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Fernandes DS, Okuma D, Pantoja-Gomez LM, Cuenca A, Corrêa AS. Bemisia tabaci MEAM1 still remains the dominant species in open field crops in Brazil. BRAZ J BIOL 2024; 84:e256949. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.256949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Among Bemisia tabaci species, the invasive MEAM1 and MED species are key agricultural pests for many crops. In Brazil, most part of B. tabaci population outbreaks were associated with MEAM1, which, since 1990s quickly spread across the entire country. Later in 2014, the MED was identified in Brazil, initially more restricted to greenhouses, but suddenly reaching new areas in the South and Southeast open regions. Thus, our objective was to investigate the geographical distribution of MEAM1 and MED on open field crops in Brazil. MEAM1 is still the predominant species on open field crops such as soybean, cotton, and tomato. The sequencing of a cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene fragment revealed a single haplotype of MEAM1, suggesting the establishment of a single MEAM1 strain in the country. The haplotypes found for MEAM1 and MED are genetically related to the globally dispersed strains, Jap1 and Mch1, respectively. Continuous monitoring of B. tabaci species is crucial because landscape alterations, climatic changes, and pest management methods may shift the B. tabaci species distribution and dominance in Brazilian crop areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - D. Okuma
- Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil; Bayer Crop Science, Brasil
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Kaur R, Singh S, Joshi N. Pervasive Endosymbiont Arsenophonus Plays a Key Role in the Transmission of Cotton Leaf Curl Virus Vectored by Asia II-1 Genetic Group of Bemisia tabaci. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 51:564-577. [PMID: 35485184 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvac024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Insects often coevolved with their mutualistic partners such as gut endosymbionts, which play a key in the physiology of host. Studies on such interactions between Bemisia tabaci and its primary and secondary endosymbionts have gained importance due to their indispensable roles in the biology of this insect. Present study reports the predominance of two secondary endosymbionts, Arsenophonus and Cardinium in the Asia II-1 genetic group of whitefly and elucidates their role in the transmission of its vectored Cotton leaf curl virus. Selective elimination of endosymbionts was optimized using serial concentration of ampicillin, chloramphenicol, kanamycin, tetracycline, and rifampicin administered to viruliferous whiteflies through sucrose diet. Primary endosymbiont, Portiera was unresponsive to all the antibiotics, however, rifampicin and tetracycline at 90 μg/ml selectively eliminated Arsenophonus from the whitefly. Elimination of Arsenophonus resulted in significant decrease in virus titer from viruliferous whitefly, further the CLCuV transmission efficiency of these whiteflies was significantly reduced compared to the control flies. Secondary endosymbiont, Cardinium could not be eliminated completely even with higher concentrations of antibiotics. Based on the findings, Arsenophonus plays a key role in the retention and transmission of CLCuV in the Asia II-1 genetic group of B. tabaci, while the role of Cardinium could not be established due to its unresponsiveness to antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramandeep Kaur
- Regional Research Station, Punjab Agricultural University, Faridkot, Punjab, India
| | - Satnam Singh
- Regional Research Station, Punjab Agricultural University, Faridkot, Punjab, India
| | - Neelam Joshi
- Department of Entomology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
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Lefèvre T, Sauvion N, Almeida RP, Fournet F, Alout H. The ecological significance of arthropod vectors of plant, animal, and human pathogens. Trends Parasitol 2022; 38:404-418. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2022.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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de Lima Toledo CA, da Silva Ponce F, Oliveira MD, Aires ES, Seabra Júnior S, Lima GPP, de Oliveira RC. Change in the Physiological and Biochemical Aspects of Tomato Caused by Infestation by Cryptic Species of Bemisia tabaci MED and MEAM1. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12121105. [PMID: 34940193 PMCID: PMC8707048 DOI: 10.3390/insects12121105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Bemisia tabaci is a polyphagous pest with cryptic species that infest various agricultural crops worldwide. Among the cryptic species, MED and MEAM1 are the most invasive, causing large production losses due to the feeding and transmission of the virus. We aimed to analyze the influence of these insects on the physiology and biochemistry of tomato. We found that the cryptic species MED caused considerable reduction in CO2 assimilation rates, stomatal conductance, and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency. Furthermore, plants infested with MED showed high activity of the enzymes peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase, which are considered expressions of plant defense. In contrast, plants infested with MEAM1 showed low peroxidase activity, which may result in a less lignified feeding place. Abstract Infestation by Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) causes damage to tomatoes with production losses of up to 100%, affecting the physiological and biochemical aspects of host plants. The objective of this study was to analyze the influence of infestation of cryptic species of B. tabaci MED and MEAM1 on the physiological and biochemical aspects of tomato. Tomato plants ‘Santa Adélia Super’ infested with B. tabaci (MED and MEAM1), and non-infested plants were evaluated for differences in gas exchange, chlorophyll - a fluorescence of photosystem II (PSII), and biochemical factors (total phenols, total flavonoids, superoxide dismutase—SOD, peroxidase—POD, and polyphenol oxidase—PPO). Plants infested with B. tabaci MED showed low rates of CO2 assimilation and stomatal conductance of 55% and 52%, respectively. The instantaneous carboxylation efficiency was reduced by 40% in MED and by 60% in MEAM1 compared to the control. Regarding biochemical aspects, plants infested by MED cryptic species showed high activity of POD and PPO enzymes and total phenol content during the second and third instars when compared to control plants. Our results indicate that B. tabaci MED infestation in tomato plants had a greater influence than B. tabaci MEAM1 infestation on physiological parameters (CO2 assimilation rate (A), stomatal conductance (gs), and apparent carboxylation efficiency (A/Ci)) and caused increased activity of POD and PPO enzymes, indicating plant resistance to attack. In contrast, B. tabaci MEAM1 caused a reduction in POD enzyme activity, favoring offspring performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Aparecida de Lima Toledo
- Department of Horticulture, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18600-950, Brazil; (F.d.S.P.); (E.S.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-14-3880-7690
| | - Franciely da Silva Ponce
- Department of Horticulture, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18600-950, Brazil; (F.d.S.P.); (E.S.A.)
| | - Moisés Daniel Oliveira
- Crop Protection Department, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18600-950, Brazil; (M.D.O.); (R.C.d.O.)
| | - Eduardo Santana Aires
- Department of Horticulture, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18600-950, Brazil; (F.d.S.P.); (E.S.A.)
| | - Santino Seabra Júnior
- Department of Agronomy, State University of Mato Grosso, Nova Mutum 78450-000, Brazil;
| | - Giuseppina Pace Pereira Lima
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-970, Brazil;
| | - Regiane Cristina de Oliveira
- Crop Protection Department, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18600-950, Brazil; (M.D.O.); (R.C.d.O.)
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Milenovic M, Ghanim M, Hoffmann L, Rapisarda C. Whitefly endosymbionts: IPM opportunity or tilting at windmills? JOURNAL OF PEST SCIENCE 2021; 95:543-566. [PMID: 34744550 PMCID: PMC8562023 DOI: 10.1007/s10340-021-01451-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Whiteflies are sap-sucking insects responsible for high economic losses. They colonize hundreds of plant species and cause direct feeding damage and indirect damage through transmission of devastating viruses. Modern agriculture has seen a history of invasive whitefly species and populations that expand to novel regions, bringing along fierce viruses. Control efforts are hindered by fast virus transmission, insecticide-resistant populations, and a wide host range which permits large natural reservoirs for whiteflies. Augmentative biocontrol by parasitoids while effective in suppressing high population densities in greenhouses falls short when it comes to preventing virus transmission and is ineffective in the open field. A potential source of much needed novel control strategies lays within a diverse community of whitefly endosymbionts. The idea to exploit endosymbionts for whitefly control is as old as identification of these bacteria, yet it still has not come to fruition. We review where our knowledge stands on the aspects of whitefly endosymbiont evolution, biology, metabolism, multitrophic interactions, and population dynamics. We show how these insights are bringing us closer to the goal of better integrated pest management strategies. Combining most up to date understanding of whitefly-endosymbiont interactions and recent technological advances, we discuss possibilities of disrupting and manipulating whitefly endosymbionts, as well as using them for pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Milenovic
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department (ERIN), Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 41, Rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Università degli Studi di Catania, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), via Santa Sofia 100, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Murad Ghanim
- Department of Entomology, Volcani Center, ARO, HaMaccabim Road 68, PO Box 15159, 7528809 Rishon Le Tsiyon, Israel
| | - Lucien Hoffmann
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department (ERIN), Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 41, Rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Carmelo Rapisarda
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Università degli Studi di Catania, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), via Santa Sofia 100, 95123 Catania, Italy
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da Silva Rodrigues C, Nakasu EYT, Ortiz GV, Pereira JL, Lucena-Leandro VDS, Rêgo-Machado CDM, Souza TAD, Martins TP, Nagata AKI. Evidence of Spread of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) Mediated by Internal Transportation of Ornamental Plants in Brazil. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 50:850-857. [PMID: 33978919 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-021-00881-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Two Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) species, Middle East-Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1) and Mediterranean (MED), are major pests that are dispersed throughout the world. While MEAM1 was introduced in Brazil in the 1990s, MED was reported recently with limited spread. Here, a survey was performed to examine whether MED whiteflies are widely present in the Federal District region, in central Brazil. Whiteflies were collected in various locations in the Federal District and surroundings between 2018 and 2020, including garden centers and small- and large-scale farms. The species were identified using RFLPand sequencing of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I subunit gene region. Out of 108 whitefly batches, 63.89% were composed exclusively by MEAM1, followed by 16.67% presenting only MED, and another 7.40% containing unidentified whitefly species (NI). Plant varieties serving as hosts for more than one whitefly species were observed in 12.04% of the samples, either by MEAM1/MED, MEAM1/NI, or MED/NI. This study highlights the still limited presence of MED in the Federal District and surroundings, predominantly in garden centers and in the green belt of Brasília, closer to urban areas. In contrast, only MEAM1 was identified in large-scale cultivated areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alice Kazuko Inoue Nagata
- Dept of Plant Pathology, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
- Embrapa Vegetables, CEP, Brasília, DF, 70275-970, Brazil.
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Krause-Sakate R, Watanabe LFM, Gorayeb ES, da Silva FB, Alvarez DDL, Bello VH, Nogueira AM, de Marchi BR, Vicentin E, Ribeiro-Junior MR, Marubayashi JM, Rojas-Bertini CA, Muller C, Bueno RCODF, Rosales M, Ghanim M, Pavan MA. Population Dynamics of Whiteflies and Associated Viruses in South America: Research Progress and Perspectives. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11120847. [PMID: 33260578 PMCID: PMC7760982 DOI: 10.3390/insects11120847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Whiteflies are one of the most important and widespread pests in the world. In South America, the currently most important species occurring are Bemisia afer,Trialeurodes vaporariorum, and the cryptic species Middle East-Asia Minor 1, Mediterranean, and New World, from Bemisia tabaci complex. The present review compiles information from several studies conducted in South America regarding these insects, providing data related to the dynamics and distribution of whiteflies, the associated viruses, and the management strategies to keep whiteflies under the economic damage threshold. Abstract By having an extensive territory and suitable climate conditions, South America is one of the most important agricultural regions in the world, providing different kinds of vegetable products to different regions of the world. However, such favorable conditions for plant production also allow the development of several pests, increasing production costs. Among them, whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) stand out for their potential for infesting several crops and for being resistant to insecticides, having high rates of reproduction and dispersal, besides their efficient activity as virus vectors. Currently, the most important species occurring in South America are Bemisia afer, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, and the cryptic species Middle East-Asia Minor 1, Mediterranean, and New World, from Bemisia tabaci complex. In this review, a series of studies performed in South America were compiled in an attempt to unify the advances that have been developed in whitefly management in this continent. At first, a background of the current whitefly distribution in South American countries as well as factors affecting them are shown, followed by a background of the whitefly transmitted viruses in South America, addressing their location and association with whiteflies in each country. Afterwards, a series of management strategies are proposed to be implemented in South American fields, including cultural practices and biological and chemical control, finalizing with a section containing future perspectives and directions for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renate Krause-Sakate
- Department of Plant Protection, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Julio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, Brazil; (L.F.M.W.); (E.S.G.); (F.B.d.S.); (D.d.L.A.); (V.H.B.); (A.M.N.); (E.V.); (M.R.R.-J.); (J.M.M.); (R.C.O.d.F.B.); (M.A.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-14-3880-7487
| | - Luís Fernando Maranho Watanabe
- Department of Plant Protection, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Julio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, Brazil; (L.F.M.W.); (E.S.G.); (F.B.d.S.); (D.d.L.A.); (V.H.B.); (A.M.N.); (E.V.); (M.R.R.-J.); (J.M.M.); (R.C.O.d.F.B.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Eduardo Silva Gorayeb
- Department of Plant Protection, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Julio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, Brazil; (L.F.M.W.); (E.S.G.); (F.B.d.S.); (D.d.L.A.); (V.H.B.); (A.M.N.); (E.V.); (M.R.R.-J.); (J.M.M.); (R.C.O.d.F.B.); (M.A.P.)
- Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Forestal, Vicuña Mackena, 4860, Macul, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (C.A.R.-B.); (M.R.)
| | - Felipe Barreto da Silva
- Department of Plant Protection, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Julio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, Brazil; (L.F.M.W.); (E.S.G.); (F.B.d.S.); (D.d.L.A.); (V.H.B.); (A.M.N.); (E.V.); (M.R.R.-J.); (J.M.M.); (R.C.O.d.F.B.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Daniel de Lima Alvarez
- Department of Plant Protection, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Julio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, Brazil; (L.F.M.W.); (E.S.G.); (F.B.d.S.); (D.d.L.A.); (V.H.B.); (A.M.N.); (E.V.); (M.R.R.-J.); (J.M.M.); (R.C.O.d.F.B.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Vinicius Henrique Bello
- Department of Plant Protection, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Julio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, Brazil; (L.F.M.W.); (E.S.G.); (F.B.d.S.); (D.d.L.A.); (V.H.B.); (A.M.N.); (E.V.); (M.R.R.-J.); (J.M.M.); (R.C.O.d.F.B.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Angélica Maria Nogueira
- Department of Plant Protection, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Julio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, Brazil; (L.F.M.W.); (E.S.G.); (F.B.d.S.); (D.d.L.A.); (V.H.B.); (A.M.N.); (E.V.); (M.R.R.-J.); (J.M.M.); (R.C.O.d.F.B.); (M.A.P.)
| | | | - Eduardo Vicentin
- Department of Plant Protection, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Julio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, Brazil; (L.F.M.W.); (E.S.G.); (F.B.d.S.); (D.d.L.A.); (V.H.B.); (A.M.N.); (E.V.); (M.R.R.-J.); (J.M.M.); (R.C.O.d.F.B.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Marcos Roberto Ribeiro-Junior
- Department of Plant Protection, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Julio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, Brazil; (L.F.M.W.); (E.S.G.); (F.B.d.S.); (D.d.L.A.); (V.H.B.); (A.M.N.); (E.V.); (M.R.R.-J.); (J.M.M.); (R.C.O.d.F.B.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Julio Massaharu Marubayashi
- Department of Plant Protection, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Julio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, Brazil; (L.F.M.W.); (E.S.G.); (F.B.d.S.); (D.d.L.A.); (V.H.B.); (A.M.N.); (E.V.); (M.R.R.-J.); (J.M.M.); (R.C.O.d.F.B.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Claudia Andrea Rojas-Bertini
- Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Forestal, Vicuña Mackena, 4860, Macul, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (C.A.R.-B.); (M.R.)
| | | | - Regiane Cristina Oliveira de Freitas Bueno
- Department of Plant Protection, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Julio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, Brazil; (L.F.M.W.); (E.S.G.); (F.B.d.S.); (D.d.L.A.); (V.H.B.); (A.M.N.); (E.V.); (M.R.R.-J.); (J.M.M.); (R.C.O.d.F.B.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Marlene Rosales
- Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Forestal, Vicuña Mackena, 4860, Macul, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (C.A.R.-B.); (M.R.)
| | - Murad Ghanim
- Department of Entomology, Institute of Plant Protection, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel;
| | - Marcelo Agenor Pavan
- Department of Plant Protection, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Julio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, Brazil; (L.F.M.W.); (E.S.G.); (F.B.d.S.); (D.d.L.A.); (V.H.B.); (A.M.N.); (E.V.); (M.R.R.-J.); (J.M.M.); (R.C.O.d.F.B.); (M.A.P.)
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8
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Barreto da Silva F, Muller C, Bello VH, Watanabe LFM, Rossitto De Marchi B, Fusco LM, Ribeiro-Junior MR, Minozzi GB, Vivan LM, Tamai MA, Farias JR, Nogueira AM, Sartori MMP, Krause-Sakate R. Effects of cowpea mild mottle virus on soybean cultivars in Brazil. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9828. [PMID: 32944424 PMCID: PMC7469931 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Soybean stem necrosis is caused by cowpea mild mottle virus (CPMMV), transmitted by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci. CPMMV has already been recorded in all major soybean-producing areas of Brazil. The impacts caused by CPMMV to the current Brazilian soybean production are unknown, thus the main objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of CPMMV infection on the main important soybean cultivars grown in the Southern and Midwestern regions of Brazil. Although asymptomatic in some of the tested cultivars, CPMMV infection significantly reduced the plant height, the number of pods per plant and the 1,000-grain weight. In addition, estimated yield losses ranged from 174 to 638 kg ha−1, depending on the cultivar. Evidence of seed transmission of CPMMV was observed in the BMX POTÊNCIA RR cultivar. These results suggest that CPMMV could have an important role in the reduction of soybean productivity in Brazil, but symptomless infections might be hiding the actual impact of this pathogen in commercial fields and infected seeds could be the primary inoculum source of the virus in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Barreto da Silva
- Department of Plant Protection, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Vinicius Henrique Bello
- Department of Plant Protection, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luís Fernando Maranho Watanabe
- Department of Plant Protection, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Rossitto De Marchi
- Department of Plant Protection, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas Machado Fusco
- Department of Plant Protection, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos Roberto Ribeiro-Junior
- Department of Plant Protection, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Lucia Madalena Vivan
- Fundação de Apoio a Pesquisa à Pesquisa Agropecuária de Mato Grosso/Fundação MT, Rondonópolis, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Marco Antonio Tamai
- Department of Human Sciences, Universidade do Estado da Bahia/UNEB, Campus IX, Barreiras, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Angélica Maria Nogueira
- Department of Plant Protection, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Márcia Pereira Sartori
- Department of Plant Protection, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renate Krause-Sakate
- Department of Plant Protection, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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