 545-0871, Japan; (K.H.); (S.M.); (S.F.); (R.M.); (R.H.); (S.K.)
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (Y.T.); (M.T.); (Y.S.); (T.H.); (A.H.); (T.O.); (M.U.); (H.Y.); (Y.D.); (H.E.)
| | - Mitsunobu Takeda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (Y.T.); (M.T.); (Y.S.); (T.H.); (A.H.); (T.O.); (M.U.); (H.Y.); (Y.D.); (H.E.)
| | - Yuki Sekido
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (Y.T.); (M.T.); (Y.S.); (T.H.); (A.H.); (T.O.); (M.U.); (H.Y.); (Y.D.); (H.E.)
| | - Tsuyoshi Hata
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (Y.T.); (M.T.); (Y.S.); (T.H.); (A.H.); (T.O.); (M.U.); (H.Y.); (Y.D.); (H.E.)
| | - Atsushi Hamabe
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (Y.T.); (M.T.); (Y.S.); (T.H.); (A.H.); (T.O.); (M.U.); (H.Y.); (Y.D.); (H.E.)
| | - Takayuki Ogino
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (Y.T.); (M.T.); (Y.S.); (T.H.); (A.H.); (T.O.); (M.U.); (H.Y.); (Y.D.); (H.E.)
| | | | - Mamoru Uemura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (Y.T.); (M.T.); (Y.S.); (T.H.); (A.H.); (T.O.); (M.U.); (H.Y.); (Y.D.); (H.E.)
| | - Hirofumi Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (Y.T.); (M.T.); (Y.S.); (T.H.); (A.H.); (T.O.); (M.U.); (H.Y.); (Y.D.); (H.E.)
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (Y.T.); (M.T.); (Y.S.); (T.H.); (A.H.); (T.O.); (M.U.); (H.Y.); (Y.D.); (H.E.)
| | - Hidetoshi Eguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (Y.T.); (M.T.); (Y.S.); (T.H.); (A.H.); (T.O.); (M.U.); (H.Y.); (Y.D.); (H.E.)
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A Comparison Study on the Therapeutic Effect of High Protein Diets Based on Pork Protein versus Soybean Protein on Obese Mice. Foods 2022; 11:foods11091227. [PMID: 35563950 PMCID: PMC9101191 DOI: 10.3390/foods11091227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, an obese C57BL/6J mice model was induced to compare the effect of different high protein diets (soybean protein and pork protein) on obesity. The obese mice were randomly divided into four groups: natural recovery (NR), high-fat diet (HF), high soybean protein diet (HSP), and high pork protein diet (HPP) groups. After 12 weeks of dietary intervention, the obesity-related indexes of mice were measured, such as body weight, fat coefficients, blood lipid indexes and so on. Results showed that HSP and HPP decreased the weight and fat coefficients of mice, the levels of serum total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and leptin (p < 0.05). Soybean protein was shown to be more effective in reducing the weight and fat mass of obese mice, although pork protein seemed to have a better effect on regulating serum triglyceride (TG). In addition, the two high protein diets both alleviated hepatic fat deposition effectively. Furthermore, HPP and HSP decreased the expression of hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) and increased the protein expression of phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (pAMPK), phosphorylated acetyl CoA carboxylase (pACC), and uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the study shows that high protein diets based on both pork protein and soybean protein alleviated abdominal obesity in mice effectively by regulating lipid metabolism, probably via the UCP2-AMPK-ACC signaling pathway.
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Heu E, Lee Y, Kim D, Ha YC, Park Y. Validation of a New Food Frequency Questionnaire for Protein Intake Assessment in Korean. J Bone Metab 2022; 29:35-42. [PMID: 35325981 PMCID: PMC8948491 DOI: 10.11005/jbm.2022.29.1.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein intake is a modifiable factor associated with sarcopenia prevention; however, no appropriate methods exist to assess dietary protein intake in Koreans. This study developed and validated a simple and convenient food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to determine protein intake in Koreans. METHODS A total of 120 participants aged >19 years were asked to complete both the FFQ used by the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) and the newly developed Korean Protein Assessment Tool (KPAT). Protein intakes measured using the FFQ and the KPAT were compared using Pearson correlation coefficients, Bland-Altman plots, and intraclass correlation coefficients. RESULTS Protein intakes from the FFQ (62.06±25.56 g/day) and KPAT (61.12±24.26 g/day) did not differ significantly (P=0.144). Pearson's correlation coefficient values ranging from 0.92 to 0.96 indicated a positive correlation, while the intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.979 indicated excellent reliability in protein intake of the FFQ and the KPAT. The Bland-Altman plot also showed high agreement in the mean differences in protein intakes estimated by the FFQ and the KPAT. CONCLUSIONS KPAT, a newly developed and simplified method, showed an acceptable correlation compared to previous FFQ tools. Thus, the KPAT may be useful to assess dietary protein intake in the Korean population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunseo Heu
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Hanyang University, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Yunjung Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Hanyang University, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Donghyun Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Hanyang University, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Yong-Chan Ha
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Yongsoon Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Hanyang University, Seoul,
Korea
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Association between Carbohydrate Intake and the Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Women. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093098. [PMID: 34578975 PMCID: PMC8465012 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrates consist of a large proportion of calories in the Asian diet. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association between carbohydrate intake and metabolic syndrome in Korean women. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted with a total of 4294 Korean women aged 40–69 years from the Korean Genomic and Epidemiology Study (KoGES). Carbohydrate intake was calculated based on a validated food frequency questionnaire. Metabolic syndrome was defined by using the National Cholesterol Education Program, Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEPIII). Logistic regression was used to estimate the association of carbohydrate intake with metabolic syndrome and its components. In this study, high carbohydrate intake seemed to be associated with low socioeconomic status and an imbalanced diet. After adjusting for confounding factors, subjects with higher carbohydrate intake showed an increased risk of metabolic syndrome (odds ratio (OR) 1.34, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08–1.66, p-trend = 0.004, highest vs. lowest quartile [≥75.2 vs. <67.0% of energy]), particularly elevated waist circumference. This association was stronger among those with low levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and those with low dairy intake. In conclusion, higher carbohydrate intake is associated with a higher risk of metabolic syndrome, particularly abdominal obesity, in Korean women. This association may differ according to individuals’ CRP level and dairy intake.
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Abstract
Fat is one of the six types of taste. Perceived taste intensity could affect the preference for a food and whether or not it is consumed. Cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) translocates fatty acids on the cellular membrane and is involved in the oral fat-sensing mechanism. Therefore, genetic variation rs1761667 in CD36 is known to be associated with the perception of fat taste and, hence, its dietary intake. This study examined whether CD36 rs1527479 T>C, a proxy of rs1761667, is associated with fat intake and related dietary behaviour in Koreans. Using the data of the Ansan/Ansung Study, a part of the Korean Genome Epidemiology Study, the association of rs1527479 with the intake of macronutrients, including fat and selected foods, and fat-related dietary behaviours were investigated in 3194 males and 3425 females grouped by their degree of obesity. The findings suggested that rs1527479 did not have a meaningful effect on the intake of fat or other macronutrients or on the selection of food among non-obese females and males. However, in males with obesity, the genetic variation showed a significant association with vegetable intake. Obese males with the mutant CC genotype had substantially lower cruciferous vegetable consumption (adjusted P = 0·0015) than individuals with the TT and CT genotypes. Rs1527479 had no significant effect on the frequency of consuming fried foods or commonly used types of seasoning and cooking oils. In conclusion, CD36 genetic variation was associated with the intake of cruciferous vegetables but not fat intake in obese Korean males.
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Tallis J, Shelley S, Degens H, Hill C. Age-Related Skeletal Muscle Dysfunction Is Aggravated by Obesity: An Investigation of Contractile Function, Implications and Treatment. Biomolecules 2021; 11:372. [PMID: 33801275 PMCID: PMC8000988 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global epidemic and coupled with the unprecedented growth of the world's older adult population, a growing number of individuals are both old and obese. Whilst both ageing and obesity are associated with an increased prevalence of chronic health conditions and a substantial economic burden, evidence suggests that the coincident effects exacerbate negative health outcomes. A significant contributor to such detrimental effects may be the reduction in the contractile performance of skeletal muscle, given that poor muscle function is related to chronic disease, poor quality of life and all-cause mortality. Whilst the effects of ageing and obesity independently on skeletal muscle function have been investigated, the combined effects are yet to be thoroughly explored. Given the importance of skeletal muscle to whole-body health and physical function, the present study sought to provide a review of the literature to: (1) summarise the effect of obesity on the age-induced reduction in skeletal muscle contractile function; (2) understand whether obesity effects on skeletal muscle are similar in young and old muscle; (3) consider the consequences of these changes to whole-body functional performance; (4) outline important future work along with the potential for targeted intervention strategies to mitigate potential detrimental effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Tallis
- Centre for Applied Biological and Exercise Sciences, Alison Gingell Building, Coventry University, Priory Street, Coventry CV15FB, UK;
| | - Sharn Shelley
- Centre for Applied Biological and Exercise Sciences, Alison Gingell Building, Coventry University, Priory Street, Coventry CV15FB, UK;
| | - Hans Degens
- Research Centre for Musculoskeletal Science & Sports Medicine, Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M15 6BH, UK;
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, 44221 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Cameron Hill
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt’s House, Guy’s Campus, King’s College London, London SE1 1UL, UK;
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Lee KW, Shin D. Positive association between dietary acid load and future insulin resistance risk: findings from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. Nutr J 2020; 19:137. [PMID: 33292308 PMCID: PMC7724722 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-020-00653-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acid-base homeostasis is increasingly being recognized to play an important role in normal metabolic function. However, prospective studies on the relationship between diet-induced acid-base imbalance and insulin resistance among Asian populations have been limited. Thus, we investigated whether diet-induced metabolic acidosis was prospectively associated with insulin resistance risk in middle-aged and older Korean adults. Methods In total, 5406 participants from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study without type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, cancer, or renal diseases at baseline examination were included in this study. To estimate diet-induced metabolic acidosis, we used potential renal acid load (PRAL) and net endogenous acid production (NEAP) scores calculated from the usual dietary intake assessed by a validated 103-item food frequency questionnaire at baseline. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were applied to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of insulin resistance incidence. Results During a mean follow-up period of 7.4 years, we documented 3449 insulin resistance cases. In the fully adjusted model, the future insulin resistance risk was significantly higher among participants in the highest quartiles of PRAL (HR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.13–1.48, Ptrend = 0.0002) and NEAP (HR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.14–1.49, Ptrend = 0.0008) than among those in the lowest quartiles. Associations were slightly strengthened among men, adults < 50 years old, obese participants, or those with low physical activity levels. Conclusions Our findings suggested that diet-dependent acid load was positively associated with the future development of insulin resistance, suggesting effect modification by sex, age, the presence of obesity, and physical activity levels. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12937-020-00653-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Won Lee
- Department of Home Economics Education, Korea National University of Education, Cheongju, 28173, South Korea
| | - Dayeon Shin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, 22212, South Korea.
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So E, Joung H. Effect of Dairy Protein Intake on Muscle Mass among Korean Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2537. [PMID: 32825743 PMCID: PMC7551315 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This cohort study aimed to identify the associations of dairy protein intake with the risk of developing a low muscle mass during a 12-year follow-up period, using data from 4412 middle-aged Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study participants with a normal baseline muscle mass. Dairy protein intake at baseline was assessed using a semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire. Skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), defined as the weight-adjusted skeletal muscle mass, was measured biennially using multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analyses. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to calculate multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Overall, 395 subjects developed a low SMI (%) during an average follow-up of 141 (19-152) months. The average consumption of milk and other dairy products was 73.6 and 104.1 g/day, respectively. In men, a higher dairy protein intake was associated with a decreased risk of developing a low SMI (tertile 3 [T3] vs. T1, HR: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.42, 0.94; p for trend = 0.029). In a stratified analysis according to a total protein intake, this association was stronger in the lower-protein intake group (HR: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.35, 0.99; p for trend = 0.036) but not detected in the higher-protein intake group. Men who consumed milk ≥1 time/day had a significantly lower risk of developing a low SMI (HR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.39, 0.98; p for trend = 0.023). No significant associations were observed in women. In summary, dairy consumption appears to be beneficial for decreasing the risk of developing a low muscle mass in middle-aged Korean men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjin So
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Catholic University of Korea Seoul St, Mary’s Hospital, Seoul 06591, Korea;
| | - Hyojee Joung
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Public Health & Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
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Braidy N, Villalva MD, van Eeden S. Sobriety and Satiety: Is NAD+ the Answer? Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9050425. [PMID: 32423100 PMCID: PMC7278809 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9050425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is an essential pyridine nucleotide that has garnered considerable interest in the last century due to its critical role in cellular processes associated with energy production, cellular protection against stress and longevity. Research in NAD+ has been reinvigorated by recent findings that components of NAD+ metabolism and NAD-dependent enzymes can influence major signalling processes associated with the neurobiology of addiction. These studies implicate raising intracellular NAD+ levels as a potential target for managing and treating addictive behaviour and reducing cravings and withdrawal symptoms in patients with food addiction and/or substance abuse. Since clinical studies showing the use of NAD+ for the treatment of addiction are limited, this review provides literature evidence that NAD+ can influence the neurobiology of addiction and may have benefits as an anti-addiction intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nady Braidy
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Maria D. Villalva
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
| | - Sam van Eeden
- Centre for Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK;
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