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Půža V, Machado RAR. Systematics and phylogeny of the entomopathogenic nematobacterial complexes Steinernema-Xenorhabdus and Heterorhabditis-Photorhabdus. ZOOLOGICAL LETTERS 2024; 10:13. [PMID: 39020388 PMCID: PMC11256433 DOI: 10.1186/s40851-024-00235-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Entomopathogenic nematodes of the genera Steinernema and Heterorhabditis, along with their bacterial symbionts from the genera Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus, respectively, are important biological control agents against agricultural pests. Rapid progress in the development of genomic tools has catalyzed a transformation of the systematics of these organisms, reshaping our understanding of their phylogenetic and cophlylogenetic relationships. In this review, we discuss the major historical events in the taxonomy and systematics of this group of organisms, highlighting the latest advancements in these fields. Additionally, we synthesize information on nematode-bacteria associations and assess the existing evidence regarding their cophylogenetic relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimír Půža
- Institute of Entomology, Biology centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, 37005, Czech Republic.
- Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, University of South Bohemia, Studentská 1668, České Budějovice, 37005, Czech Republic.
| | - Ricardo A R Machado
- Experimental Biology Research Group, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, 2000, Switzerland.
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Janardhan HN, Askary TH, Bhat AH, Rana A, Ahad I, Al-Qahtani WH. Morphological and molecular profiling of an entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema feltiae: Unlocking its biocontrol potential against vegetable insect pests. Zootaxa 2023; 5351:202-220. [PMID: 38221492 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5351.2.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
A population of entomopathogenic nematodes, belonging to the Feltiae-clade and labelled J13, was discovered in the agricultural soils of the hilly regions of the Union territory of Jammu and Kashmir, India. Based on morphological, morphometric, and molecular analyses, the nematodes were identified as Steinernema feltiae. The J13 nematode isolate was tested in a laboratory assay for its pathogenicity against six major pests of vegetable crops: Pieris brassicae, Plutella xylostella, Helicoverpa armigera, Agrotis iplison, Trichoplusia ni, and Exelastis atomosa. The morphology of the isolated nematode closely matched the original description, except for the adult females, which had prominent epiptygmata instead of the weakly developed, double-flapped epiptygmata described in the original report. Analysis of the internal transcribed spacer and large subunit rRNA data from the J13 nematodes showed 100% similarity to sequences of the type population, indicating that they are conspecific. The virulence assays revealed that the nematode caused 100% mortality in the tested insect pests within 4872 hours, even at the lowest concentration of 50 infective juveniles per insect. The calculated median lethal concentration varied among the pests, with the lowest number of infective juveniles needed to achieve 50% larval killing being 117 for P. xylostella, 181.74 for P. brassicae, 226.35 for H. armigera, and 202.07 for T. ni at 24 hours post-inoculation. These findings suggest that S. feltiae isolated during the present investigation, may be a viable option for the biocontrol of these insect pests in Kashmir valley, India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiriyannanahalli Narayanaswamy Janardhan
- Division of Entomology; Faculty of Agriculture; Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir; Wadura; Sopore -193201; Jammu and Kashmir; India.
| | - Tarique Hassan Askary
- Division of Entomology; Faculty of Agriculture; Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir; Wadura; Sopore -193201; Jammu and Kashmir; India.
| | - Aashaq Hussain Bhat
- Department of Bioscience; University Center for Research & Development (UCRD); Chandigarh University; Mohali 140413; Punjab; India; Experiemtal Biology Research Group; Institute of Biology; Faculty of Science; University of Neuchatel; Rue Emile-Argland 2000; Neuchatel; Switzerland.
| | - Aasha Rana
- Department of Zoology; Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences; Madhav University; Pindwara (Sirohi); Rajasthan; 307026; India.
| | - Ishtiyaq Ahad
- Division of Entomology; Faculty of Agriculture; Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir; Wadura; Sopore -193201; Jammu and Kashmir; India.
| | - Wahidah H Al-Qahtani
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition; College of Food & Agriculture Sciences; King Saud University; Riyadh 11451; Saudi Arabia.
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Machado RAR, Bhat AH, Castaneda-Alvarez C, Askary TH, Půža V, Pagès S, Abolafia J. Xenorhabdus aichiensis sp. nov., Xenorhabdus anantnagensis sp. nov., and Xenorhabdus yunnanensis sp. nov., Isolated from Steinernema Entomopathogenic Nematodes. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:300. [PMID: 37493817 PMCID: PMC10371910 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03373-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Three bacterial strains, XENO-2T, XENO-7T, and XENO-10T, isolated from Steinernema entomopathogenic nematodes, were found to represent novel Xenorhabdus species. In this study, we describe these new species by whole-genome and whole-proteome phylogenomic reconstructions, by calculating sequence identity scores using core genome sequences, and by phenotypic characterization. Phylogenomic reconstructions using ribosomal and house-keeping genes, and whole-genome and whole-proteome sequences show that XENO-2T and XENO-10T are closely related to Xenorhabdus japonica DSM 16522T and that XENO-7T is closely related to Xenorhabdus bovienii subsp. africana XENO-1T and to X. bovienii subsp. bovienii T228T. The dDDH values between XENO-2T and XENO-10T and between XENO-2T and X. japonica DSM 16522T are 56.4 and 51.8%, respectively. The dDDH value between XENO-10T and X. japonica DSM 16522T is 53.4%. The dDDH values between XENO-7T and X. bovienii subsp. africana XENO-1T and between XENO-7T and X. bovienii subsp. bovienii T228T are 63.6 and 69.4%, respectively. These dDDH values are below the 70% divergence threshold for prokaryotic species delineation. The newly described species are highly pathogenic to G. mellonella larvae, grow at pH between 5 and 9 (optimum 5-7), at salt concentrations of 1-3% (optimum 1-2%), and temperatures between 20 and 37 °C (optimum 28-30 °C). Biochemical tests such as lysine decarboxylase, ornithine decarboxylase, urease, gelatinase, citrate utilization, indole and acetoin production, and cytochrome oxidase tests allow to differentiate the novel species from their more closely related species. Considering these genetic and phenotypic divergencies, we propose the following new species: Xenorhabdus aichiensis sp. nov. with XENO-7T (= CCM 9233T = CCOS 2024T) as the type strain, Xenorhabdus anantnagensis sp. nov., with XENO-2T (= CCM 9237T = CCOS 2023T) as the type strain, and Xenorhabdus yunnanensis sp. nov., with XENO-10T (= CCM 9322T = CCOS 2071T) as the type strain. Our study contributes to a better understanding of the biodiversity and phylogenetic relationships of entomopathogenic bacteria associated with insect parasitic nematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo A R Machado
- Experimental Biology Research Group, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Aashaq Hussain Bhat
- Experimental Biology Research Group, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
- Department of Biosciences, University Center for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Carlos Castaneda-Alvarez
- Experimental Biology Research Group, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
- Departamento de Sanidad Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Tarique Hassan Askary
- Division of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Wadura Campus, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Vladimir Půža
- Biology Centre CAS, Institute of Entomology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Sylvie Pagès
- INRAe, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Joaquín Abolafia
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Jaén, Campus 'Las Lagunillas', Jaén, Spain
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Bhat AH, Machado RAR, Abolafia J, Askary TH, Půža V, Ruiz-Cuenca AN, Rana A, Sayed S, Al-Shuraym LA. Multigene Sequence-Based and Phenotypic Characterization Reveals the Occurrence of a Novel Entomopathogenic Nematode Species, Steinernema anantnagense n. sp. J Nematol 2023; 55:20230029. [PMID: 37455851 PMCID: PMC10341053 DOI: 10.2478/jofnem-2023-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Three entomopathogenic nematode populations were isolated from agricultural fields in the Anantnag district of Jammu and Kashmir (India). Sequences of multiple gene regions and phenotypic features show that they are conspecific and represent a novel species. Molecular and morphological features provided evidence for placing the new species into the "Kushidai" clade. Within this clade, analysis of sequence data of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene, the D2D3 region of the 28S rRNA gene, the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (mtCOI) gene, and the mitochondrial 12S (mt12S) gene depicted the novel species as a distinctive entity closely related to Steinernema akhursti, S. kushidai, and S. populi. Phylogenetic analyses also show that the new species is a sister species to S. akhursti, and these two species are closely related to S. kushidai and S. populi. Additionally, the new species does not mate or produce fertile progeny with any of the closely related species, reinforcing its uniqueness from a biological species concept standpoint. The new species is further characterized by the third-stage infective juveniles with almost straight bodies (0.7-0.8 mm length), poorly developed stoma and pharynx, and conoid-elongate tail (49-66 µm) with hyaline posterior part. Adult females are characterized by short and conoid tails bearing a short mucron in the first generation and long conoid tails with thin mucron in the second generation. Adult males have ventrally curved spicules in both generations. Moreover, the first-generation male has rounded manubrium, fusiform gubernaculum, conoid and slightly ventrally curved tails with minute mucron, and the second generation has rhomboid manubrium anteriorly ventrad bent, and tails with long and robust mucron. The morphological, morphometrical, molecular, and phylogenetic analyses support the new species status of this nematode, which is hereby described as Steinernema anantnagense n. sp. The bacterial symbiont associated with S. anantnagense n. sp. represents a novel species, closely related to Xenorhabdus japonica. These findings shed light on the diversity of entomopathogenic nematodes and their symbiotic bacteria, providing valuable information for future studies in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aashaq Hussain Bhat
- Department of Biosciences and University Center for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India
- Experimental Biology Research Group, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Ricardo A. R. Machado
- Experimental Biology Research Group, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Joaquín Abolafia
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Jaén, Campus “Las Lagunillas”, Jaén, Spain
| | - Tarique Hassan Askary
- Division of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Wadura Campus, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Vladimír Půža
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branišovská 31, 37005České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Alba Nazaret Ruiz-Cuenca
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Jaén, Campus “Las Lagunillas”, Jaén, Spain
| | - Aasha Rana
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, Madhav University, Pindwara (Sirohi), Rajasthan, 307026, India
| | - Samy Sayed
- Department of Economic Entomology and Pesticides, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, 12613, Giza, Egypt
| | - Laila A. Al-Shuraym
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh11671, Saudi Arabia
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Bhat AH, Loulou A, Abolafia J, Machado RA, Kallel S. Comparative morphological and molecular analyses of Acrobeloides bodenheimeri and A. tricornis Cobb, 1924 (Rhabditida, Cephalobidae) from Tunisia. NEMATOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1163/15685411-bja10215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Summary
Four populations of Acrobeloides nematodes were isolated from Tunisian soils. Based on morphological and morphometric data, two populations, TC9 and HWO, were identified as A. tricornis and the other two, TC7 and K18g, as A. bodenheimeri. Acrobeloides tricornis is distinguished from its closely related species by its high labial probolae with arcuate termini, inconspicuous post-uterine sac, and five lateral incisures, while A. bodenheimeri is distinguished from other acrobeloids by having a low and rounded labial probolae, distinct post-uterine sac, five lateral incisures, and vulva frequently with vaginal plug. The A. tricornis and A. bodenheimeri reported in this study are distinguished by the shape of labial probolae (high with acute distal part vs low and rounded), post-uterine sac (inconspicuous vs distinct), position of the reproductive system with respect to the intestine (sinistral vs dextral), vulva with vaginal plug (present vs absent) and some morphometric characters (such as body length). Further, these species were also molecularly characterised using the sequences of the D2-D3 region of the 28S rRNA gene, the 18S rRNA gene, the ITS rRNA gene, and of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (mtCO1) gene. Phylogenetic trees using ribosomal RNA gene sequences clearly separate species of the ‘Maximus’ group, but these sequences appear to be identical in several other Acrobeloides species, and thus are unlikely to be useful as molecular markers for species-level molecular identification in the genus Acrobeloides. The mtCO1 gene sequences of two A. tricornis populations differ in 58 and 64 nucleotide bases from A. varius and A. nanus, respectively, indicating that the mtCO1 gene sequences have greater phylogenetic resolving power than nuclear rRNA gene sequences, and that this gene marker can differentiate closely related species in the genus Acrobeloides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aashaq Hussain Bhat
- Experimental Biology Research Group, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Ameni Loulou
- Laboratory of Bio-aggressor and Integrated Protection in Agriculture, Department of Plant Health and Environment, National Agronomic Institute of Tunisia, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Joaquín Abolafia
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Jaén, Campus ‘Las Lagunillas’, Jaén, Spain
| | - Ricardo A.R. Machado
- Experimental Biology Research Group, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Sadreddine Kallel
- Laboratory of Bio-aggressor and Integrated Protection in Agriculture, Department of Plant Health and Environment, National Agronomic Institute of Tunisia, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
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Yadav K, Bhat AH, Abolafia J, Machado RA, Wani SM, Chaubey AK. Redescription and molecular characterisation of Panagrolaimus labiatus (Kreis, 1929) Andrássy, 1960 (Rhabditida, Panagrolaimidae) from India and proposal of P. burdwanensis Chaturvedi & Khera, 1979 as a junior synonym of P. labiatus. NEMATOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1163/15685411-bja10211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Summary
Two populations of bacterial-feeding nematodes belonging to the genus Panagrolaimus were recovered from infected slugs collected from gardens, agricultural areas and nurseries of the Baghpat district (India). Initial morphological characterisation of these populations show that they resemble Panagrolaimus labiatus from China and Bulgaria, P. burdwanensis from India, and P. cf. labiatus from Iran. To clarify taxonomical affiliations, we morphologically compared these two new populations to those recovered from China, Bulgaria, India and Iran. In addition, we sequenced several taxonomically relevant genes and used them to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships. Our results show that the two Indian populations do not significantly differ morphologically from the specimens used to describe the species P. labiatus, and also do not differ among them. We only observed small variations in the size of males and females. In addition, morphologically, the nematodes used to describe P. burdwanensis are very similar to the nematodes used to describe P. labiatus and to the two populations described in this study. Therefore, we propose P. burdwanensis as a junior synonym of P. labiatus and that the two populations recovered from India belong to the P. labiatus species. Phylogenetic analyses using the nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), 18S and 28S rRNA gene sequences support our morphological conclusions. Our study therefore provides a detailed morphological description and molecular marker 18S and 28S gene sequences that can support future taxonomical studies of this species and highlights the importance of using both molecular and morphological data for the proper description of soil microfauna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kajol Yadav
- Nematology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250004, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Aashaq Hussain Bhat
- Experimental Biology Research Group, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Joaquín Abolafia
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Jaén, Campus ‘Las Lagunillas’ s/n, Edificio B3, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Ricardo A.R. Machado
- Experimental Biology Research Group, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Shaheen Majeed Wani
- Nematode Biodiversity and Genomics Research Laboratory, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University Rajouri, 185234, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Chaubey
- Nematology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250004, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Fodor A, Gualtieri M, Zeller M, Tarasco E, Klein MG, Fodor AM, Haynes L, Lengyel K, Forst SA, Furgani GM, Karaffa L, Vellai T. Type Strains of Entomopathogenic Nematode-Symbiotic Bacterium Species, Xenorhabdus szentirmaii (EMC) and X. budapestensis (EMA), Are Exceptional Sources of Non-Ribosomal Templated, Large-Target-Spectral, Thermotolerant-Antimicrobial Peptides (by Both), and Iodinin (by EMC). Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11030342. [PMID: 35335666 PMCID: PMC8950435 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11030342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial multidrug resistance (MDR) is a global challenge, not only for public health, but also for sustainable agriculture. Antibiotics used in humans should be ruled out for use in veterinary or agricultural settings. Applying antimicrobial peptide (AMP) molecules, produced by soil-born organisms for protecting (soil-born) plants, seems a preferable alternative. The natural role of peptide-antimicrobials, produced by the prokaryotic partner of entomopathogenic-nematode/bacterium (EPN/EPB) symbiotic associations, is to sustain monoxenic conditions for the EPB in the gut of the semi-anabiotic infective dauer juvenile (IJ) EPN. They keep pathobiome conditions balanced for the EPN/EPB complex in polyxenic (soil, vanquished insect cadaver) niches. Xenorhabdus szentirmaii DSM16338(T) (EMC), and X. budapestensis DSM16342(T) (EMA), are the respective natural symbionts of EPN species Steinernema rarum and S. bicornutum. We identified and characterized both of these 15 years ago. The functional annotation of the draft genome of EMC revealed 71 genes encoding non-ribosomal peptide synthases, and polyketide synthases. The large spatial Xenorhabdus AMP (fabclavine), was discovered in EMA, and its biosynthetic pathway in EMC. The AMPs produced by EMA and EMC are promising candidates for controlling MDR prokaryotic and eukaryotic pathogens (bacteria, oomycetes, fungi, protozoa). EMC releases large quantity of iodinin (1,6-dihydroxyphenazine 5,10-dioxide) in a water-soluble form into the media, where it condenses to form spectacular water-insoluble, macroscopic crystals. This review evaluates the scientific impact of international research on EMA and EMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Fodor
- Department of Genetics, Eötvös University, Pázmány Péter Sétány 1/C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (A.M.F.); (K.L.); or (G.M.F.); or (T.V.)
- Department of Genetics, University of Szeged, Középfasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-(30)-490-9294
| | - Maxime Gualtieri
- Nosopharm, 110 Allée Charles Babbage, Espace Innovation 2, 30000 Nîmes, France;
| | - Matthias Zeller
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA;
| | - Eustachio Tarasco
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy;
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection of CNR, Via Amendola 122/D, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Michael G. Klein
- USDA-ARS & Department of Entomology, The Ohio State University, 13416 Claremont Ave, Cleveland, OH 44130, USA;
| | - Andrea M. Fodor
- Department of Genetics, Eötvös University, Pázmány Péter Sétány 1/C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (A.M.F.); (K.L.); or (G.M.F.); or (T.V.)
| | - Leroy Haynes
- Department of Chemistry, The College of Wooster, Wooster, OH 44691, USA;
| | - Katalin Lengyel
- Department of Genetics, Eötvös University, Pázmány Péter Sétány 1/C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (A.M.F.); (K.L.); or (G.M.F.); or (T.V.)
- National Institute of Pharmacy and Nutrition (NIPN), Zrinyi utca 3, H-1051 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Steven A. Forst
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, P.O. Box 413, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA;
| | - Ghazala M. Furgani
- Department of Genetics, Eötvös University, Pázmány Péter Sétány 1/C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (A.M.F.); (K.L.); or (G.M.F.); or (T.V.)
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tripoli, Tripoli P.O. Box 13793, Libya
| | - Levente Karaffa
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem Tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
- Institute of Metagenomics, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tibor Vellai
- Department of Genetics, Eötvös University, Pázmány Péter Sétány 1/C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (A.M.F.); (K.L.); or (G.M.F.); or (T.V.)
- MTA-ELTE Genetics Research Group, Pázmány Péter Sétány 1/C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
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Shakeel A, Bhat AH, Bhat AA, Khan AA. Interactive effect of Meloidogyne incognita and fly ash on the growth, physiology, and antioxidant properties of carrot (Daucus carota L.). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:7661-7677. [PMID: 34480302 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16160-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Alternative methods are needed to replace chemical nematicides because they have the potential to damage beneficial soil microbial diversity. Therefore, the present work was done to elucidate the soil ameliorative, plant-growth-promoting, and nematicidal properties of fly ash. A random block-designed pot experiment was conducted during the period, December 2018-February 2019. Seeds of carrot (Daucus carota L.) were sown under natural conditions in clay pots containing a growth medium comprising of field soil amended with different levels of fly ash. Plants were inoculated with Meloidogyne incognita that were molecularly characterized using 18S and D2/D3 fragments of 28S rDNA and morphologically through perineal pattern arrangement. The results revealed that fly ash application improved the soil's important physicochemical characteristics. The inoculation of M. incognita significantly reduced the plant growth, yield, and pigment content of carrot compared to the untreated uninoculated plants. Carrot grown in 15% fly ash (85:15 w/w field soil:fly ash) growth substrate had significantly (P ≤ 0.05) improved plant growth, yield, and pigment content as compared to the untreated inoculated plants. Moreover, the proline content and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were enhanced by applying 15% fly ash. Fly ash amendment to the soil not only improved plant growth and yield but also reduced the gall index and egg mass index per root system of the carrot as well. Our results, therefore, suggest that 15% fly ash can be used in a sustainable way to improve the growth, yield, and resistance of carrot against the infection of M. incognita.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Shakeel
- Section of Environmental Botany and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Aashaq Hussain Bhat
- Department of Zoology, Government Degree College, Uttersoo-192201, Anantnag, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
| | - Aadil Amin Bhat
- Section of Environmental Botany and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Abrar Ahmad Khan
- Section of Environmental Botany and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
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Bhat AH, Gautum S, Rana A, Chaubey AK, Abolafia J, Půža V. Morphological, Morphometrical and Molecular Characterization of Oscheius siddiqii Tabassum and Shahina, 2010 (Rhabditida, Rhabditidae) from India with Its Taxonomic Consequences for the Subgenus Oscheius Andrássy, 1976. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10121239. [PMID: 34943154 PMCID: PMC8698764 DOI: 10.3390/biology10121239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An insect parasitic nematode belonging to the genus Oscheius was recovered from the agricultural soils from the Hapur district in western Uttar Pradesh, India. Morphological studies on this species exhibited its high resemblance with two Pakistani species: Oscheius siddiqii and O. niazii. No molecular data are available for these taxa but, morphologically, both species do not differ significantly from our strains and each other. Hence, these nematodes can be considered conspecific, and the correct name for this taxon is O. siddiqii, the first described species. The phylogenetic analyses of the ITS-, 18S-, and the 28S rDNA sequences showed that O. siddiqii is a sister taxon to the group formed by Oscheius microvilli, O. myriophilus, O. safricanus, and several unidentified Oscheius species. Additionally, our analyses show that based on molecular and morphological data, the species Oscheius rugaoensis and O. microvilli cannot be distinguished from O. chongmingensis and O. myriophilus, respectively, and are thus considered junior synonyms of these taxa. Furthermore, the available data are not sufficient to evaluate the status of Oscheius basothovii and O. safricanus, which are, in consequence, considered species inquirendae. These findings highlight the necessity of the proper morphological and molecular characterisation of the described Oscheius species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aashaq Hussain Bhat
- Department of Zoology, Government Degree College Uttersoo, Anantnag 192201, India;
- Experimental Biology Research Group, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Neuchatel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Swati Gautum
- Nematology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut 250004, India; (S.G.); (A.R.); (A.K.C.)
| | - Aasha Rana
- Nematology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut 250004, India; (S.G.); (A.R.); (A.K.C.)
| | - Ashok Kumar Chaubey
- Nematology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut 250004, India; (S.G.); (A.R.); (A.K.C.)
| | - Joaquín Abolafia
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Jaén, Avenida de Ben Saprut s/n, 23071 Jaén, Spain;
| | - Vladimír Půža
- Biology Centre, Institute of Entomology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Correspondence:
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10
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Machado RA, Bhat AH, Abolafia J, Muller A, Bruno P, Fallet P, Arce CC, Turlings TC, Bernal JS, Kajuga J, Waweru B, Toepfer S. Multi-locus phylogenetic analyses uncover species boundaries and reveal the occurrence of two new entomopathogenic nematode species, Heterorhabditis ruandica n. sp. and Heterorhabditis zacatecana n. sp. J Nematol 2021; 53:e2021-89. [PMID: 34790901 PMCID: PMC8588743 DOI: 10.21307/jofnem-2021-089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Species of the nematode genus Heterorhabditis are important biological control agents against agricultural pests. The taxonomy of this group is still unclear as it currently relies on phylogenetic reconstructions based on a few genetic markers with little resolutive power, specially of closely related species. To fill this knowledge gap, we sequenced several phylogenetically relevant genetic loci and used them to reconstruct phylogenetic trees, to calculate sequence similarity scores, and to determine signatures of species- and population-specific genetic polymorphism. In addition, we revisited the current literature related to the description, synonymisation, and declaration as species inquirendae of Heterorhabditis species to compile taxonomically relevant morphological and morphometric characters, characterized new nematode isolates at the morphological and morphometrical level, and conducted self-crossing and cross-hybridization experiments. The results of this study show that the sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (COI) gene provide better phylogenetic resolutive power than the sequences of nuclear rRNA genes and that this gene marker can phylogenetically resolve closely related species and even populations of the same species with high precision. Using this gene marker, we found two new species, Heterorhabditis ruandica n. sp. and Heterorhabditis zacatecana n. sp. A detailed characterization of these species at the morphological and morphometric levels and nematode reproduction assays revealed that the threshold for species delimitation in this genus, using COI sequences, is 97% to 98%. Our study illustrates the importance of rigorous morphological and morphometric characterization and multi-locus sequencing for the description of new species within the genus Heterorhabditis, serves to clarify the phylogenetic relationships of this important group of biological control agents, and can inform future species descriptions to advance our efforts towards developing more tools for sustainable and environmentally friendly agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo A.R. Machado
- Experimental Biology Research Group. Institute of Biology. Faculty of Sciences. University of Neuchâtel. Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Aashaq Hussain Bhat
- Department of Zoology, Government Degree College. Billawar-184204, Kathua, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Joaquín Abolafia
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Jaén, Campus ‘Las Lagunillas’ s/n, Edificio B3, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Arthur Muller
- Experimental Biology Research Group. Institute of Biology. Faculty of Sciences. University of Neuchâtel. Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Pamela Bruno
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology, Institute of Biology. Faculty of Sciences, University of Neuchâtel, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Fallet
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology, Institute of Biology. Faculty of Sciences, University of Neuchâtel, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Carla C.M. Arce
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology, Institute of Biology. Faculty of Sciences, University of Neuchâtel, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Ted C.J. Turlings
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology, Institute of Biology. Faculty of Sciences, University of Neuchâtel, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Julio S. Bernal
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Joelle Kajuga
- Department of Crop Innovations & Technology Transfer. Rwanda Agriculture and Animal Resources Development Board, 5016 Kigali-Rwanda
| | - Bancy Waweru
- Department of Crop Innovations & Technology Transfer. Rwanda Agriculture and Animal Resources Development Board, 5016 Kigali-Rwanda
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Redescription and synonymization of Oscheius citri Tabassum, Shahina, Nasira and Erum, 2016 (Rhabditida, Rhabditidae) from India and its taxonomical consequences. J Helminthol 2021; 95:e24. [PMID: 33880988 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x21000134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A population of a nematode species belonging to the genus Oscheius was isolated in western Uttar Pradesh, India. Morphological and morphometrical studies on this species showed its high similarity with six species described previously from Pakistan (Oscheius citri, O. cobbi, O. cynodonti, O. esculentus, O. punctatus and O. sacchari). The molecular analysis of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA sequences of the Indian population and the six species described from Pakistan showed that all the sequences are almost identical. Thus, based on morphological and molecular characteristics, all of the six above-mentioned Pakistani species and Indian strain do not differ from each other, hence can be considered synonyms. The correct name for this taxon is the first described species O. citri. Additionally, the phylogenetic analysis of the 18S rDNA and the 28S rDNA sequences showed that Oscheius citri is sister to the clade formed by O. chongmingensis and O. rugaoensis from China. The high similarity of morphological and morphometric characteristics of O. citri and other species, O. maqbooli, O. nadarajani, O. niazii, O. shamimi and O. siddiqii, suggest their conspecificity; however, lack of molecular data for these species does not allow this hypothesis to be tested.
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Bhat AH, Srivastava S, Rana A, Chaubey AK, Machado RAR, Abolafia J. Morphological, morphometrical, and molecular characterization of Metarhabditis amsactae (Ali, Pervez, Andrabi, Sharma and Verma, 2011) Sudhaus, 2011 (Rhabditida, Rhabditidae) from India and proposal of Metarhabditis longicaudata as a junior synonym of M. amsactae. J Nematol 2020; 52:e2020-116. [PMID: 33829202 PMCID: PMC8015365 DOI: 10.21307/jofnem-2020-116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A new population of Metarhabditis amsactae from India is morphologically, morphometrically, and molecularly characterized. This material is characterized by having 0.65 to 1.14 mm length, lips rounded, and grouped in pairs, stoma with metastegostoma bearing setose denticles, pharynx with metacorpus slightly swollen and fusiform, nerve ring, and excretory pore located at isthmus level, female reproductive system didelphic-amphidelphic with vulva equatorial, female tail conical-elongate with acute tip, male tail conical with large and robust posterior filiform part, spicules free with hooked manubrium slightly bent ventrad, gubernaculum with narrow corpus, bursa open leptoderan with eight genital papillae and phasmids posterior to the GP8. Molecular studies based on 18S and 28S rDNA genes are provided for the first time for the species. In addition, integrated morphological, morphometrical, and molecular characters are compared with other previous records of the species. According to our analysis, Metarhabditis longicaudata and other material described as different species are proposed as new junior synonyms of M. amsactae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aashaq Hussain Bhat
- Nematology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, India
- Government Degree College, Billawar, 184204, Kathua, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Shreyansh Srivastava
- Nematology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, India
| | - Aasha Rana
- Nematology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Chaubey
- Nematology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, India
| | - Ricardo A. R. Machado
- Experimental Biology Research Group, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Joaquín Abolafia
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
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Bharti L, Bhat AH, Chaubey AK, Abolafia J. Morphological and molecular characterisation of Merlinius brevidens (Allen, 1955) Siddiqi, 1970 (Nematoda: Rhabditida: Merlinidae) from India. J NAT HIST 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1810352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lovely Bharti
- Nematology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, India
| | - Aashaq Hussain Bhat
- Nematology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, India
- Government Degree College, Billawar, Kuthwa, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Chaubey
- Nematology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, India
| | - Joaquín Abolafia
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
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Sajnaga E, Kazimierczak W. Evolution and taxonomy of nematode-associated entomopathogenic bacteria of the genera Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus: an overview. Symbiosis 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-019-00660-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AbstractEntomopathogenic bacteria from the genera Photorhabdus and Xenorhabdus are closely related Gram-negative bacilli from the family Enterobacteriaceae (γ-Proteobacteria). They establish obligate mutualistic associations with soil nematodes from the genera Steinernema and Heterorhabditis to facilitate insect pathogenesis. The research of these two bacterial genera is focused mainly on their unique interactions with two different animal hosts, i.e. nematodes and insects. So far, studies of the mutualistic bacteria of nematodes collected from around the world have contributed to an increase in the number of the described Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus species. Recently, the classification system of entomopatogenic nematode microsymbionts has undergone profound revision and now 26 species of the genus Xenorhabdus and 19 species of the genus Photorhabdus have been identified. Despite their similar life style and close phylogenetic origin, Photorhabdus and Xenorhabdus bacterial species differ significantly in e.g. the nematode host range, symbiotic strategies for parasite success, and arrays of released antibiotics and insecticidal toxins. As the knowledge of the diversity of entomopathogenic nematode microsymbionts helps to enable the use thereof, assessment of the phylogenetic relationships of these astounding bacterial genera is now a major challenge for researchers. The present article summarizes the main information on the taxonomy and evolutionary history of Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus, entomopathogenic nematode symbionts.
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15
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Rana A, Bhat AH, Bhargava S, Chaubey AK, Abolafia J. Morphological and molecular characterization of Acrobeloides saeedi Siddiqi, De Ley and Khan, 1992 (Rhabditida, Cephalobidae) from India and comments on its status. J Nematol 2020; 52:1-21. [PMID: 32342680 PMCID: PMC7266034 DOI: 10.21307/jofnem-2020-027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Two cultured populations of Acrobeloides saeedi are described from India. Morphologically and morphometrically this material agrees with other species of the Maximus-group (A. bodenheimeri, A. longiuterus, and A. maximus), especially with A. longiuterus. However, molecular studies based on 18 S, 28 S and ITS rDNA confirmed the Indian material is well differentiated from all of these species. According to this, A. saeedi is considered a valid taxon distinguished mainly from A. bodenheimeri by having dextral female reproductive system (vs sinistral), from A. longiuterus by having larger females (1.03-1.57 vs 0.57-0.88 mm) and from A. maximus by having seta-like labial processes (vs absent) and males as frequent as females (vs males very infrequent). Molecular and phylogenetic studies revealed the present specimens to be conspecific to undescribed Acrobeloides sp. population from Iran, and hence, both regarded to be conspecific to each other. In addition, other similar species are revised: Acrobeloides ishraqi is considered new junior synonym of A. saeedi, Acrobeloides mushtaqi is considered new junior synonym of A. bodenheimeri, while Acrobeloides gossypia is also considered junior synonym of A. saeedi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aasha Rana
- Nematology Laboratory , Department of Zoology , Chaudhary Charan Singh University , Meerut-250004 , India
| | - Aashaq Hussain Bhat
- Nematology Laboratory , Department of Zoology , Chaudhary Charan Singh University , Meerut-250004 , India
| | - Suman Bhargava
- Nematology Laboratory , Department of Zoology , Chaudhary Charan Singh University , Meerut-250004 , India
| | - Ashok Kumar Chaubey
- Nematology Laboratory , Department of Zoology , Chaudhary Charan Singh University , Meerut-250004 , India
| | - Joaquín Abolafia
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología , Universidad de Jaén , Campus Las Lagunillas, s/n, 23071 Jaén , Spain
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Bolaños LM, Rosenblueth M, Manrique de Lara A, Migueles-Lozano A, Gil-Aguillón C, Mateo-Estrada V, González-Serrano F, Santibáñez-López CE, García-Santibáñez T, Martínez-Romero E. Cophylogenetic analysis suggests cospeciation between the Scorpion Mycoplasma Clade symbionts and their hosts. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0209588. [PMID: 30625167 PMCID: PMC6326461 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Scorpions are predator arachnids of ancient origin and worldwide distribution. Two scorpion species, Vaejovis smithi and Centruroides limpidus, were found to harbor two different Mollicutes phylotypes: a Scorpion Mycoplasma Clade (SMC) and Scorpion Group 1 (SG1). Here we investigated, using a targeted gene sequencing strategy, whether these Mollicutes were present in 23 scorpion morphospecies belonging to the Vaejovidae, Carboctonidae, Euscorpiidae, Diplocentridae, and Buthidae families. Our results revealed that SMC is found in a species-specific association with Vaejovidae and Buthidae, whereas SG1 is uniquely found in Vaejovidae. SMC and SG1 co-occur only in Vaejovis smithi where 43% of the individuals host both phylotypes. A phylogenetic analysis of Mollicutes 16S rRNA showed that SMC and SG1 constitute well-delineated phylotypes. Additionally, we found that SMC and scorpion phylogenies are significantly congruent, supporting the observation that a cospeciation process may have occurred. This study highlights the phylogenetic diversity of the scorpion associated Mollicutes through different species revealing a possible cospeciation pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis M. Bolaños
- Laboratorio de Ecología Genómica, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mor, Mexico
| | - Mónica Rosenblueth
- Laboratorio de Ecología Genómica, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mor, Mexico
| | - Amaranta Manrique de Lara
- Laboratorio de Ecología Genómica, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mor, Mexico
| | - Analí Migueles-Lozano
- Laboratorio de Ecología Genómica, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mor, Mexico
| | - Citlali Gil-Aguillón
- Laboratorio de Ecología Genómica, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mor, Mexico
| | - Valeria Mateo-Estrada
- Laboratorio de Ecología Genómica, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mor, Mexico
| | - Francisco González-Serrano
- Laboratorio de Ecología Genómica, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mor, Mexico
| | - Carlos E. Santibáñez-López
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mor, Mexico
| | - Tonalli García-Santibáñez
- Laboratorio de Ecología Genómica, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mor, Mexico
| | - Esperanza Martínez-Romero
- Laboratorio de Ecología Genómica, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mor, Mexico
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Godjo A, Afouda L, Baimey H, Couvreur M, Zadji L, Houssou G, Bert W, Willems A, Decraemer W. Steinernema kandii n. sp. (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae), a new entomopathogenic nematode from northern Benin. NEMATOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1163/15685411-00003201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Summary
Two nematode isolates from the genus Steinernema were collected in northern Benin. Morphological, morphometric, molecular and cross-hybridisation studies placed these nematodes into a new species, Steinernema kandii n. sp., within the bicornutum-group. Phylogenetic analyses based on both ITS and D2-D3 regions of 28S rDNA revealed that S. kandii n. sp. is different from all known Steinernema species and sister to S. abbasi (97.3-97.6% ITS nucleotide similarity) and S. bifurcatum (98.3-98.4% D2-D3 similarity). Steinernema kandii n. sp. can be separated from other members of the bicornutum-group by the greater infective juvenile (IJ) max. body diam. of 35 (27-48) μm (type isolate). It differs from S. abbasi by the greater IJ body length 707 (632-833) μm (type isolate), EP distance 55 (52-60) μm (type isolate), spicule length 67 (57-75) μm (type isolate) and the occurrence of one pair of genital papillae at the cloacal aperture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anique Godjo
- 1Faculty of Agronomy, University of Parakou, 02 B.P.1003 Parakou, Benin
- 3Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Leonard Afouda
- 1Faculty of Agronomy, University of Parakou, 02 B.P.1003 Parakou, Benin
| | - Hugues Baimey
- 1Faculty of Agronomy, University of Parakou, 02 B.P.1003 Parakou, Benin
| | - Marjolein Couvreur
- 2Nematology Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lionel Zadji
- 1Faculty of Agronomy, University of Parakou, 02 B.P.1003 Parakou, Benin
| | - Gladys Houssou
- 1Faculty of Agronomy, University of Parakou, 02 B.P.1003 Parakou, Benin
| | - Wim Bert
- 2Nematology Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anne Willems
- 3Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wilfrida Decraemer
- 2Nematology Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Sajnaga E, Kazimierczak W, Skowronek M, Lis M, Skrzypek T, Waśko A. Steinernema poinari (Nematoda: Steinernematidae): a new symbiotic host of entomopathogenic bacteria Xenorhabdus bovienii. Arch Microbiol 2018; 200:1307-1316. [PMID: 29946739 PMCID: PMC6182613 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-018-1544-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Three strains of symbiotic bacteria were isolated from an entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema poinari retrieved from soil in eastern Poland. Using 16S rDNA, recA, gltX, gyrB, and dnaN gene sequences for phylogenetic analysis, these strains were shown to belong to the species Xenorhabdus bovienii. The nucleotide identity between the studied S. poinari microsymbionts and other X. bovienii strains calculated for 16S rDNA and concatenated sequences of four protein-coding genes was 98.7-100% and 97.9-99.5%, respectively. The phenotypic properties of the isolates also supported their close phylogenetic relationship with X. bovienii. All three tested X. bovienii strains of different Steinernema clade origin supported the recovery of infective juveniles and subsequent development of the nematode population. However, the colonization degree of new infective juvenile generations was significantly affected by the bacterial host donor/recipient. The colonization degree of infective juveniles reared on bacterial symbionts deriving from a non-cognate clade of nematodes was extremely low, but proved the possible host-switching between non-related Steinernema species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Sajnaga
- Laboratory of Biocontrol, Application and Production of EPN, Faculty of Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów 1J, 20-708, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Waldemar Kazimierczak
- Laboratory of Biocontrol, Application and Production of EPN, Faculty of Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów 1J, 20-708, Lublin, Poland
| | - Marcin Skowronek
- Laboratory of Biocontrol, Application and Production of EPN, Faculty of Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów 1J, 20-708, Lublin, Poland
| | - Magdalena Lis
- Laboratory of Biocontrol, Application and Production of EPN, Faculty of Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów 1J, 20-708, Lublin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Skrzypek
- Laboratory of Confocal and Electron Microscopy, Faculty of Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów 1J, 20-708, Lublin, Poland
| | - Adam Waśko
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Human Nutrition, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8, 20-704, Lublin, Poland
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