1
|
Lopez AA, Dressel A, Luebke J, Williams J, Campbell J, Miller J, Kibicho J, Schadewald D, Abusbaitan H, Pirsch A, Gondwe KW, Schubert E, Ruiz A, Kako P, Mkandawire-Valhmu L, Egede LE. Intimate partner violence in the lives of Indigenous and Black women in the upper Midwest of the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic: A mixed-methods protocol examining help-seeking behaviours and experiences. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2024. [PMID: 38323681 DOI: 10.1111/inm.13294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Violent behaviour perpetrated against women has long-lasting negative physical and mental health consequences for women, their children, their families, and their communities. Intimate partner violence (IPV) is associated with many adverse physical, psychological, and emotional consequences. Structural racism and historical trauma affect women's trust and further hinder the ability of Indigenous and Black women to seek help after experiencing IPV. The availability of IPV support services, which can include shelter, food, group therapy, legal assistance, and advocacy, can be inaccessible to women due to the inability to access often limited resources in urban environments and reasons compounded by potential geographic distance if living in rural areas or living in community. Understanding the unique reasons why Indigenous and Black women do not seek help, and the barriers they experience when seeking help after IPV, is critical. Pandemics have the potential to create further complexities on how IPV is experienced. Black and Indigenous women experiencing IPV were therefore at even greater risk for IPV-related harm because of state and local "stay at home" measures put in place to minimise the spread COVID-19. The purpose of this manuscript is to explicate the methods for a large R01 study in the Upper Midwest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexa A Lopez
- College of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Anne Dressel
- College of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jeneile Luebke
- School of Nursing, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Joni Williams
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
- Center for Advancing Population Science, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jennifer Campbell
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
- Center for Advancing Population Science, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jessica Miller
- School of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jennifer Kibicho
- College of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Diane Schadewald
- College of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Hanan Abusbaitan
- College of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Anna Pirsch
- School of Nursing, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kaboni W Gondwe
- School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Erin Schubert
- Sojourner Family Peace Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ashley Ruiz
- Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Peninnah Kako
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Leonard E Egede
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
- Center for Advancing Population Science, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Koenig MD, Crooks N, Burton T, Li Y, Hemphill NO, Erbe K, Rutherford JN, Liese KL, Pearson P, Stewart K, Kessee N, Gondwe KW, Reed L, Tussing-Humphreys L. Structural Violence and Stress Experiences of Young Pregnant Black People. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2023:10.1007/s40615-023-01661-y. [PMID: 37306921 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-023-01661-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Approximately 10-20% of individuals suffer from mental health concerns during the prenatal period due to their vulnerability and emotional responses to stressful events. Mental health disorders are more likely to be disabling and persistent for people of color, and they are less likely to seek treatment due to stigma. Young pregnant Black people report experiencing stress due to isolation, feelings of conflict, lack of material and emotional resources, and support from significant others. Although many studies have reported the types of stressors experienced, personal resources, emotional stress responses on pregnancy, and mental health outcomes, there is limited data on young Black women's perceptions of these factors. METHODS This study utilizes the Health Disparities Research Framework to conceptualize drivers of stress related to maternal health outcomes for young Black women. We conducted a thematic analysis to identify stressors for young Black women. RESULTS Findings revealed the following overarching themes: Societal stress of being young, Black, and pregnant; Community level systems that perpetuate stress and structural violence; Interpersonal level stressors; Individual level effects of stress on mom and baby; and Coping with stress. DISCUSSION Acknowledging and naming structural violence and addressing structures that create and fuel stress for young pregnant Black people are important first steps to interrogating systems that allow for nuanced power dynamics and for recognizing the full humanity of young pregnant Black people.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Dawn Koenig
- Department of Human Development Nursing Science, University of Illinois Chicago, 845 S. Damen Ave., MC 802, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Natasha Crooks
- Department of Human Development Nursing Science, University of Illinois Chicago, 845 S. Damen Ave., MC 802, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Tristesse Burton
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Illinois Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, MC 886, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Yanqiao Li
- Department of Human Development Nursing Science, University of Illinois Chicago, 845 S. Damen Ave., MC 802, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | | | - Katherine Erbe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Illinois Chicago, 820 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Julienne N Rutherford
- Biobehavioral Health Science Division, University of Arizona, PO Box 210203, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Kylea L Liese
- Department of Human Development Nursing Science, University of Illinois Chicago, 845 S. Damen Ave., MC 802, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Pamela Pearson
- Department of Human Development Nursing Science, University of Illinois Chicago, 845 S. Damen Ave., MC 802, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Karie Stewart
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Illinois Chicago, 820 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Nicollette Kessee
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois Chicago, 1919 W. Taylor St., Chicago, IL, 60608, USA
| | - Kaboni W Gondwe
- Deptartment of Child, Family, and Population Health Nursing, University of Washington, Box 357262, 1959 NE Pacific St., Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | | | - Lisa Tussing-Humphreys
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois Chicago, 1919 W. Taylor St., Chicago, IL, 60608, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Malin KJ, Gondwe KW, Fial AV, Moore R, Conley Y, White-Traut R, Griffith T. Scoping Review of Early Toxic Stress and Epigenetic Alterations in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Nurs Res 2023; 72:218-228. [PMID: 37084322 PMCID: PMC10278559 DOI: 10.1097/nnr.0000000000000652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preterm infants are uniquely vulnerable to early toxic stress exposure while in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and also being at risk for suboptimal neurodevelopmental outcomes. However, the complex biological mechanisms responsible for variations in preterm infants' neurodevelopmental outcomes because of early toxic stress exposure in the NICU remain unknown. Innovative preterm behavioral epigenetics research offers a possible mechanism and describes how early toxic stress exposure may lead to epigenetic alterations, potentially affecting short- and long-term outcomes. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to review the relationships between early toxic stress exposures in the NICU and epigenetic alterations in preterm infants. The measurement of early toxic stress exposure in the NICU and effect of epigenetic alterations on neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants were also examined. METHODS We conducted a scoping review of the literature published between January 2011 and December 2021 using databases PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrance Library, PsycINFO, and Web of Science. Primary data-based research that examined epigenetics, stress, and preterm infants or NICU were included. RESULTS A total of 13 articles from nine studies were included. DNA methylations of six specific genes were studied in relation to early toxic stress exposure in the NICU: SLC6A4, SLC6A3, OPRMI, NR3C1, HSD11B2, and PLAGL1. These genes are responsible for regulating serotonin, dopamine, and cortisol. Poorer neurodevelopmental outcomes were associated with alterations in DNA methylation of SLC6A4, NR3C1, and HSD11B2. Measurements of early toxic stress exposure in the NICU were inconsistent among the studies. DISCUSSION Epigenetic alterations secondary to early toxic stress exposures in the NICU may be associated with future neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants. Common data elements of toxic stress exposure in preterm infants are needed. Identification of the epigenome and mechanisms by which early toxic stress exposure leads to epigenetic alterations in this vulnerable population will provide evidence to design and test individualized intervention.
Collapse
|
4
|
Avorgbedor F, McCoy TP, Gondwe KW, Xu H, Spielfogel E, Cortés YI, Vilme H, Lacey JVJ. Cardiovascular Disease-Related Emergency Department Visits and Hospitalization among Women with Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy. Am J Prev Med 2023; 64:686-694. [PMID: 36863895 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The risk of developing cardiovascular disease is higher for women who had hypertensive disorders of pregnancy than for women without a history of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. However, it is unknown whether the emergency department visits and hospitalization differ between women with a history of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and women without hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. The objective of this study was to characterize and compare cardiovascular disease-related emergency department visits, hospitalization rates, and diagnoses in women with a history of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy with those in women without. METHOD This study included participants from the California Teachers Study (N=58,718) with a history of pregnancy and data from 1995 through 2020. Incidence of cardiovascular disease-related emergency department visits and hospitalizations based on linkages with hospital records were modeled using multivariable negative binomial regression. Data were analyzed in 2022. RESULTS A total of 5% of the women had a history of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (5.4%, 95% CI=5.2%, 5.6). A total of 31% of women had 1 or more cardiovascular disease-related emergency department visits (30.9%), and 30.1% had 1 or more hospitalizations. The incidence of cardiovascular disease-related emergency department visits (adjusted incident rate ratio=8.96, p<0.001) and hospitalizations (adjusted incident rate ratio=8.88, p<0.001) were significantly higher for women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy than for those without, adjusting for other related characteristics of the women. CONCLUSIONS History of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy is associated with higher cardiovascular disease-related emergency department visits and hospitalizations. These findings underscore the potential burden on women and the healthcare system of managing complications associated with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Evaluating and managing cardiovascular disease risk factors in women with a history of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy is necessary to avoid cardiovascular disease-related emergency department visits and hospitalizations in this group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Forgive Avorgbedor
- School of Nursing, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina.
| | - Thomas P McCoy
- School of Nursing, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina
| | - Kaboni W Gondwe
- School of Nursing, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Hanzhang Xu
- Duke Family Medicine & Community Health, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Yamnia I Cortés
- School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Helene Vilme
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mkandawire E, Bisai C, Dyke E, Dressel A, Kantayeni H, Molosoni B, Kako PM, Gondwe KW, Mkandawire-Valhmu L. A qualitative assessment of gender roles in child nutrition in Central Malawi. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1392. [PMID: 35858910 PMCID: PMC9297552 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13749-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Child malnutrition persists globally with men and women playing distinct roles to support children’s nutrition. Women frequently carry the bulk of the workload related to food, care, and health, all of which are critical factors in child nutrition. For this reason, development efforts have emphasised women ignoring the potential role of men in supporting children’s nutrition. This study sought to understand the different roles that Malawian men and women play in children’s nutrition. Methods This qualitative was conducted in rural Central Malawi as part of a baseline study in 2017 for the CARE Southern Africa Nutrition Initiative. Seventy-six participants were interviewed, including 19 men and 57 women, using focus group discussions and in-depth interviews. We sought to understand the gender distribution of men’s and women’s roles and how these roles influence child nutrition. Results We found that both men and women were involved in productive, reproductive, and community work. However, consistent with the literature, women carried a disproportionate workload in supporting child nutrition compared to men. Women’s heavier workloads often prevented them from being able to meet children’s food needs. Nevertheless, shifts in gender roles were observed in some of the sampled communities, with men taking up responsibilities that have been typically associated with women. These changes in gender roles, however, did not necessarily increase women’s power within the household. Conclusions Traditional gender roles remain prevalent in the sampled communities. Women continue to be primarily responsible for the food, care, and health of the household. Women’s heavy workloads prevent them from providing optimal care and nutrition for children. While efforts to advance gender equality by encouraging men to participate in child care and other household responsibilities appear to have had marginal success, the extent to which these efforts have successfully encouraged men to share power remains unclear. Improving gender equality and child nutrition will require efforts to redistribute gendered work and encourage men to move towards shared power with women over household decision-making and control over income.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Mkandawire
- University of Pretoria, Old College House, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - Clement Bisai
- CARE Malawi, Pamodzi House, Off Presidential Drive, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | | | - Anne Dressel
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, College of Nursing, Cunningham Hall, Milwaukee, WI, 53201, USA
| | - Hazel Kantayeni
- CARE Malawi, Pamodzi House, Off Presidential Drive, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Billy Molosoni
- CARE Malawi, Pamodzi House, Off Presidential Drive, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Peninnah M Kako
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, College of Nursing, Cunningham Hall, Milwaukee, WI, 53201, USA
| | - Kaboni W Gondwe
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, College of Nursing, Cunningham Hall, Milwaukee, WI, 53201, USA
| | - Lucy Mkandawire-Valhmu
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, College of Nursing, Cunningham Hall, Milwaukee, WI, 53201, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Moyoh W, Gondwe KW, Andreou P, Philippou E, Papageorgiou A. Allied health workers’ role in patient education in the United States. JHSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.17532/jhsci.2022.1562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Patient education (PE) has been traditionally seen as the role of nurses and physicians, while allied health workers (AHWs)-who make up the biggest population of the US healthcare workforce-are sometimes reduced to providing supportive roles. This article reviews the available literature on the role of AHWs in providing PE in the US.Methods: This review was based on a search of the databases Academic Search Ultimate; Health Source-Consumer Edition; Health Source-Nursing/Academic Edition and MEDLINE initially conducted between January 10 and February 3, 2021, and later re-done between December 20 and December 22, 2021. This review applied guidelines for narrative reviews (Ferrari 2015). The search looked at papers published between 2001 and 2021, which discussed allied health professions relevant to the US health system.Results: The review derived 18 articles from the search and two articles from the reference lists of the 18 articles. The review found that AHWs seldom performed PE, although the profession of physical therapy made efforts to formalize participation in PE. It also found that expansion of roles for AHWs was warranted, although additional training may be required to develop effective PE competencies among AHWs. Finally, it found existing challenges such as interprofessional rivalries and time limitations that affected the incorporation of AHWs in PE.Conclusions: AHWs have untapped potential to contribute more to the US health system through delivery of effective PE. Policy adjustments are needed to maximize the input of AHWs in PE. Increased interprofessional collaboration in the US health system is needed to facilitate the extension of PE roles to AHWs. Further research is needed to better understand the factors limiting AHWs’ involvement in PE.
Collapse
|
7
|
Gillespie SL, Christian LM, Mackos AR, Nolan TS, Gondwe KW, Anderson CM, Hall MW, Williams KP, Slavich GM. Lifetime stressor exposure, systemic inflammation during pregnancy, and preterm birth among Black American women. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 101:266-274. [PMID: 35031400 PMCID: PMC8885874 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although Black American mothers and infants are at higher risk for morbidity and mortality than their White counterparts, the biological mechanisms underlying these phenomena remain largely unknown. To investigate the role that lifetime stressor exposure, perceived stressor severity, and systemic inflammatory markers might play, we studied how these factors were interrelated in 92 pregnant Black American women. We also compared inflammatory marker levels for women who did versus did not go on to give birth preterm. During the early third trimester, women completed the Stress and Adversity Inventory for Adults to assess the stressors they experienced over their lifetime. Women also provided blood samples for plasma interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α quantification. Preterm births were identified by medical record review. Controlling for relevant covariates, there were significant positive associations between average levels of both overall and acute perceived stressor severity and plasma IL-1β levels. Controlling for perceived stress at assessment and exposure to racial discrimination did not affect these results. Mediation models revealed that exposure to more chronic stressors was related to higher plasma IL-1β levels, as mediated by higher average levels of overall perceived stressor severity. Exposure to fewer acute stressors was related to higher plasma IL-1β levels, as mediated by higher average levels of acute perceived stressor severity. Finally, women who went on to give birth preterm had higher levels of plasma IL-6. These data thus highlight the potential importance of assessing and addressing lifetime stressor exposure among mothers before and during maternal-infant care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shannon L. Gillespie
- College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA,Please address correspondence to Shannon L. Gillespie, 358 Newton Hall, 1585 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH, USA; 1-614-292-4589 Office;
| | - Lisa M. Christian
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA,Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Amy R. Mackos
- College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Timiya S. Nolan
- College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kaboni W. Gondwe
- College of Nursing, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA,Center for Advancing Population Science, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA,Department of Nursing Research & Evidence-based Practice, Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | | | - Mark W. Hall
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA,Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - George M. Slavich
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Avorgbedor F, Gondwe KW, Zou B, Conklin JL, Yeo S. A Systematic Review on Outcomes of Preterm Small for Gestational Infants Born to Women With Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy. J Perinat Neonatal Nurs 2021; 35:E58-E68. [PMID: 34726657 DOI: 10.1097/jpn.0000000000000603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
There is a lack of knowledge on the intersection between prematurity, small for gestational age, and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP). Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to examine the outcomes of preterm infants who were small for gestational age born to women with HDP. Searches were conducted with no date restriction through the final search date of May 13, 2020, in the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science Core Collection, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature Plus with Full Text (EBSCOhost), and Embase (Elsevier). A total of 6 studies were eligible for this review. The adjusted odds of mortality and necrotizing enterocolitis were significantly lower in the pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH)/HDP group than in the non-PIH/HDP group. There was no significant difference in the odds of respiratory distress syndrome, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and intraventricular hemorrhage between PIH/HDP and non-PIH/HDP groups. There was no significant difference between PIH/HDP and non-PIH/HDP groups in cystic periventricular leukomalacia, retinopathy of prematurity, late-onset sepsis, patent ductus arteriosus, length of hospital stays, duration of supplemental oxygen use, duration of mechanical ventilation, and continuous airway pressure. The studies included in this systematic review demonstrated that PIH/HDP is associated with lower infant mortality and necrotizing enterocolitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Forgive Avorgbedor
- School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (Drs Avorgbedor, Zou, and Yeo); School of Nursing, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee (Dr Gondwe); and Health Sciences Library, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (Ms Conklin)
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ngui EM, Kako PM, Dressel A, Mkandawire-Valhmu L, Walker RJ, Gondwe KW, Prigmore HL, Egede LE. The association of HIV status with rural-urban differences in wealth in Malawi: 2004-2015/16. AIDS Care 2020; 33:1451-1457. [PMID: 32835495 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2020.1808157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This retrospective cross-sectional study examined the association of HIV status with wealth in Malawi using the 2004, 2010, and 2015/16 Malawi Demographic and Health Survey (MDHS) data. A harmonized wealth index was generated using factor analysis of the pooled data. Bivariate and multivariate linear regression models were estimated to examine the association of HIV status with wealth stratified by urban and rural communities in Malawi. The sample consisted of 33,484 individuals(3,419 were HIV positive and 30,065 HIV-negative). While only 52% of the participants were female, women constituted 61% of those who were HIV positive. Findings showed a positive association between HIV status and wealth in rural but not in urban locations. In rural locations, HIV status was significantly associated with increased wealth (β=0.11; 0.07, 0.15), whereas having more children in the household (β=-0.02; -0.03, -0.02) and being employed (β=-0.07; -0.09, -0.04) were associated with decreased wealth. Given our findings of increased HIV prevalence among those with a higher wealth index in rural Malawi, broadening HIV-prevention efforts to include programs that target the wealthy in Malawi might help mitigate new HIV infections. To effectively address HIV in Malawi, HIV programming policies must target women and men at all socioeconomic status levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel M Ngui
- Community and Behavioral Health Promotion, Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
| | - Peninnah M Kako
- College of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee.,Center for Advancing Population Science, Medical College of Wisconsin
| | - Anne Dressel
- College of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee.,Center for Advancing Population Science, Medical College of Wisconsin
| | - L Mkandawire-Valhmu
- College of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee.,Center for Advancing Population Science, Medical College of Wisconsin
| | - Rebekah J Walker
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin.,Center for Advancing Population Science, Medical College of Wisconsin
| | - K W Gondwe
- College of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee.,Center for Advancing Population Science, Medical College of Wisconsin
| | - Heather L Prigmore
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin.,Center for Advancing Population Science, Medical College of Wisconsin
| | - Leonard E Egede
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin.,Center for Advancing Population Science, Medical College of Wisconsin
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Nutor JJ, Duah HO, Agbadi P, Duodu PA, Gondwe KW. Spatial analysis of factors associated with HIV infection in Malawi: indicators for effective prevention. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1167. [PMID: 32711500 PMCID: PMC7382788 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09278-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to model the predictors of HIV prevalence in Malawi through a complex sample logistic regression and spatial mapping approach using the national Demographic and Health Survey datasets. METHODS We conducted a secondary data analysis using the 2015-2016 Malawi Demographic and Health Survey and AIDS Indicator Survey. The analysis was performed in three stages while incorporating population survey sampling weights to: i) interpolate HIV data, ii) identify the spatial clusters with the high prevalence of HIV infection, and iii) perform a multivariate complex sample logistic regression. RESULTS In all, 14,779 participants were included in the analysis with an overall HIV prevalence of 9% (7.0% in males and 10.8% in females). The highest prevalence was found in the southern region of Malawi (13.2%), and the spatial interpolation revealed that the HIV epidemic is worse at the south-eastern part of Malawi. The districts in the high HIV prevalent zone of Malawi are Thyolo, Zomba, Mulanje, Phalombe and Blantyre. In central and northern region, the district HIV prevalence map identified Lilongwe in the central region and Karonga in the northern region as districts that equally deserve attention. People residing in urban areas had a 2.2 times greater risk of being HIV-positive compared to their counterparts in the rural areas (AOR = 2.16; 95%CI = 1.57-2.97). Other independent predictors of HIV prevalence were gender, age, marital status, number of lifetime sexual partners, extramarital partners, the region of residence, condom use, history of STI in the last 12 months, and household wealth index. Disaggregated analysis showed in-depth sociodemographic regional variations in HIV prevalence. CONCLUSION These findings identify high-risk populations and regions to be targeted for Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) campaigns, HIV testing, treatment and education to decrease incidence, morbidity, and mortality related to HIV infection in Malawi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jerry John Nutor
- Department of Family Health Care Nursing, School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
| | | | - Pascal Agbadi
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | - Kaboni W Gondwe
- College of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Center for Advancing Population Science, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gondwe KW, White-Traut R, Brandon D, Pan W, Holditch-Davis D. The role of sociodemographic factors in maternal psychological distress and mother-preterm infant interactions. Res Nurs Health 2017; 40:528-540. [PMID: 28877554 DOI: 10.1002/nur.21816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Preterm birth has been associated with greater psychological distress and less positive mother infant interactions than were experienced by mothers of full-term infants. Maternal and infant sociodemographic factors have also shown a strong association with psychological distress and the mother-infant relationship. However, findings on their effects over time are limited. In this longitudinal analysis, we explored the relationship of maternal and infant sociodemographic variables (maternal age, maternal education, marital status, being on social assistance, maternal race, infant birth weight, and infant gender) to maternal psychological distress (depressive, posttraumatic stress, anxiety, parenting stress symptoms, and maternal worry about child's health) through 12 months corrected age for prematurity, and on the home environment, and mother-infant interactions through 6 months corrected age for prematurity. We also explored differences related to maternal obstetrical characteristics (gestational age at birth, parity, mode of delivery, and multiple birth) and severity of infant conditions (Apgar scores, need for mechanical ventilation, and infant medical complications). Although the relationship of maternal and infant characteristics with these outcomes did not change over time, psychological distress differed based on marital status, maternal education, infant gender, and infant medical complications. Older mothers provided more a positive home environment. Mother-infant interactions differed by maternal age, being on public assistance, maternal race, infant gender, and infant medical complications. More longitudinal research is needed to better understand these effects over time in order to identify and support at-risk mothers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaboni W Gondwe
- Duke University School of Nursing, Durham, North Carolina.,University of Malawi Kamuzu College of Nursing, Lilongwe, Central Region, Malawi
| | - Rosemary White-Traut
- College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Debra Brandon
- Duke University School of Nursing, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Wei Pan
- Duke University School of Nursing and Department of Biostatistics, Durham, North Carolina
| | | |
Collapse
|