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Samara EM, Al-Badwi MA, Abdoun KA, Al-Haidary AA. Proposing a strategy based on body-thermal status to improve the welfare of heat-stressed and water-deprived goats (Capra hircus). Anim Biosci 2024:ab.24.0096. [PMID: 38754843 DOI: 10.5713/ab.24.0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Despite the considerable body of research on the effects of heat stress coupled with water scarcity (either through restriction or deprivation) on goats, aimed at enhancing their welfare, there remains a notable gap in the literature regarding the subsequent period following water restoration, during which the cumulative impact is fully alleviated. In response to this gap, we propose a strategy grounded in the assessment of body-thermal status to improve the welfare of heat-stressed and water-deprived goats. Specifically, our strategy seeks to determine the minimally required recovery interval necessary to completely mitigate the residual effects of water deprivation endured for a duration of 72 hours. Methods Eight healthy Aardi bucks, aged 10 months and weighing 30 kg, were subjected to three distinct stages: euhydration, dehydration, and rehydration. Each stage spanned for 72 hours except for the rehydration stage, which was left unrestricted. Various meteorological, biophysiological, and thermophysiological measurements were subsequently recorded. Results Exposure of heat-stressed goats, as indicated by the temperature-humidity index values, to a 72 hours deprivation period resulted in noticeable (p<0.05) alterations in their biophysiological (daily feed intake, body weight, and feces water content) and thermophysiological responses (core, rectal, skin, and surface temperatures, respiratory and heart rates, internal, external, and total body-thermal gradients, heat tolerance and adaptability coefficients, heterothermial total body-heat storage, and total water conservation). Remarkably, our findings demonstrate that all assessed variables, whether measured or estimated, returned to their baseline euhydration levels within 10 days of commencing the rehydration phase. Conclusion In order to improve the welfare of heat-stressed and 72 hours water-deprived goats, it is imperative to allow a recovery period of no less than 10 days following the restoration of water access prior to initiating any subsequent experiments involving these animals. Such experiments, addressing these critical aspects, serve to advance our understanding of goat welfare and obviously hold promise for contributing to future food security and economic viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad Mohammed Samara
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Al-Badwi
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid A Abdoun
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A Al-Haidary
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Samara EM, Al-Badwi MA, Abdoun KA, Al-Haidary AA. Applicability of thermography as a potential non-invasive technique to assess the body-thermal status of heat-stressed and water-deprived goats (Capra hircus). J Therm Biol 2024; 119:103790. [PMID: 38354493 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.103790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
To evaluate the use of infrared thermography to assess the thermal status of heat-stressed and water-deprived Capra hircus, full-body surface temperature (TS) and six other body-thermal variables [core, rectal (TR), and skin (TSK) temperatures, respiratory and heart rates, and total body-thermal gradient (core-to-ambient, BTG)] were measured after three days of euhydration (EU), dehydration (DE), and rehydration (RE). Results revealed that the combined effect of heat stress and water deprivation had affected all tested variables including the TS, and once these animals gained access to water in the RE stage variables returned to their EU levels. Moreover, there were positive correlations between TS and all variables with the exception of BTG. From these six variables, only three variables (i.e. the TR, TSK, and BTG) during the DE stage and two variables (i.e. the TSK and BTG) throughout the experimental stages showed higher constancy (R2 ≥ 0 75, P < 0 001; agreement intervals ±1 96 95 % CI) with TS. However, BTG appeared more closely correlated with TS, representing the body-thermal status more realistically than other variables. In effect, the mean and thresholds of the BTG were predicted using the recorded TS and were within 0.02 °C of original estimates. Collectively, these findings show that infrared thermography is appropriate for assessing body-thermal status, and thus the welfare, of these animals under the three conditions studied, and conclude that full-body TS can be a surrogate proxy for BTG in these animals. Further experiments are needed to adequately examine the reproducibility of these results under biometeorologically-simulated environments and natural habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad M Samara
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammed A Al-Badwi
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid A Abdoun
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A Al-Haidary
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M. Qaid
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Thamar University, Thamar, Yemen
| | - Khalid A. Abdoun
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Al-Badwi MA, Samara EM, Abdoun KA, Al-Haidary AA. Using chrono-physiological management in form of shifting the feeding time has no advantage in goat kids exposed to experimentally induced heat stress. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:297. [PMID: 33928449 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02716-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite the proven outcomes of implementing chrono-physiological management (CPM) in several animals to promote their production performance, studies on its usefulness in goats are lacking. Twelve healthy Aardi male goat kids (22.60±1.10kg body weight; 6 months of age) were randomly allocated into two groups (morning-fed at 09:00 h and evening-fed at 21:00 h). The physiological and productive advantage of CPM (in form of shifting feeding time) was investigated in both groups while exposed to experimentally induced heat stress for 42 days (daily ambient temperature was cycling from 25 to 45°C). Thermophysiological (rectal, skin, and coat temperatures as well as respiratory rate), blood biochemical (plasma level of albumin, glucose, triacylglycerol, and urea), and production performance (daily feed intake, average daily gain, and feed conversion ratio) measurements were all obtained throughout this period. Current findings collectively revealed that shifting feeding time from 09:00 to 21:00 h had no (P > 0.05) impact on the thermophysiological status and blood metabolites of heat stressed kids. Above all, evidences have indicated that shifting feeding time had failed (P > 0.05) to demonstrate any consequence on promoting growth in these kids, thereby suggesting that shifting feeding time under hot climatic conditions has no advantage in goats. In fact, implementation of such an approach might not to be encouraged for heat-adapted animals. Experiments using other CPM methods (such as simultaneous shift of both feeding time and lighting program) can be however of further interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Al-Badwi
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia. .,Department of Animal Production, Ibb University, P.O. Box 70270, Ibb, Yemen.
| | - Emad M Samara
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid A Abdoun
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A Al-Haidary
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Osman OA, Elkhair NM, Abdoun KA. Effects of dietary supplementation with different concentration of molasses on growth performance, blood metabolites and rumen fermentation indices of Nubian goats. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:411. [PMID: 33121481 PMCID: PMC7596932 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02636-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Molasses is a potential energy supplement; extensively used to improve growth performance, milk and meat characteristics in goats at relatively low concentrations of 5–40% of the diet. Few data are available concerning feeding molasses to goat kids; therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with higher concentrations of molasses on growth performance, blood metabolites and rumen fermentation indices. Twenty male Nubian goat kids (4–6 months old; 9–10 kg BW) were randomly assigned to 4 groups receiving different concentration of molasses: 0% (M-0), 30% (M-30), 40% (M-40) and 45% (M-45) for 5 weeks. Feed (DFI) and water intake (DWI) were measured daily, while the blood and rumen liquor samples were collected weekly. Results The DFI increased and feed conversion ratio (FCR) decreased in all molasses-supplemented groups (P ≤ 0.05), whereas DWI increased in M-30 and decreased in M-45 (P ≤ 0.05). The final BW and average daily gain (ADG) increased (P < 0.0001) in groups M-30 and M-40 compared to the control and M-45. Blood pH was significantly influenced by dietary molasses concentration (MC) and the duration of molasses supplementation (MD), where it decreased in groups M-30 and M-45 compared to the control and M-40 (P < 0.05). The MC had no significant effect on blood Hb, HCT, TLC, albumin, [K+], AST, ALT and total protozoa count (TPC), as well as ruminal-[Na+], [K+], strong ion difference concentration ([SID3]) and [NH3]; however, only [NH3] was significantly affected by MD and the interaction between MC and MD (MC × MD). Serum TP, globulins, [Na+] and [Cl−] increased (P ≤ 0.05) in all supplemented groups, while A/G ratio and [SID3] decreased (P ≤ 0.05). Ruminal pH decreased (P < 0.0001) in M-40 and M-45 compared to the control and M-30. However, [VFAs] increased (P < 0.04) in M-30 and M-40 compared to the control and M-45, while osmolality increased (P ≤ 0.05) in M-30 compared to the other groups. Conclusions Dietary supplementation with molasses at a concentration of 30% for 3 weeks improved growth performance, protein metabolism and rumen fermentation without compromising animal health, immunity, and electrolytes and acid-base homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osman A Osman
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of West Kordofan, Al-Fulah, Sudan
| | - Nawal M Elkhair
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Khartoum, 13314, Shambat, Sudan. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Khalid A Abdoun
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Adeniji YA, Sanni MO, Abdoun KA, Samara EM, Al-Badwi MA, Bahadi MA, Alhidary IA, Al-Haidary AA. Resilience of Lambs to Limited Water Availability without Compromising Their Production Performance. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E1491. [PMID: 32846948 PMCID: PMC7552272 DOI: 10.3390/ani10091491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Water scarcity is a common phenomenon in arid and semi-arid regions, which could have tremendous effects on livestock production. This study aimed to determine the level of water restriction that lambs fed on a pelleted diet can tolerate without compromising their production performance. A total of 24 male Najdi lambs were housed individually and randomly allocated into three equal groups, namely ad libitum water intake, 33% water-intake restriction, and 67% water-intake restriction. Dry-matter intake, feed conversion ratio, and average daily gain were decreased (p < 0.05) with the increasing level of water restriction. Water restriction had also reduced (p < 0.05) nutrient digestibility. The water-conserving ability of the water-restricted lambs was manifested by the production of concentrated and lower (p < 0.05) quantities of urine and feces. Meanwhile, serum osmolality and concentrations of albumin, total protein, urea-N, glucose, and non-esterified fatty acids were increased (p < 0.05) with the increasing levels of water restriction. It is surprising that lambs subjected to 67% water restriction retained more (p < 0.05) nitrogen relative to intake and had better (p < 0.05) efficiency of nitrogen utilization. It was strongly evident that lambs could tolerate water-intake restriction of up to 33% without compromising their production performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Khalid A. Abdoun
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (Y.A.A.); (M.O.S.); (E.M.S.); (M.A.A.-B.); (M.A.B.); (I.A.A.); (A.A.A.-H.)
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El-Zarei MF, Alseaf AM, Alhaidary AA, Mousa EF, Okab AB, Samara EM, Abdoun KA. Short-term heat shock proteins 70 and 90 mRNA expression profile and its relation to thermo-physiological parameters in goats exposed to heat stress. Int J Biometeorol 2019; 63:459-465. [PMID: 30710250 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-019-01677-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To follow the inheritance potential for heat tolerance after a crossing program in goats, 24 kids from four groups of goat kids (6 kids in each) from Aradi (A) and Damascus (D), their crossbred first-generation F1 (½D½A) and second-generation F2 (¾D¼A), were exposed to acute elevated environmental temperature in controlled climatic chambers. Rectal temperature (RT), respiratory rate (RR), heat tolerance coefficient (HTC), adaptability coefficient (AC), and mRNA expression of heat shock proteins 70 and 90 ((HSP70 and HASP90, respectively), using real-time PCR were estimated. Results showed that Aradi breed goats had the highest level of expression for heat shock proteins 70 and 90, followed by F1, F2, and Damascus (P ≤ 0.01). Crossbreeds and Damascus showed the highest RT, while Aradi breed showed the lowest value (P ≤ 0.01). Aradi and crossbreeds showed the highest RR, while Damascus showed the lowest RR (P ≤ 0.05). Aradi and F1 showed the highest HTC (P ≤ 0.05), while there was no significant difference between pure breeds and crossbreeds in AC. A significant positive phenotypic correlation (0.81) was observed between HSP70 and HSP90. In addition, RR showed moderate positive correlation with both HSP70 and HSP90. It could be concluded that Aradi breed had putative heat tolerance in comparison to its crossbred progeny from the Damascus breed. The crossbreeding may result in some loss of heat tolerance potential, but the crossbreeds still better adapted to high environmental temperature than the Damascus breed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F El-Zarei
- Department of Animal Production and Breeding, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Qassim, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
| | - A M Alseaf
- Department of Animal Production and Breeding, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - A A Alhaidary
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - E F Mousa
- Department of Animal Production and Breeding, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - A B Okab
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - E M Samara
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - K A Abdoun
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Alhidary IA, Alsofi MA, Abdoun KA, Samara EM, Okab AB, Al-Haidary AA. Influence of dietary chromium yeast supplementation on apparent trace elements metabolism in growing camel (Camelus dromedarius) reared under hot summer conditions. Trop Anim Health Prod 2017; 50:519-524. [PMID: 29116605 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-017-1462-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary chromium (Cr) supplementation on the apparent metabolism of some trace elements in camel calves reared under hot summer conditions. The study was conducted on a total of 15 male camel calves (5-6 months old) reared under hot summer conditions for 12 weeks. The animals were housed individually under shelter and divided into three dietary treatment groups (diets supplemented with 0.0, 0.5, or 1.0 mg Cr/kg DM), five animals each. At the end of the study, a metabolic trial was conducted on all camels for the evaluation of trace elements metabolism. Cr excretion, absorption, and retention showed an increasing trend with the increasing level of dietary Cr supplementation. Dietary Cr supplementation at 0.5 mg Cr/kg DM to camel calves resulted in a significant (P < 0.05) increase in Cu and an increasing trend in Zn and Mn excretion via urine and feces. However, Fe retention increased significantly (P < 0.05) in camel calves fed on diet supplemented with Cr. Dietary Cr supplementation to camel calves resulted in an increasing trend of plasma Cr concentration, while plasma concentration of Cu and Zn tended to decrease and without any effect on plasma Fe concentration. The results of the present study suggests that care should be taken for the negative interaction of Cr with the utilization of other trace elements, in cases where Cr is supplemented to the diet as a feed additive to promote growth and immunity under hot climatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim A Alhidary
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - M A Alsofi
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - K A Abdoun
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - E M Samara
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - A B Okab
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - A A Al-Haidary
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Babiker EE, Juhaimi FA, Ghafoor K, Abdoun KA. Comparative study on feeding value of Moringa leaves as a partial replacement for alfalfa hay in ewes and goats. Livest Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Babiker EE, Al Juhaimi F, Ghafoor K, Mohamed HE, Abdoun KA. Effect of partial replacement of alfalfa hay with Moringa species leaves on milk yield and composition of Najdi ewes. Trop Anim Health Prod 2016; 48:1427-33. [PMID: 27461475 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-016-1111-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The present study was carried out to investigate changes in milk yield and composition of Najdi ewes fed 25 % Moringa oleifera (MOD) or Moringa peregrina (MPD) leaf diets as a supplement to alfalfa hay diet (AHD). Thirty ewes (average 55 kg, 2 years old) were randomly sorted into three experimental groups with 10 animals each and were fed for a 6-week period with these diets (AHD, MOD, or MPD). Diets dry matter, crude protein, and crude fiber were comparable, while fat, nitrogen-free extract (NFE), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), metabolizable energy (ME), total phenolic, and antioxidant activity varied (p ≤ 0.05) between the diets. Feeding ewes with MOD increased (p ≤ 0.05) the milk yield compared to those fed AHD while milk composition was similar (p ≤ 0.05) between treatments. The concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the ewes' milk and serum was lower (p ≤ 0.05) for MOD, while the total antioxidant capacity, catalase activity, and vitamin C contents were increased (p ≤ 0.05). The serum cholesterol and glucose of the ewes were lower (p ≤ 0.05) for those fed MOD. Moringa diets increased (p ≤ 0.05) average daily weight gain of lambs compared to those fed alfalfa diets. The results obtained showed that the inclusion of Moringa, especially M. oleifera, in the diet of Najdi ewes can improve milk yield and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elfadıl E Babiker
- Food Science and Nutrition Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fahad Al Juhaimi
- Food Science and Nutrition Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kashif Ghafoor
- Food Science and Nutrition Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - H E Mohamed
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, AlBaha University, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid A Abdoun
- Animal Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Al-Haidary AA, Abdoun KA, Samara EM, Okab AB, Sani M, Refinetti R. Daily rhythms of physiological parameters in the dromedary camel under natural and laboratory conditions. Res Vet Sci 2016; 107:273-277. [PMID: 27474007 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Camels are well adapted to hot arid environments and can contribute significantly to the economy of developing countries in arid regions of the world. Full understanding of the physiology of camels requires understanding of the internal temporal order of the body, as reflected in daily or circadian rhythms. In the current study, we investigated the daily rhythmicity of 20 physiological variables in camels exposed to natural oscillations of ambient temperature in a desert environment and compared the daily temporal courses of the variables. We also studied the rhythm of core body temperature under experimental conditions with constant ambient temperature in the presence and absence of a light-dark cycle. The obtained results indicated that different physiological variables exhibit different degrees of daily rhythmicity and reach their daily peaks at different times of the day, starting with plasma cholesterol, which peaks 24min after midnight, and ending with plasma calcium, which peaks 3h before midnight. Furthermore, the rhythm of core body temperature persisted in the absence of environmental rhythmicity, thus confirming its endogenous nature. The observed delay in the acrophase of core body temperature rhythm under constant conditions suggests that the circadian period is longer than 24h. Further studies with more refined experimental manipulation of different variables are needed to fully elucidate the causal network of circadian rhythms in dromedary camels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Al-Haidary
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid A Abdoun
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emad M Samara
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aly B Okab
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mamane Sani
- MRU Biomonitoring and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Maradi, Maradi, Niger
| | - Roberto Refinetti
- Circadian Rhythm Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA.
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Samara EM, Okab AB, Abdoun KA, El-Waziry AM, Al-Haidary AA. Subsequent influences of feeding intact green seaweed Ulva lactuca to growing lambs on the seminal and testicular characteristics in rams. J Anim Sci 2013; 91:5654-67. [PMID: 24146153 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2013-6719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present experiment was designed to investigate the subsequent influences of supplementing different levels of intact green seaweed Ulva lactuca (0%, 3%, and 5% DM) to growing sexually immature lambs during the growth period (74 d) on the seminal and testicular characteristics of sexually mature rams. Ulva lactuca was manually collected, adequately prepared, and then incorporated into lambs' diets. Eighteen male 3-mo-old lambs of the Awassi breed with a mean BW of 22.57 kg (SD = 1.08) were randomly assigned into treatments. The obtained results indicate that offering Ulva lactuca at the level of 3% or 5% DM to lambs during the growth period had no subsequent impacts (P > 0.05) on liver and kidney functions as well as blood water balance in rams, thereby suggesting that Ulva lactuca can be safely supplemented to lambs during growing. However, our findings point out that feeding a lamb diet supplemented with intact Ulva lactuca failed to demonstrate any subsequent benefit (P > 0.05) on the growth performance, thermoregulatory responses, and plasma oxidative status in rams. Above all, it was clearly evident that supplementing intact Ulva lactuca to lambs had demonstrated subsequent negative influences (P < 0.05) on seminal and testicular characteristics of rams, more noticeably observed at the 5% DM inclusion rate than at 3%. These results were manifested by the inferior (P < 0.05) seminal quality, reduced (P < 0.05) testicular morphometry, changes (P < 0.05) in testicular histopathology, defective (P < 0.05) endocrine signaling, and increased (P < 0.05) seminal oxidative stress in rams fed diets supplemented with Ulva lactuca during the growth period compared to control rams. The deleterious impacts of feeding intact Ulva lactuca on spermatogenesis and germ cell loss were proven to be attributed to the dysfunction of Sertoli cells. Collectively, these results provide novel insights on the subsequent influences of dietary supplementation of intact Ulva lactuca to lambs. The consistent evidence of profound negative impacts on seminal and testicular characteristics as well as the resulting data of no improvement of subsequent growth, thermoregulation, and plasma oxidative status in rams prompts us to tentatively recommend the avoidance of feeding intact Ulva lactuca to lambs.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Samara
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Okab AB, Samara EM, Abdoun KA, Rafay J, Ondruska L, Parkanyi V, Pivko J, Ayoub MA, Al-Haidary AA, Aljumaah RS, Peter M, Lukac N. Effects of dietary seaweed (Ulva lactuca) supplementation on the reproductive performance of buck and doe rabbits. Journal of Applied Animal Research 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2013.783479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Samara EM, Abdoun KA, Okab AB, Al-Haidary AA. A comparative thermophysiological study on water-deprived goats and camels. Journal of Applied Animal Research 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2012.692326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Abdoun KA, . EMS, . ABO, . AIAH. A Comparative Study on Seasonal Variation in Body Temperature and Blood Composition of Camels and Sheep. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.3923/javaa.2012.769.773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Okab AB, Abdoun KA, Samara EM, Al-Haidary AA. Acid‐Base Balance in Camels (Camelus dromedarius): Effects of Exercise and Dehydration. FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.lb739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aly Bassunny Okab
- Animal ProductionCollege of Food and Agriculture SciencesAl-RyiadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Khalid A. Abdoun
- Animal productionCollege of Food and Agriculture SciencesAlryiadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Emad M. Samara
- Animal productionCollege of Food and Agriculture SciencesAlryiadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A. Al-Haidary
- Animal productionCollege of Food and Agriculture SciencesAlryiadhSaudi Arabia
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Okab AB, Ayoub MA, Samara EM, Abdoun KA, Al-Haidary AA, Koriem AA, Hassan AA. Improvement of growth and nitrogen utilization in sheep using sugar beet pulp treated with Trichoderma reesei or urea. Trop Anim Health Prod 2012; 44:1623-9. [PMID: 22411049 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-012-0116-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-five intact Barki lambs with mean body weight of 24.81 ± 0.16 kg were used to investigate the effect of including in the diet sugar beet pulp (SBP) treated biologically with Trichoderma reesei or chemically with urea 4 % on nutrients digestibility, growth performance, nitrogen (N) utilization, and hematological and biochemical parameters. Two experiments were conducted. In the growth experiment, five lambs were randomly assigned to one of five dietary treatments. Lambs were offered isonitrogenous and isoenergetic concentrate feed mixture containing on dry matter basis 0 % SBP (D0), 50 % SBP (D1), 50 % SBP treated with 4 % urea (D2), 50 % SBP treated with T. reesei (D3), and 25 % SPB treated with 4 % urea plus 25 % SPB treated with T. reesei (D4). In the metabolism experiment, five rams were used in a 5 × 5 Latin square design and housed in metabolism crates for 21 days. The present study showed that inclusion of SBP at the level of 50 % (D1) negatively affected diet digestibility coefficients of crude protein, crude fiber, and ether extract, in addition to average daily gain, feed conversion, and N utilization. However, treatment of SBP with urea (D2), T. reesei (D3), or the combination (D4) of both had improved (P < 0.05) these parameters with superiority of D3. Despite the significant differences in the tested hematological and biochemical parameters of lambs fed on biologically or chemically treated SBP diets, their levels remained within the physiological ranges which could indicate that treated SBP did not have any adverse effect on lambs' health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aly B Okab
- Department of Animal Production, Colleges of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Abdoun KA, Amin ASA, Abdelatif AM. Milk composition of dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius): nutritional effects and correlation to corresponding blood parameters. Pak J Biol Sci 2007; 10:2724-2727. [PMID: 19070090 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2007.2724.2727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This study has been conducted in order to study the possible correlations between the nutritional value of plants selected by camels during the dry and green season and the corresponding blood and milk composition of the dromedary camels. The study has been conducted on 50 indigenous Arabian camels of different age and kept under natural range in Southern Darfur. The dromedary camels selected plants with significantly (p<0.05) higher crude protein content during the dry season and kept the serum albumin concentration and milk protein content at the same levels as those observed during the green season. However, the significantly (p<0.05) higher lipogenic content (ether extract + crude fiber) of the plant selected during the dry season resulted in significantly (p<0.05) higher serum triacylglycerides concentration and significantly (p<0.05) higher milk fat content compared to that of the green season. Although, the camels selected plants with significantly (p<0.05) higher nitrogen free extract content during the dry season, the plasma glucose level and the milk lactose content were significantly (p<0.05) reduced compared to that of the green season. The significantly (p<0.05) lower ach content of the plants selected during the dry season resulted in significantly lower serum calcium + phosphorus concentration, but did not reflect on the ash content of the milk. The results indicate that despite camels selectivity and unique adaptation to arid conditions, the milk lactose-and fat content were affected by the nutritional scarcity during the dry season. Therefore, it could be beneficial to provide energy-rich feed supplemented with calcium and phosphorus to camels kept under dry tropical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid A Abdoun
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Khartoum, Sudan
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Abstract
This study was carried out in southern Darfur, Sudan during dry-and green (wet) season and was designed to investigate the effects of season (dry-versus green season) on the blood constituents of the one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius). Two hundred and ten blood samples collected from apparently healthy one-humped camels (Camelus dromedarius) of different age and sex groups were used in this study, out of which 110 blood samples were collected during the dry season, while 100 blood samples were collected during the green season. The data analysis revealed that the season had significant effects on some of the haematological indices and the blood metabolites and minerals concentrations. The red blood cells count, lymphocytes and basophils percentages increased significantly during the dry season, while the osmotic resistance, MCV, MCH and neutrophils percentage increased significantly during the green season. The serum levels of total protein, globulins and triglycerides increased significantly during the dry season, while the concentrations of plasma glucose and serum urea, creatinine, phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca) increased significantly during the green season. The results obtained in the present study indicate that the nutritional status could induce significant changes in the physiological responses of the dromedary camel. The available forage during the green season improved the body condition, the blood metabolic and mineral profile in camels. The results indicate that despite camel's selectivity and unique adaptation to arid conditions; glucose, urea, P and Ca levels were lower during the dry season. Therefore, it could be beneficial to provide concentrate feed to camels kept under dry tropical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alia S A Amin
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Nyala, Sudan
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Amin ASA, Abdoun KA, Abdelatif AM. Seasonal variation in botanical and chemical composition of plants selected by one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius). Pak J Biol Sci 2007; 10:932-935. [PMID: 19069892 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2007.932.935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The present study has been conducted in order to investigate the seasonal variation in the botanical and chemical composition of plant parts consumed by camels (Camelus dromedarius). The study has been conducted on 210 indigenous Arabian camel of different age (1-18 years) and sex and kept under natural range in southern Darfur, Sudan. The findings of the present study indicate that camels are selective browser rather than grazer. Furthermore, they are selective feeder to the parts of pasture plants they consume. The percentages of Crude Protein (CP), Crude Fibre (CF) and Nitrogen Free Extract (NFE) of pasture plants selected by camels were significantly higher, while ash percentage was significantly lower during the dry season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alia S A Amin
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Nyala, Sudan
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