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Hu D, Jin W, Ding H, Pang Y, Ma S, Yang M, Wu S, Jiang M, Pang L, Luo S, Ning Q. Spirometra mansoni sparganosis identified by metagenomic next-generation sequencing: a case report. Int J Infect Dis 2023; 128:128-131. [PMID: 36592686 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A 30-year-old male patient had a cyst on the left hip and progressive enlargement for more than 2 months. Combined blood tests, magnetic resonance imaging, and pathology findings, cysticercosis infection was suspected. However, the treatment for cysticercosis was ineffective. We conducted a metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) analysis on the formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimen of the patient's surgically excised tissue, and the results suggested Spirometra mansoni, mNGS was further confirmed by polymerase chain reaction and phylogenetic analysis of cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene. Based on these results, we found that mNGS provided a better method of diagnosing parasitic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diefei Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenxiang Jin
- KingMed Diagnostics, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huarong Ding
- Department of burns and plastic surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu Pang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shasha Ma
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China.
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shuwen Wu
- KingMed Diagnostics, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Muliang Jiang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lingling Pang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shuming Luo
- Infection Diseases Section of The Second Nanning People's Hospital, Nanning, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiuyue Ning
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Prevention of Sparganosis in Asia. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12121578. [PMID: 35739914 PMCID: PMC9219546 DOI: 10.3390/ani12121578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sparganosis is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by the larvae (spargana) of the genus Spirometra, which is widely distributed globally and threatens human health. More than 60 species of Spirometra have already been identified, and over 2000 cases have been reported. This review summarizes the prevalence of humans, frogs, snakes, and other animals with spargana. Furthermore, the infection mode, distribution, and site are summarized and analyzed. We also describe the epidemiology, molecular diagnosis, and other aspects which are of considerable significance to preventing sparganum.
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3
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Gong T, Su X, Li F, He J, Chen S, Li W, Xie X, Liu Y, Zhang X, Liu W. Epidemiology and Genetic Diversity of Spirometra Tapeworm Isolates from Snakes in Hunan Province, China. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:1216. [PMID: 35565642 PMCID: PMC9101633 DOI: 10.3390/ani12091216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sparganosis, caused by the plerocercoid larvae of Spirometra tapeworms, is a public health hazard worldwide. The prevalence and genetics of sparganum from snakes remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of sparganum infection in wild snakes in Hunan province and compared the prevalence of Spirometra tapeworms in snakes worldwide. Furthermore, the genetic diversity of collected isolates was analyzed using mitochondrial cytb and cox1 genes. The result shows that the sparganum infection rate in wild snakes (89.50%, 402/449) was higher in Hunan than in other regions. Genetic diversity analysis based on concatenated sequences revealed high genetic diversity but no distinct genetic structure among Spirometra populations. Phylogenetic analysis supported the division of European and Chinese Spirometra isolates and a single species in Chinese Spirometra isolates. The prevalence of Spirometra tapeworms in snakes is serious, and the risk of sparganosis should be further publicized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfang Gong
- Research Center for Parasites & Vectors, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (T.G.); (F.L.); (J.H.); (S.C.); (W.L.); (X.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xiaoyi Su
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
| | - Fen Li
- Research Center for Parasites & Vectors, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (T.G.); (F.L.); (J.H.); (S.C.); (W.L.); (X.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Junlin He
- Research Center for Parasites & Vectors, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (T.G.); (F.L.); (J.H.); (S.C.); (W.L.); (X.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Shuyu Chen
- Research Center for Parasites & Vectors, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (T.G.); (F.L.); (J.H.); (S.C.); (W.L.); (X.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Wenchao Li
- Research Center for Parasites & Vectors, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (T.G.); (F.L.); (J.H.); (S.C.); (W.L.); (X.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xinrui Xie
- Research Center for Parasites & Vectors, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (T.G.); (F.L.); (J.H.); (S.C.); (W.L.); (X.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yisong Liu
- Research Center for Parasites & Vectors, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (T.G.); (F.L.); (J.H.); (S.C.); (W.L.); (X.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
| | - Wei Liu
- Research Center for Parasites & Vectors, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (T.G.); (F.L.); (J.H.); (S.C.); (W.L.); (X.X.); (Y.L.)
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine & Protein Engineering, Changsha 410128, China
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4
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Abbas I, El-Alfy ES, Janecek-Erfurth E, Strube C. Molecular characterization of Cysticercus tenuicollis isolates from sheep in the Nile Delta, Egypt and a review on Taenia hydatigena infections worldwide. Parasitology 2021; 148:913-933. [PMID: 33775267 PMCID: PMC11010137 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182021000536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The predator–prey-transmitted cestode Taenia hydatigena infects a wide range of definitive and intermediate hosts all over the world. Domestic and sylvatic cycles of transmission are considered as well. The parasite has considerable economic importance, particularly in sheep. Here, the molecular characters of T. hydatigena cysticerci in sheep from the Nile Delta, Egypt were investigated for the first time. For this purpose, 200 sheep carcasses and their offal were inspected at the municipal abattoir, Dakahlia governorate, Egypt. Cysticerci of T. hydatigena were collected and molecularly characterized employing the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene. Cysticerci were found in 42 (21%) sheep, mostly attached to the omenti, mesenteries and livers. After molecular confirmation, nine isolates were sequenced displaying six different haplotypes. Analysis of the T. hydatigena 12S rRNA nucleotide sequences deposited in GenBank revealed 55 haplotypes out of 69 isolates, displaying high haplotype (0.797) and low nucleotide (0.00739) diversities. For the Tajima D neutrality index, a negative value (−2.702) was determined, indicating the population expansion of the parasite. Additionally, global data summarized in this study should be useful to set up effective control strategies against this ubiquitous parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Abbas
- Parasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura35516, Egypt
| | - El-Sayed El-Alfy
- Parasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura35516, Egypt
| | - Elisabeth Janecek-Erfurth
- Institute for Parasitology, Center for Infection Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30559Hanover, Germany
| | - Christina Strube
- Institute for Parasitology, Center for Infection Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30559Hanover, Germany
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5
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Liu GH, Korhonen PK, Young ND, Lu J, Wang T, Fu YT, Koehler AV, Hofmann A, Chang BCH, Wang S, Li N, Lin CY, Zhang H, Xiangli L, Lin L, Liu WM, Li N, Li HW, Gasser RB, Zhu XQ. Dipylidium caninum draft genome - a new resource for comparative genomic and genetic explorations of flatworms. Genomics 2021; 113:1272-1280. [PMID: 33677058 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Here, we present a draft genome of the tapeworm Dipylidium caninum (family Dipylidiidae) and compare it with other cestode genomes. This draft genome of D. caninum is 110 Mb in size, has a repeat content of ~13.4% and is predicted to encode ~10,000 protein-coding genes. We inferred excretory/secretory molecules (representing the secretome), other key groups of proteins (including peptidases, kinases, phosphatases, GTPases, receptors, transporters and ion-channels) and predicted potential intervention targets for future evaluation. Using 144 shared single-copy orthologous sequences, we investigated the genetic relationships of cestodes for which nuclear genomes are available. This study provides first insights into the molecular biology of D. caninum and a new resource for comparative genomic and genetic explorations of this and other flatworms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Hua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Pasi K Korhonen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - Neil D Young
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - Jiang Lu
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China; Shenzhen Zhong Nong Jing Yue Biotech Company Limited, Shenzhen 518124, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - Yi-Tian Fu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Anson V Koehler
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - Andreas Hofmann
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Dathan 4111, Australia
| | - Bill C H Chang
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - Shuai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Nan Li
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China; Shenzhen Zhong Nong Jing Yue Biotech Company Limited, Shenzhen 518124, China
| | - Chu-Yu Lin
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China; Shenzhen Zhong Nong Jing Yue Biotech Company Limited, Shenzhen 518124, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China; Shenzhen Zhong Nong Jing Yue Biotech Company Limited, Shenzhen 518124, China
| | - Lingzi Xiangli
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China; Shenzhen Zhong Nong Jing Yue Biotech Company Limited, Shenzhen 518124, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China; Shenzhen Zhong Nong Jing Yue Biotech Company Limited, Shenzhen 518124, China
| | - Wei-Min Liu
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China; Shenzhen Zhong Nong Jing Yue Biotech Company Limited, Shenzhen 518124, China
| | - Nan Li
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China; Shenzhen Zhong Nong Jing Yue Biotech Company Limited, Shenzhen 518124, China
| | - Hua-Wei Li
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China; Shenzhen Zhong Nong Jing Yue Biotech Company Limited, Shenzhen 518124, China
| | - Robin B Gasser
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia.
| | - Xing-Quan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China.
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6
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Zhao F, Zhou Y, Wu Y, Zhou K, Liu A, Yang F, Zhang W. Prevalence and Genetic Characterization of Two Mitochondrial Gene Sequences of Strobilocercus Fasciolaris in the Livers of Brown Rats ( Rattus norvegicus) in Heilongjiang Province in Northeastern China. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:588107. [PMID: 33324575 PMCID: PMC7723829 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.588107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rodents constitute the largest and most successful group of mammals worldwide. Brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) are one of the most common rodent species, and they serve as intermediate hosts of Hydatigera taeniaeformis. Although there have been a few studies reporting on the presence of the larval form of H. taeniaeformis (strobilocercus fasciolaris) in brown rats worldwide, little information is available on the genetic characterization of this parasite, with no molecular data from China. Therefore, from April 2014 to March 2016, this study was carried out to understand the prevalence and genetic characters of strobilocercus fasciolaris in brown rats captured in Heilongjiang Province in northeastern China. The livers of brown rats were collected and examined for the presence of cysts. Each cyst was identified based on morphological observation: the larvae with the naked eye and the scolexes under a microscope. The results were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 (nad4) genes. At the investigated sites, 11.8% (13/110) of the brown rats were infected with strobilocercus fasciolaris. Based on sequence analysis, there were 10 and six haplotypes regarding the cox1 and the nad4 loci, with 24 and 42 polymorphic sites, respectively (degree of intraspecific variation: 0.3%–4.4% and 0.6%–4.7%, respectively). Twelve nucleotide sequences (six of the 10 at the cox1 locus and all six at the nad4 locus) have not previously been described. Base differences in three of the six novel cox1 gene sequences and five of the six novel nad4 gene sequences caused amino acid changes. Phylogenetic analyses of the cox1 and nad4 gene sequences based on neighbor-joining and Bayesian inference trees indicated that all the strobilocercus fasciolaris isolates belonged to Hydatigera taeniaeformis sensu stricto (s.s.). This is the first report on the genetic characterization of strobilocercus fasciolaris in brown rats in China. The findings of novel cox1 and nad4 nucleotide and amino acid sequences may reflect the region-specific genetic characterization of the parasite. The data will be useful to explore the biological and epidemiological significance of the intraspecific variation within H. taeniaeformis s.s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengnian Zhao
- Department of Parasitology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- Department of Parasitology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanchen Wu
- Department of Parasitology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Kexin Zhou
- Department of Parasitology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Aiqin Liu
- Department of Parasitology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Fengkun Yang
- Department of Parasitology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Weizhe Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Zhang X, Hong X, Liu SN, Jiang P, Zhao SC, Sun CX, Wang ZQ, Cui J. Large-scale survey of a neglected agent of sparganosis Spirometra erinaceieuropaei (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidae) in wild frogs in China. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008019. [PMID: 32101542 PMCID: PMC7043720 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In China, frogs play an understudied role in the spread of human sparganosis (caused by the larval form of Spirometra). However, our knowledge about the prevalence of sparganum infection in frogs remains fragmented, and the taxonomic identification of the parasite is still controversial. Methodology/Principal findings The prevalence of sparganum infection in wild frogs was surveyed at 145 geographical locations from 28 of the 34 provinces/autonomous regions/municipalities in China for six years. The collected sparganum isolates from the different locations were subjected to molecular identification by a multiplex PCR assay and then were analysed with clustering analysis. In the survey, sparganum infection was found in 8 out of 13 of the collected frog species, and the most frequently infected species was Pelophylax nigromaculatus (the infection rate was up to 14.07%). Infected frogs were found in 80 of the 145 surveyed locations. The sparganum infection rates in the wild frogs in several regions of China were still high (above 10%), especially in South and Southwest China. A total of 72 spargana were selected for molecular identification, and the clustering analysis showed that sequences from the Chinese isolates were very similar to those identified as from Spirometra erinaceieuropaei. However, the taxonomy of the genus remains confused and further analysis is required. Conclusions Eating wild frogs is associated with considerable health risks in China. Several traditional Chinese folk remedies may increase the risk of infection. The sparganum isolates in China are most likely from S. erinaceieuropaei, but new studies, especially comprehensive morphological analyses, are needed in the future. Human sparganosis has increased in recent years in China. Frogs play an important role in the spread of sparganosis. However, our knowledge about the prevalence of sparganum infection in frogs remains incomplete, and the taxonomic identification of sparganum is still controversial. In this study, the prevalence of sparganum infection in frogs was surveyed at 145 geographical locations in China. In addition, 72 spargana representing 72 distinct geographical isolates were selected for molecular identification. Frogs that tested positive for sparganum infection were found in 80 of the 145 surveyed locations, and the average infection rate was 10.96% (447/4078), with most of the spargana present in the thigh muscles of the infected frogs. The levels of sparganum infections in wild frogs in South and Southwest China were higher than those in the central and eastern regions. In the molecular identification analysis, all of the isolates revealed two specific bands in the multiplex PCR assay; the further clustering analysis of the sequenced PCR products showed that the Chinese isolates had a close relationship with Spirometra erinaceieuropaei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiu Hong
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shi Nan Liu
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shu Chuan Zhao
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chuan Xi Sun
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhong Quan Wang
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- * E-mail: (ZQW); (JC)
| | - Jing Cui
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- * E-mail: (ZQW); (JC)
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Morphometric, genetic diversity and phylogenetic analysis of Taenia hydatigena (Pallas, 1766) larval stage in Iranian livestock. Parasitology 2019; 147:231-239. [PMID: 31603069 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182019001434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Cysticercus tenuicollis as metacestode of Taenia hydatigena is the most prevalent taeniid species in livestock. Eighty-eight C. tenuicollis samples were collected from sheep (n = 44) and goats (n = 44) of the northern Iran from 2015 to 2016. The isolated parasites were characterized by morphometric keys. The DNA of the larval stage was extracted, amplified and sequenced targeting mitochondrial 12S rRNA and Cox 1 markers. A significant difference in larval rostellar hook length was observed in 12S rRNA haplotypes. Analysis of molecular variance of 12S rRNA indicated a moderate genetic diversity in the C. tenuicollis isolates. The pairwise sequence distance of C. tenuicollis showed an intra-species diversity of 0.3-0.5% and identity of 99.5-100%. Using the 12S rRNA sequence data we found a moderate genetic difference (Fst; 0.05421) in C. tenucollis isolates collected from livestock of the northern and southeastern regions of Iran. We concluded that the genetic variants of C. tenuicollis are being undoubtedly distributing mostly in different parts of Iran. Further studies with a larger number of T. hydatigena isolates collected from various intermediate and definitive hosts are needed to study this evolutionary assumption and also to determine the apparent genetic differences observed in the studied regions.
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Song SM, Yun HS, VanBik D, Chang HH, Lee SA, Kim SW, Ryoo N, Eun DY, Lee NY, Goo YK, Hong Y, Ock M, Cha HJ, Chung DI. Ten Cases of Taenia saginata Infection Confirmed by Analysis of the Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 rDNA Region in the Republic of Korea. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2019; 57:417-422. [PMID: 31533409 PMCID: PMC6753295 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2019.57.4.417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
From October 2015 to August 2018, tapeworm proglottids were obtained from 10 patients who were residents of Daegu and Gyeongbuk provinces and had a history of raw beef consumption. Most of them had no overseas travel experience. The gravid proglottids obtained from the 10 cases had 15–20 lateral uterine branches. A part of internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) DNA of the 10 cases, amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and digested with AleI restriction enzyme, produced the same band pattern of Taenia saginata, which differentiated from T. asiatica and T. solium. Sequences of ITS1 and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) showed higher homology to T. saginata than to T. asiatica and T. solium. Collectively, these 10 cases were identified as T. saginata human infections. As taeniasis is one of the important parasitic diseases in humans, it is necessary to maintain hygienic conditions during livestock farming to avoid public health concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Min Song
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea.,Department of Parasitology and Genetics, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan 49267, Korea
| | - Hae Soo Yun
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Dorene VanBik
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Hyun-Ha Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Sang-Ah Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Shin-Woo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Namhee Ryoo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Keimyung University School of Medicine, Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu 41931, Korea
| | - Dong Yeub Eun
- Dr. Eun's Internal Medicine Clinic, Daegu 42688, Korea
| | - Nan Young Lee
- Sangju Red Cross Hospital, Department of laboratory Medicine, Daegu 37199, Korea
| | - Youn-Kyoung Goo
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Yeonchul Hong
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Meesun Ock
- Department of Parasitology and Genetics, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan 49267, Korea
| | - Hee-Jae Cha
- Department of Parasitology and Genetics, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan 49267, Korea
| | - Dong-Il Chung
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
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Zhang X, Sun B, Tang Q, Chen R, Han S. Molecular Identification and Phylogenetic Analysis of Nuclear rDNA Sequences of Clonorchis sinensis Isolates From Human Fecal Samples in Heilongjiang Province, China. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:26. [PMID: 30745896 PMCID: PMC6360181 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Studying the genetic diversity of parasite is important for understanding their biogeography and molecular epidemiology, as well as for establishing disease prevention and control strategies. Clonorchis sinensis is an important foodborne parasite worldwide. However, despite its epidemiological significance, the genetic diversity of C. sinensis has not been well studied from human in northeastern China. In this study, a total of 342 fecal specimens were collected from residents living in five villages in Heilongjiang Province and analyzed for the presence of C. sinensis by PCR amplification and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) and ITS2 regions of nuclear ribosomal DNA. 21.64% (74/342) of fecal samples were found to be positive for C. sinensis by PCR. The sequences of the ITS1 region in 34 of the 74 samples (45.95%) matched that of MK179278, Genetic polymorphisms were observed at six nucleotide sites. The ITS2 gene sequence of 37 of the 74 samples (50%) matched that of MK179281. In conclusion, a low degree of genetic diversity between C. sinensis isolates from China and different geographical regions was found at ITS loci. Despite this conservation, sequencing of the rDNA region has provided important data that will be useful for future studies addressing the molecular evolution, biology, medical implications and ecology of C. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Beibei Sun
- Department of Parasitology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qiaoran Tang
- Department of Parasitology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Su Han
- Department of Parasitology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Tan L, Wang AB, Zheng SQ, Zhang XL, Huang CJ, Liu W. Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of Taenia multiceps from China. Acta Parasitol 2018; 63:721-727. [PMID: 30367774 DOI: 10.1515/ap-2018-0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Taenia multiceps, one of the most widely distributed zoonotic tapeworm parasites, is able to parasitize the small intestine of canids. The metacestode of T.multiceps is fatal to ruminants and causes important economic losses in livestock. However, molecular characteristics of T.multiceps and coenurus in China are still unclear. In this study, 36 goat isolates of the coenurus stage and 18 dog isolates of the adult stage of T.multiceps were obtained from three geographical areas in China and the isolated parasite above were analyzed by amplifying the partial of cytochrome coxidase subunit 1(pcox1), 12S ribosomal RNA (12S rRNA) from mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) regions and an internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of ribosomal DNA (rDNA). These DNA sequences obtained from T.multiceps and coenurus were employed to evaluate the nucleotide diversity and confirm the relationship between T.multiceps and coenurus. Sequences variation were 0-1.4%, 0-1.5%, 0-4.2% for pcox1, 12S rRNA and ITS, respectively, among T.multiceps and coenurus isolates obtained in this study. In Sichuan province, sequence variations for Coenurus cerebralis isolated from Yaan city were 0-1.4% for pcox1, 0-1.0% for 12S rRNA and 0-2.1% for ITS. In Hunan province, variations were 0-1.0%, 0-1.5% and 0-3.3% for corresponding genes for non-coenurus cerebralis isolated from Changsha city, while variations of T.multiceps isolates from Xiangxi autonomous prefecture were 0-1.0%, 0-1.1% and 0-3.4% for pcox1, 12S rRNA and ITS, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis based on pcox1 sequences indicated that all cerebral and noncerebral metacestodes belong to T.multiceps. These results provide reference values for future molecular epidemiological and biological study on T.multiceps in dogs and intermediate hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Tan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410128, PR China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, Changsha, Hunan Province 410128, PR China
- R & D Center for Animal Reverse Vaccinology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - A B Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410128, PR China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, Changsha, Hunan Province 410128, PR China
- R & D Center for Animal Reverse Vaccinology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - S Q Zheng
- Animal Husbandry and Fisbery Bureau of Leiyang, Hunan Province 421800, PR China
| | - X L Zhang
- Animal Husbandry and Fisbery Bureau of Leiyang, Hunan Province 421800, PR China
| | - C J Huang
- Animal Husbandry and Fisbery Bureau of Leiyang, Hunan Province 421800, PR China
| | - W Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410128, PR China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, Changsha, Hunan Province 410128, PR China
- R & D Center for Animal Reverse Vaccinology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province, PR China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642, PR China
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12
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Jeon HK, Huh S, Sohn WM, Chai JY, Eom KS. Molecular Genetic Findings of Spirometra decipiens and S. ranarum in Korea. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2018; 56:359-364. [PMID: 30196668 PMCID: PMC6137302 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2018.56.4.359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The taxonomy of Spirometra species has been controversial despite the medical and veterinary importance. Currently, only a few Spirometra species are considered valid species in the genus Spirometra. In the present study, the distribution of Spirometra species obtained from animals in Korea were identified by molecular analysis of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (cox1) gene. A total of 28 Spirometra species specimens were analyzed. These were all collected between 1973 and 2008 in the Republic of Korea. Mitochondrial cox1 sequences were examined for a total of 28 specimens comprising 14 S. decipiens and 14 S. ranarum. The difference in partial cox1 sequences (316 bp) between S. erinaceieuropaei (KJ599680) and S. ranarum (this study) was 9.3%, while that between S. decipiens (KJ599679) and S. ranarum (this study) was 2.2%. Genetic analyses identified 2 Spirometra species in animals such as cat, leopard cat, dog, duck and snake in Korea as S. decipiens and S. ranarum. S. decipiens and S. ranarum were present in Gyeongnam Province (P), Jeonnam P, Gangwon P, Chungbuk P, and Seoul. S. decipiens was found in tadpoles, snakes, ducks, cats, leopard cats and dogs, while S. ranarum was found in cats and dogs. The ratio of S. decipiens:S. ranarum calculated from the molecular data was 14:14 (or 1:1). These results indicate that S. decipiens and S. ranarum are sympatrically distributed in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong-Kyu Jeon
- Department of Parasitology, Parasite Research Center and Parasite Resource Bank, Chungbuk National University School of Medicine, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Sun Huh
- Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Woon-Mok Sohn
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea
| | - Jong-Yil Chai
- Korea Association of Health Promotion, Seoul 07549, and Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Keeseon S Eom
- Department of Parasitology, Parasite Research Center and Parasite Resource Bank, Chungbuk National University School of Medicine, Cheongju 28644, Korea
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13
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Jeon HK, Kim KH, Sohn WM, Eom KS. Differential Diagnosis of Human Sparganosis Using Multiplex PCR. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2018; 56:295-300. [PMID: 29996635 PMCID: PMC6046560 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2018.56.3.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Human sparganosis was diagnosed by morphological and genetic analyses in Korea. The complete mitochondrial genomes of Spirometra erinaceieuropaei and S. decipiens isolated in Korea have been recorded. Present study was performed to provide information to diagnose the etiologic agent of sparganosis by multiplex PCR using mitochondrial genome sequences of S. erinaceieuropaei and S. decipiens. In an effort to examine the differential diagnosis of spirometrid tapeworms, multiplex PCR assays were performed on plerocercoid larvae of S. erinaceieuropaei and S. decipiens. The PCR products obtained using species-specific primers were positively detected in all PCR assays on mixture of S. erinaceieuropaei and S. decipiens DNA. S. erinaceieuropaei-specific bands (239 bp and 401 bp) were obtained from all PCR assays using a mixture of S. erinaceieuropaei-specific primers (Se/Sd-1800F and Se-2018R; Se/Sd-7955F and Se-8356R) and S. erinaceieuropaei template DNA. S. decipiens-specific bands (540 bp and 644 bp) were also detected in all PCR assays containing mixtures of S. decipiens-specific primers (Se/Sd-1800F and Sd-2317R; Se/Sd-7955F and Sd-8567R) and S. decipiens template DNA. Sequence analyses on these species-specific bands revealed 100% sequence identity with homologous regions of the mtDNA sequences of S. erinaceieuropaei and S. decipiens. The multiplex PCR assay was useful for differential diagnosis of human sparganosis by detecting different sizes in species-specific bands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong-Kyu Jeon
- Department of Parasitology, Parasite Research Center and Parasite Resource Bank, Chungbuk National University School of Medicine, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Kyu-Heon Kim
- Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju 28159, Korea
| | - Woon-Mok Sohn
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea
| | - Keeseon S Eom
- Department of Parasitology, Parasite Research Center and Parasite Resource Bank, Chungbuk National University School of Medicine, Cheongju 28644, Korea
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14
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Zhang Y, Zhao W, Yang D, Tian Y, Zhang W, Liu A. Genetic characterization of three mitochondrial gene sequences of goat/sheep-derived coenurus cerebralis and cysticercus tenuicollis isolates in Inner Mongolia, China. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 25:1. [PMID: 29350180 PMCID: PMC5774970 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2018002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Taenia multiceps and Taenia hydatigena are widely distributed tapeworms of canids. Due to a lack of genetic information on these two parasites in China, in this study we analyzed six coenurus cerebralis and two cysticercus tenuicollis cysts from goats or sheep in Inner Mongolia, northern China by amplifying three mitochondrial genes (cox1, nad4, and cytb). Two haplotypes were obtained at each locus for either of the two Taenia cestode species, with ten nucleotide sequences being novel. The degrees of genetic variations were 1.18%, 0.61% and 0.52% for coenurus cerebralis, and 0.24%, 0.46% and 0.35% for cysticercus tenuicollis at the cox1, nad4 and cytb loci, respectively. This is the first molecular description of animal-derived metacestodes of T. multiceps and T. hydatigena in Inner Mongolia, China. Novel nucleotide sequences might reflect endemic genetic characterization of the two cestodes. The present data are useful to explore the biological and epidemiological significance of intra-specific variations within both Taenia cestodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichi Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, Harbin Medical University China; Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Infection and Immunity; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Pathogen Biology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Parasitology, Harbin Medical University China; Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Infection and Immunity; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Pathogen Biology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China
| | - Di Yang
- Department of Parasitology, Harbin Medical University China; Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Infection and Immunity; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Pathogen Biology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Department of MRI Scanning Room, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, PR China
| | - Weizhe Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, Harbin Medical University China; Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Infection and Immunity; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Pathogen Biology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China
| | - Aiqin Liu
- Department of Parasitology, Harbin Medical University China; Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Infection and Immunity; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Pathogen Biology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China
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15
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Amer S, ElKhatam A, Fukuda Y, Bakr LI, Zidan S, Elsify A, Mohamed MA, Tada C, Nakai Y. Prevalence and Identity of Taenia multiceps cysts "Coenurus cerebralis" in Sheep in Egypt. Acta Trop 2017; 176:270-276. [PMID: 28823911 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Coenurosis is a parasitic disease caused by the larval stage (Coenurus cerebralis) of the canids cestode Taenia multiceps. C. cerebralis particularly infects sheep and goats, and pose a public health concerns. The present study aimed to determine the occurrence and molecular identity of C. cerebralis infecting sheep in Egypt. Infection rate was determined by postmortem inspection of heads of the cases that showed neurological manifestations. Species identification and genetic diversity were analyzed based on PCR-sequence analysis of nuclear ITS1 and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase (COI) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase (ND1) gene markers. Out of 3668 animals distributed in 50 herds at localities of Ashmoun and El Sadat cities, El Menoufia Province, Egypt, 420 (11.45%) sheep showed neurological disorders. Postmortem examination of these animals after slaughter at local abattoirs indicated to occurrence of C. cerebralis cysts in the brain of 111 out of 420 (26.4%), with overall infection rate 3.03% of the involved sheep population. Molecular analysis of representative samples of coenuri at ITS1 gene marker showed extensive intra- and inter-sequence diversity due to deletions/insertions in the microsatellite regions. On contrast to the nuclear gene marker, considerably low genetic diversity was seen in the analyzed mitochondrial gene markers. Phylogenetic analysis based on COI and ND1 gene sequences indicated that the generated sequences in the present study and the reference sequences in the database clustered in 4 haplogroups, with more or less similar topologies. Clustering pattern of the phylogenetic tree showed no effect for the geographic location or the host species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said Amer
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kafr El Sheikh University, Kafr El Sheikh, 33516, Egypt; Laboratory of Sustainable Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 232-3 Yomogida, Naruko-onsen, Osaki, Miyagi, 989-6711, Japan.
| | - Ahmed ElKhatam
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Yasuhiro Fukuda
- Laboratory of Sustainable Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 232-3 Yomogida, Naruko-onsen, Osaki, Miyagi, 989-6711, Japan
| | - Lamia I Bakr
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, El Gharbya, Egypt
| | - Shereif Zidan
- Department of Animal Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Elsify
- Department of Animal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Menoufia, 32897, Egypt
| | - Mostafa A Mohamed
- Department of pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt
| | - Chika Tada
- Laboratory of Sustainable Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 232-3 Yomogida, Naruko-onsen, Osaki, Miyagi, 989-6711, Japan
| | - Yutaka Nakai
- Laboratory of Sustainable Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 232-3 Yomogida, Naruko-onsen, Osaki, Miyagi, 989-6711, Japan.
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16
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Shamsaddini S, Mohammadi MA, Mirbadie SR, Rostami S, Dehghani M, Sadeghi B, Harandi MF. A conventional PCR for differentiating common taeniid species of dogs based on in silico microsatellite analysis. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2017; 59:e66. [PMID: 28876418 PMCID: PMC5587035 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946201759066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine taeniids are among the major tapeworms with remarkable medical and economic significance. Reliable diagnosis and differentiation of dog taeniids using simple and sensitive tools are of paramount importance for establishing an efficient surveillance system. Microsatellites as abundant unique tandem repeats of short DNA motifs are useful genetic markers for molecular epidemiological studies. The purpose of the present study was to find a primer pair for rapid differentiation of major tapeworms of dogs, Taenia hydatigena, T. multiceps, T. ovis and Echinococcus granulosus, by screening existing nucleotide data. All the mitochondrial genome records as well as non-coding ITS1 sequences of Taeniidae species were downloaded from Nucleotide database from NCBI. For prediction and analysis of potential loci of STR/SSR in ITS1 as well as mitochondrial regions, we used ChloroMitoSSRDB 2.0 and GMATo v1.2. software. Different tapeworm species were categorized according to different motif sequences and type and size of each microsatellite locus. Three primer sets were designed and tested for differentiating taeniid species and evaluated in a conventional PCR system. Four taeniid species were successfully differentiated using a primer pair in a simple conventional PCR system. We predicted 2-19 and 1-4 microsatellite loci in ITS1 and mitochondrial genome, respectively. In ITS1, 41 Di and 21 Tri motifs were found in the taeniids while the majority of the motifs in the mitochondrial genome were Tetra (89) and Tri (70). It is documented that the number and diversity of microsatellite loci is higher in nuclear ITS1 region than mostly coding mitochondrial genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeedeh Shamsaddini
- Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Kerman, Iran
| | | | | | - Sima Rostami
- Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Dietary Supplements and Probiotics Research Center, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mansoureh Dehghani
- Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Kerman, Iran
| | - Balal Sadeghi
- Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health, Kerman, Iran
| | - Majid Fasihi Harandi
- Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Kerman, Iran
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17
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Characterization of the complete nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences of Eurytrema pancreaticum. J Helminthol 2017; 92:484-490. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x17000554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
AbstractEurytrema pancreaticum is one of the most common trematodes of cattle and sheep, and also infects humans occasionally, causing great economic losses and medical costs. In this study, the sequences of the complete nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) repeat units of five E. pancreaticum individuals were determined for the first time. They were 8306–8310 bp in length, including the small subunit (18S) rDNA, internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1), 5.8S rDNA, internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2), large subunit (28S) rDNA and intergenic spacer (IGS). There were no length variations in any of the investigated 18S (1996 bp), ITS1 (1103 bp), 5.8S (160 bp), ITS2 (231 bp) or 28S (3669 bp) rDNA sequences, whereas the IGS rDNA sequences of E. pancreaticum had a 4-bp length variation, ranging from 1147 to 1151 bp. The intraspecific variations within E. pancreaticum were 0–0.2% for 18S rDNA, 0–0.5% for ITS1, 0% for 5.8S rDNA and ITS2, 0–0.2% for 28S rDNA and 2.9–20.2% for IGS. There were nine types of repeat sequences in ITS1, two types in 28S rDNA, but none in IGS. A phylogenetic analysis based on the 18S rDNA sequences classified E. pancreaticum in the family Dicrocoeliidae of Plagiorchiata, closely related to the suborder Opisthorchiata. These results provide useful information for the further study of Dicrocoeliidae trematodes.
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Duan H, Gao JF, Su X, Fu X, Yue DM, Gao Y, Qiu JH, Wang CR. Genetic variation between and within Triodontophorus brevicauda and Triodontophorus nipponicus revealed by analyses of mtDNA and rDNA gene sequences. Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2016; 28:570-574. [PMID: 27159713 DOI: 10.3109/24701394.2016.1157867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Triodontophorus spp. parasitizes the large intestine of equine, causing strongylid diseases. The present study assessed genetic variation in five gene regions within and between Triodontophorus brevicauda and Triodontophorus nipponicus from Heilongjiang Province and the Inner Mongolia Autonomous region. The five gene markers were three mitochondrial (mt) genes, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (cox1), NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (nad5), cytochrome b (cytb); and two ribosomal RNA genes, the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) and the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2). Partial (p) sequences of cox1, nad5, cytb and the complete ITS rDNA region were PCR amplified from individual nematodes, and the amplicons were subjected to sequencing in both directions. The size of the three mt genes is identical in both species: 761 bp (p cox1), 505 bp (pnad5) and 562 bp (pcytb); the length of the two ribosomal genes is different: 376 bp and 370 bp (ITS1), and 333 bp and 322 bp (ITS2), respectively. Intraspecific variation between T. brevicauda and T. nipponicus was 0-1.5% and 0-1.1% for pcox1, 0-2.0% and 0-2.0% for pnad5, 0-1.4% and 0-2.2% for pcytb, 0-0.8% and 0-1.1% for ITS1 and 0-0.9% and 0-2.2% for ITS2. Interspecific variation within the nematodes was 13.5-14.3% for pcox1, 15.5-18.7% for pnad5, 16.7-18.6% for pcytb, 11.5-13.1% for ITS1 and 16.0-18.4% for ITS2. Phylogenetic analyses based on the combined mt gene sequences, as well as with the ITS sequences, show each species forming a monophyletic group of individuals. However, samples of different species from the same geographical origin did not always cluster together. These results provide valuable information for further studies of systematics and population genetics of the genus Triodontophorus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Duan
- a College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University , Daqing , Heilongjiang Province , PR China
| | - Jun-Feng Gao
- a College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University , Daqing , Heilongjiang Province , PR China
| | - Xin Su
- a College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University , Daqing , Heilongjiang Province , PR China
| | - Xue Fu
- a College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University , Daqing , Heilongjiang Province , PR China
| | - Dong-Mei Yue
- a College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University , Daqing , Heilongjiang Province , PR China
| | - Yuan Gao
- a College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University , Daqing , Heilongjiang Province , PR China
| | - Jian-Hua Qiu
- a College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University , Daqing , Heilongjiang Province , PR China
| | - Chun-Ren Wang
- a College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University , Daqing , Heilongjiang Province , PR China
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19
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Fu Y, Li W, Duo H, Guo Z, Dang Z, Shen X, Peng M, Zhang Y. Morphological and molecular characterization of Oestromyia leporina (Pallas, 1778) (Diptera: Hypodermatinae) from wild plateau pikas(Ochotona curzoniae) in Qinghai province, China. Exp Parasitol 2016; 161:27-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2015.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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20
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Zhang X, Wang H, Cui J, Jiang P, Fu GM, Zhong K, Zhang ZF, Wang ZQ. Characterisation of the relationship between Spirometra erinaceieuropaei and Diphyllobothrium species using complete cytb and cox1 genes. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2015.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Liu Q, Li MW, Wang ZD, Zhao GH, Zhu XQ. Human sparganosis, a neglected food borne zoonosis. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2015; 15:1226-1235. [PMID: 26364132 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(15)00133-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Human sparganosis is a food borne zoonosis caused by the plerocercoid larvae (spargana) of various diphyllobothroid tapeworms of the genus Spirometra. Human infections are acquired by ingesting the raw or undercooked meat of snakes or frogs, drinking untreated water, or using raw flesh in traditional poultices. More than 1600 cases of sparganosis have been documented worldwide, mostly in east and southeast Asia. Sporadic cases have been reported in South America, Europe, and Africa, and several cases have been described in travellers returning from endemic regions. Epidemiological data suggest that the increased effect of sparganosis on human health is because of greater consumption of raw meat of freshwater frogs and snakes. This Review provides information about the Spirometra parasites and their lifecycles, summarises clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of human sparganosis, and describes geographical distribution and infection characteristics of Spirometra parasites in host animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China; Military Veterinary Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ming-Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural College, Guangdong Ocean University, Huguangyan, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ze-Dong Wang
- Military Veterinary Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Guang-Hui Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xing-Quan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China.
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The complete mitochondrial genomes of five Eimeria species infecting domestic rabbits. Exp Parasitol 2015; 159:67-71. [PMID: 26358270 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Rabbit coccidiosis caused by members of the genus Eimeria can cause enormous economic impact worldwide, but the genetics, epidemiology and biology of these parasites remain poorly understood. In the present study, we sequenced and annotated the complete mitochondrial (mt) genomes of five Eimeria species that commonly infect the domestic rabbits. The complete mt genomes of Eimeria intestinalis, Eimeria flavescens, Eimeria media, Eimeria vejdovskyi and Eimeria irresidua were 6261bp, 6258bp, 6168bp, 6254bp, 6259bp in length, respectively. All of the mt genomes consist of 3 genes for proteins (cytb, cox1, and cox3), 14 gene fragments for the large subunit (LSU) rRNA and 11 gene fragments for the small subunit (SSU) rRNA, but no transfer RNA (tRNA) genes. The gene order of the mt genomes is similar to that of Plasmodium, but distinct from Haemosporida and Theileria. Phylogenetic analyses based on full nucleotide sequences using Bayesian analysis revealed that the monophyly of the Eimeria of rabbits was strongly statistically supported with a Bayesian posterior probabilities. These data provide novel mtDNA markers for studying the population genetics and molecular epidemiology of the Eimeria species, and should have implications for the molecular diagnosis, prevention and control of coccidiosis in rabbits.
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Boufana B, Scala A, Lahmar S, Pointing S, Craig PS, Dessì G, Zidda A, Pipia AP, Varcasia A. A preliminary investigation into the genetic variation and population structure of Taenia hydatigena from Sardinia, Italy. Vet Parasitol 2015; 214:67-74. [PMID: 26296591 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Cysticercosis caused by the metacestode stage of Taenia hydatigena is endemic in Sardinia. Information on the genetic variation of this parasite is important for epidemiological studies and implementation of control programs. Using two mitochondrial genes, the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) and the NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (ND1) we investigated the genetic variation and population structure of Cysticercus tenuicollis from Sardinian intermediate hosts and compared it to that from other hosts from various geographical regions. The parsimony cox1 network analysis indicated the existence of a common lineage for T. hydatigena and the overall diversity and neutrality indices indicated demographic expansion. Using the cox1 sequences, low pairwise fixation index (Fst) values were recorded for Sardinian, Iranian and Palestinian sheep C. tenuicollis which suggested the absence of genetic differentiation. Using the ND1 sequences, C. tenuicollis from Sardinian sheep appeared to be differentiated from those of goat and pig origin. In addition, goat C. tenuicollis were genetically different from adult T. hydatigena as indicated by the statistically significant Fst value. Our results are consistent with biochemical and morphological studies that suggest the existence of variants of T. hydatigena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belgees Boufana
- Cestode Zoonoses Research Group, School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, M5 4WT Greater Manchester, UK.
| | - Antonio Scala
- Laboratorio di Parassitologia, Ospedale Didattico Veterinario, Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Italy
| | - Samia Lahmar
- Parasitology Laboratory, National School of Veterinary Medicine, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Steve Pointing
- Department of Agriculture, FIQQ 1ZZ Stanley, Falkland Islands
| | - Philip S Craig
- Cestode Zoonoses Research Group, School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, M5 4WT Greater Manchester, UK
| | - Giorgia Dessì
- Laboratorio di Parassitologia, Ospedale Didattico Veterinario, Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Italy
| | - Antonella Zidda
- Laboratorio di Parassitologia, Ospedale Didattico Veterinario, Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Italy
| | - Anna Paola Pipia
- Laboratorio di Parassitologia, Ospedale Didattico Veterinario, Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Italy
| | - Antonio Varcasia
- Laboratorio di Parassitologia, Ospedale Didattico Veterinario, Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Italy
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Braae UC, Kabululu M, Nørmark ME, Nejsum P, Ngowi HA, Johansen MV. Taenia hydatigena cysticercosis in slaughtered pigs, goats, and sheep in Tanzania. Trop Anim Health Prod 2015. [PMID: 26210397 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-015-0892-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have been carried out in Africa to estimate the prevalence of Taenia hydatigena. With the aim to determine the prevalence of T. hydatigena in slaughtered pigs and small ruminants (goats and sheep) in Mbeya, Tanzania, two cross-sectional surveys were carried out investigating pigs in April to May 2014 and small ruminants in September 2012. In total, 243 pigs were examined post-mortem for T. hydatigena cysts which were found in 16 (6.6 %) pigs. The majority (80 %) of cysts were found on the omentum and the rest on the liver (20 %), all on the visceral surface. Two pigs were also found infected with Taenia solium but showed no signs of other infections. A total of 392 goats and 27 sheep were examined post-mortem, and the prevalence of T. hydatigena was similar in goats and sheep with 45.7 and 51.9 %, respectively. DNA sequencing of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene (cox1) from a subsample of metacestodes from goats and sheep confirmed the T. hydatigena infection. The prevalence found in small ruminants was comparable to other studies conducted in Africa, but for pigs, it is one of the highest recorded to date. The present study also confirms the occurrence of T. hydatigena and T. solium in pigs from Mbeya. Further studies are needed to determine the impact of T. hydatigena on production under sub-Saharan conditions and the financial consequences for smallholder farmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uffe Christian Braae
- Section for Parasitology and Aquatic Diseases, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 100, DK-1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Mwemezi Kabululu
- Tanzania Livestock Research Institute (TALIRI), Uyole, P.O. Box 6191, Mbeya, Tanzania.,Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3019, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Michelle Elisabeth Nørmark
- Section for Parasitology and Aquatic Diseases, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 100, DK-1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Peter Nejsum
- Section for Parasitology and Aquatic Diseases, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 100, DK-1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Helena Aminel Ngowi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3021, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Maria Vang Johansen
- Section for Parasitology and Aquatic Diseases, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 100, DK-1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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Zhang X, Cui J, Liu LN, Jiang P, Wang H, Qi X, Wu XQ, Wang ZQ. Genetic structure analysis of Spirometra erinaceieuropaei isolates from central and southern China. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119295. [PMID: 25793277 PMCID: PMC4368571 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sparganosis caused by invasion of the plerocercoid larvae (spargana) of Spirometra erinaceieuropaei have increased in recent years in China. However, the population genetic structure regarding this parasite is still unclear. In this study, we used the sequences of two mitochondrial genes cytochrome b (cytb) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (cox1) to analyze genetic variation and phylogeographic structure of the S. erinaceieuropaei populations. Methodology/Principal Findings A total of 88 S. erinaceieuropaei isolates were collected from naturally infected frogs in 14 geographical locations of China. The complete cytb and cox1 genes of each sample was amplified and sequenced. Total 61 haplotypes were found in these 88 concatenated sequences. Each sampled population and the total population have high haplotype diversity (Hd), accompanied by very low nucleotide diversity (Pi). Phylogenetic analyses of haplotypes revealed two distinct clades (HeN+HuN+GZ-AS clade and GX+HN+GZ-GY clade) corresponding two sub-networks yielded by the median-joining network. Pairwise FST values supported great genetic differentiation between S. erinaceieuropaei populations. Both negative Fu’s FS value of neutrality tests and unimodal curve of mismatch distribution analyses supported demographic population expansion in the HeN+HuN+GZ-AS clade. The BEAST analysis showed that the divergence time between the two clades took place in the early Pleistocene (1.16 Myr), and by Bayesian skyline plot (BSP) an expansion occurred after about 0.3 Myr ago. Conclusions S. erinaceieuropaei from central and southern China has significant phylogeographic structure, and climatic oscillations during glacial periods in the Quaternary may affect the demography and diversification of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jing Cui
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- * E-mail: (ZQW); (JC)
| | - Li Na Liu
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xin Qi
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xing Qi Wu
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhong Quan Wang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- * E-mail: (ZQW); (JC)
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Sequence variability in internal transcribed spacers of nuclear ribosomal DNA among isolates of the oxyurid nematodes Syphacia obvelata and Aspiculuris tetraptera from mice reared in laboratories in China. J Helminthol 2015; 90:81-5. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x1400087x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis study examined sequence variability in internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA among Syphacia obvelata and Aspiculuris tetraptera isolates from laboratory mice from different geographical locations in China. ITS1, 5.8S and ITS2 rDNA were amplified separately from adult S. obvelata and A. tetraptera individuals by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the amplicons were subjected to sequencing from both directions. The lengths of the sequences of ITS1, 5.8S and ITS2 rDNA from both nematodes were 314 bp and 456 bp, 157 bp, and 273 bp and 419 bp, respectively. The intraspecific sequence variations in S. obvelata ITS1 were 0–0.3%. For A. tetraptera they were 0–0.7% in ITS1 and 0–1.0% in ITS2. However, the interspecific sequence differences among members of the infraorder Oxyuridomorpha were significantly higher, being 54.0–65.5% for ITS1 and 55.3–64.1% for ITS2. Phylogenetic analysis based on the combined partial sequences of ITS1 and ITS2 using three inference methods – Bayesian inference, maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony – revealed that all the S. obvelata and A. tetraptera samples formed independent monophyletic groups. Syphacia obvelata was closer to Syphacia muris than to A. tetraptera, consistent with morphological classification. These results demonstrate that ITS1 and ITS2 rDNA sequences are useful markers for population genetic studies of oxyurid nematodes.
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Sequence variation in two mitochondrial DNA regions and internal transcribed spacer among isolates of the nematode Oesophagostomum asperum originating from goats in Hunan Province, China. J Helminthol 2014; 90:1-6. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x14000650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe present study examined sequence variability in two mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) regions, namely cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (nad1), and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) among Oesophagostomum asperum isolates from goats in Hunan Province, China. A portion of the cox1 (pcox1), nad1 (pnad1) genes and the ITS (ITS1+5.8S rDNA+ITS2) rDNA were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) separately from adult O. asperum individuals and the representative amplicons were subjected to sequencing from both directions. The lengths of pcox1, pnad1 and ITS rDNA were 366 bp, 681 bp and 785 bp, respectively. The A+T contents of gene sequences were 71.5–72% for pcox1, 73.7–74.2% for pnad1 and 58–58.8% for ITS rDNA. Intra-specific sequence variations within O. asperum were 0–1.6% for pcox1, 0–1.9% for pnad1 and 0–1.7% for ITS rDNA, while inter-specific sequence differences among members of the genus Oesophagostomum were significantly higher, being 11.1–12.5%, 13.3–17.7% and 8.5–18.6% for pcox1, pnad1 and ITS rDNA, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses using combined sequences of pcox1 and pnad1, with three different computational algorithms (Bayesian inference, maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony), revealed distinct groups with high statistical support. These findings demonstrated the existence of intra-specific variation in mtDNA and rDNA sequences among O. asperum isolates from goats in Hunan Province, China, and have implications for studying molecular epidemiology and population genetics of O. asperum.
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Characterization of the complete nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences of Paramphistomum cervi. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:751907. [PMID: 25140347 PMCID: PMC4129167 DOI: 10.1155/2014/751907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sequences of the complete nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) gene from five individual Paramphistomum cervi were determined for the first time. The five complete rDNA sequences, which included the 18S rDNA, the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1), the 5.8S rDNA, the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2), the 28S rDNA, and the intergenic spacer (IGS) regions, had a length range of 8,493–10,221 bp. The lengths of the investigated 18S, ITS1, 5.8S, ITS2, and 28S rDNA sequences, which were 1,994 bp, 1,293 bp, 157 bp, 286 bp, and 4,186 bp, respectively, did not vary. However, the IGS rDNA sequences had a length range of 577–2,305 bp. The 5.8S and ITS-2 rDNA sequences had 100% identity among the five investigated samples, while the identities among the IGS had a range of 53.7–99.8%. A comparative analysis revealed that different types and numbers of repeats were found within each ITS1 and IGS region, which may be related to the length polymorphism of IGS. The phylogenetic position of P. cervi in Paramphistomatidae was analyzed based on the 18S rDNA sequences. These results will aid in studying the intra- and interspecific variation of the Paramphistomatidae and the systematics and phylogenetics of Digenea.
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Levels of sparganum infections and phylogenetic analysis of the tapeworm Spirometra erinaceieuropaei sparganum in wild frogs from Henan Province in central China. J Helminthol 2014; 89:433-8. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x14000248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractSparganosis is a serious food-borne parasitic zoonosis caused by infection with Spirometra spargana. The prevalence of sparganum infection in wild frogs (Rana nigromaculata, R. limmochari, R. temporaria and Bufo gargarizans) was investigated in Henan Province of central China during 2008–2012. Of 3482 caught wild frogs, 565 (16.23%) were found to be infected with plerocercoids (spargana) of the genus Spirometra. Spargana were found in 14.85% (320/2155) of R. nigromaculata, 20.82% (233/1119) of R. limmochari and 10.91% (12/110) of R. temporaria frogs. However, no sparganum was found in B. gargarizans. To investigate the phylogenetic position of collected spargana, three mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) regions, namely cytochrome c oxidase subunits 1 and 3 (cox1 and cox3), and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 (nad4), were amplified, sequenced and analysed. Sequences of cox1, cox3 and pnad4 were 417, 390 and 578 bp in length, respectively. The base composition of cox1, cox3 and pnad4 were generally AT rich with a mean of 63.5%, 68.3% and 67% AT, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all the sparganum isolates in Henan Province represented Spirometra erinaceieuropaei and were a well-supported clade. These findings demonstrated clearly the usefulness of the three mtDNA sequences for molecular identification and population genetics studies of S. erinaceieuropaei spargana of human and animal health significance.
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Sheng L, Cui P, Fang SF, Lin RQ, Zou FC, Zhu XQ. Sequence variability in four mitochondrial genes among rabbit pinworm (Passalurus ambiguus) isolates from different localities in China. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 26:501-4. [PMID: 24409849 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2013.855898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Passalurus ambiguus is a common pinworm which parasitizes in the caecum and colon of rabbits. This study examined genetic variability among P. ambiguus isolated from naturally infected rabbits in four different provinces in China. The partial mitochondrial (mt) cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (pcox1), cytochrome b (pcytb) and NADH dehydrogenase subunits 1 and 5 (pnad1 and pnad5) were amplified separately from individual nematodes by PCR and sequenced. The results showed that pcox1, pcytb, pnad1 and pnad5 were 714, 663, 645 and 546 bp in length, respectively. The intra-specific sequence variations within P. ambiguus were 0-1.1% for pcox1, 0-1.2% for pcytb, 0-0.6% for pnad1 and 0-1.3% for pnad5, whereas inter-specific sequence differences with other members of the Oxyuridae were 16.2-17.3% for pcox1, 27.8-30.4% for pcytb, 20.2-24.0% for pnad1 and 27.1-30.3% for pnad5. Phylogenetic analyses using Bayesian inference (BI), maximum likelihood (ML) and maximum parsimony (MP) methods, based on the combined sequences of the four partial mtDNA sequences, revealed that all the P. ambiguus samples form monophyletic groups. This study demonstrated the existence of low-level intra-specific variation in cox1, cytb, nad1 and nad5 genes among P. ambiguus isolates from different geographic regions in China, and these four mtDNA sequences can be used as genetic markers for the population genetic studies of P. ambiguus, as well as the differentiation of P. ambiguus from other oxyurid nematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Sheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University , Kunming, Yunnan Province , People's Republic of China
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Lou Y, Zhang Y, Qiu JH, Gao JF, Wang WT, Xiao JY, Chang QC, Wang CR. Sequence variability in four mitochondrial genes among pinworm Aspicularis tetraptera isolates from laboratory mice in four provinces, China. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 26:431-4. [PMID: 24397763 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2013.855736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This research aimed at exploring sequence variability in four mitochondrial (mt) genes, namely, cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1), cytochrome b (cytb) and NADH dehydrogenase subunits 1 and 5 (nad1 and nad5), among pinworm Aspicularis tetraptera isolates from laboratory mice in four different provinces, China. A part of the cox1 (pcox1), cytb (pcytb), nad1 and nad5 genes (pnad1 and pnad5) were amplified separately from individual pinworms by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequenced to determine sequence variations and examine their phylogenetic relationships. Herein, the intra-specific sequence variations within A. tetraptera were 0-0.5% for pcox1, 0-1.4% for pcytb, 0-1.8% for pnad1 and 0-1.7% for pnad5, respectively. In contrast, the inter-specific sequence differences among members of the Oxyuridae were significantly higher, being 13.7-17.0% for pcox1, 24.5-34.7% for pcytb, 26.6-29.6% for pnad1 and 24.4-25.5% for pnad5, respectively. Three methods, namely, Bayesian inference (BI), maximum likelihood (ML) and maximum parsimony (MP), were used for phylogenetic analyses based on the combined sequences of the four mt gene sequences, and the results indicated that all A. tetraptera samples form monophyletic groups, but samples from the same geographical origin did not always cluster together. This study demonstrated the existence of low-level intra-specific variation in four mtDNA sequences among A. tetraptera isolates from laboratory mice in different geographic regions in China, indicating no obvious geographical distinction among A. tetraptera isolates in China. These findings have important implications for studying systematics, molecular epidemiology and population genetics of A. tetraptera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lou
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University , Xinfeng Road, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province , People's Republic of China
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Chang QC, Gao JF, Sheng ZH, Lou Y, Zheng X, Wang CR. Sequence variability in three mitochondrial genes among four roundworm species from wild animals in China. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 26:75-8. [DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2013.823171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiao-Cheng Chang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Xinfeng Road, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China and
| | - Jun-Feng Gao
- Department of Parasitology, Heilongjiang Institute of Veterinary Science, Qiqihar, P. R. China
| | - Zhong-Hua Sheng
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Xinfeng Road, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China and
| | - Yan Lou
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Xinfeng Road, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China and
| | - Xu Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Xinfeng Road, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China and
| | - Chun-Ren Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Xinfeng Road, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China and
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Sequence variation in four mitochondrial genes among sibling species within Contracaecum rudolphii sensu lato. Mol Cell Probes 2013; 27:145-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2013.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 02/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Zhao ZH, Bian QQ, Ren WX, Cheng WY, Jia YQ, Fang YQ, Zhao GH. Genetic variability of Baylisascaris schroederi from the Qinling subspecies of the giant panda in China revealed by sequences of three mitochondrial genes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 25:212-7. [PMID: 23656289 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2013.792074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The present study examined the variations in three mitochondrial (mt) DNA sequences, namely cytochrome b (cytb), cytochrome c oxidase subunit 3 (cox3) and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (nad5), among Baylisascaris schroederi isolates from the Qinling subspecies of the giant panda in Shaanxi province, northwestern China. No differences in length were detected in the three mt fragments from different isolates. The intra-specific sequence variations within all B. schroederi samples were 0-2.6% for pcytb, 0-1.8% for pcox3 and 0-2.1% for pnad5, while the inter-specific sequence differences among members of the genus Baylisascaris were 8.2-15.2%, 6.2-15.9% and 8.4-16.0% for pcytb, pcox3, pnad5, respectively. A phylogenetic analysis of the combined sequences of pcytb, pcox3 and pnad 5 showed that all B. schroederi samples in the present study were located in two large clusters, with one cluster containing samples from giant pandas in Sichuan province. These findings provide basic information for further study of molecular epidemiology and control of B. schroederi infection in the Qinling subspecies of the giant panda and throughout China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Hui Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi Province , People's Republic of China
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Li WH, Jia WZ, Qu ZG, Xie ZZ, Luo JX, Yin H, Sun XL, Blaga R, Fu BQ. Molecular characterization of Taenia multiceps isolates from Gansu Province, China by sequencing of mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit 1. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2013; 51:197-201. [PMID: 23710087 PMCID: PMC3662063 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2013.51.2.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2012] [Revised: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A total of 16 Taenia multiceps isolates collected from naturally infected sheep or goats in Gansu Province, China were characterized by sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene. The complete cox1 gene was amplified for individual T. multiceps isolates by PCR, ligated to pMD18T vector, and sequenced. Sequence analysis indicated that out of 16 T. multiceps isolates 10 unique cox1 gene sequences of 1,623 bp were obtained with sequence variation of 0.12-0.68%. The results showed that the cox1 gene sequences were highly conserved among the examined T. multiceps isolates. However, they were quite different from those of the other Taenia species. Phylogenetic analysis based on complete cox1 gene sequences revealed that T. multiceps isolates were composed of 3 genotypes and distinguished from the other Taenia species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of the Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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Xiao JY, Gao JF, Cai LS, Dai Y, Yang CJ, Luo L, Agatsuma T, Wang CR. Genetic variation amongClonorchis sinensisisolates from different hosts and geographical locations revealed by sequence analysis of mitochondrial and ribosomal DNA regions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 24:559-64. [DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2013.770490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Characterization of Oesophagostomum asperum and O. columbianum by internal transcribed spacers of nuclear ribosomal DNA. J Helminthol 2012. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x12000764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIn the present study, the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) of Oesophagostomum asperum and O. columbianum were amplified and sequenced. The ITS-1, 5.8S and ITS-2 rDNA sequences of O. asperum were 374 bp, 153 bp and 259 bp in length, respectively, and the corresponding sequences of O. columbianum were 259, 153 and 218 bp in length, respectively. Sequence differences in the ITS-1 and ITS-2 rDNA between the two Oesophagostomum species were 9.5–10.2% and 12.7–13.9%, respectively. Sequence differences in the ITS-1 and ITS-2 rDNA among members of the genus Oesophagostomum were 2.5–11.6% and 6.8–22.3%, respectively. Based on genetic markers in the ITS rDNA, an effective polymerase chain reaction (PCR) approach was developed to differentiate O. columbianum from O. asperum with a sensitivity of 0.2 ng/μl DNA. Since accurate characterization of parasites at different taxonomic levels is essential for population genetic studies and control of parasitosis, the present findings have important implications for studying epidemiology, taxonomy and population biology, as well as for the control of oesophagostomiasis.
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Wang XY, Zhao GH, Liu GH, Li JY, Zhou DH, Xu MJ, Lin Q, Zhu XQ. Characterization ofDicrocoelium chinensisfrom domestic yaks in Gansu and Sichuan provinces, China, using genetic markers in two mitochondrial genes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2012.744974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Sequence variability in four mitochondrial genes among Bunostomum trigonocephalum isolates from four provinces in China. J Helminthol 2012; 87:416-21. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x12000570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe present study examined sequence variability in four mitochondrial genes, namely cytochrome c oxidase subunit (cox1), cytochrome b (cytb) and NADH dehydrogenase subunits 1 and 5 (nad1 and nad5), among Bunostomum trigonocephalum isolates from four different geographic regions in China. Ten B. trigonocephalum samples were collected from each of the four provinces (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Shaanxi and Yunnan), China. A part of the cox1 (pcox1), cytb (pcytb), nad1 and nad5 genes (pnad1 and pnad5) were amplified separately from individual hookworms by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and were subjected to direct sequencing in order to define sequence variations and their phylogenetic relationships. The intra-specific sequence variations within B. trigonocephalum were 0–1.9% for pcox1, 0–2.0% for pcytb, 0–1.6% for pnad1 and 0–1.7% for pnad5. The A+T contents of the sequences were 69.6–70.4% (pcox1), 71.9–72.7 (pcytb), 70.4–71.1% (pnad1) and 72.0–72.6% (pnad5). However, the inter-specific sequence differences among members of the family Ancylostomatidae were significantly higher, being 12.1–14.2% for pcox1, 13.7–16.0 for cytb, 17.6–19.4 for nad1 and 16.0–21.6 for nad5. Phylogenetic analyses based on the combined partial sequences of cox1, cytb, nad1 and nad5 using three inference methods, namely Bayesian inference (Bayes), maximum likelihood (ML) and maximum parsimony (MP), revealed that all the B. trigonocephalum samples form monophyletic groups, but samples from the same geographical origin did not always cluster together, suggesting that there was no obvious geographical distinction within B. trigonocephalum based on sequences of the four mtDNA genes. These results demonstrated the existence of low-level intra-specific variation in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences among B. trigonocephalum isolates from different geographic regions.
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Sequence variation in three mitochondrial DNA genes among isolates of Ascaridia galli originating from Guangdong, Hunan and Yunnan provinces, China. J Helminthol 2012; 87:371-5. [PMID: 23046568 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x12000326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined sequence variation in three mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genes, namely cytochrome c oxidase subunit 3 (cox3) and NADH dehydrogenase subunits 1 and 4 (nad1 and nad4), among Ascaridia galli isolates from different geographical localities in China. A portion of cox3 (pcox3), nad1 (pnad1) and nad4 (pnad4) genes were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) separately from adult A. galli individuals and the amplicons were subjected to sequencing from both directions. The length of the sequences of pcox3, pnad1 and pnad4 were 408 bp, 471 bp and 333 bp, respectively. The intraspecific sequence variations within A. galli were 0-1.7% for pcox3, 0-2.8% for pnad1 and 0-3.4% for pnad4. The A+T contents of the sequences were 67.16-67.65% (pcox3), 67.09-67.94% (pnad1) and 69.91-71.77% (pnad4). The interspecific sequence differences among members of the Ascaridida were significantly higher, being 13.2-30.9%, 12.8-29.0% and 15.1-34.1% for pcox3, pnad1 and pnad4, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses using combined sequences of pcox3, pnad1 and pnad4, with three different computational algorithms (Bayesian analysis, maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony), all revealed distinct groups with high statistical support. These findings demonstrated the existence of intraspecific variation in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences among A. galli isolates from different geographical regions in China, and have implications for studying molecular epidemiology and population genetics of A. galli.
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Wang Y, Liu GH, Li JY, Xu MJ, Ye YG, Zhou DH, Song HQ, Lin RQ, Zhu XQ. Genetic variability among Trichuris ovis isolates from different hosts in Guangdong Province, China revealed by sequences of three mitochondrial genes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 24:50-4. [PMID: 22928806 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2012.710210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This study examined sequence variation in three mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) regions, namely cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1), NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (nad5) and cytochrome b (cytb), among Trichuris ovis isolates from different hosts in Guangdong Province, China. A portion of the cox1 (pcox1), nad5 (pnad5) and cytb (pcytb) genes was amplified separately from individual whipworms by PCR, and was subjected to sequencing from both directions. The size of the sequences of pcox1, pnad5 and pcytb was 618, 240 and 464 bp, respectively. Although the intra-specific sequence variations within T. ovis were 0-0.8% for pcox1, 0-0.8% for pnad5 and 0-1.9% for pcytb, the inter-specific sequence differences among members of the genus Trichuris were significantly higher, being 24.3-26.5% for pcox1, 33.7-56.4% for pnad5 and 24.8-26.1% for pcytb, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses using combined sequences of pcox1, pnad5 and pcytb, with three different computational algorithms (maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference), indicated that all of the T. ovis isolates grouped together with high statistical support. These findings demonstrated the existence of intra-specific variation in mtDNA sequences among T. ovis isolates from different hosts, and have implications for studying molecular epidemiology and population genetics of T. ovis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, PR China
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Liu GH, Li C, Li JY, Zhou DH, Xiong RC, Lin RQ, Zou FC, Zhu XQ. Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Spirometra erinaceieuropaei (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidae) from China. Int J Biol Sci 2012; 8:640-9. [PMID: 22553464 PMCID: PMC3341605 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.4096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sparganosis, caused by the plerocercoid larvae of members of the genus Spirometra, can cause significant public health problem and considerable economic losses. In the present study, the complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence of Spirometra erinaceieuropaei from China was determined, characterized and compared with that of S. erinaceieuropaei from Japan. The gene arrangement in the mt genome sequences of S. erinaceieuropaei from China and Japan is identical. The identity of the mt genomes was 99.1% between S. erinaceieuropaei from China and Japan, and the complete mtDNA sequence of S. erinaceieuropaei from China is slightly shorter (2 bp) than that from Japan. Phylogenetic analysis of S. erinaceieuropaei with other representative cestodes using two different computational algorithms [Bayesian inference (BI) and maximum likelihood (ML)] based on concatenated amino acid sequences of 12 protein-coding genes, revealed that S. erinaceieuropaei is closely related to Diphyllobothrium spp., supporting classification based on morphological features. The present study determined the complete mtDNA sequences of S. erinaceieuropaei from China that provides novel genetic markers for studying the population genetics and molecular epidemiology of S. erinaceieuropaei in humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Hua Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410128, China
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Genetic variation among Clonorchis sinensis isolates from different geographic regions in China revealed by sequence analyses of four mitochondrial genes. J Helminthol 2011; 86:479-84. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x11000757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThe present study examined sequence variation in four mitochondrial (mt) genes, namely cytochrome c oxidase subunits 1 (cox1) and 2 (cox2), and NADH dehydrogenase subunits 1 and 2 (nad1 and nad2) among Clonorchis sinensis isolates from different endemic regions in China, and their phylogenetic relationships with other zoonotic trematodes were reconstructed. A portion of the cox1 and cox2 genes (pcox1 and pcox2), and nad1 and nad2 genes (pnad1 and pnad2) were amplified separately from individual liver flukes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the amplicons were subjected to sequencing from both directions. The intra-specific sequence variations within C. sinensis were 0–1.6% for pcox1, 0–1.4% for pcox2, 0–0.9% for pnad1 and 0–1.0% for pnad2. Phylogenetic analyses based on the combined sequences of pcox1, pcox2, pnad1 and pnad2 revealed that all the C. sinensis isolates grouped together and were closely related to Opisthorchis felineus. These findings revealed the existence of intra-specific variation in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences among C. sinensis isolates from different geographic regions, and demonstrated that mtDNA sequences provide reliable genetic markers for phylogenetic studies of zoonotic trematodes.
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