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Pourebrahim F, Omidvar N, Rezazadeh A, Eini-Zinab H, Shirani P, Ghodsi D. Food security and its association with socioeconomic status and dietary diversity in free living older people in Tehran, Iran. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:128. [PMID: 38308219 PMCID: PMC10836019 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-04705-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food security is a function of food access and dietary diversity. Older age is a period when adequate and diverse dietary intake is a challenge. This study aimed to investigate the association between food security on the one hand and dietary diversity and socioeconomic factors on the other hand among the free-living older people in the city of Tehran. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 583 older people, aged 60-80 years living in Tehran city, were selected through the systematic cluster sampling method. Food security was determined by the United States Household Food Security Survey Module (US-HFSSM (.Socioeconomic status (SES) and two 24-h recalls were obtained. Dietary Diversity Score (DDS) was calculated using the FAO 2010 guideline. Multinomial logistic regression was applied. RESULTS The average age of participants was 67.87 ± 5.86 years. Based on US-HFSSM, 56.9% of older people were food secure; while 25.7%, 14.2% and 3.2% suffered from food insecurity (FI) without hunger, with moderate hunger, and with severe hunger, respectively. There was no association between FI and DDS, even after controlling for confounders. FI with mild hunger was associated with household income (OR = 2.744, 95% CI = 1.100-6.846), while FI with severe hunger was associated with Fars ethnicity (OR = 0.146, 95% CI = 0.051-0.424). CONCLUSIONS Overall, socio-economic status and demographic characteristics were the predictors of FI among older people. The findings can have implication in design and targeting of interventions directed at older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Pourebrahim
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No 46, Hafezi Street, Farahzadi Boulevard, Sharak Ghods, P.O. Box: 1981619573, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasrin Omidvar
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No 46, Hafezi Street, Farahzadi Boulevard, Sharak Ghods, P.O. Box: 1981619573, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Arezoo Rezazadeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No 46, Hafezi Street, Farahzadi Boulevard, Sharak Ghods, P.O. Box: 1981619573, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Eini-Zinab
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No 46, Hafezi Street, Farahzadi Boulevard, Sharak Ghods, P.O. Box: 1981619573, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pedram Shirani
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No 46, Hafezi Street, Farahzadi Boulevard, Sharak Ghods, P.O. Box: 1981619573, Tehran, Iran
| | - Delaram Ghodsi
- Department of Nutrition Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Mohammadi-Nasrabadi F, Ghodsi D, Haghighian-Roudsari A, Esfarjani F, Khoshfetrat MR, Houshialsadat Z, Mohammadi-Nasrabadi M, Fadavi G, Majdzadeh R. Economic Sanctions Affecting Household Food and Nutrition Security and Policies to Cope With Them: A Systematic Review. Int J Health Policy Manag 2023; 12:7362. [PMID: 38618825 PMCID: PMC10590471 DOI: 10.34172/ijhpm.2023.7362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This review was conducted to identify the impact of economic sanctions on household food and nutrition security and policies to cope with them in countries exposed to sanctions. METHODS The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines 2020 were used to identify, select, appraise, and synthesize studies. Electronic databases in addition to Persian ones have been systematically searched for all related documents published until March 2022. Exclusion criteria were: lack of data related to food insecurity in countries subject to sanction and very low quality of the article. The quality of included studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal checklists. The results were presented as qualitative and quantitative syntheses. RESULTS Of 1428 identified studies, 36 publications remained in the review, which belong to Iran (n=8), Cuba (n=8), Russia (n=7), Iraq (n=7), and Haiti (n=6), respectively. Declining gross domestic product (GDP), devaluation of the national currency, and the quality of food, increase in inflation, unemployment, and consumer prices, infant and under 5 years mortality, energy, and protein deficiency, and the poverty rate were reported as sanction consequences. The most important strategies to improve food security were the humanitarian assistance provided by the international community (Haiti), equity and priority for vulnerable groups mainly by expanding the healthcare system (Cuba), adopting a food ration system in the oil-for-food program, and fixing the price of food baskets (Iraq), import substitution and self-sufficiency (Russia), support domestic production, direct and indirect support and compensation packages for vulnerable households (the approach of resistance economy in Iran). CONCLUSION Due to the heterogeneity of studies, meta-analysis was not possible. Since inadequate physical and economic food access caused by sanctions affects especially disadvantaged and vulnerable groups, planning to improve food security and providing support packages for these groups seems necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Mohammadi-Nasrabadi
- Research Department of Food and Nutrition Policy and Planning, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Delaram Ghodsi
- Department of Nutrition Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezoo Haghighian-Roudsari
- Department of Community Nutrition, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Esfarjani
- Research Department of Food and Nutrition Policy and Planning, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Khoshfetrat
- Research Department of Food and Nutrition Policy and Planning, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Houshialsadat
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Maryam Mohammadi-Nasrabadi
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghasem Fadavi
- Food, Halal and Agricultural Products Research Group, Research Center of Food Technology and Agricultural Products, Standard Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
| | - Reza Majdzadeh
- Interdisciplinary Research and Practice Division, School of Health and Social Care, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
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Sá AGA, Pacheco MTB, Moreno YMF, Carciofi BAM. Processing effects on the protein quality and functional properties of cold-pressed pumpkin seed meal. Food Res Int 2023; 169:112876. [PMID: 37254323 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Environmental and food security challenges due to a growing world population may be overcome by using alternative protein sources for the human diet. By-products from edible oil processing industries are potential sources due to their high protein content. Pumpkin seed meals were evaluated regarding proximate composition, in vitro protein digestibility (IVPD), amino acid profile and score, and antinutritional factors. Conventional thermal processing, microwave, and ultrasound treatments impact on samples' nutritional quality were assessed using a central composite experimental design. Raw pumpkin seed meal presented up to 45% protein content and 86% IVPD. Processing increased IVPD up to 96%, with optimized conditions of 87.8 °C, pH8.0, and 37 min, for all processes. Lysine was the only limiting amino acid for raw and processed samples. Phytic acid decreased by 31%, while trypsin inhibitory activity was reduced by 84%. Pumpkin seed by-product is a promising high-quality plant protein source for food formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Gomes Almeida Sá
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | | | - Bruno Augusto Mattar Carciofi
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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Lima GPP, Costa VE, Nunes A, Basílio LSP, Borges CV, Monteiro GC, Minatel IO, Denadai JC, Orsi R, Vianello F, Maraschin M. Biogenic amines and stable isotopes in the quality and authenticity of honeys from Brazil. Food Chem 2023; 427:136702. [PMID: 37393636 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
The identification of biogenic amines and some precursor amino acids and the adulteration through stable isotopes was carried out in 114 honey from different geographic regions in Brazil (states of São Paulo (SP) and Santa Catarina (SC)) as support for evaluating quality control and food safety. Serotonin was detected in all samples, while melatonin was quantified in 92.2% of honey from SP and in 94% of SC. l-Dopa, dopamine and histamine appeared at higher levels in honey from SP. Cadaverine, putrescine, spermidine and spermine, varied little according to botanical source. Three honey from the metropolitan region of SP were considered adulterated (C4SUGARS > 7%), 92 were authentic samples (C4SUGARS - 7 to 7%) and 19 unadulterated (C4SUGARS less than - 7%), with isotopic values of δ13CH and δ13CP > 7%. The data were important for differentiating quality as a function of biogenic amines and stable isotope technique was important in detecting honey adulteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Pace Pereira Lima
- São Paulo State University, Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Vladmir Eliodoro Costa
- São Paulo State University, Stable Isotopes Center, Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline Nunes
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Plant Morphogenesis and Biochemistry Laboratory, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Leticia Silva Pereira Basílio
- São Paulo State University, Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristine Vanz Borges
- Health Sciences, Universidade Alto Vale do Rio do Peixe (UNIARP), Caçador, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Gean Charles Monteiro
- São Paulo State University, Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Igor Otavio Minatel
- São Paulo State University, Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Celia Denadai
- São Paulo State University, Stable Isotopes Center, Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Orsi
- São Paulo State University, Center of Education, Science and Technology in Rational Beekeeping (NECTAR), College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabio Vianello
- University of Padua, Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Marcelo Maraschin
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Plant Morphogenesis and Biochemistry Laboratory, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Yeganeh S, Motamed N, Najafpour Boushehri S, Bagherzadeh R, Ravanipour M. Evaluation of maternal performance about food security in dietary diversity for children aged 12-24 months and its relationship with anthropometric measurements. BMC Pediatr 2023; 23:256. [PMID: 37221484 PMCID: PMC10204253 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04070-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite growing awareness of the problem of food security, some areas of Iran continue to experience food insecurity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate maternal performance about food security in dietary diversity for children aged between 12-24 months and its relationship with anthropometric measurements in Bushehr. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out using 400 mothers of children aged from 12 to 24 months in Bushehr selected via quota sampling. Data were collected using a reliable localized version of a 32-item food frequency questionnaire, consisting of six subscales, with a Cronbach's α: 0.81. The anthropometric measurements of height and weight were also calculated. Data analysis was performed using median, Mean±SD and multinomial logistic regression test, and odds ratio in SPSS, version 18. RESULTS According to standard servings, only 24% of the mothers fed their infants cereals, whereas 54.8%, 36.3%, 39.8%, and 20.3% of the mothers used meat, fruits, vegetables, and dairy products, respectively. The strongest associations were between attendance at educational classes and vegetable consumption (OR=2.09, CI=1.03-4.21), age at the onset of complementary feeding and the consumption of meat (OR=1.30, CI=1.02-1.66) and fruits (OR=1.44, CI=1.03-2.03), and the mothers' level of education and use of dairy products (OR=0.29, CI=0.09-0.90). No evidence of a significant association was found between consumption of any food groups and the anthropometric measurements. CONCLUSIONS Mothers in Bushehr performed poorly in providing their infants with the required nutrition with regard to dietary diversity and amount of food. However, their performance can be improved by enhancing their basic nutrition knowledge, holding practical classes on food preparation for them, and focusing on mothers with infants in high-risk groups, e.g. infants suffering from excessive weight gain, obesity, and malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedigheh Yeganeh
- School of Nursing, Gerash University of Medical Sciences, Gerash, Iran
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Niloofar Motamed
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Saeid Najafpour Boushehri
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health and Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Razieh Bagherzadeh
- Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Bushehr university of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Maryam Ravanipour
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr university of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
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Kibria Z, Khan MN, Aleem S, Haq ZU. Linkages between poverty and food insecurity in Pakistan: Evidence from urban and rural households in Peshawar. Pak J Med Sci 2023; 39:479-484. [PMID: 36950433 PMCID: PMC10025694 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.39.2.7122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To assess household poverty, sanitation and hygiene practices, and food security in both urban and rural settlements of district Peshawar. Methods We conducted this cross-sectional study from March 2019 to October 2019 in the urban and rural households of Peshawar, KPK. Using stratified random sampling, 554 households (HH) having children and young adolescents of age 5-19 years, adult men > 19 - 62 years, and adult women >19 - 62 years were included in this study. Data was collected using comprehensive tool comprised of all validated questionnaires and was analyzed using SPSS Version 24.0. Result Within the urban clusters, the maximum number of households (n=29) were from Gari Baloch and the minimum number of households (n=7) were from Gulberg. In the rural clusters, the maximum number of households surveyed (n=41) were from Lamara, minimum(n=21) was from Chargula. The average age of household heads was 44.5 ±12.5 with mean age slightly higher in urban areas (45.1 ±11.8) compared to 44.0 ±13.2 in rural areas. The mean poverty score was 56.8 (±11.6) with 72.1% non-poor households, and 94.2% households being food secure. Handwashing practices were highly prevalent among all the HH, however, handwashing practices before eating were comparatively lower in all HH (45.2%), lowest (37.8%) among rural households. Conclusion The findings of the study revealed both non-poor and food secure households with satisfactory water, hygiene and sanitation practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeeshan Kibria
- Dr. Zeeshan Kibria, Additional Director ORIC, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naseem Khan
- Dr. Muhammad Naseem Khan, Associate Professor Population Medicine, College of Medicine, Qatar University, Qatar
| | - Saima Aleem
- Dr. Saima Aleem, Senior Research Fellow, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Zia ul Haq
- Dr. Zia ul Haq, Vice Chancellor / Professor of Public Health, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
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Winkler L, Goodell T, Nizamuddin S, Blumenthal S, Atalan-Helicke N. The COVID-19 pandemic and food assistance organizations' responses in New York's Capital District. Agric Human Values 2022; 40:1-15. [PMID: 36530206 PMCID: PMC9734295 DOI: 10.1007/s10460-022-10400-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This research examines the impact of COVID-19 on food security in New York state and the innovative approaches employed by food assistance organizations to help address the changing and increasing demand for their services from March 2020 to May 2021. We examine the case study of New York's Capital District region through a qualitative approach. We find that there was a sharp increase in utilization of emergency services during spring of 2020, which tapered off in the summer and fall of 2020 but remained above the levels of need seen the previous year. Food assistance organizations quickly adapted to the increased demand for their services and changing conditions to reduce gaps in local food distribution chains: They reorganized and tapped into new sources for volunteers, networked with public and private organizations, and coordinated work with other regional food pantries for maximum impact. The flexibility of food assistance organizations to address the disruptions brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic highlights their critical roles in the U.S. food security environment. While organizations are aware of their shortcomings, constraints, and overall role in the American food system, the majority also expressed that the pandemic presented an opportunity to treat a complex problem together and to enact change. Several stakeholders also shared their hope that strengthening their networks and innovations may facilitate post-pandemic recovery, bring about systemic changes to address root causes of food insecurity, and better serve the communities most vulnerable to hunger and service disruptions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sam Blumenthal
- Boston, USA
- Albany, USA
- Long Beach, USA
- Skidmore College Environmental Studies and Sciences Program, 815 North Broadway, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866 USA
- Montana, USA
| | - Nurcan Atalan-Helicke
- Skidmore College Environmental Studies and Sciences Program, 815 North Broadway, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866 USA
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Mavroeidis A, Roussis I, Kakabouki I. The Role of Alternative Crops in an Upcoming Global Food Crisis: A Concise Review. Foods 2022; 11. [PMID: 36429176 DOI: 10.3390/foods11223584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Achieving Food Security (FS) is perhaps our most challenging aspiration. Despite our best efforts, millions of people around the globe are malnourished or live with hunger. The state of the geo-political scene, as well as the COVID-19 pandemic, have recently brought forth fears of a Global Food Crisis (GFC). Here, we present the factors that threaten FS and could trigger a GFC, examine the potential of alternative crops (ACs) as a measure against an upcoming GFC, and highlight the key aspects of the ACs introduction process in new regions. ACs could enhance FS, yet their success is premised on the adoption of sustainable practices and the implementation of food strategies that aim to promote healthy consumer behaviours.
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Ezzeddin N, Eini-Zinab H, Kalantari N, Ahmadi M, Beheshti Z. Fear of COVID-19 Higher among Food-Insecure Households: A Model-Based Study, Mediated by Perceived Stress among Iranian Populations. Iran J Psychiatry 2022; 17:401-410. [PMID: 36817807 PMCID: PMC9922359 DOI: 10.18502/ijps.v17i4.10689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic is a crisis accompanied by multiple psychological consequences (including fear of COVID-19) and threatens the food security status of millions of people. This study aimed to examine the association between fear of COVID-19 and food insecurity, mediated by perceived stress. Method : This cross-sectional study was conducted among 2871 Iranian participants (18-80 years), recruited through the Social Media during the COVID-19 epidemic. The demographic and socio-economic information questionnaire, Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS), COVID-19 fear scale (FCV-19S), Cohen's Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14) and Perceived Social Support Questionnaire (MSPSS) were used in data gathering. Descriptive and analytical analyses were done using SPSS 22.0 and Amos 22.0 was used for structural equation modeling (SES). Results: Food insecurity has significant positive direct and indirect (mediated by perceived stress) correlations with fear of COVID-19 (P < 0.05). It was also shown that perceived social support could negatively relate to fear of COVID-19 through the pathways of food security status or perceived stress (P < 0.05). Among women, the presence of a child under 5 had a significant direct association with fear of COVID-19 (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Food insecurity was associated with more perceived fear of COVID-19 among the studied population. The crisis caused by COVID-19 highlights the need to increase social resilience through developing and implementing appropriate strategies to prevent and mitigate social costs (whether physical, psychological, or nutritional).
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Ezzeddin
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Eini-Zinab
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naser Kalantari
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Corresponding Author: Address: Shahid Farahzadi Boulvard, Shahid Hafezi Street (Western Arghavan), Ghods Town (West), Tehran, Iran, Postal Code: 1981619573. Tel: 98-21 22077424, Fax: 98-21 22360660,
| | - Mohammad Ahmadi
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Beheshti
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Martin NM, Poirier L, Rosenblum AJ, Reznar MM, Gittelsohn J, Barnett DJ. Enhancing Artificial Intelligence for Twitter-based Public Discourse on Food Security During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2022:1-25. [PMID: 35924366 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2022.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Food security during public health emergencies relies on situational awareness of needs and resources. Artificial intelligence (AI) has revolutionized situational awareness during crises, allowing the allocation of resources to needs through machine learning algorithms. Limited research exists monitoring Twitter for changes in the food security-related public discourse during the COVID-19 pandemic. We aim to address that gap with AI by classifying food security topics on Twitter and showing topic frequency per day. METHODS Tweets were scraped from Twitter from January 2020 through December 2021 using food security keywords. Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic modeling was performed, followed by time-series analyses on topic frequency per day. RESULTS 237,107 tweets were scraped and classified into topics, including food needs and resources, emergency preparedness and response, and mental/physical health. After the WHO's pandemic declaration, there were relative increases in topic density per day regarding food pantries, food banks, economic and food security crises, essential services, and emergency preparedness advice. Threats to food security in Tigray emerged in 2021. CONCLUSIONS AI is a powerful yet underused tool to monitor food insecurity on social media. Machine learning tools to improve emergency response should be prioritized, along with measurement of impact. Further food insecurity word patterns testing, as generated by this research, with supervised machine learning models can accelerate the uptake of these tools by policymakers and aid organizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina M Martin
- Assistant Scientist, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of International Health, Human Nutrition Program, Address: 615 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD, 21205, Email :
| | - Lisa Poirier
- Research Associate, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of International Health, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, 21205,
| | - Andrew J Rosenblum
- Law Student, American University Washington College of Law, 4300 Nebraska Ave. NW, WashingtonDC 20016
- Part Time Lecturer, Krieger School of Arts & Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218,
| | - Melissa M Reznar
- Associate Professor, Oakland University School of Health Sciences, 433 Meadow Brook Road Rochester, MI 48309, Phone : 248-364-8668,
| | - Joel Gittelsohn
- Professor, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of International Health, Center for Human Nutrition, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, 21205. Phone: 410-955-3927
| | - Daniel J Barnett
- Associate Professor, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Room E7036, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, Phone: 410-502-0591, Fax: 410-955-0617,
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Mkandawire E, Bisai C, Dyke E, Dressel A, Kantayeni H, Molosoni B, Kako PM, Gondwe KW, Mkandawire-Valhmu L. A qualitative assessment of gender roles in child nutrition in Central Malawi. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1392. [PMID: 35858910 PMCID: PMC9297552 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13749-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Child malnutrition persists globally with men and women playing distinct roles to support children’s nutrition. Women frequently carry the bulk of the workload related to food, care, and health, all of which are critical factors in child nutrition. For this reason, development efforts have emphasised women ignoring the potential role of men in supporting children’s nutrition. This study sought to understand the different roles that Malawian men and women play in children’s nutrition. Methods This qualitative was conducted in rural Central Malawi as part of a baseline study in 2017 for the CARE Southern Africa Nutrition Initiative. Seventy-six participants were interviewed, including 19 men and 57 women, using focus group discussions and in-depth interviews. We sought to understand the gender distribution of men’s and women’s roles and how these roles influence child nutrition. Results We found that both men and women were involved in productive, reproductive, and community work. However, consistent with the literature, women carried a disproportionate workload in supporting child nutrition compared to men. Women’s heavier workloads often prevented them from being able to meet children’s food needs. Nevertheless, shifts in gender roles were observed in some of the sampled communities, with men taking up responsibilities that have been typically associated with women. These changes in gender roles, however, did not necessarily increase women’s power within the household. Conclusions Traditional gender roles remain prevalent in the sampled communities. Women continue to be primarily responsible for the food, care, and health of the household. Women’s heavy workloads prevent them from providing optimal care and nutrition for children. While efforts to advance gender equality by encouraging men to participate in child care and other household responsibilities appear to have had marginal success, the extent to which these efforts have successfully encouraged men to share power remains unclear. Improving gender equality and child nutrition will require efforts to redistribute gendered work and encourage men to move towards shared power with women over household decision-making and control over income.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Mkandawire
- University of Pretoria, Old College House, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - Clement Bisai
- CARE Malawi, Pamodzi House, Off Presidential Drive, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | | | - Anne Dressel
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, College of Nursing, Cunningham Hall, Milwaukee, WI, 53201, USA
| | - Hazel Kantayeni
- CARE Malawi, Pamodzi House, Off Presidential Drive, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Billy Molosoni
- CARE Malawi, Pamodzi House, Off Presidential Drive, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Peninnah M Kako
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, College of Nursing, Cunningham Hall, Milwaukee, WI, 53201, USA
| | - Kaboni W Gondwe
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, College of Nursing, Cunningham Hall, Milwaukee, WI, 53201, USA
| | - Lucy Mkandawire-Valhmu
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, College of Nursing, Cunningham Hall, Milwaukee, WI, 53201, USA
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12
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Khan NA, Gong Z, Shah AA. Synergy between climate risk perception, adaptation responses, and agricultural productivity: the case of rice farming communities in Pakistan. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:23750-23766. [PMID: 34816343 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17615-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The climate variability in Pakistan adversely affects rice crops and undermines the food security and livelihoods of millions of rural households whose survival depends directly on rice farming. This study examines farmers' risk perception, adaptation responses, and adaptation impact on rice productivity. We employed a multi-stage sampling method for selecting 480 farmers from the rice production zone of Punjab province, a region that produces more than 60% of the total rice in the country and faces significant production decline due to climate change. We used the risk matrix method to determine farmers' perception of climate change-induced risk and used the propensity score matching (PSM) technique to analyze the impact of adaptation measures on rice yield and crop returns. Results show that farmers had high perceptions and were concerned about biological and financial risks, followed by biophysical, atmospheric, and social risks. Farmers applied supplementary irrigation, changed rice cultivation dates, changed rice varieties, resized farms, and altered irrigation application times as adaptation measures to cope with changing climate effects. Probit regression analysis showed that the adaptation measures had been largely affected by farmers' socioeconomic attributes and risk perceptions. The PSM estimates showed that all adaptation measures had a positive impact on rice yield and crop return. Specifically, the cultivation of alternative rice varieties, farm resizing, and supplementary irrigation were the most effective strategies, followed by the adjustment in cultivation dates and irrigation time. Having implications beyond Pakistan, this study suggests improving farmers' access to irrigation water, credit, and farm advisory services to facilitate the extent of adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasir Abbas Khan
- Research Center of Risk Management and Emergency Decision-making, School of Management Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China.
| | - Zaiwu Gong
- Research Center of Risk Management and Emergency Decision-making, School of Management Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China.
| | - Ashfaq Ahmad Shah
- Research Center of Risk Management and Emergency Decision-making, School of Management Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
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13
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Adjognon GS, Bloem JR, Sanoh A. The coronavirus pandemic and food security: Evidence from Mali. Food Policy 2021; 101:102050. [PMID: 36570061 PMCID: PMC9758592 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodpol.2021.102050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
This paper documents some of the first estimates of changes in experienced food insecurity associated with the coronavirus pandemic in a low-income country. It combines nationally representative pre-pandemic household survey data with follow-up phone survey data from Mali and examines sub-national variation in the intensity of pandemic-related disruptions between urban and rural areas. Although rural households are more likely to experience food insecurity prior to the pandemic, we find that food insecurity increased more in urban areas than in rural areas. Just three months after the onset of the pandemic, the rural-urban gap in experienced food insecurity completely vanished. These findings highlight that understanding effect heterogeneity is critically important to effectively designing and targeting post-pandemic humanitarian assistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeffrey R Bloem
- United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, MS9999, Beacon Facility, P.O. Box 419205, Kansas City, MO 64141, United States
| | - Aly Sanoh
- Poverty and Equity Global Practice, The World Bank Group, Bamako, Mali
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14
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Wright KE, Lucero JE, Ferguson JK, Granner ML, Devereux PG, Pearson JL, Crosbie E. The influence of cultural food security on cultural identity and well-being: a qualitative comparison between second-generation American and international students in the United States. Ecol Food Nutr 2021; 60:636-662. [PMID: 33632041 DOI: 10.1080/03670244.2021.1875455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the impact of cultural food insecurity on identity and well-being in second-generation American and international university students. Thirty-one semi-structured interviews were conducted from January-April 2020. Audio transcripts were analyzed using continuous and abductive thematic analysis. Students indicated that cultural foodways enhanced their well-being by facilitating their cultural/ethnic identity maintenance, connection, and expression. Conversely, cultural food insecurity diminished student well-being due to reduced cultural anchors, highlighting the importance of cultural food in this population. Universities that reduce cultural foodways barriers may mitigate cultural food insecurity for second-generation American and international university students. (100/100).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrine E Wright
- School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Julie E Lucero
- School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, Nevada, USA.,Latino Research Center, College of Liberal Arts, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | | | - Michelle L Granner
- School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Paul G Devereux
- School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Jennifer L Pearson
- School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, Nevada, USA.,Bloomberg School of Public Health Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Eric Crosbie
- School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, Nevada, USA.,Ozmen Institute for Global Studies University of Nevada Reno Reno, Nevada
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15
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Nouri Saeidlou S, Kiani A, Ayremlou P. Association between Dietary Patterns and Major Depression in Adult Females: A Case-Control Study. J Res Health Sci 2021; 21:e00506. [PMID: 34024764 PMCID: PMC8957692 DOI: 10.34172/jrhs.2021.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Depression is one of the most common mental disorders. This study aimed to determine the association between dietary patterns and major depression in adult females.
Study design: A case-control study.
Methods: This study was conducted on adult females suffering from major depression within the age range from 19 to 65 years. The total participants of this study included 170 cases and 340 controls. Dietary intakes were collected using a 168-item validated semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire. Household food security was measured using a locally adapted Household Food Insecurity Access Scale. Moreover, the depression status of the adult females was assessed through a validated "Beck" questionnaire. Logistic regression was utilized to assess the association between dietary pattern scores and depression.
Results: The mean ±SD ages of the participants were 36.97 ±11.28 and 36.07 ±10.58 years in the case and control groups, respectively (P=0.374), and five major dietary patterns were extracted in this study. The odds ratio (OR) in the last adjusted model was (OR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.46, 0.81); therefore, the "Healthy pattern" was significantly inversely associated with the odds of depression. Adherence to the "Western pattern" significantly increased depression by 29% (OR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.59). Furthermore, the "Traditional pattern" was positively associated with depression (OR: 1.16; 95% CI: 0.94, 1.43). There was no significant association between "Sugar and fast food" and "red meat and oils" dietary pattern and depression.
Conclusions: Healthy dietary pattern reduces the risk of depression in adult females; however, the western and traditional dietary patterns increases this risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakineh Nouri Saeidlou
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Arezou Kiani
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Parvin Ayremlou
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Imam Khomeini Hospital, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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16
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Hejazi J, Emamgholipour S. The Effects of the Re-imposition of US Sanctions on Food Security in Iran. Int J Health Policy Manag 2020. [PMID: 33160296 DOI: 10.34172/ijhpm.2020.207.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Following the re-imposition of US sanctions against Iran in 2018, unprecedented inflation has occurred in Iran's food market that will undoubtedly affect the food security of the Iranian people. The present study aims to determine the effects of the sanctions on food prices and food security of Iranian households. METHODS Interrupted time series (ITS) analysis was applied to assess the effects of sanctions on the average retail price of food products in Iran. Household food security was estimated by calculating the share of household food expenditure. Costs of following a healthy diet based on the food pyramid were estimated. RESULTS The import dependency ratio of Iran's food market was about 25%. After sanctions due to the limitations in international financial exchanges a significant increase in the prices of all food groups occurred in 2018, the year after the re-imposition of sanctions. The highest inflation rate was observed in vegetable, meat, and fruit groups. The percentage of urban and rural households in Iran that were prone to food insecurity increased from 8.84% and 25.17% to 11.2% and 29.2%, respectively, from 2017 to 2019. The annual average cost of a healthy diet for a sample Iranian family of 3.3, based on the current prices, is 341 866 008 IRR (US$2849) which is 3.6 times greater than the average amount Iranian families spent on food last year (94 505 000 IRR or US$788). CONCLUSION After the re-imposition of US sanctions against Iran, food insecurity as a result of economic vulnerability, has increased and due to the current status of food prices and incomes, following a healthy diet has become more difficult for most Iranians. This makes the Iranian population more prone to chronic diseases in the near future and if this trend persists, it places the country in danger of food crisis and political instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalal Hejazi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Sara Emamgholipour
- Department of Management & Health Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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17
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Hejazi J, Emamgholipour S. The Effects of the Re-imposition of US Sanctions on Food Security in Iran. Int J Health Policy Manag 2020; 11:651-657. [PMID: 33160296 PMCID: PMC9309942 DOI: 10.34172/ijhpm.2020.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Following the re-imposition of US sanctions against Iran in 2018, unprecedented inflation has occurred in Iran’s food market that will undoubtedly affect the food security of the Iranian people. The present study aims to determine the effects of the sanctions on food prices and food security of Iranian households.
Methods: Interrupted time series (ITS) analysis was applied to assess the effects of sanctions on the average retail price of food products in Iran. Household food security was estimated by calculating the share of household food expenditure. Costs of following a healthy diet based on the food pyramid were estimated.
Results: The import dependency ratio of Iran’s food market was about 25%. After sanctions due to the limitations in international financial exchanges a significant increase in the prices of all food groups occurred in 2018, the year after the re-imposition of sanctions. The highest inflation rate was observed in vegetable, meat, and fruit groups. The percentage of urban and rural households in Iran that were prone to food insecurity increased from 8.84% and 25.17% to 11.2% and 29.2%, respectively, from 2017 to 2019. The annual average cost of a healthy diet for a sample Iranian family of 3.3, based on the current prices, is 341 866 008 IRR (US$2849) which is 3.6 times greater than the average amount Iranian families spent on food last year (94 505 000 IRR or US$788). Conclusion: After the re-imposition of US sanctions against Iran, food insecurity as a result of economic vulnerability, has increased and due to the current status of food prices and incomes, following a healthy diet has become more difficult for most Iranians. This makes the Iranian population more prone to chronic diseases in the near future and if this trend persists, it places the country in danger of food crisis and political instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalal Hejazi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Sara Emamgholipour
- Department of Management & Health Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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18
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Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to provide a high-level overview of arguments related to "feeding the future." Briefly, this paper opens by exploring the very serious challenge of feeding the world's global population in a way that is sustainable, equitable, nutritious and economically efficient. Part two of this paper presents some of the technological innovations that are proposed as partial solutions to the global food security challenge. The final part of this paper reflects on three specific sociopolitical considerations that must be considered in order to ensure that technological innovation addresses the global food security challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan D G Fraser
- Arrell food Institute and Department of Geography, Environment and Geometrics, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
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19
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Faramarzi E, Somi M, Ostadrahimi A, Dastgiri S, Ghayour Nahand M, Asgari Jafarabadi M, Sanaie S. Association between food insecurity and metabolic syndrome in North West of Iran: Azar Cohort study. J Cardiovasc Thorac Res 2019; 11:196-202. [PMID: 31579459 PMCID: PMC6759622 DOI: 10.15171/jcvtr.2019.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Nowadays, prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is increasing in the world. There are inconsistence findings about the relationship between food insecurity and MetS. Therefore, the aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the association between food insecurity and MetS in North West of Iran.
Methods: The anthropometric measurements, food insecurity, dietary intake, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose (FBS), serum triglyceride and HDL levels of 151 subjects who had participated in Azar cohort study were evaluated. Food security was assessed by Household Food Security Scale (HFIAS) (six-item short questionnaire) and dietary intake (using 24- hour recall questionnaire) of participants. MetS was defined according to National Cholesterol Education Program’s Adult Treatment Panel III report (ATPIII ) criteria.
Results: On the basis of HFIAS and energy, 7.3% and 11.9% of participants were food insecure and hunger, respectively. We observed no significant differences in mean body weight, BMI, waist circumference and FBS between food insecure and secure groups. Moreover, obesity (41.7% vs 30.2%) and MetS (45.5% vs 30%) were more prevalent in the food insecure group but the differences were not significant.
Conclusion: The most percent of participants in food insecure were obese and had MetS. However, we could not find significant differences between food insecure and food secure groups. Therefore, for achieving more clear results, further studies with large sample size are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Faramarzi
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences,Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammadhossein Somi
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences,Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Ostadrahimi
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saaed Dastgiri
- Social Determinants of Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Asgari Jafarabadi
- Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sarvin Sanaie
- Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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20
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Njisane YZ, Mukumbo FE, Muchenje V. An outlook on livestock welfare conditions in African communities - A review. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2019; 33:867-878. [PMID: 31480203 PMCID: PMC7206380 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.19.0282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A significant proportion of the African continent is conducive for animal agricultural production, due to its historical experience and available resources to accommodate and nurture various indigenous and exotic animal species and breeds. With food security being a global challenge, animal products can play an important role as nutrient dense food sources in human diets, particularly in Africa. However, this does not seem to reach its full potential in practice, due to numerous reasons that have not been adequately addressed. Animal welfare reservations can be highlighted as one of the major contributing factors to the curbed progress. The consequences have been scientifically proven to affect product quality and market access. However, in the African community, the concept of animal welfare has not been fully embraced. While there are international animal welfare standards in the developed world, there are inherent factors that hinder adoption of such initiatives in most developing regions, particularly among communal farmers. These include cultural norms and practices, social ranking, socio-economic status, available resources, information dissemination and monitoring tools. Therefore, there is need to harmonize what is internationally required and what is feasible to accommodate global variability. The protocols followed to ensure and evaluate farm animal welfare require regular investigation, innovation and a sustainable approach to enhance animal productivity, efficiency and product quality. Additionally, investing in animal wellbeing and health, as well as empowering communities with significant knowledge, has a potential to improve African livelihoods and contribute to food security. This review seeks to highlight the concept of animal welfare in relation to livestock and food production in African conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonela Zifikile Njisane
- Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, P. Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa.,Risk and Vulnerability Research Centre, University of Fort Hare, P. Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa
| | - Felicitas Esnart Mukumbo
- Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, P. Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa
| | - Voster Muchenje
- Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, P. Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa
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21
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Fernie AR, Yan J. De Novo Domestication: An Alternative Route toward New Crops for the Future. Mol Plant 2019; 12:615-631. [PMID: 30999078 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2019.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Current global agricultural production must feed over 7 billion people. However, productivity varies greatly across the globe and is under threat from both increased competitions for land and climate change and associated environmental deterioration. Moreover, the increase in human population size and dietary changes are putting an ever greater burden on agriculture. The majority of this burden is met by the cultivation of a very small number of species, largely in locations that differ from their origin of domestication. Recent technological advances have raised the possibility of de novo domestication of wild plants as a viable solution for designing ideal crops while maintaining food security and a more sustainable low-input agriculture. Here we discuss how the discovery of multiple key domestication genes alongside the development of technologies for accurate manipulation of several target genes simultaneously renders de novo domestication a route toward crops for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisdair R Fernie
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
| | - Jianbing Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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22
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Khakpour M, Iqbal R, GhulamHussain N, Engler-Stringer R, Koc M, Garcea J, Farag M, Henry C, Vatanparast H. Facilitators and Barriers toward Food Security of Afghan Refugees Residing in Karachi, Pakistan. Ecol Food Nutr 2019; 58:317-334. [PMID: 30991835 DOI: 10.1080/03670244.2019.1598982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The present study comparatively assesses how Afghan refugees in Pakistan understand both the factors and barriers affecting their food security status before and after refuge. Through qualitative in-depth interviews with 25 Afghan refugee families, we assess how quality of life, together with perceptions of a balanced meal, food environments both pre- and post-migration and push and pull factors of migration, impact food security and food choices for refugee families. Furthermore, our results reveal that regardless of the length of protracted status for Afghan refugees, food insecurity remains as a consistent condition for refugee families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahasti Khakpour
- a Department of Nutrition, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , SK , Canada
| | - Romaina Iqbal
- b Department of Community Health Sciences , Aga Khan University , Karachi , Pakistan
| | - Naveera GhulamHussain
- c Department of Community Health Science , Agha Khan University , Karachi , Pakistan
| | - Rachel Engler-Stringer
- d Community Health and Epidemiology , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , SK , Canada
| | - Mustafa Koc
- e Department of Sociology , Ryerson University , Toronto , ON , Canada
| | - Joseph Garcea
- f Political Studies , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , SK , Canada
| | - Marwa Farag
- g School of Public Health , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , SK , Canada
| | - Carol Henry
- a Department of Nutrition, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , SK , Canada
| | - Hassan Vatanparast
- h College of Pharmacy and Nutrition , University of Saskatchewan , SK , Canada
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23
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Uz SS, Ruane AC, Duncan BN, Tucker CJ, Huffman GJ, Mladenova IE, Osmanoglu B, Holmes TR, McNally A, Peters-Lidard C, Bolten JD, Das N, Rodell M, McCartney S, Anderson MC, Doorn B. Earth observations and integrative models in support of food and water security. Remote Sens Earth Syst Sci 2019; 2:18-38. [PMID: 33005873 PMCID: PMC7526267 DOI: 10.1007/s41976-019-0008-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Global food production depends upon many factors that Earth observing satellites routinely measure about water, energy, weather, and ecosystems. Increasingly sophisticated, publicly-available satellite data products can improve efficiencies in resource management and provide earlier indication of environmental disruption. Satellite remote sensing provides a consistent, long-term record that can be used effectively to detect large-scale features over time, such as a developing drought. Accuracy and capabilities have increased along with the range of Earth observations and derived products that can support food security decisions with actionable information. This paper highlights major capabilities facilitated by satellite observations and physical models that have been developed and validated using remotely-sensed observations. Although we primarily focus on variables relevant to agriculture, we also include a brief description of the growing use of Earth observations in support of aquaculture and fisheries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alex C. Ruane
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, Climate Impacts Group, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | - Iliana E. Mladenova
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
- Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Amy McNally
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
- Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Narendra Das
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | | | - Sean McCartney
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, MD, USA
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24
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Ezzeddin N, Jahanihashemi H, Zavoshy R, Noroozi M. The Prevalence of Postpartum Depression and Its Association with Food Insecurity among Mothers Referring to Community Health Centers. Iran J Psychiatry 2018; 13:280-287. [PMID: 30627202 PMCID: PMC6320385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Postpartum depression (PPD) is a condition which may compromise both maternal and neonatal health. The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of PPD and its association with demographic, socioeconomic, obstetric, and household food security status. Method : This cross sectional study was conducted in community health centers in west of Tehran. A total of 325 women were selected by stratified sampling method from community health centers. A sociodemographic questionnaire, USDA 18-item questionnaire, and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) questionnaire were used for data collection. Data were analyzed using both descriptive and analytic analyses, such as chi-squared test and logistic regression in SPSS 22. Results: The prevalence of PPD and food insecurity among the studied population was 35.4% and 34.2%, respectively. The results of this study revealed a significant association among PPD and food insecurity (OR = 6.690, CI = 3.118-14.353, p<0.001), the levels of economic satisfaction (OR = 3.419, CI = 1.241-9.420, P = 0.017), pregnancy loss (OR = 1.899, CI = 1.006-3.582, p = 0.048), and pregnancy complications (OR = 1.853, CI = 1.083-3.170, P = 0.024). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, household food insecurity may predispose mothers to PPD. Moreover, it was observed that mothers with poor economic satisfaction were more likely to be depressed. Histories of pregnancy loss and pregnancy complications were other risk factors for PPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Ezzeddin
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Jahanihashemi
- Children Growth Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Roza Zavoshy
- Department of Nutrition, Children Growth Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Mostafa Noroozi
- Children Growth Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
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Landry MJ, Khazaee E, Markowitz AK, Vandyousefi S, Ghaddar R, Pilles K, Asigbee FM, Gatto NM, Davis JN. Impact of food security on glycemic control among low-income primarily Hispanic/Latino children in Los Angeles, California: A cross-sectional study. J Hunger Environ Nutr 2018; 14:709-724. [PMID: 31749895 DOI: 10.1080/19320248.2018.1491367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Studies examining the impact of food insecurity on metabolic markers are limited, specifically in Hispanic youth. This study was a cross-sectional analysis of 218 3rd-5th grade students (83% Hispanic and 49% male). Anthropometrics, blood glucose, insulin, and lipids via fasting blood draw, dietary intake via Block screener, and a 5-item food security scale were collected. HOMA-Insulin Resistance was calculated. Multivariate analyses of covariance were used to examine differences in glucose and insulin indices, adiposity, metabolic and dietary intake variables between categories of food security. Food secure children had greater glycemic control and decreased insulin resistance compared to food insecure children.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Landry
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - E Khazaee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - A K Markowitz
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - S Vandyousefi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - R Ghaddar
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - K Pilles
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - F M Asigbee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - N M Gatto
- School of Community and Global Health, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA
| | - J N Davis
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
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Campanaro A, Tommasi N, Guzzetti L, Galimberti A, Bruni I, Labra M. DNA barcoding to promote social awareness and identity of neglected, underutilized plant species having valuable nutritional properties. Food Res Int 2018; 115:1-9. [PMID: 30599919 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
It is estimated that about 7000 plant species and a large number of cultivars and varieties have been cultivated for consumption in human history. However, <0.5% of these currently provide the majority of human food energy needs worldwide (e.g., rice, wheat, maize, and potato). Global issues such as climate change, diffusion of pests, and resistance to agrochemical treatments are posing great concern about the sustainable cultivation of these major staples, especially in equatorial and tropical countries, such as Sub Saharan Africa. In addition, most of these regions contain malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies, and the sum of such problems create serious implications at social, political, and economic levels. A possible solution relies on the exploitation of plant biodiversity and particularly on the so-called NUS (Neglected and Underutilized Species). These plants are traditionally grown in their centres of origin and continue to be maintained by sociocultural preferences, however they remain inadequately documented and neglected by formal research and conservation programs. Although they are important in terms of micronutrients and the ability to grow in harsh conditions, these species are falling into disuse due to agronomic, genetic, economic, and cultural reasons. To promote and spread their cultivation at the global scale, along with knowledge on their suitability for human nutrition, reliable identification systems are necessary to guarantee adequate authenticity along the entire supply chain and distribution network. A precise identification of the different species and their varieties is fundamental both to retrieve information on their origin and authenticate the raw materials (i.e., seeds, leaves and fruit) and related processed products that can be distributed at the local or global scale. DNA-based techniques can help achieve this mission. In particular, the DNA barcoding approach has gained a role of primary importance due to its universality and versatility. Here, we discuss the advantages in using DNA barcoding for the identification of some of the most representative NUS species, as well as their traceability and conservation of cultural practices around them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ausilia Campanaro
- ZooPlantLab, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, P.za Della Scienza 2, I-20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Tommasi
- ZooPlantLab, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, P.za Della Scienza 2, I-20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Guzzetti
- ZooPlantLab, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, P.za Della Scienza 2, I-20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Galimberti
- ZooPlantLab, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, P.za Della Scienza 2, I-20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Bruni
- ZooPlantLab, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, P.za Della Scienza 2, I-20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Labra
- ZooPlantLab, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, P.za Della Scienza 2, I-20126 Milan, Italy.
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Ketema K, Tsegay G, Gedle D, Davey G, Deribe K. Food Insecurity among Households with and without Podoconiosis in East and West Gojjam, Ethiopia. EC Nutr 2018; 13:414-423. [PMID: 30101228 PMCID: PMC6086333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Household food insecurity remained one of the most crucial challenges to economic development and has been aggravated by household health conditions. Nearly one billion people are undernourished of which 98% in developing countries like Ethiopia. OBJECTIVE To assess households' food insecurity among podoconiosis patients and non-podoconiosis in East and West Gojjam Zone, Ethiopia, 2016. METHOD A community based comparative cross sectional study was conducted in East and West Gojjam, 2016. Multi-stage sampling technique was employed to select 208 podoconiosis and 400 non-podoconiosis household heads. Data was collected by using structured and pretested questionnaires. The collected data was cleaned, coded and entered into Epi data then exported to SPSS version 22. Descriptive and inferential statistics was performed. Both bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses was employed. The association was measured by adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 95%CI (confidence interval) and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULT A total of 608 study participants were involved in this study. Food insecurity podoconiosis patients and non-podoconiosis household was 83.7%, 53% respectively (p = 0.0001). Podoconiosis and non- podoconiosis whose heads could not read and write AOR = 5.84, (95% CI: 2.14, 15.95) and AOR = 1.70, (95% CI: 1.06, 2.72) were food insecure respectively. Podoconiosis patients without off farm activities AOR = 4.90, (95% CI: 1.60, 14.95), not using fertilizer AOR = 4.38, (95% CI: 1.15, 16.67) and living at > 5 kilo meter distance from market AOR = 4.47, (95% CI: 1.38, 14.48) were food insecure. Non-podoconiosis heads with no perennial plant AOR = 2.11, (95% CI: 1.17, 3.34), not using improved seeds AOR = 2.20, (95% CI: 1.25, 3.87), no access to asset building program AOR = 2.07, (95% CI: 1.27, 3.34), living in medium and low altitude AOR = 8.87, (95% CI: 1.81, 43.40) and AOR = 10.04, (95% CI: 1.90, 52.93) were food insecure. CONCLUSION Food insecurity was higher among podoconiosis than non-podoconiosis households. Being a female, unable to read and write absence of off farm activities, not using of fertilizers and living in more distance from market were significantly associated with food insecurity among podoconiosis patients. Special emphasis should be given for improvement of food security of podoconiosis and non-podoconiosis households.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kassahun Ketema
- Department of Human Nutrition, Debra Markos University, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Girmay Tsegay
- Department of Public Health, Debre Markos University, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Dereje Gedle
- Department of Public Health, Debre Markos University, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Gail Davey
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, United Kingdom
| | - Kebede Deribe
- Medical School Teaching Building, BSMS, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
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Tiwari S, Daidone S, Ruvalcaba MA, Prifti E, Handa S, Davis B, Niang O, Pellerano L, Van Ufford PQ, Seidenfeld D. Impact of Cash Transfer programs on Food Security and Nutrition in sub-Saharan Africa: A Cross-Country Analysis. Glob Food Sec 2016; 11:72-83. [PMID: 31396473 DOI: 10.1016/j.gfs.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This paper explores the extent to which government-run cash transfer programs in four sub-Saharan countries affect food security and nutritional outcomes. These programs include Ghana's Livelihood Empowerment Against Poverty, Kenya's Cash Transfer for Orphans and Vulnerable Children, Lesotho's Child Grants Program and Zambia's Child Grant model of the Social Cash Transfer program. Our cross-country analysis highlights the importance of robust program design and implementation to achieve the intended results. We find that a relatively generous and regular and predictable transfer increases the quantity and quality of food and reduces the prevalence of food insecurity. On the other hand, a smaller, lumpy and irregular transfer does not lead to impacts on food expenditures. We complement binary treatment analysis with continuous treatment analysis to understand not only the impact of being in the program but also the variability in impacts by the extent of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Luca Pellerano
- International Labour Organization (ILO) Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
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Shanks CB, Harden S. A Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance Evaluation of Weekend Backpack Food Assistance Programs. Am J Health Promot 2016; 30:511-20. [PMID: 26305607 DOI: 10.4278/ajhp.140116-qual-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate an ongoing statewide weekend backpack program through the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework. DESIGN Mixed-methods inquiry was used to explore the reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance of backpack programs within Montana. SETTING Study participants completed audio-recorded one-on-one phone interviews. PARTICIPANTS Key informants (e.g., managers at food banks, staff at participating schools, policy makers) were purposively sampled (N = 20). METHOD Semistructured interviews were conducted to gather data to describe each RE-AIM dimension. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and deductively (i.e., using RE-AIM as themes) coded for meaning units, placed into higher-order categories, and summarized in narrative. Supporting quantitative data (e.g., the proportion of eligible students that joined the program, rate of school-level adoption) were calculated using descriptive statistics. RESULTS Backpack programs with a broad reach and evidenced effect may be appealing to adopt. Weekend food bags cost an average $3.87 (SD ± .94) and there were some positive (i.e., ease, protecting participants' privacy) and very few negative (logistical) components of implementation. Collaborators and community partners are necessary for long-term sustainability. CONCLUSION Backpack programs are widespread and have potential to relieve weekend hunger; however, more efforts need to be made to end childhood hunger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Byker Shanks
- Food and Health Lab in the Department of Health and Human Development, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana
| | - Samantha Harden
- Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise Department, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
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Sharpe PA, Whitaker K, Alia KA, Wilcox S, Hutto B. Dietary Intake, Behaviors and Psychosocial Factors Among Women from Food-Secure and Food-Insecure Households in the United States. Ethn Dis 2016; 26:139-46. [PMID: 27103763 DOI: 10.18865/ed.26.2.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Determine whether macro- and micro-nutrient intake, energy intake, diet quality, adherence to recommended dietary intake, and psychosocial and behavioral factors are associated with household food security. DESIGN Baseline data from in-person interviews and telephone-based, 24-hour dietary recall from women recruited to a diet and physical activity controlled trial. SETTING Neighborhoods encompassing 18 urban census tracts in South Carolina. PARTICIPANTS Participants (n=202) were predominantly African American (87%), overweight or obese women aged 25 to 51 years with mean body mass index of 40.6±8.7. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Macro- and micro-nutrient intake, energy intake, diet quality, adherence to recommended dietary intake (via multi-pass, 24-h recall); diet-related self-efficacy and social support, healthy/lowfat and emotional eating behaviors, and depressive symptoms. RESULTS Women in food-secure (FS) and food insecure (FI) households were not different on health and sociodemographic characteristics. Women in FI households had lower self-efficacy and healthy/low-fat eating behaviors, and higher emotional eating and depressive symptoms compared with women in FS households. The groups did not differ on social support. Significant dietary differences were few (FS>FI on protein and lean meat; FS<FI on carbohydrate intake). For 29 of 35 (74%) dietary intake recommendations, less than 75% of women in both groups met each recommendation. CONCLUSIONS While food security status was associated with diet-related psychosocial and behavioral factors, it was associated with few aspects of dietary intake. Dietary intake overall was poor. Participants were not meeting guidelines for a diet supportive of general health or weight loss and management, regardless of food security status.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kara Whitaker
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Kassandra A Alia
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Sara Wilcox
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC; Prevention Research Center, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Brent Hutto
- Prevention Research Center, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
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Devendra C. Rainfed areas and animal agriculture in Asia: the wanting agenda for transforming productivity growth and rural poverty. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2014; 25:122-42. [PMID: 25049487 PMCID: PMC4092921 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2011.r.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The importance of rainfed areas and animal agriculture on productivity enhancement and food security for economic rural growth in Asia is discussed in the context of opportunities for increasing potential contribution from them. The extent of the rainfed area of about 223 million hectares and the biophysical attributes are described. They have been variously referred to inter alia as fragile, marginal, dry, waste, problem, threatened, range, less favoured, low potential lands, forests and woodlands, including lowlands and uplands. Of these, the terms less favoured areas (LFAs), and low or high potential are quite widely used. The LFAs are characterised by four key features: i) very variable biophysical elements, notably poor soil quality, rainfall, length of growing season and dry periods, ii) extreme poverty and very poor people who continuously face hunger and vulnerability, iii) presence of large populations of ruminant animals (buffaloes, cattle, goats and sheep), and iv) have had minimum development attention and an unfinished wanting agenda. The rainfed humid/sub-humid areas found mainly in South East Asia (99 million ha), and arid/semi-arid tropical systems found in South Asia (116 million ha) are priority agro-ecological zones (AEZs). In India for example, the ecosystem occupies 68% of the total cultivated area and supports 40% of the human and 65% of the livestock populations. The area also produces 4% of food requirements. The biophysical and typical household characteristics, agricultural diversification, patterns of mixed farming and cropping systems are also described. Concerning animals, their role and economic importance, relevance of ownership, nomadic movements, and more importantly their potential value as the entry point for the development of LFAs is discussed. Two examples of demonstrated success concern increasing buffalo production for milk and their expanded use in semi-arid AEZs in India, and the integration of cattle and goats with oil palm in Malaysia. Revitalised development of the LFAs is justified by the demand for agricultural land to meet human needs e.g. housing, recreation and industrialisation; use of arable land to expand crop production to ceiling levels; increasing and very high animal densities; increased urbanisation and pressure on the use of available land; growing environmental concerns of very intensive crop production e.g. acidification and salinisation with rice cultivation; and human health risks due to expanding peri-urban poultry and pig production. The strategies for promoting productivity growth will require concerted R and D on improved use of LFAs, application of systems perspectives for technology delivery, increased investments, a policy framework and improved farmer-researcher-extension linkages. These challenges and their resolution in rainfed areas can forcefully impact on increased productivity, improved livelihoods and human welfare, and environmental sustainability in the future.
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Abstract
The elements that determine the success of development projects on goats and the prerequisites for ensuring this are discussed in the context of the bewildering diversity of goat genetic resources, production systems, multifunctionality, and opportunities for responding to constraints for productivity enhancement. Key determinants for the success of pro-poor projects are the imperatives of realistic project design, resolution of priorities and positive impacts to increase investments and spur agricultural growth, and appropriate policy. Throughout the developing world, there exist 97% of the total world population of 921 million goats across all agro-ecological zones (AEZs), including 570 breeds and 64% share of the breeds. They occupy a very important biological and socio-economic niche in farming systems making significant multifunctional contributions especially to food, nutrition and financial security, stability of farm households, and survival of the poor in the rural areas. Definitions are given of successful and failed projects. The analyses highlighted in successful projects the value of strong participatory efforts with farmers and climate change. Climate change effects on goats are inevitable and are mediated through heat stress, type of AEZ, water availability, quantity and quality of the available feed resources and type of production system. Within the prevailing production systems, improved integrated tree crops - ruminant systems are underestimated and are an important pathway to enhance C sequestration. Key development strategies and opportunities for research and development (R and D) are enormous, and include inter alia defining a policy framework, resolution of priority constraints using systems perspectives and community-based participatory activities, application of yield-enhancing technologies, intensification, scaling up, and impacts. The priority for development concerns the rainfed areas with large concentrations of ruminants in which goats, with a capacity to cope with heat tolerance, can be the entry point for development. Networks and networking are very important for the diffusion of information and can add value to R and D. Well formulated projects with clear priority setting and participatory R and D ensure success and the realisation of food security, improved livelihoods and self-reliance in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Devendra
- Consulting Tropical Animal Production Systems Specialist, 130A Jalan Awan Jawa, 58200 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Abstract
Sub-Saharan Africa is often portrayed as a region of chronic hunger, conflict, and poverty. The country of Burkina Faso is a bright spot on the continent where government agencies, NGOs, and development organizations have progressively improved food security to the point where citizens often state, "famines of the past could never happen again." This study evaluates such claims by looking at food security trends over the last 18 years using ethnographic participatory fieldwork and grain price data. Community members have invested in numerous soil and water conservation (SWC) measures that buffer their crops from droughts and agro-climatic variability. There is also a national famine early warning system in place and improved infrastructure that helps the government and NGOs efficiently provide food assistance in times of need. Thus, fewer households are affected when droughts occur due to these adaptations and food insecurity is not as severe or widespread as in the past. Local grain prices are, however, rising and becoming more closely linked to world food markets. Just as most households are becoming more food secure, those who are dependent on grain purchases are becoming more food insecure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Thor West
- University of North Carolina, Department of Anthropology, CB #3115, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3115
| | - Aimé Somé
- University of North Carolina, Department of Anthropology, CB #3115, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3115
| | - Elisabeth Kago Nebié
- University of North Carolina, Department of Anthropology, CB #3115, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3115
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