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Beck HE, Westra S, Tan J, Pappenberger F, Huffman GJ, McVicar TR, Gründemann GJ, Vergopolan N, Fowler HJ, Lewis E, Verbist K, Wood EF. PPDIST, global 0.1° daily and 3-hourly precipitation probability distribution climatologies for 1979-2018. Sci Data 2020; 7:302. [PMID: 32917890 PMCID: PMC7486373 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-020-00631-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We introduce the Precipitation Probability DISTribution (PPDIST) dataset, a collection of global high-resolution (0.1°) observation-based climatologies (1979-2018) of the occurrence and peak intensity of precipitation (P) at daily and 3-hourly time-scales. The climatologies were produced using neural networks trained with daily P observations from 93,138 gauges and hourly P observations (resampled to 3-hourly) from 11,881 gauges worldwide. Mean validation coefficient of determination (R2) values ranged from 0.76 to 0.80 for the daily P occurrence indices, and from 0.44 to 0.84 for the daily peak P intensity indices. The neural networks performed significantly better than current state-of-the-art reanalysis (ERA5) and satellite (IMERG) products for all P indices. Using a 0.1 mm 3 h-1 threshold, P was estimated to occur 12.2%, 7.4%, and 14.3% of the time, on average, over the global, land, and ocean domains, respectively. The highest P intensities were found over parts of Central America, India, and Southeast Asia, along the western equatorial coast of Africa, and in the intertropical convergence zone. The PPDIST dataset is available via www.gloh2o.org/ppdist .
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Affiliation(s)
- Hylke E Beck
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA.
| | - Seth Westra
- School of Civil, Environmental and Mining Engineering, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jackson Tan
- Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, Maryland, USA
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
| | - Florian Pappenberger
- Forecast Department, European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), Reading, UK
| | - George J Huffman
- Mesoscale Atmospheric Processes Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
| | - Tim R McVicar
- CSIRO Land and Water, Black Mountain, Canberra, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes, Canberra, Australia
| | - Gaby J Gründemann
- Delft University of Technology, Water Management, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Noemi Vergopolan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Hayley J Fowler
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, New castle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Elizabeth Lewis
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, New castle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Koen Verbist
- UNESCO International Hydrological Programme, 7, Place de Fontenoy, 75352, Paris, France
| | - Eric F Wood
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
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Uz SS, Ruane AC, Duncan BN, Tucker CJ, Huffman GJ, Mladenova IE, Osmanoglu B, Holmes TR, McNally A, Peters-Lidard C, Bolten JD, Das N, Rodell M, McCartney S, Anderson MC, Doorn B. Earth observations and integrative models in support of food and water security. Remote Sens Earth Syst Sci 2019; 2:18-38. [PMID: 33005873 PMCID: PMC7526267 DOI: 10.1007/s41976-019-0008-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Global food production depends upon many factors that Earth observing satellites routinely measure about water, energy, weather, and ecosystems. Increasingly sophisticated, publicly-available satellite data products can improve efficiencies in resource management and provide earlier indication of environmental disruption. Satellite remote sensing provides a consistent, long-term record that can be used effectively to detect large-scale features over time, such as a developing drought. Accuracy and capabilities have increased along with the range of Earth observations and derived products that can support food security decisions with actionable information. This paper highlights major capabilities facilitated by satellite observations and physical models that have been developed and validated using remotely-sensed observations. Although we primarily focus on variables relevant to agriculture, we also include a brief description of the growing use of Earth observations in support of aquaculture and fisheries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alex C. Ruane
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, Climate Impacts Group, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | - Iliana E. Mladenova
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
- Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Amy McNally
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
- Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Narendra Das
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | | | - Sean McCartney
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, MD, USA
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Behrangi A, Gardner A, Reager JT, Fisher JB, Yang D, Huffman GJ, Adler RF. Using GRACE to estimate snowfall accumulation and assess gauge undercatch corrections in high latitudes. J Clim 2018; 31:8689-8704. [PMID: 32020987 PMCID: PMC6999696 DOI: 10.1175/jcli-d-18-0163.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ten years of terrestrial water storage anomalies from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) were used to estimate high latitude snowfall accumulation using a mass balance approach. The estimates were used to assess two common gauge-undercatch correction factors (CFs): Legates climatology (CF-L) utilized in the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP), and Fuchs dynamic correction model (CF-F) used in the Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC) Monitoring product. The two CFs can be different by more than 50%. CF-L tended to exceed CF-F over northern Asia and Eurasia, while the opposite was observed over North America. Estimates of snowfall from GPCP, GPCC-L (GPCC corrected by CF-L), and GPCC-F (GPCC corrected by CF-F) were 62%, 64%, and 46% more than GPCC over northern Asia and Eurasia. GRACE-based estimate (49% more than GPCC) was the closest to GPCC-F. We found that as near surface air temperature decreases, the products increasingly underestimated the GRACE-based snowfall accumulation. Overall, GRACE showed that CFs are effective in improving GPCC estimates. Furthermore, our case studies and overall statistics suggest that CF-F is likely more effective than CF-L in most of the high latitude regions studied here. GPCP showed generally better skill than GPCC-L, which might be related to the use of satellite data or additional quality controls on gauge inputs to GPCP. This study suggests that GPCP can be improved if it employs CF-L instead of CF-F to correct for gauge undercatch. However, this implementation requires further studies, region-specific analysis, and operational considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Behrangi
- University of Arizona, Department of hydrology and atmospheric sciences, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Alex Gardner
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - John T. Reager
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Joshua B. Fisher
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Daqing Yang
- National Hydrology Research Center, Environment Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | | | - Robert F. Adler
- Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
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Abstract
This paper improves upon an existing extreme precipitation monitoring system based on the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) daily product (3B42) using new statistical models. The proposed system utilizes a regional modeling approach, where data from similar locations are pooled to increase the quality of the resulting model parameter estimates to compensate for the short data record. The regional analysis is divided into two stages. First, the region defined by the TRMM measurements is partitioned into approximately 28,000 non-overlapping clusters using a recursive k-means clustering scheme. Next, a statistical model is used to characterize the extreme precipitation events occurring in each cluster. Instead of applying the block-maxima approach used in the existing system, where the Generalized Extreme Value probability distribution is fit to the annual precipitation maxima at each site separately, the present work adopts the peak-over-threshold method of classifying points as extreme if they exceed a pre-specified threshold. Theoretical considerations motivate using the Point Process framework for modeling extremes. The fitted parameters are used to estimate trends and to construct simple and intuitive average recurrence interval (ARI) maps which reveal how rare a particular precipitation event is. This information could be used by policy makers for disaster monitoring and prevention. The new methodology eliminates much of the noise that was produced by the existing models due to a short data record, producing more reasonable ARI maps when compared with NOAA's long-term Climate Prediction Center ground-based observations. Furthermore, the proposed methodology can be applied to other extreme climate records.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levon Demirdjian
- Corresponding author address: Department of Statistics, University of California Los Angeles, 405 Hilgard Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095.
| | - Yaping Zhou
- Goddard Earth Sciences Technology and Research, Morgan State University, Baltimore
- Earth Sciences Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland
| | - George J. Huffman
- Earth Sciences Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland
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Dezfuli AK, Ichoku CM, Huffman GJ, Mohr KI, Selker JS, van de Giesen N, Hochreutener R, Annor FO. Validation of IMERG precipitation in Africa. J Hydrometeorol 2017; 18:2817-2825. [PMID: 32661459 PMCID: PMC7356795 DOI: 10.1175/jhm-d-17-0139.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding of hydroclimatic processes in Africa has been hindered by the lack of in-situ precipitation measurements. Satellite-based observations, in particular, the TRMM Multi-Satellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) have been pivotal to filling this void. The recently-released Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for GPM (IMERG) project aims to continue the legacy of its predecessor, TMPA, and provide higher resolution data. Here, we validate IMERG-V04A precipitation data using in-situ observations from the Trans-African Hydro-Meteorological Observatory (TAHMO) project. Various evaluation measures are examined over a select number of stations in West and East Africa. In addition, continent-wide comparisons are made between IMERG and TMPA. The results show that the performance of the satellite-based products varies by season, region and the evaluation statistics. Precipitation diurnal cycle is relatively better captured by IMERG than TMPA. Both products exhibit a better agreement with gauge data in East Africa and humid West Africa than in the Southern Sahel. However, a clear advantage for IMERG is not apparent in detecting the annual cycle. Although all gridded products used here reasonably capture the annual cycle, some differences are evident during the short rains in East Africa. Direct comparison between IMERG and TMPA over the entire continent reveals that the similarity between the two products is also regionally heterogeneous. Except for Zimbabwe and Madagascar, where both satellite-based observations present a good agreement, the two products generally have their largest differences over mountainous regions. IMERG seems to have achieved a reduction in the positive bias evident in TMPA over Lake Victoria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin K. Dezfuli
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
- Universities Space Research Association
| | | | | | | | - John S. Selker
- Biological and Ecological Engineering, Oregon State University
| | - Nick van de Giesen
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology
| | | | - Frank O. Annor
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology
- Civil Engineering Department, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology
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Skofronick-Jackson G, Petersen WA, Berg W, Kidd C, Stocker EF, Kirschbaum DB, Kakar R, Braun SA, Huffman GJ, Iguchi T, Kirstetter PE, Kummerow C, Meneghini R, Oki R, Olson WS, Takayabu YN, Furukawa K, Wilheit T. THE GLOBAL PRECIPITATION MEASUREMENT (GPM) MISSION FOR SCIENCE AND SOCIETY. Bull Am Meteorol Soc 2017; 98:1679-1695. [PMID: 31359880 PMCID: PMC6662228 DOI: 10.1175/bams-d-15-00306.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The GPM mission collects essential rain and snow data for scientific studies and societal benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Walter A Petersen
- NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, National Space Science and Technology Center, Huntsville, Alabama
| | | | - Chris Kidd
- University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, Maryland
| | | | | | | | - Scott A Braun
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland
| | | | - Toshio Iguchi
- National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Riko Oki
- Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Tokyo
| | - William S Olson
- Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland
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7
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Kidd C, Becker A, Huffman GJ, Muller CL, Joe P, Skofronick-Jackson G, Kirschbaum DB. So, how much of the Earth's surface is covered by rain gauges? Bull Am Meteorol Soc 2017; 98:69-78. [PMID: 30008481 PMCID: PMC6039978 DOI: 10.1175/bams-d-14-00283.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The measurement of global precipitation, both rainfall and snowfall, is critical to a wide range of users and applications. Rain gauges are indispensable in the measurement of precipitation, remaining the de facto standard for precipitation information across the Earth's surface for hydro-meteorological purposes. However, their distribution across the globe is limited: over land their distribution and density is variable, while over oceans very few gauges exist and where measurements are made, they may not adequately reflect the rainfall amounts of the broader area. Critically, the number of gauges available, or appropriate for a particular study, varies greatly across the Earth due to temporal sampling resolutions, periods of operation, data latency and data access. Numbers of gauges range from a few thousand available in near real time, to about a hundred thousand for all 'official' gauges, and to possibly hundreds of thousands if all possible gauges are included. Gauges routinely used in the generation of global precipitation products cover an equivalent area of between about 250 m2 and 3,000 m2. For comparison, the center circle of a soccer pitch or tennis court is about 260 m2. Although each gauge should represent more than just the gauge orifice, auto-correlation distances of precipitation vary greatly with regime and the integration period. Assuming each Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC) -available gauge is independent and represents a surrounding area of 5 km radius, this represents only about 1% of the Earth's surface. The situation is further confounded for snowfall which has a greater measurement uncertainty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Kidd
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20740 and NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, 20771
| | | | | | - Catherine L Muller
- Royal Meteorological Society, Reading, United Kingdom and School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Paul Joe
- Environment Canada, Meteorological Research Division, Toronto, Canada
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Ricko M, Adler RF, Huffman GJ. Climatology and Interannual Variability of Quasi-Global Intense Precipitation Using Satellite Observations. J Clim 2016; 29:5447-5468. [PMID: 32818008 PMCID: PMC7430205 DOI: 10.1175/jcli-d-15-0662.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Climatology and variations of recent mean and intense precipitation over a near global (50°S-50°N) domain on a monthly and annual time scale are analyzed. Data used to derive daily precipitation to examine the effects of spatial and temporal coverage of intense precipitation are the current Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) 3B42 Version 7 precipitation product, with high spatial and temporal resolution during 1998-2013. Intense precipitation is defined by several different parameters, such as a 95th percentile threshold of daily precipitation, a mean precipitation that exceeds that percentile or a fixed threshold of daily precipitation value (e.g., 25 and 50 mm day-1). All parameters are used to identify the main characteristics of spatial and temporal variation of intense precipitation. High correlations between examined parameters are observed, especially between climatological monthly mean precipitation and intense precipitation, both over tropical land and ocean. Among the various parameters examined, the one best characterizing intense rainfall is a fraction of daily precipitation ≥25 mm day-1, defined as a ratio between the intense precipitation above used threshold and mean precipitation. Regions that experience an increase in mean precipitation likely experience a similar increase in intense precipitation, especially during the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. Improved knowledge of this intense precipitation regime and its strong connection to mean precipitation given by the fraction parameter can be used for monitoring of intense rainfall and its intensity on a global to regional scale.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert F. Adler
- Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, Maryland
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Behrangi A, Christensen M, Richardson M, Lebsock M, Stephens G, Huffman GJ, Bolvin D, Adler RF, Gardner A, Lambrigtsen B, Fetzer E. Status of High latitude precipitation estimates from observations and reanalyses. J Geophys Res Atmos 2016; 121:4468-4486. [PMID: 30027024 PMCID: PMC6048444 DOI: 10.1002/2015jd024546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
An intercomparison of high-latitude precipitation characteristics from observation-based and reanalysis products is performed. In particular the precipitation products from CloudSat provide an independent assessment to other widely used products, these being the observationally-based GPCP, GPCC and CMAP products and the ERA-Interim, MERRA and NCEP-DOE R2 reanalyses. Seasonal and annual total precipitation in both hemispheres poleward of 55° latitude is considered in all products, and CloudSat is used to assess intensity and frequency of precipitation occurrence by phase, defined as rain, snow or mixed phase. Furthermore, an independent estimate of snow accumulation during the cold season was calculated from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE). The intercomparison is performed for the 2007-2010 period when CloudSat was fully operational. It is found that ERA- Interim and MERRA are broadly similar, agreeing more closely with CloudSat over oceans. ERA-Interim also agrees well with CloudSat estimates of snowfall over Antarctica where total snowfall from GPCP and CloudSat is almost identical. A number of disagreements on regional or seasonal scales are identified: CMAP reports much lower ocean precipitation relative to other products, NCEP-DOE R2 reports much higher summer precipitation over northern hemisphere land, GPCP reports much higher snowfall over Eurasia, and CloudSat overestimates precipitation over Greenland, likely due to mischaracterization of rain and mixed-phase precipitation. These outliers are likely unrealistic for these specific regions and time periods. These estimates from observations and reanalyses provide useful insights for diagnostic assessment of precipitation products in high latitudes, quantifying the current uncertainties, improving the products, and establishing a benchmark for assessment of climate models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Behrangi
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Matthew Christensen
- Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mark Richardson
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Matthew Lebsock
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Graeme Stephens
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | | | - David Bolvin
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert F. Adler
- Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Alex Gardner
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Bjorn Lambrigtsen
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Eric Fetzer
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
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Lien GY, Kalnay E, Miyoshi T, Huffman GJ. Statistical properties of global precipitation in the NCEP GFS model and TMPA observations for data assimilation. Mon Weather Rev 2016; 144:663-679. [PMID: 32817999 PMCID: PMC7430203 DOI: 10.1175/mwr-d-15-0150.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
There are many issues regarding the assimilation of satellite precipitation data into numerical models, including the non-Gaussian error distributions associated with precipitation, and large model and observation errors. As a result, it is not easy to improve the model forecast beyond a few hours by assimilating precipitation. To identify the challenges and propose practical solutions to assimilation of precipitation, statistics are calculated for global precipitation in a low-resolution NCEP Global Forecasting System (GFS) model and the TRMM Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA). The samples are constructed using the same model with the same forecast period, observation variables, and resolution as planned in the follow-on GFS/TMPA precipitation assimilation experiments presented in the companion paper. The statistical results indicate that the T62 and T126 GFS models generally have positive bias in precipitation compared to the TMPA observations, and that the simulation of the marine stratocumulus precipitation is problematic in the T62 GFS model. It is necessary to apply to precipitation either the commonly used logarithm transformation or the newly proposed Gaussian transformation to obtain a better relationship between the model and observational precipitation. When the Gaussian transformations are separately applied to the model and observational precipitation, they serve as a bias correction that corrects the amplitude-dependent biases. In addition, using a spatially and/or temporally averaged precipitation variable, such as the 6-hour accumulated precipitation, should be advantageous for precipitation assimilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Yuan Lien
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- RIKEN Advanced Institute for Computational Science, Kobe, Japan
| | - Eugenia Kalnay
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Takemasa Miyoshi
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- RIKEN Advanced Institute for Computational Science, Kobe, Japan
- Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokohama, Japan
| | - George J. Huffman
- Mesoscale Atmospheric Processes Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland
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Yong B, Hong Y, Ren LL, Gourley JJ, Huffman GJ, Chen X, Wang W, Khan SI. Assessment of evolving TRMM-based multisatellite real-time precipitation estimation methods and their impacts on hydrologic prediction in a high latitude basin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd017069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Dickerson RR, Huffman GJ, Luke WT, Nunnermacker LJ, Pickering KE, Leslie AC, Lindsey CG, Slinn WG, Kelly TJ, Daum PH, Delany AC, Greenberg JP, Zimmerman PR, Boatman JF, Ray JD, Stedman DH. Thunderstorms: an important mechanism in the transport of air pollutants. Science 2010; 235:460-5. [PMID: 17810340 DOI: 10.1126/science.235.4787.460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 369] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Acid deposition and photochemical smog are urban air pollution problems, and they remain localized as long as the sulfur, nitrogen, and hydrocarbon pollutants are confined to the lower troposphere (below about 1-kilometer altitude) where they are short-lived. If, however, the contaminants are rapidly transported to the upper troposphere, then their atmospheric residence times grow and their range of influence expands dramatically. Although this vertical transport ameliorates some of the effects of acid rain by diluting atmospheric acids, it exacerbates global tropospheric ozone production by redistributing the necessary nitrogen catalysts. Results of recent computer simulations suggest that thunderstorms are one means of rapid vertical transport. To test this hypothesis, several research aircraft near a midwestern thunderstrom measured carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, ozone, and reactive nitrogen compounds. Their concentrations were much greater in the outflow region of the storm, up to 11 kilometers in altitude, than in surrounding air. Trace gas measurements can thus be used to track the motion of air in and around a cloud. Thunderstorms may transform local air pollution problems into regional or global atmospheric chemistry problems.
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Tian Y, Peters-Lidard CD, Eylander JB, Joyce RJ, Huffman GJ, Adler RF, Hsu KL, Turk FJ, Garcia M, Zeng J. Component analysis of errors in satellite-based precipitation estimates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd011949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Adler RF, Gu G, Wang JJ, Huffman GJ, Curtis S, Bolvin D. Relationships between global precipitation and surface temperature on interannual and longer timescales (1979–2006). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd010536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Hall FG, Brown de Colstoun E, Collatz GJ, Landis D, Dirmeyer P, Betts A, Huffman GJ, Bounoua L, Meeson B. ISLSCP Initiative II global data sets: Surface boundary conditions and atmospheric forcings for land-atmosphere studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Koster RD, Fekete BM, Huffman GJ, Stackhouse PW. Revisiting a hydrological analysis framework with International Satellite Land Surface Climatology Project Initiative 2 rainfall, net radiation, and runoff fields. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Gebremichael M, Krajewski WF, Morrissey ML, Huffman GJ, Adler RF. A Detailed Evaluation of GPCP 1° Daily Rainfall Estimates over the Mississippi River Basin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1175/jam2233.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This study provides an intensive evaluation of the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) 1° daily (1DD) rainfall products over the Mississippi River basin, which covers 435 1° latitude × 1° longitude grids for the period of January 1997–December 2000 using radar-based precipitation estimates. The authors’ evaluation criteria include unconditional continuous, conditional (quasi) continuous, and categorical statistics, and their analyses cover annual and seasonal time periods. The authors present spatial maps that reflect the results for the 1° grids and a summary of the results for three selected regions. They also develop a statistical framework that partitions the GPCP–radar difference statistics into GPCP error and radar error statistics. They further partition the GPCP error statistics into sampling error and retrieval error statistics and estimate the sampling error statistics using a data-based resampling experiment. Highlights of the results include the following: 1) the GPCP 1DD product captures the spatial and temporal variability of rainfall to a high degree, with more than 80% of the variance explained, 2) the GPCP 1DD product proficiently detects rainy days at a large range of rainfall thresholds, and 3) in comparison with radar-based estimates the GPCP 1DD product overestimates rainfall.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mark L. Morrissey
- Environmental Verification and Analysis Center, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma
| | - George J. Huffman
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., and NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojun Gu
- Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology Center; University of Maryland Baltimore County; Baltimore Maryland USA
- Laboratory for Atmospheres; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
| | - Robert F. Adler
- Laboratory for Atmospheres; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
| | - George J. Huffman
- Laboratory for Atmospheres; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc.; Lanham Maryland USA
| | - Scott Curtis
- Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology; University of Maryland Baltimore County; Maryland USA
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Gebremichael M, Krajewski WF, Morrissey M, Langerud D, Huffman GJ, Adler R. Error Uncertainty Analysis of GPCP Monthly Rainfall Products: A Data-Based Simulation Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1175/1520-0450(2003)042<1837:euaogm>2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Adler RF, Huffman GJ, Bolvin DT, Curtis S, Nelkin EJ. Tropical Rainfall Distributions Determined Using TRMM Combined with Other Satellite and Rain Gauge Information. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1175/1520-0450(2001)040<2007:trddut>2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ryan WF, Dickerson RR, Huffman GJ, Luke WT. Tropospheric chemistry over the lower Great Plains of the United States. 1. Meteorology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1029/92jd01375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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