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Sarubbi J, Martínez-Burnes J, Ghezzi MD, Olmos-Hernandez A, Lendez PA, Ceriani MC, Hernández-Avalos I. Hypothalamic Neuromodulation and Control of the Dermal Surface Temperature of Livestock during Hyperthermia. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1745. [PMID: 38929364 PMCID: PMC11200636 DOI: 10.3390/ani14121745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyperthermia elicits several physiological and behavioral responses in livestock to restore thermal neutrality. Among these responses, vasodilation and sweating help to reduce core body temperature by increasing heat dissipation by radiation and evaporation. Thermoregulatory behaviors such as increasing standing time, reducing feed intake, shade-seeking, and limiting locomotor activity also increase heat loss. These mechanisms are elicited by the connection between peripheral thermoreceptors and cerebral centers, such as the preoptic area of the hypothalamus. Considering the importance of this thermoregulatory pathway, this review aims to discuss the hypothalamic control of hyperthermia in livestock, including the main physiological and behavioral changes that animals adopt to maintain their thermal stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Sarubbi
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Av. Independência, Palmeira das Missões 3751, RS, Brazil
| | - Julio Martínez-Burnes
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Victoria City 87000, Mexico
| | - Marcelo Daniel Ghezzi
- Animal Welfare Area, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences (FCV), Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), University Campus, Tandil 7000, Argentina;
| | - Adriana Olmos-Hernandez
- Division of Biotechnology—Bioterio and Experimental Surgery, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación-Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra (INR-LGII), Mexico City 14389, Mexico
| | - Pamela Anahí Lendez
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences (FCV), Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, CIVETAN, UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET (UNCPBA), University Campus, Tandil 7000, Argentina
| | - María Carolina Ceriani
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences (FCV), Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, CIVETAN, UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET (UNCPBA), University Campus, Tandil 7000, Argentina
| | - Ismael Hernández-Avalos
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán (FESC), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico (UNAM), Cuautitlán 54714, Mexico
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Samara EM, Al-Badwi MA, Abdoun KA, Al-Haidary AA. Applicability of thermography as a potential non-invasive technique to assess the body-thermal status of heat-stressed and water-deprived goats (Capra hircus). J Therm Biol 2024; 119:103790. [PMID: 38354493 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.103790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
To evaluate the use of infrared thermography to assess the thermal status of heat-stressed and water-deprived Capra hircus, full-body surface temperature (TS) and six other body-thermal variables [core, rectal (TR), and skin (TSK) temperatures, respiratory and heart rates, and total body-thermal gradient (core-to-ambient, BTG)] were measured after three days of euhydration (EU), dehydration (DE), and rehydration (RE). Results revealed that the combined effect of heat stress and water deprivation had affected all tested variables including the TS, and once these animals gained access to water in the RE stage variables returned to their EU levels. Moreover, there were positive correlations between TS and all variables with the exception of BTG. From these six variables, only three variables (i.e. the TR, TSK, and BTG) during the DE stage and two variables (i.e. the TSK and BTG) throughout the experimental stages showed higher constancy (R2 ≥ 0 75, P < 0 001; agreement intervals ±1 96 95 % CI) with TS. However, BTG appeared more closely correlated with TS, representing the body-thermal status more realistically than other variables. In effect, the mean and thresholds of the BTG were predicted using the recorded TS and were within 0.02 °C of original estimates. Collectively, these findings show that infrared thermography is appropriate for assessing body-thermal status, and thus the welfare, of these animals under the three conditions studied, and conclude that full-body TS can be a surrogate proxy for BTG in these animals. Further experiments are needed to adequately examine the reproducibility of these results under biometeorologically-simulated environments and natural habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad M Samara
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammed A Al-Badwi
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid A Abdoun
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A Al-Haidary
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Yan Y, Zhu K, Liu H, Fan M, Zhao X, Pan M, Ma B, Wei Q. The Relationship between Mastitis and Antimicrobial Peptide S100A7 Expression in Dairy Goats. Vet Sci 2023; 10:653. [PMID: 37999476 PMCID: PMC10674537 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10110653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
S100A7 is an inflammation-related protein and plays an essential role in host defenses, yet there is little research about the relationship between mastitis and S100A7 expression in dairy goats. Here, according to the clinical diagnosis of udders, SCC, and bacteriological culture (BC) of milk, 84 dairy goats were grouped into healthy goats (n = 25), subclinical mastitis goats (n = 36), and clinical mastitis goats (n = 23). The S100A7 concentration in subclinical mastitis goats was significantly upregulated than in healthy dairy goats (p = 0.0056) and had a limited change with clinical mastitis dairy goats (p = 0.8222). The relationship between log10 SCC and S100A7 concentration in milk was positive and R = 0.05249; the regression equation was Y = 0.1446 × X + 12.54. According to the three groups, the log10 SCC and S100A7 were analyzed using the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve; in subclinical mastitis goats, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of log10 SCC was 0.9222 and p < 0.0001, and the AUC of S100A7 concentration was 0.7317 and p = 0.0022, respectively; in clinical mastitis goats, the AUC of log10 SCC was 0.9678 and p < 0.0001, and the AUC of S100A7 concentration was 0.5487 and p = 0.5634, respectively. In healthy goats, S100A7 was expressed weakly in the alveolus of the mammary gland of healthy goats while expressed densely in the collapsed alveolus of mastitis goats. Moreover, S100A7 expression increased significantly in mastitis goats than in healthy dairy goats. In this research, results showed the effects of mastitis on the S100A7 expression in the mammary gland and S100A7 concentration in milk and the limited relationship between SCC and mastitis, which provided a new insight into S100A7's role in the host defenses of dairy goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Yan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.Y.); (K.Z.); (H.L.); (M.F.); (X.Z.); (M.P.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Kunyuan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.Y.); (K.Z.); (H.L.); (M.F.); (X.Z.); (M.P.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Haokun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.Y.); (K.Z.); (H.L.); (M.F.); (X.Z.); (M.P.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Mingzhen Fan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.Y.); (K.Z.); (H.L.); (M.F.); (X.Z.); (M.P.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xiaoe Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.Y.); (K.Z.); (H.L.); (M.F.); (X.Z.); (M.P.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Menghao Pan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.Y.); (K.Z.); (H.L.); (M.F.); (X.Z.); (M.P.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Baohua Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.Y.); (K.Z.); (H.L.); (M.F.); (X.Z.); (M.P.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.Y.); (K.Z.); (H.L.); (M.F.); (X.Z.); (M.P.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
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McManus R, Boden LA, Weir W, Viora L, Barker R, Kim Y, McBride P, Yang S. Thermography for disease detection in livestock: A scoping review. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:965622. [PMID: 36016809 PMCID: PMC9395652 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.965622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Infra-red thermography (IRT) offers potential opportunities as a tool for disease detection in livestock. Despite considerable research in this area, there are no common standards or protocols for managing IRT parameters in animal disease detection research. In this review, we investigate parameters that are essential to the progression of this tool and make recommendations for their use based on the literature found and the veterinary thermography guidelines from the American Academy of Thermology. We analyzed a defined set of 109 articles concerned with the use of IRT in livestock related to disease and from these articles, parameters for accurate IRT were identified and sorted into the fields of camera-, animal- or environment-related categories to assess the practices of each article in reporting parameters. This review demonstrates the inconsistencies in practice across peer-reviewed articles and reveals that some important parameters are completely unreported while others are incorrectly captured and/or under-represented in the literature. Further to this, our review highlights the lack of measured emissivity values for live animals in multiple species. We present guidelines for the standards of parameters that should be used and reported in future experiments and discuss potential opportunities and challenges associated with using IRT for disease detection in livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary McManus
- Division of Pathology, Public Health and Disease Investigation, School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa A. Boden
- Global Academy of Agriculture and Food Systems, The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - William Weir
- Division of Pathology, Public Health and Disease Investigation, School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Lorenzo Viora
- Scottish Centre for Production Animal Health and Food Safety, School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Barker
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | - Yunhyong Kim
- Information Studies Department, School of Humanities, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Pauline McBride
- School of Law, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Shufan Yang
- School of Computing, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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de França Carvalho Fonsêca V, Maia ASC, Saraiva EP, de Melo Costa CC, da Silva RG, Abdoun KA, Al-Haidary AA, Samara EM, Fuller A. Bio-thermal responses and heat balance of a hair coat sheep breed raised under an equatorial semi-arid environment. J Therm Biol 2019; 84:83-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2019.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Harrap MJM, Hempel de Ibarra N, Whitney HM, Rands SA. Reporting of thermography parameters in biology: a systematic review of thermal imaging literature. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:181281. [PMID: 30662737 PMCID: PMC6304129 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.181281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Infrared (IR) thermography, where temperature measurements are made with IR cameras, has proven to be a very useful and widely used tool in biological science. Several thermography parameters are critical to the proper operation of thermal cameras and the accuracy of measurements, and these must usually be provided to the camera. Failure to account for these parameters may lead to less accurate measurements. Furthermore, the failure to provide information of parameter choices in reports may compromise appraisal of accuracy and replicate studies. In this review, we investigate how well biologists report thermography parameters. This is done through a systematic review of biological thermography literature that included articles published between years 2007 and 2017. We found that in primary biological thermography papers, which make some kind of quantitative temperature measurement, 48% fail to report values used for emissivity (an object's capacity to emit thermal radiation relative to a black body radiator), which is the minimum level of reporting that should take place. This finding highlights the need for life scientists to take into account and report key parameter information when carrying out thermography, in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natalie Hempel de Ibarra
- Centre for Research in Animal Behaviour, School of Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QG, UK
| | - Heather M. Whitney
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Sean A. Rands
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
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7
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Udder skin surface temperature variation pre- and post- milking in dairy cows as determined by infrared thermography. J DAIRY RES 2018; 85:201-203. [PMID: 29785909 DOI: 10.1017/s0022029918000213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of the research reported in this Research Communication were to compare the variation of hind quarter skin surface temperature pre- and post- milking in dairy cows and to determine the optimal time to capture images by infrared thermography for improving the sensitivity and specificity of mastitis detection in dairy cows. Hind quarter infrared images of 102 Holstein dairy cows were captured from the caudal view by an infrared camera pre-milking and post-milking. The udder skin surface temperature was measured with the help of the image processing software. No significant difference was found between the left and right quarter skin surface temperature pre- and post- milking. The hind quarter skin surface temperature pre-milking was not significantly influenced by milk yield, but exhibited a rising trend along with the increase of milk yield. The hind quarter skin surface temperature post-milking was significantly influenced by milk yield. This leads us to conclude that the sensitivity and specificity of IRT in mastitis detection may be influenced by milk yield and it may be better to capture the infrared images of cow udders pre-milking.
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Zaninelli M, Redaelli V, Luzi F, Bronzo V, Mitchell M, Dell'Orto V, Bontempo V, Cattaneo D, Savoini G. First Evaluation of Infrared Thermography as a Tool for the Monitoring of Udder Health Status in Farms of Dairy Cows. SENSORS 2018. [PMID: 29538352 PMCID: PMC5877300 DOI: 10.3390/s18030862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to test infrared thermography (IRT), under field conditions, as a possible tool for the evaluation of cow udder health status. Thermographic images (n. 310) from different farms (n. 3) were collected and evaluated using a dedicated software application to calculate automatically and in a standardized way, thermographic indices of each udder. Results obtained have confirmed a significant relationship between udder surface skin temperature (USST) and classes of somatic cell count in collected milk samples. Sensitivity and specificity in the classification of udder health were: 78.6% and 77.9%, respectively, considering a level of somatic cell count (SCC) of 200,000 cells/mL as a threshold to classify a subclinical mastitis or 71.4% and 71.6%, respectively when a threshold of 400,000 cells/mL was adopted. Even though the sensitivity and specificity were lower than in other published papers dealing with non-automated analysis of IRT images, they were considered acceptable as a first field application of this new and developing technology. Future research will permit further improvements in the use of IRT, at farm level. Such improvements could be attained through further image processing and enhancement, and the application of indicators developed and tested in the present study with the purpose of developing a monitoring system for the automatic and early detection of mastitis in individual animals on commercial farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Zaninelli
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, Università Telematica San Raffaele Roma, Via di Val Cannuta 247, Rome 00166, Italy.
| | - Veronica Redaelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, Milan 20133, Italy.
| | - Fabio Luzi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, Milan 20133, Italy.
| | - Valerio Bronzo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, Milan 20133, Italy.
| | - Malcolm Mitchell
- Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Scotland's Rural College, Roslin Institute Building, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK.
| | - Vittorio Dell'Orto
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety (VESPA), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, Milan 20133, Italy.
| | - Valentino Bontempo
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety (VESPA), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, Milan 20133, Italy.
| | - Donata Cattaneo
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety (VESPA), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, Milan 20133, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Savoini
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety (VESPA), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, Milan 20133, Italy.
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Cummins BM, Ligler FS, Walker GM. Point-of-care diagnostics for niche applications. Biotechnol Adv 2016; 34:161-76. [PMID: 26837054 PMCID: PMC4833668 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Point-of-care or point-of-use diagnostics are analytical devices that provide clinically relevant information without the need for a core clinical laboratory. In this review we define point-of-care diagnostics as portable versions of assays performed in a traditional clinical chemistry laboratory. This review discusses five areas relevant to human and animal health where increased attention could produce significant impact: veterinary medicine, space travel, sports medicine, emergency medicine, and operating room efficiency. For each of these areas, clinical need, available commercial products, and ongoing research into new devices are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M Cummins
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Frances S Ligler
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Glenn M Walker
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
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Tian W, Wang C, Wang J, Chen Q, Sun J, Li C, Wang X, Gu N. A high precision apparatus for intracellular thermal response at single-cell level. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 26:355501. [PMID: 26267315 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/35/355501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a nanoprobe that is highly thermo-sensitive to tiny temperature changes was prepared based on a thermocouple metal junction. A series of electro-element apparatuses were integrated to accomplish single-cell temperature measurement. The temperature measurement probe (TMP) was constructed by tungsten (W), polyurethane (PU), and platinum (Pt). The tip size of TMP was characterized at less than 500 nm, and the tip angle was between 10 and 20° with the resistance in the range of 500 to 1500 Ω. The single-cell temperature measurement probes were calibrated and calculated with a Seebeck coefficient ranging from 6 to 8 μV °C(-1) at a precision of 0.1 °C. Monitoring the temperature at a single-cell level by inserting the TMP in marine lung epithelia (MLE)-12 cells displayed that the stimulation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and cobalt chloride induced different single-cell temperature fluctuation. This investigation could help reveal complex cellular functions and develop novel diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
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