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Salami SA, Taylor-Pickard J, Ross SA, Moran CA. A Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Dietary Yeast Mannan-Rich Fraction on Broiler Performance and the Implication for Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Chicken Production. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1595. [PMID: 38891642 PMCID: PMC11171374 DOI: 10.3390/ani14111595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Dietary supplementation of yeast-derived mannan-rich fraction (MRF) could improve the gastrointestinal health and production efficiency of broilers, and, consequently, lower the environmental impacts of chicken production. The objective of this meta-analysis was to quantify the retrospective effects of feeding MRF (Actigen®, Alltech Inc., Nicholasville, KY) on the production performance of broilers. The meta-analysis database included 27 studies and consisted of 66 comparisons of MRF-supplemented diets vs. basal (i.e., negative control) and antibiotic-supplemented (i.e., positive control) diets. A total of 34,596 broilers were involved in the comparisons and the average final age of the birds was 35 days. Additionally, the impact of feeding MRF on the carbon footprint (feed and total emission intensities) of chicken production was evaluated using the meta-analysis results of broiler performance (MRF vs. basal diets) to develop a scenario simulation that was analyzed by a life cycle assessment (LCA) model. A database of all trials (MRF vs. basal and antibiotic diets) indicated that feeding MRF increased (p < 0.01) average daily feed intake (ADFI; +3.7%), final body weight (FBW; +3.5%), and average daily gain (ADG; 4.1%) and improved (p < 0.01) feed conversion ratio (FCR; -1.7%) without affecting (p > 0.05) mortality. A subdatabase of MRF vs. basal diets indicated that dietary MRF increased ADFI (+4.5%), FBW (+4.7%), and ADG (+6.3%) and improved FCR (-2.2%) and mortality (-21.1%). For the subdatabase of MRF vs. antibiotic diets, both treatments exhibited equivalent effects (p > 0.05) on broiler performance parameters, suggesting that MRF could be an effective alternative to in-feed antibiotics. Subgroup analysis revealed that different study factors (year of study, breed/strain, production challenges, and MRF feeding duration) influenced the effect of dietary MRF on broiler performance. Simulated life cycle analysis (LCA) indicated that feeding MRF decreased feed and total emission intensities, on average, by -2.4% and -2.1%, respectively. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that dietary MRF is an effective nutritional solution for improving broiler performance, an effective alternative to in-feed antibiotic growth promoters, and reduces the environmental impact of poultry meat production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saheed A. Salami
- Alltech Biotechnology Centre, Summerhill Road, A86 X006 Dunboyne, Ireland;
| | - Jules Taylor-Pickard
- Solutions Deployment Team, Alltech (UK) Ltd., Ryhall Road, Stamford PE9 1TZ, UK;
| | | | - Colm A. Moran
- Regulatory Affairs Department, Alltech SARL, Rue Charles Amand, 14500 Vire, France
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Phimister FD, Anderson RC, Thomas DG, Farquhar MJ, Maclean P, Jauregui R, Young W, Butowski CF, Bermingham EN. Using meta-analysis to understand the impacts of dietary protein and fat content on the composition of fecal microbiota of domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris): A pilot study. Microbiologyopen 2024; 13:e1404. [PMID: 38515236 PMCID: PMC10958101 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The interplay between diet and fecal microbiota composition is garnering increased interest across various host species, including domestic dogs. While the influence of dietary macronutrients and their associated microbial communities have been extensively reviewed, these reviews are descriptive and do not account for differences in microbial community analysis, nor do they standardize macronutrient content across studies. To address this, a meta-analysis was performed to assess the impact of dietary crude protein ("protein") and dietary crude fat ("fat") on the fecal microbiota composition in healthy dogs. Sixteen publications met the eligibility criteria for the meta-analysis, yielding a final data set of 314 dogs. Diets were classed as low, moderate, high, or supra in terms of protein or fat content. Sequence data from each publication were retrieved from public databases and reanalyzed using consistent bioinformatic pipelines. Analysis of community diversity indices and unsupervised clustering of the data with principal coordinate analysis revealed a small effect size and complete overlap between protein and fat levels at the overall community level. Supervised clustering through random forest analysis and partial least squares-discriminant analysis indicated alterations in the fecal microbiota composition at a more individual taxonomic level, corresponding to the levels of protein or fat. The Prevotellaceae Ga6A1 group and Enterococcus were associated with increasing levels of protein, while Allobaculum and Clostridium sensu stricto 13 were associated with increasing levels of fat. Interestingly, the random forest analyses revealed that Sharpea, despite its low relative abundance in the dog's fecal microbiome, was primarily responsible for the separation of the microbiome for both protein and fat. Future research should focus on validating and understanding the functional roles of these relatively low-abundant genera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis D. Phimister
- AgResearch LtdManawatu‐WhanganuiNew Zealand
- School of Agricultural and EnvironmentMassey UniversityManawatu‐WhanganuiNew Zealand
| | | | - David G. Thomas
- School of Agricultural and EnvironmentMassey UniversityManawatu‐WhanganuiNew Zealand
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Li ML, Zhang F, Luo HY, Quan ZW, Wang YF, Huang LT, Wang JH. Improving sarcopenia in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of whey protein supplementation with or without resistance training. J Nutr Health Aging 2024; 28:100184. [PMID: 38350303 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to comprehensively analyze the effects of whey protein (WP)-enriched supplement intake with or without resistance training (RT) in older patients, either from the community or hospital, who were diagnosed with sarcopenia according to the EWGSOP or AWGS criteria. METHODS This meta-analysis study was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023407885). We searched the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases for RCTs up to June 1, 2023. Standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to estimate the pooled results. RESULTS Ten RCT studies, including 1154 participants, were included and analyzed. The primary outcomes were the changes in muscle mass, strength, and physical performance. In WP group versus (vs.) Isocaloric placebo (PLA)/Routine consultation (RC) group, WP significantly increased the appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (SMD: 0.47, 95%CI: 0.23, 0.71), appendicular skeletal muscle mass (SMD: 0.28, 95%CI: 0.11, 0.45) and gait speed (SMD: 1.13, 95%CI: 0.82, 1.44) in older patients with sarcopenia. In WP with RT group vs. PLA/ RC group, there was significant increase in handgrip strength (SMD: 0.67, 95%CI: 0.29, 1.04). In addition, in the secondary outcomes, WP significantly reduced interleukin-6, significantly increased insulin-like growth factor-1 and albumin, promoted participants' intake of total energy and protein, enhanced activities of daily living scores in patients, and had no significant effect on BMI, weight, or fat mass. CONCLUSION This review confirms that WP can improve various aspects of older adult with sarcopenia, thereby enhancing their overall physical condition. More studies should be conducted to validate this result and further explore the effects of WP and RT in patients with sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Lin Li
- Department of Family Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- Department of Family Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Han-Yong Luo
- Department of Family Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zi-Wei Quan
- Department of Family Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yi-Fei Wang
- Department of Family Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Le-Tian Huang
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Jia-He Wang
- Department of Family Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
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Moore E, Patanwala I, Jafari A, Davies IG, Kirwan RP, Newson L, Mazidi M, Lane KE. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to evaluate plant-based omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patient biomarkers and parameters. Nutr Rev 2024; 82:143-165. [PMID: 37290426 PMCID: PMC10777680 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is prevalent in 25-30% of British and European populations, representing a potential global public health crisis. Marine omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids offer well-evidenced benefits to NAFLD biomarkers; however, the effect of plant-based n-3 has not been evaluated with a systematic review and meta-analysis. OBJECTIVE The review aimed to systematically evaluate the effect of plant-based n-3 supplementation on NAFLD surrogate biomarkers and parameters. DATA SOURCES Medline (EBSCO), PubMed, CINAHL (EBSCO), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, and Google Scholar databases were searched to identify randomized controlled trials published between January 1970 and March 2022 evaluating the impact of plant-based n-3 interventions on diagnosed NAFLD. The review followed the PRISMA checklist and is PROSPERO registered (CRD42021251980). DATA EXTRACTION A random-effects model and generic inverse variance methods synthesized quantitative data, followed by a leave-one-out method for sensitivity analysis. We identified 986 articles; after the application of selection criteria, six studies remained with 362 patients with NAFLD. RESULTS The meta-analysis showed that plant-based n-3 fatty acid supplementation significantly reduced alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (mean difference: 8.04 IU/L; 95% confidence interval: 14.70, 1.38; I2 = 48.61%) and plasma/serum triglycerides (44.51 mg/dL; 95% confidence interval: -76.93, -12.08; I2 = 69.93%), alongside body-composition markers in patients with NAFLD (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Plant-based n-3 fatty acid supplementation improves ALT enzyme biomarkers, triglycerides, body mass index, waist circumference, and weight loss when combined with lifestyle interventions to increase physical activity and a calorie-controlled diet. Further research is needed to identify the most effective plant-based n-3 sources in larger numbers of patients with NAFLD over longer study durations. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration no. CRD42021251980.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella Moore
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | - Alireza Jafari
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ian G Davies
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Richard P Kirwan
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Newson
- School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Mohsen Mazidi
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katie E Lane
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Bodnaruc AM, Vincent C, Soto C, Duquet M, Prud’homme D, Giroux I. Gathering the Evidence on Diet and Depression: A Protocol for an Umbrella Review and Updated Meta-Analyses. Methods Protoc 2023; 6:78. [PMID: 37736961 PMCID: PMC10514888 DOI: 10.3390/mps6050078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Our objectives are to perform (1) an umbrella review on diet and depression, (2) a systematic review update on dietary patterns and depression, and (3) updated meta-analyses using studies from the previous two objectives. Systematic reviews examining the relationships between diet and depression and primary studies on the relationship between dietary patterns and depression will be systematically retrieved via several databases. All articles identified through the database searches will be imported into Covidence. Following duplicates removal, two authors will independently perform title and abstract screening and full-text assessment against eligibility criteria. Data will be extracted using tables developed for both systematic reviews and primary studies. The methodological quality of systematic reviews will be assessed using the AMSTAR-2 tool. The risk of bias in randomized trials, cohort and cross-sectional studies, as well as case-control studies, will be assessed with the Cochrane risk-of-bias (RoB-2) tool, the NHLBI Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies, and the NHLBI Quality Assessment Tool for Case-Control studies, respectively. For each dietary variable, data extracted will be used to produce: (1) a summary of systematic reviews' characteristics and results table, (2) a summary of the primary studies characteristics table, (3) a qualitative summary of results from the primary studies table, and (4) a quantitative summary of results in the form of forest plots. The certainty of evidence will be assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) approach. Upon completion, this systematic review will be the most comprehensive and up-to-date synthesis of currently available evidence on the relationships between diet and depression. It will serve as a key reference to guide future research and as a resource for health professionals in the fields of nutrition and psychiatry. PROSPERO CRD42022343253.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M. Bodnaruc
- School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (A.M.B.); (C.V.); (C.S.); (M.D.)
| | - Coralie Vincent
- School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (A.M.B.); (C.V.); (C.S.); (M.D.)
| | - Carolina Soto
- School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (A.M.B.); (C.V.); (C.S.); (M.D.)
| | - Miryam Duquet
- School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (A.M.B.); (C.V.); (C.S.); (M.D.)
| | | | - Isabelle Giroux
- School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (A.M.B.); (C.V.); (C.S.); (M.D.)
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Santo André HC, Esteves GP, Barreto GHC, Longhini F, Dolan E, Benatti FB. The Influence of n-3PUFA Supplementation on Muscle Strength, Mass, and Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:115-127. [PMID: 36811583 PMCID: PMC10103001 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3PUFA) supplementation on skeletal muscle are currently unclear. The purpose of this systematic review was to synthesize all available evidence regarding the influence of n-3PUFA supplementation on muscle mass, strength, and function in healthy young and older adults. Four databases were searched (Medline, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, and SportDiscus). Predefined eligibility criteria were determined according to Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcomes, and Study Design. Only peer-reviewed studies were included. The Cochrane RoB2 Tool and the NutriGrade approach were used to access risk of bias and certainty in evidence. Effect sizes were calculated using pre-post scores and analyzed using a three-level, random-effects meta-analysis. When sufficient studies were available, subanalyses were performed in the muscle mass, strength, and function outcomes according to participant's age (<60 or ≥60 years), supplementation dosage (<2 or ≥2 g/day), and training intervention ("resistance training" vs. "none or other"). Overall, 14 individual studies were included, total 1443 participants (913 females; 520 males) and 52 outcomes measures. Studies had high overall risk of bias and consideration of all NutriGrade elements resulted in a certainty assessment of moderate meta-evidence for all outcomes. n-3PUFA supplementation had no significant effect on muscle mass (standard mean difference [SMD] = 0.07 [95% CI: -0.02, 0.17], P = 0.11) and muscle function (SMD = 0.03 [95% CI: -0.09, 0.15], P = 0.58), but it showed a very small albeit significant positive effect on muscle strength (SMD = 0.12 [95% CI: 0.006, 0.24], P = 0.04) in participants when compared with placebo. Subgroup analyses showed that age, supplementation dose, or cosupplementation alongside resistance training did not influence these responses. In conclusion, our analyses indicated that n-3PUFA supplementation may lead to very small increases in muscle strength but did not impact muscle mass and function in healthy young and older adults. To our knowledge, this is the first review and meta-analysis investigating whether n-3PUFA supplementation can lead to increases in muscle strength, mass, and function in healthy adults. Registered protocol: doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/2FWQT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriel P Esteves
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel H C Barreto
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Longhini
- School of Applied Science (FCA), State University of Campinas, Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | - Eimear Dolan
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabiana B Benatti
- School of Applied Science (FCA), State University of Campinas, Limeira, SP, Brazil; Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Moore E, Fadel A, Lane KE. The effects of consuming a Mediterranean style diet on associated COVID-19 severity biomarkers in obese/overweight adults: A systematic review. Nutr Health 2022; 28:647-667. [PMID: 36131504 PMCID: PMC9494166 DOI: 10.1177/02601060221127853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background COVID-19 severity is strongly associated with high Body Mass Index (BMI)
(≥25kg/m2) amongst adults and elevated inflammatory markers
have enabled prediction of disease progression. The composition of a
Mediterranean diet provides favourable outcomes on weight reduction and
inflammatory markers. Aim This systematic review aimed to investigate the effects of consuming a
Mediterranean diet on BMI and inflammatory markers of obese/overweight
adults (≥18 years) at risk of developing severe COVID-19 outcomes. Methods PubMed Central, Cochrane Library and MEDLINE databases were searched to
identify randomised controlled trials published between January 2010 to
August 2021 evaluating the impact of Mediterranean diet on BMI and
inflammatory markers in overweight/obese adults. The review followed the
PRISMA checklist, used Cochrane Collaboration search strategies, and is
PROSPERO registered (CRD42021277070). Two authors independently screened and
evaluated studies for methodological quality. Papers were extracted and
included based eligibility, despite risk of bias scores. Results Of 65 extracted records, six studies met the eligibility criteria and were
included. Reductions in BMI, TNF-α, IL-6 and hs-CRP were reported amongst
most findings, the majority of which were significant. Conclusion The main findings indicate a hypocaloric, fibre dense Mediterranean diet is a
short-term (<4 months) mitigation strategy to significantly reduce BMI
and inflammatory markers amongst overweight/obese adults at risk of
developing severe COVID-19 outcomes. Further research is now needed to
examine the role of Mediterranean diet in COVID-19 prevalence, severity,
morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella Moore
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science, School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, 4589Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Abdulmannan Fadel
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science, School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, 4589Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Katie E Lane
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science, School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, 4589Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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The Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on the Severity of Symptoms and the Quality of Life in Irritable Bowel Syndrome Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132618. [PMID: 35807798 PMCID: PMC9268238 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), a gastrointestinal disorder affecting 7–12% of the population, is characterized by abdominal pain, bloating, and alternating bowel patterns. Data on risk and protective influences have yielded conflicting evidence on the effects of alternative interventions, such as vitamin D. This review focuses on the effects of vitamin D on IBS. A systematic review and meta-analysis considered all articles published until 4 April 2022. The search for randomized controlled trials assessing vitamin D efficacy in IBS with outcomes, primary (Irritable Bowel Severity Scoring System (IBS-SSS)) and secondary (IBS quality of life (IBS-QoL) and serum level of calcifediol (25(OH)D)), was performed on six databases, Google Scholar, Web of Science, SCOPUS, EMBASE, PubMed (MEDLINE), and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. We included six trials with 616 patients. The pooled analysis found no difference between vitamin D and placebo in improving IBS-SSS (MD: −45.82 with 95% CI [−93.62, 1.98], p = 0.06). However, the pooled analysis favored vitamin D over placebo in improving the IBS-Qol (MD: 6.19 with 95% CI [0.35, 12.03], p = 0.04) and serum 25(OH)D (MD: 25.2 with 95% CI [18.41, 31.98], p = 0.00001). Therefore, further clinical trials are required to reach clinically applicable and generalizable findings.
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Pradelli L, Adolph M, Calder PC, Deutz NE, Carmona TG, Michael-Titus AT, Muscaritoli M, Singer P. Commentary on 'Guidelines for the provision of nutrition support therapy in the adult critically ill patient: The American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition'. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2022; 46:1226-1227. [PMID: 35650681 DOI: 10.1002/jpen.2417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
As authors of recent meta-analyses evaluating lipids for parenteral nutrition1,2 and/or the ESPEN Expert Group: lipids in the intensive care unit3 we welcome the updating of the ASPEN guidelines for clinical nutrition in adult critically ill patients,4 but would like to remark on certain aspects that cause us concern This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Adolph
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Nutrition Support Team, University Hospital Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Philip C Calder
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom, and National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolaas E Deutz
- Human Clinical Research Facility, Director, Center for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | | | - Adina T Michael-Titus
- Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, The Blizard Institute, Barts and The London, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Pierre Singer
- Division of Anesthesia and Intensive Care of the Sackler School of Medicine, Rabin Medical Center, Hasharon Hospital, Chairman of ESPEN, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, and Head of Department of General Intensive Care and Institute for Nutrition Research, Tel Aviv, Israel
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10
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Kiloes AM, Azizan FA, Checco J, Joyce D, Abdul Aziz A. What do consumers want in fresh mangoes? A systematic literature review. Int J Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adhitya Marendra Kiloes
- School of Agriculture and Food Science The University of Queensland Gatton QLD 4343 Australia
- Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development Bogor Jawa Barat 16111 Indonesia
| | - Fathin Ayuni Azizan
- School of Agriculture and Food Science The University of Queensland Gatton QLD 4343 Australia
| | - Julia Checco
- School of Agriculture and Food Science The University of Queensland Gatton QLD 4343 Australia
| | - Daryl Joyce
- School of Agriculture and Food Science The University of Queensland Gatton QLD 4343 Australia
| | - Ammar Abdul Aziz
- School of Agriculture and Food Science The University of Queensland Gatton QLD 4343 Australia
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11
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Kanukula R, McKenzie JE, Bero L, Dai Z, McDonald S, Kroeger CM, Korevaar E, Page MJ. Methods used to select results to include in meta-analyses of nutrition research: a meta-research study. J Clin Epidemiol 2021; 142:171-183. [PMID: 34780979 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2021.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate how often review authors encounter multiple results from included studies that are eligible for inclusion in a particular meta-analysis, and how often methods to select results are specified. METHODS MEDLINE and Epistemonikos were searched (January 2018 - June 2019) to identify systematic reviews with meta-analysis of the association between food/diet and health-related outcomes. A random sample of these reviews was selected, and for the first presented ('index') meta-analysis, rules used to select effect estimates to include in this meta-analysis were extracted from the reviews and their protocols. All effect estimates from the primary studies that were eligible for inclusion in the index meta-analyses were extracted (e.g. when a study report presented effect estimates for blood pressure at 3 weeks and 6 weeks, both unadjusted and adjusted for covariates, and all were eligible for inclusion in a meta-analysis of the effect of red meat consumption on blood pressure, we extracted all estimates and classified the study as having "multiplicity of results"). RESULTS Forty-two systematic reviews with 325 studies (104 randomized, 221 non-randomized) were included; 14 reviews had a protocol. In 29% of review protocols and 69% of reviews, authors specified at least one decision rule to select effect estimates when multiple were available. In 68% of studies included in the index meta-analyses, there was at least one type of multiplicity of results. CONCLUSIONS Authors of systematic reviews of nutrition studies should anticipate encountering multiplicity of results in the included primary studies. Specification of methods to handle multiplicity when designing reviews is therefore recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Kanukula
- School of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Joanne E McKenzie
- School of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Lisa Bero
- Center for Bioethics and Humanities, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 13080 E. 19th Ave, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Zhaoli Dai
- Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, 75 Talavera Rd, North Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, D17, The Hub, 6th Floor, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Sally McDonald
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, D17, The Hub, 6th Floor, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Cynthia M Kroeger
- Charles Perkins Centre, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, D17, The Hub, 6th Floor, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Korevaar
- School of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Matthew J Page
- School of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia.
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Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis Provides No Evidence of Intervention Response Variation in Individuals Supplementing With Beta-Alanine. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2021; 31:305-313. [PMID: 34098531 DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2021-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Currently, little is known about the extent of interindividual variability in response to beta-alanine (BA) supplementation, nor what proportion of said variability can be attributed to external factors or to the intervention itself (intervention response). To investigate this, individual participant data on the effect of BA supplementation on a high-intensity cycling capacity test (CCT110%) were meta-analyzed. Changes in time to exhaustion (TTE) and muscle carnosine were the primary and secondary outcomes. Multilevel distributional Bayesian models were used to estimate the mean and SD of BA and placebo group change scores. The relative sizes of group SDs were used to infer whether observed variation in change scores were due to intervention or non-intervention-related effects. Six eligible studies were identified, and individual data were obtained from four of these. Analyses showed a group effect of BA supplementation on TTE (7.7, 95% credible interval [CrI] [1.3, 14.3] s) and muscle carnosine (18.1, 95% CrI [14.5, 21.9] mmol/kg DM). A large intervention response variation was identified for muscle carnosine (σIR = 5.8, 95% CrI [4.2, 7.4] mmol/kg DM) while equivalent change score SDs were shown for TTE in both the placebo (16.1, 95% CrI [13.0, 21.3] s) and BA (15.9, 95% CrI [13.0, 20.0] s) conditions, with the probability that SD was greater in placebo being 0.64. In conclusion, the similarity in observed change score SDs between groups for TTE indicates the source of variation is common to both groups, and therefore unrelated to the supplement itself, likely originating instead from external factors such as nutritional intake, sleep patterns, or training status.
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Aymerich P, Tokach MD, Dritz SS, Gasa J, Coma J, Solà-Oriol D. Lysine requirements of finishing boars and gilts: A meta-analysis. Animal 2021; 15:100218. [PMID: 34029792 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2021.100218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The expected increase in boar (pig entire male) production while societal concerns for castration increase requires good estimations of their nutrient requirements. In this work, a meta-analytical approach was used to overcome the inconsistent results between studies that compared lysine requirements of boars and gilts. For this meta-analysis, data from 14 different studies analysing the effect of increasing dietary lysine on growth performance of finishing pigs, 70-100 kg average body weight, were extracted from 11 publications. Those studies represented 128 different treatments (53 for boars and 75 for gilts). Diets were reformulated based on NRC (2012) ingredient values to calculate standardized ileal digestible lysine to net energy ratio (SID Lys:NE) and daily SID Lys intake using average daily feed intake (ADFI). As expected, no evidence for differences in ADFI (P = 0.303) was observed between boars and gilts. However, boars grew faster (P < 0.001) and had higher gain to feed (G:F; P < 0.001). The divergent effect of SID Lys:NE on average daily gain (ADG) and G:F was analysed in a quadratic polynomial model showing different parameters for each sex (P < 0.001). Although performance between sexes was similar at low SID Lys:NE, differences were greater at higher SID Lys:NE. Furthermore, broken-line linear, broken-line quadratic (BLQ) and quadratic polynomial (QP) models were fitted to each sex to determine SID Lys:NE and SID Lys daily intake requirements to maximize ADG and G:F. Overall, QP models showed the best fit, and reported that to reach maximum ADG 0.88 (95% CI:[0.82-0.94]) or 1.01 (95% CI:[0.91-1.11]) g SID Lys/MJ, NE was required for gilts and boars, respectively. However, boar ADG was best fitted by BLQ using SID Lys daily intake as independent variable, with the requirement for maximum ADG at 24.2 (95% CI:[21.3-27.2]) g SID Lys/day. The three models reported wide confidence intervals for the requirements at maximum performance, and consequently those were overlapped when comparing boars and gilts. Maximum boars' productive performance when dietary lysine was not limiting was 116% of gilts, and at those levels the amount of SID Lys intake required per kg gain was similar between both sexes. Thus, because ADFI and Lys efficiency of gain was similar, the requirement differences were driven by the increased growth rate and gain to feed ratio between boars and gilts. In conclusion, the present study confirmed a greater productive response of boars compared to gilts when increasing dietary lysine.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Aymerich
- Vall Companys Group, Lleida 25191, Spain; Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service, Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain.
| | - M D Tokach
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506, KS, USA
| | - S S Dritz
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506, KS, USA
| | - J Gasa
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service, Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - J Coma
- Vall Companys Group, Lleida 25191, Spain
| | - D Solà-Oriol
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service, Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
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14
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Mbous YPV, Mohamed R, Kelley GA, Kelly KM. Interventions to improve physical activity in colorectal cancer survivors: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Adv Nurs 2021; 77:3921-3932. [PMID: 33969910 DOI: 10.1111/jan.14879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To examine the effectiveness of physical activity (PA) interventions on changes in PA among colorectal cancer survivors, including an examination of theoretical versus atheoretical-driven approaches, with a special focus on their effectiveness across ethnic and racial minorities. DESIGN Systematic review with aggregated data meta-analyses. DATA SOURCES Using six databases (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL with full text, Scopus and Web of Science), we will screen for randomized controlled trials written in English from May 1, 1993 up to December 31, 2020. REVIEW METHODS Dual study-selection and data abstraction will be performed. The Behavior Change Technique Taxonomy (v1) will be used to examine behavior change techniques among selected studies, while the Theory Coding Scheme will be used to assess the extent of theory use. Risk of bias will be assessed using the revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials, while the strength of the evidence will be assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation instrument. In addition, intervention delivery will be appraised using the Template for Intervention Description and Replication. Changes in PA from each study will be calculated using the standardized mean difference effect size (Hedge's g). Results will be pooled using the inverse-variance heterogeneity model. Heterogeneity (Cochran's Q) and inconsistency (I2 ) will be examined, while small-study effects (publication bias) will be evaluated using the Doi plot and LFK Index. Meta-regression will also be conducted to examine for potential associations between changes in physical activity and selected covariates (theoretical versus atheoretical-driven approaches, race/ethnicity). DISCUSSION This systematic review will identify specific racial/ethnic minorities for whom interventions are most effective and summarize the evidence of the effectiveness of theoretical vs. theoretical based intervention. IMPACT This systematic review can direct policymakers and practitioners towards actions that are likely to bring about positive physical activity behaviour change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Paul Vincent Mbous
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Systems and Policy, West Virginia University, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center [North], Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Rowida Mohamed
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Systems and Policy, West Virginia University, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center [North], Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - George A Kelley
- School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Kimberly Michelle Kelly
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Systems and Policy, West Virginia University, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center [North], Morgantown, WV, USA
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15
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Dolan E, Dumas A, Keane KM, Bestetti G, Freitas LHM, Gualano B, Kohrt W, Kelley GA, Pereira RMR, Sale C, Swinton P. The influence of acute exercise on bone biomarkers: protocol for a systematic review with meta-analysis. Syst Rev 2020; 9:291. [PMID: 33308281 PMCID: PMC7733242 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-020-01551-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone is a plastic tissue that is responsive to its physical environment. As a result, exercise interventions represent a potential means to influence the bone. However, little is currently known about how various exercise and participant characteristics interact to influence bone metabolism. Acute, controlled, interventions provide an in vivo model through which the acute bone response to exercise can be investigated, typically by monitoring circulating bone biomarkers. Currently, substantial heterogeneity in factors such as study design, quality, exercise, and participant characteristics render it difficult to synthesize and evaluate the available evidence. Using a systematic review and meta-analytic approach, the aim of this investigation is to quantify the effect of an acute exercise bout on circulating bone biomarkers as well as examine the potential factors that may moderate this response, e.g., variation in participant, exercise, and sampling characteristics. METHODS This protocol was designed in accordance with the PRISMA-P guidelines. Seven databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Sport Discus, Cochrane CENTRAL, PEDro, LILACS, and Ibec) will be systematically searched and supplemented by a secondary screening of the reference lists of all included articles. The PICOS (Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcomes and Study Design) approach was used to guide the determination of the eligibility criteria. Participants of any age, sex, training, or health status will be considered for inclusion. We will select studies that have measured the bone biomarker response before and after an acute exercise session. All biomarkers considered to represent the bone metabolism will be considered for inclusion, and sensitivity analyses will be conducted using reference biomarkers for the measurement of bone resorption and formation (namely β-CTX-1 and P1NP). Multi-level, meta-regression models within a Bayesian framework will be used to explore the main effect of acute exercise on bone biomarkers as well as potential moderating factors. The risk of bias for each individual study will be evaluated using a modified version of the Downs and Black checklist while certainty in resultant outcomes will be assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. DISCUSSION A better understanding of the bone metabolic response to an acute bout of exercise has the potential to advance our understanding of the mechanisms through which this stimulus impacts bone metabolism, including factors that may moderate this response. Additionally, we will identify current gaps in the evidence base and provide recommendations to inform future research. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION This protocol was prospectively registered in the Open Science Framework Registry ( https://osf.io/6f8dz ).
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Affiliation(s)
- E Dolan
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport; Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - A Dumas
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport; Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - K M Keane
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - G Bestetti
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport; Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - L H M Freitas
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport; Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - B Gualano
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport; Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Food Research Centre, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - W Kohrt
- Centre for Women's Health Research, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, USA
| | - G A Kelley
- Department of Biostatistics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, USA
| | - R M R Pereira
- Bone Metabolism Laboratory, Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - C Sale
- Musculoskeletal Physiology Research Group, Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - P Swinton
- School of Health Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, UK
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Relative validity of FFQ to assess food items, energy, macronutrient and micronutrient intake in children and adolescents: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Br J Nutr 2020; 125:792-818. [PMID: 32807247 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520003220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
FFQ are one of the most widely used tools of research into nutritional epidemiology, and many studies have been conducted in several countries using this dietary assessment method. The present study aimed to evaluate the relative validity of FFQ, in comparison with other methods, in assessing dietary intake of children and adolescents, through a systematic review. Four electronic databases (Embase, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science) found sixty-seven articles, which met the inclusion criteria (healthy children and adolescents from 3 to 18 years of age; journal articles written in English, Spanish and Portuguese between 1988 and March 2019; results showing the comparison between the FFQ with other methods of assessment of dietary intake). The articles were analysed by two independent reviewers. A meta-analysis was conducted using correlation coefficients as estimate effects between the FFQ and the reference standard method. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression were performed to identify the probable source of heterogeneity. In fifty-five of the sixty-seven studies, a single dietary assessment method was used to evaluate the FFQ; nine combined the two methods and three used three reference methods. The most widely used reference method was the 24-h recall, followed by the food record. The overall relative validity of the FFQ to estimate energy, macronutrient, certain micronutrient and certain food item intakes in children and adolescents may be considered weak. The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO under number CRD42016038706.
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Editorial on writing reviews for the British Journal of Nutrition. Br J Nutr 2020; 123:961-963. [PMID: 32616102 PMCID: PMC7282866 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520000185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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