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Kantelinen A, Svensson M, Malíček J, Vondrák J, Thor G, Palice Z, Svoboda S, Myllys L. A phylogenetic study of Micareamelaeniza and similar-looking species (Pilocarpaceae) unveils hidden diversity and clarifies species boundaries and reproduction modes. MycoKeys 2024; 106:327-354. [PMID: 39006907 PMCID: PMC11245644 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.106.123484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Micarea (Ascomycota, Pilocarpaceae) is a large cosmopolitan genus of crustose lichens. We investigated molecular systematics and taxonomy of the poorly known Micareamelaeniza group focussing on M.melaeniza, M.nigella and M.osloensis. A total of 54 new sequences were generated and using Bayesian and maximum likelihood analysis of two markers (nuITS and mtSSU), we discovered two previously unrecognized phylogenetic lineages, one of which is described here as Micareaeurasiatica Kantelinen & G. Thor, sp. nov., morphologically characterized by pycnidia that are sessile to emergent, cylindrically shaped, with greenish-black K+ olive green, wall pigmentation and containing large mesoconidia up to 6 µm in length. The species is known from Japan and Finland. In addition, we show that the reproduction biology of M.osloensis has been poorly understood and that the species often occurs as an anamorph with stipitate pycnidia. We present a species synopsis and notes on pigments. Our research supports previous results of asexuality being an important reproductive strategy of species growing on dead wood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annina Kantelinen
- Botany and Mycology Unit, Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 7, FI-00014 Helsinki, FinlandUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Måns Svensson
- Museum of Evolution, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 16, SE-752 36 Uppsala, SwedenUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Jiří Malíček
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Zámek 1 252 43, Průhonice, Czech RepublicCzech Academy of Sciences, Institute of BotanyPrůhoniceCzech Republic
| | - Jan Vondrák
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Zámek 1 252 43, Průhonice, Czech RepublicCzech Academy of Sciences, Institute of BotanyPrůhoniceCzech Republic
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, CZ-37005 České Budějovice, Czech RepublicUniversity of South BohemiaČeské BudějoviceCzech Republic
| | - Göran Thor
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7044, SE-750 07 Uppsala, SwedenSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
| | - Zdeněk Palice
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Zámek 1 252 43, Průhonice, Czech RepublicCzech Academy of Sciences, Institute of BotanyPrůhoniceCzech Republic
| | - Stanislav Svoboda
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Zámek 1 252 43, Průhonice, Czech RepublicCzech Academy of Sciences, Institute of BotanyPrůhoniceCzech Republic
| | - Leena Myllys
- Botany and Mycology Unit, Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 7, FI-00014 Helsinki, FinlandUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
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Francesconi L, Conti M, Gheza G, Martellos S, Nimis PL, Vallese C, Nascimbene J. The Dolichens database: the lichen biota of the Dolomites. MycoKeys 2024; 103:25-35. [PMID: 38505537 PMCID: PMC10948996 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.103.115462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The Dolichens project provides the first dynamic inventory of the lichens of the Dolomites (Eastern Alps, Italy). Occurrence records were retrieved from published and grey literature, reviewed herbaria, unpublished records collected by the authors, and new sampling campaigns, covering a period from 1820 to 2022. Currently, the dataset contains 56,251 records, referring to 1,719 infrageneric taxa, reported from 1820 to 2022, from hilly to nival belts, and corresponding to about half of the species known for the whole Alpine chain. Amongst them, 98% are georeferenced, although most of them were georeferenced a posteriori. The dataset is available through the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF; https://www.gbif.org/es/dataset/cea3ee2c-1ff1-4f8e-bb37-a99600cb4134) and through the Dolichens website (https://italic.units.it/dolichens/). We expect that this open floristic inventory will contribute to tracking the lichen diversity of the Dolomites over the past 200 years, and providing the basis for future taxonomic, biogeographical, and ecological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Francesconi
- BIOME Lab, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, ItalyAlma Mater Studiorum - University of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Matteo Conti
- Department Of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, ItalyUniversity of TriesteTriesteItaly
| | - Gabriele Gheza
- BIOME Lab, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, ItalyAlma Mater Studiorum - University of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Stefano Martellos
- Department Of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, ItalyUniversity of TriesteTriesteItaly
| | - Pier Luigi Nimis
- Department Of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, ItalyUniversity of TriesteTriesteItaly
| | - Chiara Vallese
- Department Of Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Genova, Genova, ItalyUniversity of GenovaGenovaItaly
| | - Juri Nascimbene
- BIOME Lab, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, ItalyAlma Mater Studiorum - University of BolognaBolognaItaly
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Davydov EA, Himelbrant DE, Kuznetsova ES, Stepanchikova IS, Yakovchenko LS. Multilocus Molecular Phylogeny of the Umbilicaria aprina Group (Umbilicariaceae, Lichenized Ascomycota) Supports Species Level and Neo-Endemic Status of Umbilicaria krascheninnikovii. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:729. [PMID: 38475574 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The Northeast Asian endemic species of lichen-forming fungus Umbilicaria krascheninnikovii is herein discussed in the global context of biogeography and phylogeny of the U. aprina group. The name U. krascheninnikovii has been erroneously used by lichenologists for Umbilicaria spp. from high latitudes or altitudes worldwide, as there are omphalodisc apothecia and rough "crystals" of a necral layer on the upper surface. To test the monophyly and phylogenetic relationships within the U. aprina group, four independent DNA regions (nrITS/5.8S, RPB2, mtLSU, and mtSSU) were used for six rare species, including a dozen specimens of U. krascheninnikovii from its locus classicus in Kamchatka. The study is based on the phylograms obtained using maximum likelihood and a Bayesian phylogenetic inference framework. As a result of phylogenetic and biogeographic analyses, it was shown that U. krascheninnikovii is a neo-endemic of the areas of modern volcanism in Kamchatka, Japan, as well as in the Kurile Islands, where this species was recorded for the first time. The morphology of U. krascheninnikovii is herein described and illustrated. Increasing the role of the sexual process and reducing asexual thalloconidiogenesis are shown to be apomorphic traits in the U. aprina group. The combination of sexual and asexual reproduction provides adaptive advantages in changing environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dmitry E Himelbrant
- Komarov Botanical Institute, Professor Popov St. 2, St. Petersburg 197376, Russia
- Saint-Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Emb. 7/9, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Ekaterina S Kuznetsova
- Komarov Botanical Institute, Professor Popov St. 2, St. Petersburg 197376, Russia
- Saint-Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Emb. 7/9, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Irina S Stepanchikova
- Komarov Botanical Institute, Professor Popov St. 2, St. Petersburg 197376, Russia
- Saint-Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Emb. 7/9, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Lidia S Yakovchenko
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity FEB RAS, 100th Anniversary of Vladivostok Avenue, 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
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McMullin RT, Simon ADF, Brodo IM, Wickham SB, Bell-Doyon P, Kuzmina M, Starzomski BM. DNA barcoding aids in generating a preliminary checklist of the lichens and allied fungi of Calvert Island, British Columbia: Results from the 2018 Hakai Terrestrial BioBlitz. Biodivers Data J 2024; 12:e120292. [PMID: 38469225 PMCID: PMC10925859 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.12.e120292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Bioblitzes are a tool for the rapid appraisal of biodiversity and are particularly useful in remote and understudied regions and for understudied taxa. Lichens are an example of an often overlooked group, despite being widespread in virtually all terrestrial ecosystems and having many important ecological functions. New information We report the lichens and allied fungi collected during the 2018 terrestrial bioblitz conducted on Calvert Island on the Central Coast of British Columbia, Canada. We identified 449 specimens belonging to 189 species in 85 genera, increasing the total number of species known from Calvert Island to 194, and generated Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) sequences for 215 specimens from 121 species. Bryoriafurcellata, Chaenothecopsislecanactidis and C.nigripunctata were collected for the first time in British Columbia. We also found Pseudocyphellariarainierensis, which is listed as Special Concern on the federal Species at Risk Act, and other rarely reported species in British Columbia including Opegraphasphaerophoricola, Protomicarealimosa, Raesaeneniahuuskonenii and Sareadifformis. We demonstrate that DNA barcoding improves the scope and accuracy of expert-led bioblitzes by facilitating the detection of cryptic species and allowing for consistent identification of chemically and morphologically overlapping taxa. Despite the spatial and temporal limitations of our study, the results highlight the value of intact forest ecosystems on the Central Coast of British Columbia for lichen biodiversity, education and conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Troy McMullin
- Canadian Museum of Nature, PO Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario, K1P 6P4, CanadaCanadian Museum of Nature, PO Box 3443, Station DOttawa, Ontario, K1P 6P4Canada
| | - Andrew D. F. Simon
- School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, V8P 5C2, CanadaSchool of Environmental Studies, University of VictoriaVictoria, British Columbia, V8P 5C2Canada
| | - Irwin M. Brodo
- Canadian Museum of Nature, PO Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario, K1P 6P4, CanadaCanadian Museum of Nature, PO Box 3443, Station DOttawa, Ontario, K1P 6P4Canada
| | - Sara B. Wickham
- Hakai Institute, PO Box 309, Heriot Bay, British Columbia, VOP 1H0, CanadaHakai Institute, PO Box 309Heriot Bay, British Columbia, VOP 1H0Canada
| | - Philip Bell-Doyon
- Department of Biology, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, G1V 0A6, CanadaDepartment of Biology, Université LavalQuébec, Québec, G1V 0A6Canada
| | - Maria Kuzmina
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, CanadaCentre for Biodiversity Genomics, Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of GuelphGuelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1Canada
| | - Brian M. Starzomski
- School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, V8P 5C2, CanadaSchool of Environmental Studies, University of VictoriaVictoria, British Columbia, V8P 5C2Canada
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Kerr M, Leavitt SD. A Custom Regional DNA Barcode Reference Library for Lichen-Forming Fungi of the Intermountain West, USA, Increases Successful Specimen Identification. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:741. [PMID: 37504730 PMCID: PMC10381598 DOI: 10.3390/jof9070741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA barcoding approaches provide powerful tools for characterizing fungal diversity. However, DNA barcoding is limited by poor representation of species-level diversity in fungal sequence databases. Can the development of custom, regionally focused DNA reference libraries improve species-level identification rates for lichen-forming fungi? To explore this question, we created a regional ITS database for lichen-forming fungi (LFF) in the Intermountain West of the United States. The custom database comprised over 4800 sequences and represented over 600 formally described and provisional species. Lichen communities were sampled at 11 sites throughout the Intermountain West, and LFF diversity was characterized using high-throughput ITS2 amplicon sequencing. We compared the species-level identification success rates from our bulk community samples using our regional ITS database and the widely used UNITE database. The custom regional database resulted in significantly higher species-level assignments (72.3%) of candidate species than the UNITE database (28.3-34.2%). Within each site, identification of candidate species ranged from 72.3-82.1% using the custom database; and 31.5-55.4% using the UNITE database. These results highlight that developing regional databases may accelerate a wide range of LFF research by improving our ability to characterize species-level diversity using DNA barcoding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kerr
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Steven D Leavitt
- M.L. Bean Life Science Museum and Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
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Nascimbene J, Gheza G, Bilovitz PO, Francesconi L, Hafellner J, Mayrhofer H, Salvadori M, Vallese C, Nimis PL. A hotspot of lichen diversity and lichenological research in the Alps: the Paneveggio-Pale di San Martino Natural Park (Italy). MycoKeys 2022; 94:37-50. [PMID: 36760543 PMCID: PMC9836431 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.94.95858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A checklist of 916 lichenised taxa is reported from the Paneveggio-Pale di San Martino Natural Park and its surroundings (Trentino-Alto Adige, N Italy), based on 7351 records from: (a) 72 literature sources, (b) eight public and private herbaria and (c) field observations by some of the authors. The study area appears as a hotspot of lichen diversity, hosting 30.1% of the lichen biota of the Alps in a territory that has 0.064% of their total surface area. This is mainly due to its high climatical, geological and orographic heterogeneity, but also to the long history of lichenological exploration, that started in the 19th century with Ferdinand Arnold and is still ongoing. The present work highlights the importance of detailed species inventories to support knowledge of biodiversity patterns, taxonomy and ecology and to properly address conservation issues. Fuscideamollisvar.caesioalbescens, Hydropunctariascabra, Protoparmeliabadiavar.cinereobadia and Variosporapaulii are new to Italy, 18 other taxa are new to Trentino-Alto Adige.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juri Nascimbene
- BIOME Lab, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, ItalyAlma Mater Studiorum University of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Gabriele Gheza
- BIOME Lab, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, ItalyAlma Mater Studiorum University of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Peter O. Bilovitz
- Division of Plant Sciences, Institute of Biology, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Holteigasse 6, 8010 Graz, AustriaUniversity of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Luana Francesconi
- BIOME Lab, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, ItalyAlma Mater Studiorum University of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Josef Hafellner
- Division of Plant Sciences, Institute of Biology, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Holteigasse 6, 8010 Graz, AustriaUniversity of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Helmut Mayrhofer
- Division of Plant Sciences, Institute of Biology, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Holteigasse 6, 8010 Graz, AustriaUniversity of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Maurizio Salvadori
- Paneveggio-Pale di San Martino Natural Park, Villa Welsperg, località Castelpietra 2, 38054 Primiero San Martino di Castrozza (Trento), ItalyPaneveggio-Pale di San Martino Natural ParkPrimiero San Martino di CastrozzaItaly
| | - Chiara Vallese
- BIOME Lab, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, ItalyAlma Mater Studiorum University of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Pier Luigi Nimis
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, 34127 Trieste, ItalyUniversity of TriesteTriesteItaly
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Svensson M, Fryday AM. Gilbertaria, a first crustose genus in the Sphaerophoraceae (Lecanoromycetes, Ascomycota) for Catillaria contristans, Toninia squalescens and related species. Mycol Prog 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-022-01838-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AbstractLecideoid lichen-forming fungi are a large, heterogeneous group that includes many species described during the nineteenth century that are of unclear taxonomic status. We revise such a group, the species of which have previously been treated under the much-misunderstood names Catillaria contristans or Toninia squalescens, and use a seven-locus phylogeny to determine its phylogenetic position. We found strong support for a previously unrecognized monophyletic lineage within the Sphaerophoraceae, comprising five phylogenetic species, and describe the new genus Gilbertaria to accommodate them. The new genus is characterized by a crustose growth form, 1-septate ascospores, thick ((1.5–)2–3(–4) μm wide) paraphyses and asci of the Biatora-type. We revise the nomenclature and give new delimitations and descriptions of the Northern Hemisphere species Gilbertaria contristans comb. nov., G. holomeloides comb. nov., G. squalescens comb. nov. and describe the new species G. astrapeana from the Falkland Islands.
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Svensson M, Haugan R, Timdal E, Westberg M, Arup U. The circumscription and phylogenetic position of Bryonora (Lecanoraceae, Ascomycota), with two additions to the genus. Mycologia 2022; 114:516-532. [PMID: 35605089 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2022.2037339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Lecanoraceae is one of the largest families of the Lecanoromycetes, with about 30 accepted genera, many of which, however, have uncertain status and/or circumscriptions. We assess the phylogenetic position of the genus Bryonora and its segregate Bryodina for the first time, using a six-locus phylogeny comprising the Lecanoraceae as well as closely related families. We find strong support for the placement of Bryonora in the Lecanoraceae, whereas there is no support for treating Bryodina as a genus separate from Bryonora. Hence, we reduce Bryodina to synonymy with Bryonora. Further, we describe Bryonora microlepis as new to science and transfer Lecanora castaneoides to Bryonora and L. vicaria to Miriquidica. A world key to Bryonora is included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Måns Svensson
- Museum of Evolution, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 16, Uppsala SE-752 36, Sweden
| | - Reidar Haugan
- Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1172 Blindern, Oslo NO-0318, Norway
| | - Einar Timdal
- Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1172 Blindern, Oslo NO-0318, Norway
| | - Martin Westberg
- Museum of Evolution, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 16, Uppsala SE-752 36, Sweden
| | - Ulf Arup
- Biological Museum, Lund University, Box 117, Lund SE-221 00, Sweden
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Černajová I, Schiefelbein U, Škaloud P. Lichens from the littoral zone host diverse Ulvophycean photobionts. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2022; 58:267-280. [PMID: 35032341 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Crustose Verrucariaceae lichens form a distinctive black belt on seashores all over the world. This lifestyle is apparently enabled by a specific set of photobionts. However, their diversity is understudied. We sampled these lichens from the northern Patagonian Pacific coast of Chile. Using molecular markers, we identified both mycobionts and photobionts. The lichens, belonging to the genus Hydropunctaria and to the Wahlenbergiella group, hosted solely Ulvophycean photobionts. Pseudendoclonium submarinum (Kornmanniaceae, Ulvales) was the most common, but representatives of other closely related, yet undescribed, lineages were also found. Undulifilum symbioticum gen. et sp. nov. is described within Kornmanniaceae based on culture morphology and DNA sequence data. Furthermore, the free-living macroscopic genus Urospora (Acrosiphoniaceae, Ulotrichales) is reported as a lichen photobiont for the first time and is the first of its kind in the order. These results indicate that undescribed algal diversity is waiting to be uncovered in seashore lichens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Černajová
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Pavel Škaloud
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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10
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Aptroot A, Souza MF. New Lichen Species and Records from the Chapada dos Guimarães, Mato Grosso, Brazil. CRYPTOGAMIE MYCOL 2021. [DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2021v42a10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- André Aptroot
- Laboratório de Botânica / Liquenologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Avenida Costa e Silva s/n, Bairro Universitário, CEP 79070-900, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul (Brazil)
| | - Maria Fernanda Souza
- Laboratório de Botânica / Liquenologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Avenida Costa e Silva s/n, Bairro Universitário, CEP 79070-900, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul (Brazil)
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11
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Atienza V, Hawksworth DL, Pérez-Ortega S. Verrucoccum (Dothideomycetes, Dictyosporiaceae), a new genus of lichenicolous fungi on Lobaria s. lat. for the Dothidea hymeniicola species complex. Mycologia 2021; 113:1233-1252. [PMID: 34591747 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2021.1966281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Two lichenicolous fungi, one growing on the thallus of Lobaria pulmonaria in the United Kingdom (Scotland) and the other in apothecia of Lobaria linita and L. oregana in northwestern North America (Alaska and British Columbia) and northeast Asia (Russian Far East, Khabarovsk Krai), show similarities to the species originally described as Dothidea hymeniicola (later transferred to Polycoccum s. lat and Endococcus) from a Lobaria s. lat. species in Central America. Critical morphological comparison showed that, despite the superficial resemblance between Alaskan, Canadian, Russian, and Scottish collections and the holotype of Dothidea hymeniicola, they can be distinguished by detailed microscopic analyses. Using three molecular markers, sequences of the nuc 18S, 28S, and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA regions of the recent Scottish and Alaskan collections were obtained. Phylogenetic analyses confirmed separation of the species and revealed them as a new lineage in Pleosporales, for which the new generic name Verrucoccum is introduced for the three species: V. coppinsii, sp. nov., V. hymeniicola, comb. nov. (syn. Dothidea hymeniicola), and V. spribillei, sp. nov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Atienza
- Departament de Botànica i Geologia, Facultat de Ciències Biològiques, Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner 50, ES-46 071 Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - David L Hawksworth
- Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom.,Comparative Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Surrey TW9 3DS, United Kingdom.,Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130118 China
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Lücking R, Leavitt SD, Hawksworth DL. Species in lichen-forming fungi: balancing between conceptual and practical considerations, and between phenotype and phylogenomics. FUNGAL DIVERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-021-00477-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AbstractLichens are symbiotic associations resulting from interactions among fungi (primary and secondary mycobionts), algae and/or cyanobacteria (primary and secondary photobionts), and specific elements of the bacterial microbiome associated with the lichen thallus. The question of what is a species, both concerning the lichen as a whole and its main fungal component, the primary mycobiont, has faced many challenges throughout history and has reached new dimensions with the advent of molecular phylogenetics and phylogenomics. In this paper, we briefly revise the definition of lichens and the scientific and vernacular naming conventions, concluding that the scientific, Latinized name usually associated with lichens invariably refers to the primary mycobiont, whereas the vernacular name encompasses the entire lichen. Although the same lichen mycobiont may produce different phenotypes when associating with different photobionts or growing in axenic culture, this discrete variation does not warrant the application of different scientific names, but must follow the principle "one fungus = one name". Instead, broadly agreed informal designations should be used for such discrete morphologies, such as chloromorph and cyanomorph for lichens formed by the same mycobiont but with either green algae or cyanobacteria. The taxonomic recognition of species in lichen-forming fungi is not different from other fungi and conceptual and nomenclatural approaches follow the same principles. We identify a number of current challenges and provide recommendations to address these. Species delimitation in lichen-forming fungi should not be tailored to particular species concepts but instead be derived from empirical evidence, applying one or several of the following principles in what we call the LPR approach: lineage (L) coherence vs. divergence (phylogenetic component), phenotype (P) coherence vs. divergence (morphological component), and/or reproductive (R) compatibility vs. isolation (biological component). Species hypotheses can be established based on either L or P, then using either P or L (plus R) to corroborate them. The reliability of species hypotheses depends not only on the nature and number of characters but also on the context: the closer the relationship and/or similarity between species, the higher the number of characters and/or specimens that should be analyzed to provide reliable delimitations. Alpha taxonomy should follow scientific evidence and an evolutionary framework but should also offer alternative practical solutions, as long as these are scientifically defendable. Taxa that are delimited phylogenetically but not readily identifiable in the field, or are genuinely cryptic, should not be rejected due to the inaccessibility of proper tools. Instead, they can be provisionally treated as undifferentiated complexes for purposes that do not require precise determinations. The application of infraspecific (gamma) taxonomy should be restricted to cases where there is a biological rationale, i.e., lineages of a species complex that show limited phylogenetic divergence but no evidence of reproductive isolation. Gamma taxonomy should not be used to denote discrete phenotypical variation or ecotypes not warranting the distinction at species level. We revise the species pair concept in lichen-forming fungi, which recognizes sexually and asexually reproducing morphs with the same underlying phenotype as different species. We conclude that in most cases this concept does not hold, but the actual situation is complex and not necessarily correlated with reproductive strategy. In cases where no molecular data are available or where single or multi-marker approaches do not provide resolution, we recommend maintaining species pairs until molecular or phylogenomic data are available. This recommendation is based on the example of the species pair Usnea aurantiacoatra vs. U. antarctica, which can only be resolved with phylogenomic approaches, such as microsatellites or RADseq. Overall, we consider that species delimitation in lichen-forming fungi has advanced dramatically over the past three decades, resulting in a solid framework, but that empirical evidence is still missing for many taxa. Therefore, while phylogenomic approaches focusing on particular examples will be increasingly employed to resolve difficult species complexes, broad screening using single barcoding markers will aid in placing as many taxa as possible into a molecular matrix. We provide a practical protocol how to assess and formally treat taxonomic novelties. While this paper focuses on lichen fungi, many of the aspects discussed herein apply generally to fungal taxonomy. The new combination Arthonia minor (Lücking) Lücking comb. et stat. nov. (Bas.: Arthonia cyanea f. minor Lücking) is proposed.
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Leavitt SD, Hollinger J, Summerhays S, Munger I, Allen J, Smith B. Alpine lichen diversity in an isolated sky island in the Colorado Plateau, USA-Insight from an integrative biodiversity inventory. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:11090-11101. [PMID: 34429905 PMCID: PMC8366874 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lichens are major components of high altitude/latitude ecosystems. However, accurately characterizing their biodiversity is challenging because these regions and habitats are often underexplored, there are numerous poorly known taxonomic groups, and morphological variation in extreme environments can yield conflicting interpretations. Using an iterative taxonomic approach based on over 800 specimens and incorporating both traditional morphology-based identifications and information from the standard fungal DNA barcoding marker, we compiled a voucher-based inventory of biodiversity of lichen-forming fungi in a geographically limited and vulnerable alpine community in an isolated sky island in the Colorado Plateau, USA-the La Sal Mountains. We used the newly proposed Assemble Species by Automatic Partitioning (ASAP) approach to empirically delimit candidate species-level lineages from family-level multiple sequence alignments. Specimens comprising DNA-based candidate species were evaluated using traditional taxonomically diagnostic phenotypic characters to identify specimens to integrative species hypotheses and link these, where possible, to currently described species. Despite the limited alpine habitat (ca. 3,250 ha), we document the most diverse alpine lichen community known to date from the southern Rocky Mountains, with up to 240 candidate species/species-level lineages of lichen-forming fungi. 139 species were inferred using integrative taxonomy, plus an additional 52 candidate species within 29 different putative species complexes. Over 68% of sequences could not be assigned to species-level rank with statistical confidence, corroborating the limited utility of current sequence repositories for species-level DNA barcoding of lichen-forming fungi. By integrating vouchered specimens, DNA sequence data, and photographic documentation, we provide an important baseline of lichen-forming fungal diversity for the limited alpine habitat in the Colorado Plateau. These data provide an important resource for subsequent research in the ecology and evolution of lichens alpine habitats, including DNA barcodes for most putative species/species-level lineages occurring in the La Sal Mountains, and vouchered collections representing any potentially undescribed species that can be used for future taxonomic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven D. Leavitt
- M.L. Bean Life Science Museum & Department of BiologyBrigham Young UniversityProvoUtahUSA
| | - Jason Hollinger
- HerbariumDepartment of BiologyWestern Carolina UniversityCullowheeNorth CarolinaUSA
| | | | - Isaac Munger
- Department of BiologyBrigham Young UniversityProvoUtahUSA
| | - Jonah Allen
- Department of BiologyBrigham Young UniversityProvoUtahUSA
| | - Barb Smith
- Wildlife Biologist/Botanist, Moab DistrictManti–La Sal National ForestMoabUtahUSA
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Aime MC, Miller AN, Aoki T, Bensch K, Cai L, Crous PW, Hawksworth DL, Hyde KD, Kirk PM, Lücking R, May TW, Malosso E, Redhead SA, Rossman AY, Stadler M, Thines M, Yurkov AM, Zhang N, Schoch CL. How to publish a new fungal species, or name, version 3.0. IMA Fungus 2021; 12:11. [PMID: 33934723 PMCID: PMC8091500 DOI: 10.1186/s43008-021-00063-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now a decade since The International Commission on the Taxonomy of Fungi (ICTF) produced an overview of requirements and best practices for describing a new fungal species. In the meantime the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICNafp) has changed from its former name (the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature) and introduced new formal requirements for valid publication of species scientific names, including the separation of provisions specific to Fungi and organisms treated as fungi in a new Chapter F. Equally transformative have been changes in the data collection, data dissemination, and analytical tools available to mycologists. This paper provides an updated and expanded discussion of current publication requirements along with best practices for the description of new fungal species and publication of new names and for improving accessibility of their associated metadata that have developed over the last 10 years. Additionally, we provide: (1) model papers for different fungal groups and circumstances; (2) a checklist to simplify meeting (i) the requirements of the ICNafp to ensure the effective, valid and legitimate publication of names of new taxa, and (ii) minimally accepted standards for description; and, (3) templates for preparing standardized species descriptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Catherine Aime
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Andrew N. Miller
- Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820 USA
| | - Takayuki Aoki
- Genetic Resources Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602 Japan
| | - Konstanze Bensch
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Lei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, NO.1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Pedro W. Crous
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - David L. Hawksworth
- Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Surrey, TW9 3DS UK
- Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD UK
- Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118 Jilin Province China
| | - Kevin D. Hyde
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
| | - Paul M. Kirk
- Biodiversity Informatics & Spatial Analysis, Royal Botanic Garden Kew, Richmond, London, TW9 3AE UK
| | - Robert Lücking
- Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 6-8, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tom W. May
- Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Birdwood Avenue, Melbourne, Victoria 3004 Australia
| | - Elaine Malosso
- Departamento de Micologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE 50740-600 Brazil
| | - Scott A. Redhead
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Science and Technology Branch, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6 Canada
| | - Amy Y. Rossman
- Botany and Plant Pathology Department, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA
| | - Marc Stadler
- Department Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marco Thines
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andrey M. Yurkov
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA
| | - Conrad L. Schoch
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 45 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
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