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Green HE, Oliveira HRD, Alvarenga AB, Scramlin-Zuelly S, Grossi D, Schinckel AP, Brito LF. Genomic background of biotypes related to growth, carcass and meat quality traits in Duroc pigs based on principal component analysis. J Anim Breed Genet 2024; 141:163-178. [PMID: 37902119 DOI: 10.1111/jbg.12831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
As the swine industry continues to explore pork quality traits alongside growth, feed efficiency and carcass leanness traits, it becomes imperative to understand their underlying genetic relationships. Due to this increase in the number of desirable traits, animal breeders must also consider methods to efficiently perform direct genetic changes for each trait and evaluate alternative selection indexes with different sets of phenotypic measurements. Principal component analysis (PCA) and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) can be combined to understand the genetic architecture and biological mechanisms by defining biological types (biotypes) that relate these valuable traits. Therefore, the main objectives of this study were to: (1) estimate genomic-based genetic parameters; (2) define animal biotypes utilizing PCA; and (3) utilize GWAS to link the biotypes to candidate genes and quantitative trait loci (QTL). The phenotypic dataset included 2583 phenotypic records from female Duroc pigs from a terminal sire line. The pedigree file contained 193,764 animals and the genotype file included 21,309 animals with 35,651 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Eight principal components (PCs), accounting for a total of 99.7% of the population variation, were defined for three growth, eight conventional carcass, 10 pork quality and 18 novel carcass traits. The eight biotypes defined from the PCs were found to be related to growth rate, maturity, meat quality and body structure, which were then related to candidate genes. Of the 175 candidate genes found, six of them [LDHA (SSC1), PIK3C3 (SSC6), PRKAG3 (SSC15), VRTN (SSC7), DLST (SSC7) and PAPPA (SSC1)] related to four PCs were found to be associated with previously defined QTL, linking the biotypes with biological processes involved with muscle growth, fat deposition, glycogen levels and skeletal development. Further functional analyses helped to make connections between biotypes, relating them through common KEGG pathways and gene ontology (GO) terms. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the genetic relationships between growth, carcass and meat quality traits in Duroc pigs, enabling breeders to better understand the biological mechanisms underlying the phenotypic expression of these traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E Green
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
- Fast Genetics, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Allan P Schinckel
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Luiz F Brito
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
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Lowe JWE, Bruce A. Genetics without genes? The centrality of genetic markers in livestock genetics and genomics. HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF THE LIFE SCIENCES 2019; 41:50. [PMID: 31659490 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-019-0290-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, rather than focusing on genes as an organising concept around which historical considerations of theory and practice in genetics are elucidated, we place genetic markers at the heart of our analysis. This reflects their central role in the subject of our account, livestock genetics concerning the domesticated pig, Sus scrofa. We define a genetic marker as a (usually material) element existing in different forms in the genome, that can be identified and mapped using a variety (and often combination) of quantitative, classical and molecular genetic techniques. The conjugation of pig genome researchers around the common object of the marker from the early-1990s allowed the distinctive theories and approaches of quantitative and molecular genetics concerning the size and distribution of gene effects to align (but never fully integrate) in projects to populate genome maps. Critical to this was the nature of markers as ontologically inert, internally heterogeneous and relational. Though genes as an organising and categorising principle remained important, the particular concatenation of limitations, opportunities, and intended research goals of the pig genetics community, meant that a progressively stronger focus on the identification and mapping of markers rather than genes per se became a hallmark of the community. We therefore detail a different way of doing genetics to more gene-centred accounts. By doing so, we reveal the presence of practices, concepts and communities that would otherwise be hidden.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W E Lowe
- Science, Technology and Innovation Studies, University of Edinburgh, Old Surgeons' Hall, High School Yards, Edinburgh, EH1 1LZ, UK.
| | - Ann Bruce
- Science, Technology and Innovation Studies, University of Edinburgh, Old Surgeons' Hall, High School Yards, Edinburgh, EH1 1LZ, UK
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Bihan-Duval EL. Genetic variability within and between breeds of poultry technological meat quality. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.1079/wps200321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Le Bihan-Duval
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Station de Recherches Avicoles, 37380 Nouzilly, France,
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Liu X, Zhou L, Xie X, Wu Z, Xiong X, Zhang Z, Yang J, Xiao S, Zhou M, Ma J, Huang L. Muscle glycogen level and occurrence of acid meat in commercial hybrid pigs are regulated by two low-frequency causal variants with large effects and multiple common variants with small effects. Genet Sel Evol 2019; 51:46. [PMID: 31443641 PMCID: PMC6708195 DOI: 10.1186/s12711-019-0488-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Meat production from the commercial crossbred Duroc × (Landrace × Yorkshire) (DLY) pig is predominant in the pork industry, but its meat quality is often impaired by low ultimate pH (pHu). Muscle glycogen level at slaughter is closely associated with pHu and meat technological quality, but its genetic basis remains elusive. The aim of this study was to identify genes and/or causative mutations associated with muscle glycogen level and other meat quality traits by performing a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and additional analyses in a population of 610 DLY pigs. Results Our initial GWAS identified a genome-wide significant (P = 2.54e−11) quantitative trait locus (QTL) on SSC15 (SSC for Sus scrofa chromosome) for the level of residual glycogen and glucose (RG) in the longissimus muscle at 45 min post-mortem. Then, we demonstrated that a low-frequency (minor allele frequency = 0.014) R200Q missense mutation in the PRKAG3 (RN) gene caused this major QTL effect on RG. Moreover, we showed that the 200Q (RN–) allele was introgressed from the Hampshire breed into more than one of the parental breeds of the DLY pigs. After conditioning on R200Q, re-association analysis revealed three additional QTL for RG on SSC3 and 4, and on an unmapped scaffold (AEMK02000452.1). The SSC3 QTL was most likely caused by a splice mutation (g.8283C>A) in the PHKG1 gene that we had previously identified. Based on functional annotation, the genes TMCO1 on SSC4 and CKB on the scaffold represent promising candidate genes for the other two QTL. There were significant interaction effects of the GWAS tag SNPs at those two loci with PRKAG3 R200Q on RG. In addition, a number of common variants with potentially smaller effects on RG (P < 10−4) were uncovered by a second conditional GWAS after adjusting for the two causal SNPs, R200Q and g.8283C>A. Conclusions We found that the RN– allele segregates in the parental lines of our DLY population and strongly influences its meat quality. Our findings also indicate that the genetic basis of RG in DLY can be mainly attributed to two major genes (PRKAG3 and PHKG1), along with many minor genes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12711-019-0488-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianxian Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Swine Genetics, Breeding and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Lisheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Swine Genetics, Breeding and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Xianhua Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Swine Genetics, Breeding and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Zhongzi Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Swine Genetics, Breeding and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Xinwei Xiong
- State Key Laboratory for Swine Genetics, Breeding and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Zhiyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Swine Genetics, Breeding and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Jie Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Swine Genetics, Breeding and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Shijun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Swine Genetics, Breeding and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Mengqing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Swine Genetics, Breeding and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Junwu Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Swine Genetics, Breeding and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
| | - Lusheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Swine Genetics, Breeding and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
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Hérault F, Damon M, Cherel P, Le Roy P. Combined GWAS and LDLA approaches to improve genome-wide quantitative trait loci detection affecting carcass and meat quality traits in pig. Meat Sci 2017; 135:148-158. [PMID: 29035812 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2017.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Many QTL affecting meat quality and carcass traits have been reported. However, in most of the cases these QTL have been detected in non-commercial populations. Therefore, a family structured population of 457 F2 pigs issued from an inter-cross between 2 commercial sire lines was used to detect QTL affecting meat quality and carcass traits. All animals were genotyped using the Illumina PorcineSNP60 BeadChip platform. Genome-wide association studies were used in combination with linkage disequilibrium-linkage analysis to identify QTL. A total of 32 QTL were detected. Nine of these QTL exceeded the genome-wide 5% significance threshold. We detected 18 QTL affecting carcass composition traits and 16 QTL affecting meat quality traits. Using post-QTL bioinformatics analysis we highlighted 26 functional candidate genes related to fatness, muscle development, meat color and meat pH. Finally, our results shed light on the advantage of using different QTL detection methodologies to get a global overview of the QTL present in the studied population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Hérault
- INRA, UMR1348 PEGASE, 16 le Clos, 35590 Saint-Gilles, France; Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1348 PEGASE, 65 rue de Saint Brieuc, 35042 Rennes, France.
| | - Marie Damon
- INRA, UMR1348 PEGASE, 16 le Clos, 35590 Saint-Gilles, France; Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1348 PEGASE, 65 rue de Saint Brieuc, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Pierre Cherel
- iBV-institut de Biologie Valrose, Université Nice-Sophia Antipolis, UMR CNRS 7277, Inserm U1091, Parc Valrose, F-06108 Nice, France
| | - Pascale Le Roy
- INRA, UMR1348 PEGASE, 16 le Clos, 35590 Saint-Gilles, France; Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1348 PEGASE, 65 rue de Saint Brieuc, 35042 Rennes, France.
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Dall'Olio S, Scotti E, Costa LN, Fontanesi L. Effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms and haplotypes of the protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit gamma 3 (PRKAG3) gene on production, meat quality and carcass traits in Italian Large White pigs. Meat Sci 2017; 136:44-49. [PMID: 29096286 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PRKAG3 is a major gene for meat quality and production in pigs. In this study, we investigated two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the PRKAG3 promoter region (g.-995A>G and g.-311A>G) in 381 pigs of different breeds. Association between these SNPs and three major haplotypes, constructed including other three substitutions (c.89C>A, c.154A>G and c.595G>A) and different traits (meat quality parameters: pH2h, pHu, glycogen and lactate content, glycolytic potential and cathepsin B activity of Semimembranosus muscle; estimated breeding values and random residuals for growth performances and carcass traits) were analysed in 271 Italian Large White performance tested pigs. A significant effect (P=0.043) of the g.-995A>G SNP on cathepsin B activity and a suggestive effect (P=0.067) of the g.-311A>G SNP on pHu were found. The haplotype [g.-995G:g.-311G:c.89A:c.154G:c.595G] was associated with pHu (P=0.024), glycolytic potential (P=0.040) and cathepsin B activity (P=0.086). This study on haplotypes, including promoter region SNPs, contribute to explain the effect of this gene on meat quality traits in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Dall'Olio
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), Division of Animal Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 46, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Emilio Scotti
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), Division of Animal Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 46, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Leonardo Nanni Costa
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), Division of Animal Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 46, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Fontanesi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), Division of Animal Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 46, 40127 Bologna, Italy
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7
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Lu H, Yan H, Ward MG, Stewart T, Adeola O, Ajuwon KM. Effect on Rendement Napole genotype on metabolic markers in Ossabaw pigs fed different levels of fat. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2017; 102:e132-e138. [PMID: 28455882 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We investigated effects of Rendement Napole (RN) genotype on metabolic markers in Ossabaw pigs fed diets with different levels of dietary fat. Thirty-two pigs, belonging to either the wild-type (WT, rn+ /rn+ ) or carrier (CAR, RN- /rn+ ) genotypes (n = 16/genotype), were divided into two dietary groups, (high fat [HF] or low fat [LF]) diets, for 12 weeks (n = 8 pigs/genotype/diet) after which pigs were killed for gene expression analysis by RT-PCR. Feeding HF diet caused increased daily gain (ADG, p < .05) and final body weight (BW) (p < .05) in comparison with the LF diet (p < .05). Feed efficiency (gain:feed) was higher (p < .05) in pigs on the HF and was higher (p < .05) in CAR pigs compared to WT. There was genotype × diet interaction (p = .05) on final BW such that CAR animals on LF diet had the same final BW as animals of both genotypes on HF diet. Carrier pigs on LF diet had higher (p < .05) average daily gain and gain:feed than WT pigs. There was a trend (p < .08) for a higher feed consumption in pigs on the LF diet. Backfat thickness was higher (p < .01) in pigs on the HF diet. Serum triglyceride was higher (0.62 vs. 0.33 mg/dl, p < .01) in pigs on HF diet. Serum insulin was higher (p < .05) in CAR versus WT pigs (0.40 vs. 0.015 μg/ml). Pigs on the HF diet had a higher (p < .05) serum insulin compared to those on the LF diet (0.032 vs. 0.023 μg/ml). Carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1-alpha was higher (p < .05) in the longissimus dorsi and semitendinosus muscles of pigs on HF diet. Acyl-CoA oxidase I was elevated (p < .05) in the liver of pigs on HF diet. Fatty acid synthase was lower in the longissimus dorsi muscle, liver and mesenteric fat (p < .05) of carrier pigs. The RN gene regulates specific metabolic markers in the Ossabaw pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Lu
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - H Yan
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - M G Ward
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - T Stewart
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - O Adeola
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - K M Ajuwon
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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8
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Scheffler TL, Gerrard DE. GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT SYMPOSIUM: Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase and mitochondria in Rendement Napole pig growth. J Anim Sci 2017; 94:3601-3612. [PMID: 27898923 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Rendement Napole mutation (RN-), which is well known to influence pork quality, also has a profound impact on metabolic characteristics of muscle. Pigs with RN- possess a SNP in the γ3 subunit of adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK); AMPK, a key energy sensor in skeletal muscle, modulates energy producing and energy consuming pathways to maintain cellular homeostasis. Importantly, AMPK regulates not only acute response to energy stress but also facilitates long-term adaptation via changes in gene and protein expression. The RN- allele increases AMPK activity, which alters the metabolic phenotype of skeletal muscle by increasing mitochondrial content and oxidative capacity. Fibers with greater oxidative capacity typically exhibit increased protein turnover and smaller fiber size, which indicates that RN- pigs may exhibit decreased efficiency and growth potential. However, whole body and muscle growth of RN- pigs appear similar to that of wild-type pigs and despite increased oxidative capacity, fibers maintain the capacity for hypertrophic growth. This indicates that compensatory mechanisms may allow RN- pigs to achieve rates of muscle growth similar to those of wild-type pigs. Intriguingly, lipid oxidation and mitochondria function are enhanced in RN- pig muscle. Thus far, characteristics of RN- muscle are largely based on animals near market weight. To better understand interaction between energy signaling and protein accretion in muscle, further work is needed to define age-dependent relationships between AMPK signaling, metabolism, and muscle growth.
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9
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Verardo LL, Sevón-Aimonen ML, Serenius T, Hietakangas V, Uimari P. Whole-genome association analysis of pork meat pH revealed three significant regions and several potential genes in Finnish Yorkshire pigs. BMC Genet 2017; 18:13. [PMID: 28193157 PMCID: PMC5307873 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-017-0482-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background One of the most commonly used quality measurements of pork is pH measured 24 h after slaughter. The most probable mode of inheritance for this trait is oligogenic with several known major genes, such as PRKAG3. In this study, we used whole-genome SNP genotypes of over 700 AI boars; after a quality check, 42,385 SNPs remained for association analysis. All the boars were purebred Finnish Yorkshire. To account for relatedness of the animals, a pedigree-based relationship matrix was used in a mixed linear model to test the effect of SNPs on pH measured from loin. A bioinformatics analysis was performed to identify the most promising genes in the significant regions related to meat quality. Results Genome-wide association study (GWAS) revealed three significant chromosomal regions: one on chromosome 3 (39.9 Mb–40.1 Mb) and two on chromosome 15 (58.5 Mb–60.5 Mb and 132 Mb–135 Mb including PRKAG3). A conditional analysis with a significant SNP in the PRKAG3 region, MARC0083357, as a covariate in the model retained the significant SNPs on chromosome 3. Even though linkage disequilibrium was relatively high over a long distance between MARC0083357 and other significant SNPs on chromosome 15, some SNPs retained their significance in the conditional analysis, even in the vicinity of PRKAG3. The significant regions harbored several genes, including two genes involved in cyclic AMP (cAMP) signaling: ADCY9 and CREBBP. Based on functional and transcription factor-gene networks, the most promising candidate genes for meat pH are ADCY9, CREBBP, TRAP1, NRG1, PRKAG3, VIL1, TNS1, and IGFBP5, and the key transcription factors related to these genes are HNF4A, PPARG, and Nkx2-5. Conclusions Based on SNP association, pathway, and transcription factor analysis, we were able to identify several genes with potential to control muscle cell homeostasis and meat quality. The associated SNPs can be used in selection for better pork. We also showed that post-GWAS analysis reveals important information about the genes’ potential role on meat quality. The gained information can be used in later functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas L Verardo
- Department of Animal Science/Animal Breeding, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ville Hietakangas
- Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka Uimari
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bjarne Nielsen
- SEGES Videncenter for Svineproduktion, Copenhagen, Denmark
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11
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Abstract
Domestic animals are unique models for biomedical research due to their long history (thousands of years) of strong phenotypic selection. This process has enriched for novel mutations that have contributed to phenotype evolution in domestic animals. The characterization of such mutations provides insights in gene function and biological mechanisms. This review summarizes genetic dissection of about 50 genetic variants affecting pigmentation, behaviour, metabolic regulation, and the pattern of locomotion. The variants are controlled by mutations in about 30 different genes, and for 10 of these our group was the first to report an association between the gene and a phenotype. Almost half of the reported mutations occur in non-coding sequences, suggesting that this is the most common type of polymorphism underlying phenotypic variation since this is a biased list where the proportion of coding mutations are inflated as they are easier to find. The review documents that structural changes (duplications, deletions, and inversions) have contributed significantly to the evolution of phenotypic diversity in domestic animals. Finally, we describe five examples of evolution of alleles, which means that alleles have evolved by the accumulation of several consecutive mutations affecting the function of the same gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leif Andersson
- Correspondence: Professor Leif Andersson, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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12
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Contribution of the phosphagen system to postmortem muscle metabolism in AMP-activated protein kinase γ3 R200Q pig Longissimus muscle. Meat Sci 2014; 96:876-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2013.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Di Luca A, Elia G, Hamill R, Mullen AM. 2D DIGE proteomic analysis of early post mortem muscle exudate highlights the importance of the stress response for improved water-holding capacity of fresh pork meat. Proteomics 2013; 13:1528-44. [PMID: 23456991 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201200145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Variation in water-holding capacity (WHC), which presents a major economic burden to the swine industry, is considered to be underpinned by variation at a molecular and biochemical level. High-resolution 2D DIGE followed by MS analysis and Western blot were used to unravel the proteome of muscle exudate, collected following centrifugation, in the pH 4-7 range. A first 2DE-based protein map of this substrate was produced where 89 spots were successfully characterised. Two phenotypes divergent for WHC plus one intermediate were compared with a view to deciphering the biochemical processes impacting on variation in WHC. Twenty spots were observed to be altered across the phenotypes. Of these, 14 represented sixteen proteins including metabolic enzymes, stress response proteins and structural proteins. Triosephosphate isomerase and transferrin showed a major difference between the two extreme phenotypes, and may have potential as biological markers for WHC prediction. Several members of the HSPs family were highlighted. This proteomic study makes an important contribution towards a more detailed molecular view of the processes behind WHC and will provide a valuable resource for future investigations.
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Uimari P, Sironen A, Sevón-Aimonen ML. Evidence for three highly significant QTL for meat quality traits in the Finnish Yorkshire pig breed. J Anim Sci 2013; 91:2001-11. [PMID: 23408819 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2012-5811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Meat quality is important both to consumers and to the meat processing industry. Commonly used measures of porcine meat quality are the pH and color of the meat. The purpose of this study was to identify SNP associated with these meat quality traits in Finnish Yorkshire using the Illumina PorcineSNP60 BeadChip. The association of each SNP with the quality traits was tested with a weighted linear model. The relatedness of samples was accounted for by a random polygenic genetic effect with the accompanying full relationship matrix. The original EBV from single-trait evaluations were deregressed before analysis. The statistical significance of SNP was established using the Bonferroni correction to adjust for multiple testing. Three genomic regions were significant for the meat quality traits. The PRKAG3 region on chromosome 15 was significant for pH measured from loin and ham and for a* (redness) measured from loin. The smallest P-value in the region was obtained for pH measured from loin (ASGA0070634, P-value = 3.8 × 10(-13)). The allele substitution effect (-0.047) of the unfavorable allele A corresponds to 1 SD of the polygenic effect. The second significant region, on chromosome 2 at around 31 megabases (Mb), was associated with pH and L* (lightness) measured from loin. The most significant SNP (ASGA0009814, P-value = 3.89 × 10(-10)) had an allele substitution effect of 0.86, corresponding to 0.7 SD of the polygenic effect of L*. The third region, located on chromosome 6 at around 83 Mb, was significant for a* measured from ham. The P-value of the best SNP (ALGA0035896) was 8.71 × 10(-7) and the allele substitution effect -0.38, corresponding to 0.5 SD of the polygenic effect of a*. The significant association of PRKAG3 with pH was not due to the known AA substitutions. The candidate gene on chromosome 2 associated with color L* is RCN1, which has a high affinity Ca(2+)-binding motif, the EF hand. The significant region on chromosome 6 for color a* contains several genes, so more data are needed to identify the causative gene. Our results indicate that instead of the known AA substitutions of PRKAG3, some yet-unknown AA substitutions are causative for the pH variation in Finnish Yorkshire. Also, a new major QLT for L* was found on chromosome 2. The significant SNP identified in this study can be used in marker-assisted selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Uimari
- Agrifood Research Finland, MTT, Biotechnology and Food Research, FI-36100 Jokioinen, Finland.
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15
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Bertram HC, Petersen JS, Andersen HJ. Relationship between RN(-) genotype and drip loss in meat from Danish pigs. Meat Sci 2012; 56:49-55. [PMID: 22061770 DOI: 10.1016/s0309-1740(00)00018-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/1999] [Revised: 01/07/2000] [Accepted: 01/28/2000] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The presence of the RN(-)-gene determined in 72 halothane negative Danish pigs, either by a direct genotyping or the glycolytic potential of the meat, in relation to drip loss, was investigated. The drip loss in the M. longissimus dorsi from RN-carriers (n=26), as determined by genotyping was 9.9% compared to 8.6% in non-carriers (n=46) (P=0.07). When a glycolytic potential of >230 μmol lactate/g meat was used to differentiate between carriers and non carriers of the RN(-)-gene, the drip loss in carriers was 10.6% (n=17) compared to 8.7% in non-carriers (n=55) (P<0.01). These results suggest that the presence of the RN(-)-gene in Danish slaughter pigs only partially explains the large variation in drip loss observed in Danish pork.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Bertram
- Department of Animal Product Quality, Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Research Centre Foulum, PO Box 50, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
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Meat quality of the longissimus lumborum muscle of Casertana and Large White pigs: Metabolomics and proteomics intertwined. J Proteomics 2011; 75:610-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2011.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2011] [Revised: 08/04/2011] [Accepted: 08/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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17
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Lessons to learn about postmortem metabolism using the AMPKγ3R200Q mutation in the pig. Meat Sci 2011; 89:244-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2011.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2011] [Revised: 04/28/2011] [Accepted: 04/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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18
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Closter AM, Guldbrandtsen B, Henryon M, Nielsen B, Berg P. Consequences of elimination of the Rendement Napole allele from Danish Hampshire. J Anim Breed Genet 2011; 128:192-200. [PMID: 21554413 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0388.2010.00900.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An elimination programme was carried out to remove the dominant Rendement Napole mutation (RN(-) ) from Danish Hampshire pigs. We reasoned that during and after the elimination of the RN(-) allele, genetic gain of production traits decreased while rate of inbreeding in the population increased compared to the period prior to elimination. The hypothesis was tested by estimating the genetic gain in seven production traits and measuring the rate of inbreeding in the population prior to and during the elimination period. Genetic gain was reduced for quantitative traits daily gain(30-100 kg) and feed conversion ratio, while gain for ultimate-pH, lean meat percentage and slaughter loss were increased slightly. There were no changes in genetic gain for daily gain(birth-30 kg) and conformation. RN polymorphism affected several of the quantitative traits. The RN(-) mutation had a dominant effect on the traits daily gain(birth-30 kg) , daily gain(30-100 kg) , slaughter loss, lean meat percentage and ultimate-pH. It exhibited overdominance for feed conversion ratio and additive effect for conformation. Rate of inbreeding decreased during the elimination of RN(-) . Our findings indicate that the consequences of the elimination programme were not as serious as were feared and that a carefully designed preselection strategy may avoid unacceptable loss of genetic gain and excessive loss of genetic variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Closter
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark.
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19
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Wu W, Zuo B, Ren Z, Hapsari AAR, Lei M, Xu D, Li F, Xiong Y. Identification of four SNPs and association analysis with meat quality traits in the porcine Pitx2c gene. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2011; 54:426-33. [PMID: 21574044 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-011-4167-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2010] [Accepted: 02/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The association of the porcine Pitx2c gene with meat quality traits was investigated in the present study. A total of eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were found. Allele frequencies of four SNPs were further detected in four commercial breeds and eight Chinese indigenous breeds. Single SNP and meat quality associations were analyzed in a Yorkshire×Meishan F(2) population. The SNPs c.474C>T (P<0.01) and c.636C>T (P<0.05) showed a significant association with meat color (MCV1). The SNPs c.*37G>A and c.*47G>A were significantly associated with drip loss rate (DLR), water holding capacity (WHC) and meat color value (MCV1) consistently (P<0.05). Linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis revealed that the adjacent SNPs were in LD. Two major haplotypes were identified, and association analysis between haplotype combinations and meat quality indicated that the presence of two copies of haplotype 1 -CCGG- may improve meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- WangJun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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Lee YH, Kwon SG, Park DH, Kwon EJ, Cho ES, Bang WY, Park HC, Park BY, Choi JS, Kim CW. Development of High Meat Quality Using Microsatellite Markers in Berkshire Pigs. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2011. [DOI: 10.5187/jast.2011.53.2.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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21
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Bendixen E, Danielsen M, Hollung K, Gianazza E, Miller I. Farm animal proteomics — A review. J Proteomics 2011; 74:282-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2010.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2010] [Revised: 11/04/2010] [Accepted: 11/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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22
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Updated estimates of HAL n and RN− effects on pork quality: Fresh and processed loin and ham. Meat Sci 2010; 86:949-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2010.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2010] [Revised: 07/26/2010] [Accepted: 07/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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23
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Production systems and influence on eating quality of pork. Meat Sci 2010; 84:293-300. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2009.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2009] [Accepted: 03/31/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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24
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ŠKRLEP M, KAVAR T, SANTÉ-LHOUTELLIER V, ČANDEK-POTOKAR M. EFFECT OF I199V POLYMORPHISM ON PRKAG3 GENE ON CARCASS AND MEAT QUALITY TRAITS IN SLOVENIAN COMMERCIAL PIGS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4573.2009.00158.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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25
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Hu X, Gao Y, Feng C, Liu Q, Wang X, Du Z, Wang Q, Li N. Advanced technologies for genomic analysis in farm animals and its application for QTL mapping. Genetica 2008; 136:371-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s10709-008-9338-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2008] [Accepted: 11/19/2008] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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26
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Li Y, Chen Y, Li J, Wang C, Liu X, Zhang H, Mei Y, Ling F, Li S, Chen S, Zhong W. Molecular characterization, expression profile and polymorphisms of the porcine TNNC2 gene. Hereditas 2008; 145:274-82. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5223.2008.02083.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Costard AD, Vitezica ZG, Moreno CR, Elsen JM. A dynamic deterministic model to optimize a multiple-trait selection scheme. J Anim Sci 2008; 87:885-94. [PMID: 19028846 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2008-0898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A mathematical approach was developed to model and optimize simultaneous selection on 2 traits, a quantitative trait with underlying polygenic variation and a monogenic trait (e.g., resistance to a disease). A deterministic model allows global optimization of the selection scheme to maximize the frequency of the desired genotype for the monogenic trait, while minimizing the loss of genetic progress on the polygenic trait. An additive QTL or gene was considered. Breeding programs with overlapping generations, different selection strategies for males and females, and assortative mating were modeled. A genetic algorithm was used to solve this optimization problem. This modeling approach may easily be adapted to a variety of underlying genetic models and selection schemes. This model was applied to an example where selection on the Prp gene for scrapie resistance was introduced as an additional selection criterion in an already existing dairy sheep selection scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Costard
- l'Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, SAGA Station d'Amélioration Génétique Animale, Castanet-Tolosan, France.
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28
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Le Bihan-Duval E, Debut M, Berri CM, Sellier N, Santé-Lhoutellier V, Jégo Y, Beaumont C. Chicken meat quality: genetic variability and relationship with growth and muscle characteristics. BMC Genet 2008; 9:53. [PMID: 18706119 PMCID: PMC2533670 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2156-9-53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2008] [Accepted: 08/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The qualitative properties of the meat are of major importance for poultry breeding, since meat is now widely consumed as cuts or as processed products. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic parameters of several breast meat quality traits and their genetic relationships with muscle characteristics in a heavy commercial line of broilers. Results Significant levels of heritability (averaging 0.3) were obtained for breast meat quality traits such as pH at 15 min post-slaughter, ultimate pH (pHu), color assessed by lightness L*, redness a* and yellowness b*, drip loss, thawing-cooking loss and shear-force. The rate of decrease in pH early post-mortem and the final pH of the meat were shown to be key factors of chicken meat quality. In particular, a decrease in the final pH led to paler, more exudative and tougher breast meat. The level of glycogen stored in breast muscle estimated by the Glycolytic Potential (GP) at slaughter time was shown to be highly heritable (h2 0.43). There was a very strong negative genetic correlation (rg) with ultimate meat pH (rg -0.97), suggesting a common genetic control for GP and pHu. While breast muscle weight was genetically positively correlated with fiber size (rg 0.76), it was negatively correlated with the level of glycogen stored in the muscle (rg -0.58), and as a consequence it was positively correlated with the final pH of the meat (rg 0.84). Conclusion This genetic study confirmed that selection should be useful to improve meat characteristics of meat-type chickens without impairing profitability because no genetic conflict was detected between meat quality and meat quantity. Moreover, the results suggested relevant selection criteria such as ultimate pH, which is strongly related to color, water-holding capacity and texture of the meat in this heavy chicken line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Le Bihan-Duval
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UR83 Recherches Avicoles, F-37380 Nouzilly, France.
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29
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Progress in reducing the pale, soft and exudative (PSE) problem in pork and poultry meat. Meat Sci 2008; 79:46-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2007.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2007] [Revised: 07/25/2007] [Accepted: 07/27/2007] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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30
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Spurlock ME, Gabler NK. The development of porcine models of obesity and the metabolic syndrome. J Nutr 2008; 138:397-402. [PMID: 18203910 DOI: 10.1093/jn/138.2.397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 291] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite aggressive research aimed at understanding the myriad biochemical factors that are integrated to balance energy intake and expenditure to maintain normal body weight, obesity is increasing at an alarming rate, and the long-term success of prevention and intervention strategies is minimal. Because much of the scientific literature addressing obesity has originated with rodent models, there is considerable interest among researchers and funding agencies in the development of comparative animal models. Furthermore, numerous disparate results between rodent models and humans (i.e., adipsin, leptin, resistin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and other adipokines) have hindered the translation of rodent data into actionable technologies for humans. The pig is an exceptional restenosis model, and is emerging rapidly as a biomedical model for energy metabolism and obesity in humans because it is devoid of brown fat postnatally and because of their similar metabolic features, cardiovascular systems, and proportional organ sizes. This article highlights the current literature devoted to the development of porcine models for obesity and the metabolic syndrome, with a particular emphasis on the role of adipose tissue and adipokines in the regulation of energy balance and the inflammation associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Spurlock
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
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31
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Cheng Q, Sun DW. Factors Affecting the Water Holding Capacity of Red Meat Products: A Review of Recent Research Advances. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2008; 48:137-59. [DOI: 10.1080/10408390601177647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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32
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Mechanisms controlling pork quality development: The biochemistry controlling postmortem energy metabolism. Meat Sci 2007; 77:7-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2007.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2007] [Revised: 04/02/2007] [Accepted: 04/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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33
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Application of genomic technologies to the improvement of meat quality of farm animals. Meat Sci 2007; 77:36-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2007.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2007] [Revised: 03/27/2007] [Accepted: 03/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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34
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Otto G, Roehe R, Looft H, Thoelking L, Knap P, Rothschild M, Plastow G, Kalm E. Associations of DNA markers with meat quality traits in pigs with emphasis on drip loss. Meat Sci 2007; 75:185-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2006.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2005] [Revised: 03/23/2006] [Accepted: 03/23/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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35
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Liu M, Peng J, Xu DQ, Zheng R, Li FE, Li JL, Zuo B, Lei MG, Xiong YZ, Deng CY, Jiang SW. Association analyses of polymorphisms in porcine MYF5 and MYOD1 genes with carcass traits. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1071/ar06420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the effect of polymorphisms of myogenic factor 5 (MYF5) and myogenic differentiation 1 (MYOD1) genes on carcass traits in pigs. PCR-RFLP was used to identify three and one SNP(s) from the MYF5 and the MYOD1 gene, respectively. Association analysis performed on the four polymorphisms in a series of three Large White × Meishan F2 populations totalling near 400 pigs showed: (1) an MYF5 exon 1 Hsp92II polymorphism causing a Met→Leu substitution was significantly associated with fat meat percentage, shoulder fat thickness, thorax-waist fat thickness, average backfat thickness and carcass length to 1st rib (P < 0.05); (2) an MYF5 exon 2 MspI polymorphism and an intron 1 HaeIII polymorphism, which were completely linked, were significantly associated with thorax-waist fat thickness, 6–7th rib fat thickness and carcass length to 1st rib (P < 0.05); (3) an MYOD1 intron 1 DdeI polymorphism was significantly associated with carcass length to 1st rib.
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36
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Lindahl G, Enfält AC, Andersen HJ, Lundström K. Impact of RN genotype and ageing time on colour characteristics of the pork muscles longissimus dorsi and semimembranosus. Meat Sci 2006; 74:746-55. [PMID: 22063232 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2006.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2005] [Revised: 06/02/2006] [Accepted: 06/02/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The effect of RN genotype on pH decline, ultimate pH, pigment content, blooming and colour stability during 6 days of display at 5°C was studied in two pig muscles, M. longissimus dorsi (LD) and M. semimembranosus (SM), and furthermore the effect of anaerobic storage time (2 days vs. 9 days of ageing) on the same parameters was examined. The postmortem pH decline was faster and the ultimate pH lower in LD and SM of the RN(-) genotype compared with corresponding muscles from the rn(+) genotype. Pork of the RN(-) genotype was initially lighter and more red and yellow than pork of the rn(+) genotype due to a higher degree of blooming, which might be explained by the faster pH decline and/or lower ultimate pH. The level of oxymyoglobin (MbO(2)) was decisive for the redness of both muscles during display in air despite a higher presence of metmyoglobin (MetMb). Pork of the RN(-) genotype was thus redder than that of the rn(+) genotype throughout display in air despite higher oxidation to MetMb. Ageing for 9 days in chill improved the blooming potential in pork of both genotypes compared with 2 days of ageing, resulting in superior meat colour. However, only in pork from the RN(-) genotype, the colour was not negatively affected by ageing time upon display in air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunilla Lindahl
- Department of Food Science, Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Research Centre Foulum, P.O. Box 50, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
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37
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van Wijk HJ, Dibbits B, Baron EE, Brings AD, Harlizius B, Groenen MAM, Knol EF, Bovenhuis H. Identification of quantitative trait loci for carcass composition and pork quality traits in a commercial finishing cross. J Anim Sci 2006; 84:789-99. [PMID: 16543555 DOI: 10.2527/2006.844789x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A QTL study for carcass composition and meat quality traits was conducted on finisher pigs of a cross between a synthetic Piétrain/Large White boar line and a commercial sow cross. The mapping population comprised 715 individuals evaluated for a total of 30 traits related to growth and fatness (4 traits), carcass composition (11 traits), and meat quality (15 traits). Offspring of 8 sires (n = 715) were used for linkage analysis and genotyped for 73 microsatellite markers covering 14 chromosomal regions representing approximately 50% of the pig genome. The regions examined were selected based on previous studies suggesting the presence of QTL affecting carcass composition or meat quality traits. Thirty-two QTL exceeding the 5% chromosome-wise significance level were identified. Among these, 5 QTL affecting 5 different traits were significant at the 1% chromosome-wise level. The greatest significance levels were found for a QTL affecting loin weight on SSC11 and a QTL with an effect on the Japanese color scale score of the loin on SSC4. About one-third of the identified QTL were in agreement with QTL previously reported. Results showed that QTL affecting carcass composition and meat quality traits segregated within commercial lines. Use of these results for marker-assisted selection offers opportunities for improving pork quality by within-line selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J van Wijk
- Institute for Pig Genetics, PO Box 43, 6640 AA, Beuningen, The Netherlands.
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38
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Du CJ, Sun DW. Automatic measurement of pores and porosity in pork ham and their correlations with processing time, water content and texture. Meat Sci 2006; 72:294-302. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2005.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2005] [Revised: 07/12/2005] [Accepted: 07/28/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Enfält AC, von Seth G, Josell Å, Lindahl G, Hedebro-Velander I, Braunschweig M, Andersson L, Lundström K. Effects of a second mutant allele (V199I) at the PRKAG3 (RN) locus on carcass composition in pigs. Livest Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livprodsci.2005.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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40
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Jeon JT, Lee JH, Kim KS, Park CK, Oh SJ. Application of DNA markers in animal industries. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1071/ea05191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The current animal industry is both technology-intensive and globalised. Efficient molecular tools, such as DNA markers, are in demand to strengthen competitive power by maximising the improvement of livestock and obtaining the trust of customers by the verification of product origins. This review describes the present techniques applying DNA markers in the animal industry, with a focus on beef cattle and pigs. Preliminary data from an individual traceability assay for Hanwoo (Korean cattle) using 20 microsatellite markers is described. The potential uses of the assay are demonstrated for several key markers of different traits: for the porcine stress syndrome gene using the RYR mutation; for acid meat using the PRKAG3 mutation; for intramuscular fat using the FABP3 mutation and for fixing the Dominant white allele using KIT duplication. In addition, a possible strategy is suggested to discriminate between pig breeds using mutations of KIT, MC1R, ND2 and the 11-bp insertion in the D-loop of mitochondrial DNA. The industrial application of DNA techniques is limited at present, however, it is expected that DNA markers originating from trait genes, especially those of low-heritability and difficult-to-measure traits, may contribute to maximising the improvement of the major economic traits of animals in the future.
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HULLBERG ANJA, JOHANSSON LISBETH, LUNDSTROM KERSTIN. SENSORY PERCEPTION OF CURED-SMOKED PORK LOIN FROM CARRIERS AND NONCARRIERS OF THE RN- ALLELE AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH TECHNOLOGICAL MEAT QUALITY. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4573.2004.06103.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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43
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Effect of tumbling and RN genotype on sensory perception of cured-smoked pork loin. Meat Sci 2004; 69:721-32. [PMID: 22063150 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2004.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2004] [Revised: 07/09/2004] [Accepted: 07/23/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Effects of tumbling and RN genotype on sensory perception of cured-smoked loins were studied on loins from 32 crossbred female pigs containing Hampshire blood. Right-side loins were intermittently tumbled during 4 h, whereas left-side loins were left non-tumbled. Tumbled loins were more tender and uniform in cured colour as well as less acidulous in taste compared with non-tumbled loins. Further, the formation of undesirable pores was lower in tumbled loins. Final juiciness tended to be higher and meat taste intensity lower in tumbled loins, whereas initial juiciness did not differ. There were no significant interactions between tumbling and RN genotype for sensory attributes. RN(-) carriers (RN(-)/rn(+)) were more acidulous in taste, had more pronounced meat taste and were saltier than non-carriers (rn(+) /rn(+)). Moreover, they tended to have higher initial juiciness and more undesirable pores, and be less homogeneous in cured pink colour. No differences in consumer preference between the four treatments were detected in the ranking test, but most persons ranked non-tumbled loins highest regarding overall liking. Instrumental tenderness measurements agreed well with sensory tenderness scores.
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44
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Hullberg A, Lundström K. The effects of RN genotype and tumbling on processing yield in cured–smoked pork loins. Meat Sci 2004; 67:409-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2003.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2003] [Revised: 11/12/2003] [Accepted: 11/14/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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45
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Demeure O, Liaubet L, Riquet J, Milan D. Determination of PRKAG1 coding sequence and mapping of PRKAG1 and PRKAG2 relatively to porcine back fat thickness QTL. Anim Genet 2004; 35:123-5. [PMID: 15025572 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2004.01102.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PRKAG1, PRKAG2 and PRKAG3 encode three isoforms of AMP-activated protein kinase gamma chain. A major effect on meat quality and a medium effect on back fat thickness of the RN- mutation in the PRKAG3 gene has previously been reported. We have now mapped PRKAG1 and PRKAG2 at expected locations on SSC5 and SSC18 by analysis of radiation hybrids (IMpRH panel). PRKAG2 has been mapped in a region where no quantitative trait loci (QTL) has been reported. PRKAG1 has been mapped close to (but probably outside) a region containing a QTL influencing fatness traits. We have determined the full coding sequence of PRKAG1. No missense mutation was identified when comparing the coding sequence of one Meishan and one Large White boars. Further work is, however, required to determine if a polymorphism in PRKAG1 could be responsible for a part of the variability observed on fatness traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Demeure
- Laboratoire de Génétique Cellulaire, INRA, BP 27, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
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A second mutant allele (V199I) at the PRKAG3 (RN) locus— I. Effect on technological meat quality of pork loin. Meat Sci 2004; 66:609-19. [DOI: 10.1016/s0309-1740(03)00179-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2003] [Revised: 07/07/2003] [Accepted: 07/07/2003] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Hullberg A, Ballerini L. Pore formation in cured–smoked pork determined with image analysis—effects of tumbling and RN− gene. Meat Sci 2003; 65:1231-6. [DOI: 10.1016/s0309-1740(03)00030-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2002] [Revised: 12/30/2002] [Accepted: 01/03/2003] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Josell Å, Enfält AC, von Seth G, Lindahl G, Hedebro-Velander I, Andersson L, Lundström K. The influence of RN genotype, including the new V199I allele, on the eating quality of pork loin. Meat Sci 2003; 65:1341-51. [DOI: 10.1016/s0309-1740(03)00056-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2002] [Revised: 02/10/2003] [Accepted: 02/11/2003] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Stern S, Heyer A, Andersson HK, Rydhmer L, Lundström K. Production Results and Technological Meat Quality for Pigs in Indoor and Outdoor Rearing Systems. ACTA AGR SCAND A-AN 2003. [DOI: 10.1080/09064700310014979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Andersson HK, Olsson V, Hullberg A, Lundström K. Effects of Sex, Feed and Pre-slaughter Routines on Technological Meat Quality in Carriers and Non-carriers of the RN−allele. ACTA AGR SCAND A-AN 2003. [DOI: 10.1080/09064700310002404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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