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Raymond J, Morin A, Bradley-Garcia M, Plamondon H. Juvenile/Peripubertal Exposure to Omega-3 and Environmental Enrichment Differentially Affects CORT Secretion and Adulthood Stress Coping, Sociability, and CA3 Glucocorticoid Receptor Expression in Male and Female Rats. Nutrients 2024; 16:2350. [PMID: 39064793 PMCID: PMC11279577 DOI: 10.3390/nu16142350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In adult rats, omega-3 supplementation through fish oil (FO) and environmental enrichment (EE) have shown beneficial effects on cognition and stress regulation. This study assessed sex-specific effects of FO and EE during adolescence, a period critical for brain maturation, on adulthood coping mechanisms, sociability, and glucocorticoid regulation. An amount of 64 Wistar rats [n = 32/sex; postnatal day (PND) 23] were assigned to supplementation of control soybean oil (CSO) or menhaden fish oil (FO; 0.3 mL/100 g) from PND28 to 47 and exposed to EE or regular cage (RC) housing from PND28 to 58, with their blood corticosterone (CORT) levels being assessed weekly. As adults, exposure to repeated forced swim tests (FSTs; PND90-91) enabled analysis of coping responses, while socioemotional and memory responses were evaluated using the OFT, EPM, SIT, and Y maze tests (PND92-94). Immunohistochemistry determined hippocampal CA1/CA3 glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression (PND95). CORT secretion gradually increased as the supplementation period elapsed in female rats, while changes were minimal in males. Coping strategies in the FST differed between sexes, particularly in FO-fed rats, where females and males, respectively, favoured floating and tail support to minimise energy consumption and maintain immobility. In the SIT, FO/EE promoted sociability in females, while a CSO diet favoured social recognition in males. Reduced CA3 GR-ir expression was found in FO/RC and CSO/EE rat groups, supporting stress resilience and memory consolidation. Our findings support environment and dietary conditions to exert a sex-specific impact on biobehavioural responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hélène Plamondon
- Behavioural Neuroscience Group, School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (J.R.); (A.M.); (M.B.-G.)
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2
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Zhang T, Ye H, Pang X, Liu X, Hu Y, Wang Y, Zheng C, Jiao J, Xu X. Seafood intake in childhood/adolescence and the risk of obesity: results from a Nationwide Cohort Study. Nutr J 2024; 23:77. [PMID: 39010085 PMCID: PMC11251353 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-024-00986-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Obesity has been linked to various detrimental health consequences. While there is established evidence of a negative correlation between seafood consumption and obesity in adults, the current research on the association between seafood intake in childhood/adolescence and the risk of obesity is lacking. Our aim was to evaluate the association between seafood intake in childhood/adolescence and the risk of obesity in a Chinese nationwide cohort. METHODS We utilized data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) from the year of 1997 to 2015. Seafood consumption was evaluated through 3-day 24-hour recalls. In our study, overweight/obesity status was determined based on the Chinese Criteria of Overweight and Obesity in School-age Children and Adolescents (WS/T 586-2018), while abdominal obesity status was determined according to the Chinese Criteria of Waist Circumference Screening Threshold among Children and Adolescents (WS/T 611-2018). RESULTS During an average follow-up of 7.9 years, 404 cases developed overweight/obesity among 2206 participants in the seafood-overweight/obesity analysis, while 381 cases developed abdominal obesity among 2256 participants in the seafood-abdominal-obesity analysis. The high-consumer group was associated with 35% lower risk of overweight/obesity risk and 26% lower risk of abdominal obesity after fully adjusting for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, compared with the non-consumer group. Considering different cooking methods, boiled seafood consumption was associated with 43% lower risk of overweight/obesity and 23% lower risk of abdominal obesity in the fully adjusted model, while stir-fried seafood did not demonstrate a statistical significance. CONCLUSION Higher intake of seafood in childhood/adolescents, particularly in a boiled way, was associated with lower obesity risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyue Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hao Ye
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoqin Pang
- Department of Endocrinology, Haiyan People's Hospital, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yepeng Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuanyou Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chao Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jingjing Jiao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xiaohong Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Chen H, Wang J, Zheng B, Xia W, Tan G, Wu H, Wang Y, Deng Z, Wang Y, Zhang J, Zhang H. Association of serum fatty acid pattern with depression in U.S. adults: analysis of NHANES 2011-2012. Lipids Health Dis 2024; 23:177. [PMID: 38851716 PMCID: PMC11161977 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02142-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to different concentration levels of fatty acids (FAs) may have an impact on depression. However, previous studies using individual FAs may not reflect the performance of mixtures of various FAs, and the associations of FA patterns with depression remain unclear. METHODS We conducted the cross-sectional analysis in 792 adults aged 18 and older with available serum FAs and depression screening data in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2012. The serum concentrations of thirty FAs were measured using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and their percentage compositions were subsequently calculated. Depression was defined as the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 score ≥ 10. We employed principal component analysis to derive serum FA patterns. We examined the association between these patterns and depression in the overall population and various subgroups through survey-weighted logistic regression. RESULTS Four distinct patterns of serum FAs were identified: 'high eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA); low docosatetraenoic acid (DTA) and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) n-6', 'high long-chain saturated FA and long chain FA', 'low median-chain saturated FA and myristoleic acid' and 'low capric acid and lauric acid; high gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) and stearidonic acid (SDA)' pattern. Individuals in the high tertile of 'high EPA and DHA; low DTA and DPA n-6' pattern score had 0.46 (95% CI: 0.22, 0.93) lower odds of developing depression compared to individuals in the lowest tertile after adjusting for confounders such as age, sex, physical activity and total energy intake, etc. The odds ratio (OR) of depression was increased in the population with the highest tertile of 'low capric acid and lauric acid; high GLA and SDA' pattern (OR: 2.45, 95% CI: 1.24, 4.83). In subgroup analyses, we observed that the association between 'high EPA and DHA; low DTA and DPA n-6' and depression persisted among specific demographic and lifestyle subgroups, including females, non-Mexican Americans, non-obese, those aged over 60 years, smokers and drinkers. Similarly, 'low capric acid and lauric acid; high GLA and SDA' showed stable associations in female, non-Mexican Americans and smokers. CONCLUSIONS Serum FA patterns are associated with depression, and their relationships vary across sex, race, BMI, age, smoking and drinking subgroups, highlighting the importance of considering specific FA patterns within these demographic and lifestyle categories. Utilization of combined FA administration may serve as a mitigation measure against depression in these specific populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengying Chen
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jue Wang
- Huadu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Baohua Zheng
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wenqi Xia
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Gongjun Tan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhuhai Center for Maternal and Child Health Care, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongyuan Wu
- Department of Child Health, Zhuhai Center for Maternal and Child Health Care, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Postnatal Care Center (Department of Postpartum Rehabilitation), Zhuhai Center for Maternal and Child Health Care, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhen Deng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhuhai Center for Maternal and Child Health Care, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Yiyuan Wang
- Department of Child Health, Zhuhai Center for Maternal and Child Health Care, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianduan Zhang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Hongzhong Zhang
- Zhuhai Center for Maternal and Child Health Care, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China.
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Li X, Huang Z, Tian Y, Chen X, Wu H, Wang T. Association between plasma long-chain polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids concentrations and cognitive function: findings from NHANES III. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1305570. [PMID: 38756498 PMCID: PMC11098013 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1305570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background With increased life expectancy, cognitive decline has emerged as a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder. Objective This study aimed to examine the correlation between concentrations of Plasma long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) and cognitive performance in elderly Americans. Methods Data were analyzed from older adults enrolled in two NHANES cycles. Participants completed four cognitive assessments, including the Immediate Recall Test (IRT), Delayed Recall Test (DRT), Animal Fluency Test (AFT), and Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). Linear regression and restricted cubic spline modeling examined associations between plasma LCPUFAs levels and cognitive test outcomes. Results The cohort included 610 adults aged 69 years on average, 300 (49.2%) males and 310 (50.8%) females. The median LCPUFAs concentration was 309.4 μmol/L, with an interquartile range of 244.7-418.9 μmol/L. In unadjusted and adjusted generalized linear regression model analyses, circulating LCPUFAs exhibited significant positive correlations with DRT performance. No relationships were detected among those with chronic conditions (chronic heart failure, stroke, diabetes). A significant association between LCPUFAs levels and DRT scores was evident in males but not females. Conclusion Plasma LCPUFAs concentrations were significantly associated with DRT performance in males free of chronic illnesses, including heart failure, stroke, and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Li
- Department of Emergency, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zijie Huang
- Department of Emergency, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yueqin Tian
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xing Chen
- Department of Emergency, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haidong Wu
- Department of Emergency, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Emergency, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
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5
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Warren A. The relationship between gender differences in dietary habits, neuroinflammation, and Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1395825. [PMID: 38694261 PMCID: PMC11061392 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1395825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurocognitive decline is one of the foremost dire issues in medicine today. The mechanisms by which dementia pathogenesis ensues are complicated and multifactorial, particularly in the case of Alzheimer's disease (AD). One irrefutable, yet unexplained factor is the gender disparity in AD, in which women are disproportionately affected by AD, both in the rate and severity of the disease. Examining the multifaceted contributing causes along with unique gender dynamics in modifiable risk factors, such as diet, may lend some insight into why this disparity exists and potential paths forward. The aim of this brief narrative review is to summarize the current literature of gender differences in dietary habits and how they may relate to neuroinflammatory states that contribute to AD pathogenesis. As such, the interplay between diet, hormones, and inflammation will be discussed, along with potential interventions to inform care practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Warren
- The Department of Clinical Research and Leadership, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
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6
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Derbyshire EJ, Birch CS, Bonwick GA, English A, Metcalfe P, Li W. Optimal omegas - barriers and novel methods to narrow omega-3 gaps. A narrative review. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1325099. [PMID: 38371504 PMCID: PMC10869628 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1325099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Dietary intakes of omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (O3LC-PUFAs) such as eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid are central to development and health across the life course. O3LC-PUFAs have been linked to neurological development, maternal and child health and the etiology of certain non-communicable diseases including age-related cognitive decline, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. However, dietary inadequacies exist in the United Kingdom and on a wider global scale. One predominant dietary source of O3LC-PUFAs is fish and fish oils. However, growing concerns about overfishing, oceanic contaminants such as dioxins and microplastics and the trend towards plant-based diets appear to be acting as cumulative barriers to O3LC-PUFAs from these food sources. Microalgae are an alternative provider of O3LC-PUFA-rich oils. The delivery of these into food systems is gaining interest. The present narrative review aims to discuss the present barriers to obtaining suitable levels of O3LC-PUFAs for health and wellbeing. It then discusses potential ways forward focusing on innovative delivery methods to utilize O3LC-PUFA-rich oils including the use of fortification strategies, bioengineered plants, microencapsulation, and microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Phil Metcalfe
- Efficiency Technologies Limited, Milton Keynes, England, United Kingdom
| | - Weili Li
- University of Chester, Chester, United Kingdom
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7
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Gordon WC, Kautzmann MAI, Jun B, Cothern ML, Fang Z, Bazan NG. Rod-specific downregulation of omega-3 very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid pathway in age-related macular degeneration. Exp Eye Res 2023; 235:109639. [PMID: 37659709 PMCID: PMC11371070 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6) plays a key role in vision and is the precursor for very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLC-PUFAs). The release of 32- and 34-carbon VLC-PUFAs and DHA from sn-1 and sn-2 of phosphatidylcholine (PC) leads to the synthesis of cell-survival mediators, the elovanoids (ELVs) and neuroprotectin D1 (NPD1), respectively. Macula and periphery from age-related macular degeneration (AMD) donor retinas were assessed for the availability of DHA-related lipids by LC-MS/MS-based lipidomic analysis and MALDI-molecular imaging. We found reduced retina DHA and VLC-PUFA pathways to synthesize omega-3 ELVs from precursors that likely resulted in altered disks and photoreceptor loss. Additionally, we compared omega-3 (n-3) fatty acid with DHA (22:6) and omega-6 (n-6) fatty acid with arachidonic acid (AA; 20:4) pathways. n-3 PC(22:6/22:6, 44:12) and n-6 PC(20:4/20:4, 40:8) showed differences among male/female, macula/periphery, and normal/AMD retinas. Periphery of AMD retina males increased 44:12 abundance, while normal females increased 40:8 (all macula had an upward 40:8 tendency). We also showed that female AMD switched from n-3 to n-6 fatty acids; most changes in AMD occurred in the periphery of female AMD retinas. DHA and VLC-PUFA release from PCs leads to conversion in pro-survival NPD1 and ELVs. The loss of the neuroprotective precursors of ELVs in the retina periphery from AMD facilitates uncompensated stress and cell loss. In AMD, the female retina loses peripheral rods VLC-PUFAs to about 33% less than in males limiting ELV formation and its protective bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- William C Gordon
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, 2020 Gravier Street, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Marie-Audrey I Kautzmann
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, 2020 Gravier Street, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Bokkyoo Jun
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, 2020 Gravier Street, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Megan L Cothern
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, 2020 Gravier Street, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Zhide Fang
- Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, 2020 Gravier Street, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Nicolas G Bazan
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, 2020 Gravier Street, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
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8
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Gu S, Zhang Q, Gu J, Wang C, Chu M, Li J, Mo X. The stereoselective metabolic disruption of cypermethrin on rats by a sub-acute study based on metabolomics. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:31130-31140. [PMID: 36441315 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24359-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Due to the massive application of cypermethrin (CYP) for pest control in China, the adverse effects on non-target organisms have aroused great attention. However, comparative studies between its different stereoisomers remain scarce, especially for metabolism perturbations. Herein, the rats were administered α-CYP, β-CYP, and θ-CYP by gavage at doses of 8.5, 29.2, and 25.0 mg/kg/day, respectively, for 28 consecutive days. By blood examination, significant changes in liver and renal function parameters were observed in rats exposed to all three CYPs. The stereoisomeric selectivity in metabolic disturbances was assessed based on a metabolomic strategy via multivariate analysis and pathway analysis. The results demonstrated that amino acid and glycolipid metabolism were disrupted in all CYP groups. Among them, the most significant changes in the metabolic phenotype were observed in the θ-CYP group, with 56 differential metabolites enriched in 9 differential metabolic pathways. At the same time, the endogenous metabolite trimethylamine oxide (TMAO), which is closely linked to the gut microbiota, was also significantly elevated in this group. Gender differences were found in α- and θ-CYP-exposed rats, with perturbations in amino acid and glucose metabolism of greater concern in females and lipid metabolism of greater concern in males. Overall, β-CYP exhibited a lower risk of metabolic perturbations than α-CYP or θ-CYP, which helps to screen suitable agrochemical products for green agricultural development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Gu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, Zhejiang, China
| | - Quan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jinping Gu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cui Wang
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Mengjie Chu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xunjie Mo
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, Zhejiang, China
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Djuricic I, Calder PC. Pros and Cons of Long-Chain Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Cardiovascular Health. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2023; 63:383-406. [PMID: 36662586 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-051921-090208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are found in seafood, supplements, and concentrated pharmaceutical preparations. Prospective cohort studies demonstrate an association between higher intakes of EPA+DHA or higher levels of EPA and DHA in the body and lower risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD), especially coronary heart disease and myocardial infarction, and of cardiovascular mortality in the general population. The cardioprotective effect of EPA and DHA is due to the beneficial modulation of a number of risk factors for CVD. Some large trials support the use of EPA+DHA (or EPA alone) in high-risk patients, although the evidence is inconsistent. This review presents key studies of EPA and DHA in the primary and secondary prevention of CVD, briefly describes potential mechanisms of action, and discusses recently published RCTs and meta-analyses. Potential adverse aspects of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids in relation to CVD are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Djuricic
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Philip C Calder
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom;
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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10
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Chen Z, Lu Q, Wang J, Cao X, Wang K, Wang Y, Wu Y, Yang Z. The function of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in response to cadmium exposure. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1023999. [PMID: 36248838 PMCID: PMC9558127 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1023999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Throughout history, pollution has become a part of our daily life with the improvement of life quality and the advancement of industry and heavy industry. In recent years, the adverse effects of heavy metals, such as cadmium (Cd), on human health have been widely discussed, particularly on the immune system. Here, this review summarizes the available evidence on how Cd exposure may affect health. By analyzing the general manifestations of inflammation caused by Cd exposure, we find that the role of omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in vivo can counteract Cd-induced harm. Additionally, we elucidate the effects of n-3 PUFAs on the immune system, and analyze their prophylactic and therapeutic effects on Cd exposure. Overall, this review highlights the role of n-3 PUFAs in the pathological changes induced by Cd exposure. Although n-3 PUFAs remain to be verified whether they can be used as therapeutic agents, as rehabilitation therapy, supplementation with n-3 PUFAs is reliable and effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qinyue Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jiacheng Wang
- College of Medical, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Kun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yuhao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yanni Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhangping Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhangping Yang,
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11
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Chen Y, Kim M, Paye S, Benayoun BA. Sex as a Biological Variable in Nutrition Research: From Human Studies to Animal Models. Annu Rev Nutr 2022; 42:227-250. [PMID: 35417195 PMCID: PMC9398923 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-062220-105852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Biological sex is a fundamental source of phenotypic variability across species. Males and females have different nutritional needs and exhibit differences in nutrient digestion and utilization, leading to different health outcomes throughout life. With personalized nutrition gaining popularity in scientific research and clinical practice, it is important to understand the fundamentals of sex differences in nutrition research. Here, we review key studies that investigate sex dimorphism in nutrition research: sex differences in nutrient intake and metabolism, sex-dimorphic response in nutrient-restricted conditions, and sex differences in diet and gut microbiome interactions. Within each area above, factors from sex chromosomes, sex hormones, and sex-specific loci are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Chen
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA;
| | - Minhoo Kim
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA;
| | - Sanjana Paye
- Department of Molecular and Computational Biology, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Bérénice A Benayoun
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA;
- Department of Molecular and Computational Biology, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Epigenetics and Gene Regulation Program, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- USC Stem Cell Initiative, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Heras-Molina A, Escudero R, Pesántez-Pacheco JL, García-Contreras C, Vázquez-Gómez M, Astiz S, Óvilo C, González-Bulnes A, Isabel B. Maternal Supplementation with Polyphenols and Omega-3 Fatty Acids during Pregnancy: Prenatal Effects on Fetal Fatty Acid Composition in the Iberian Pig. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12162140. [PMID: 36009731 PMCID: PMC9405247 DOI: 10.3390/ani12162140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The present study aimed to determine the effects of maternal dietary supplementation combining hydroxytyrosol and n3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n3-PUFA) from day 35 to day 100 of gestation on the fatty acid (FA) composition of the offspring tissues of the Iberian pig. No effects were found in the plasma FA composition of the dams but higher levels of n3-PUFA were found in the plasma and different tissues (muscle, liver, and brain) of the supplemented fetuses. These findings may have important implications for piglets’ health and may offer guidance for achieving human dietary n3-PUFA recommendations. Abstract Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) is a major problem in pig production and different strategies, mainly maternal supplementation with different agents, are currently being studied. The combination of hydroxytyrosol and n3-PUFA seems to be a promising treatment to counteract IUGR, since the combination may help improve n3-PUFA composition and lower the inflammatory status of IUGR piglets. The aim of the present study is to determine the effects of a maternal supplementation, from day 35 to day 100 of pregnancy, with linseed oil and hydroxytyrosol on the fetal FA composition. The results showed higher n3 levels, including eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic FA in the offspring from treated gilts, which showed lower n6-PUFA/n3-PUFA (n6/n3) ratios. Saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids were also affected by treatment, especially in the muscle and brain. Thus, a maternal supplementation with linseed oil and hydroxytyrosol affected the fetal FA tissue composition, which could have implications in pig production due to the improvement of the piglets’ health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Heras-Molina
- CSIC-INIA, Ctra. De La Coruña Km. 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Escudero
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - José L. Pesántez-Pacheco
- CSIC-INIA, Ctra. De La Coruña Km. 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Cuenca, Avda. Doce de Octubre, Cuenca 010220, Ecuador
| | | | - Marta Vázquez-Gómez
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Nutrition and Obesities: Systemic Approaches Research Unit (NutriOmics), INSERM, Sorbonne Université, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Susana Astiz
- CSIC-INIA, Ctra. De La Coruña Km. 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Óvilo
- CSIC-INIA, Ctra. De La Coruña Km. 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio González-Bulnes
- CSIC-INIA, Ctra. De La Coruña Km. 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, C/Tirant lo Blanc, 7. Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.G.-B.); (B.I.)
| | - Beatriz Isabel
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.G.-B.); (B.I.)
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13
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Susceptibility of Female Mice to the Dietary Omega-3/Omega-6 Fatty-Acid Ratio: Effects on Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Glia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063399. [PMID: 35328825 PMCID: PMC8950413 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal intake of omega-3 (n-3 PUFAs) and omega-6 (n-6 PUFAs) polyunsaturated fatty acids impacts hippocampal neurogenesis during development, an effect that may extend to adulthood by altering adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN). The n-3 PUFAs and n-6 PUFAs are precursors of inflammatory regulators that potentially affect AHN and glia. Additionally, n-3 PUFA dietary supplementation may present a sexually dimorphic action in the brain. Therefore, we postulated that dietary n-6/n-3 PUFA balance shapes the adult DG in a sex-dependent manner influencing AHN and glia. We test our hypothesis by feeding adult female and male mice with n-3 PUFA balanced or deficient diets. To analyze the immunomodulatory potential of the diets, we injected mice with the bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS reduced neuroblast number, and its effect was exacerbated by the n-3 PUFA-deficient diet. The n-3 PUFA-deficient diet reduced the DG volume, AHN, microglia number, and surveilled volume. The diet effect on most mature neuroblasts was exclusively significant in female mice. Colocalization and multivariate analysis revealed an association between microglia and AHN, as well as the sexual dimorphic effect of diet. Our study reveals that female mice are more susceptible than males to the effect of dietary n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio on AHN and microglia.
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Stute P, Wienges J, Koller AS, Giese C, Wesemüller W, Janka H, Baumgartner S. Cognitive health after menopause: Does menopausal hormone therapy affect it? Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 35:101565. [PMID: 34538724 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2021.101565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Dementia is a pandemic chronic non-communicable disease. 10 in 100 women above age 65 will be diagnosed with dementia, primarily Alzheimer's disease (AD). Apart from age and hereditary risk factors, there are multiple acquired risk and protective factors. So far, Menopausal Hormone Therapy (MHT) is not recommended as preventive measure. A systematic literature search on MHT and dementia risk and MHT and cognitive performance in demented women, respectively, was performed. Two recent meta-analyses identified 18 and 16 studies analyzing the impact of MHT on dementia/AD risk. Our systematic literature search identified eight additional original articles. The majority of studies found a risk reducing impact of MHT by 11-33%. However, results may vary depending on MHT type, age at initiation and study design. For example, the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study (WHIMS) reported an approximately 2-fold increased risk of dementia/Alzheimer's disease if MHT comprising conjugated equine estrogens and medroxyprogesterone acetate was initiated in predominantly comorbid postmenopausal women above age 65. In general, MHT displays a beneficial effect on several dementia risk factors and also augments some protective factors. Accordingly, clinicians can be reassured that MHT can be safely prescribed in the context of cognition in women free of dementia. However, MHT is not indicated for cognitive improvement in demented women. International scientific guidelines on MHT and dementia should consider incorporating most recent data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Stute
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Friedbühlstrasse 19, 3010, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Johanna Wienges
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Friedbühlstrasse 19, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Sophie Koller
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Friedbühlstrasse 19, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christina Giese
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Evangelisches Diakoniekrankenhaus Freiburg, Wirthstrasse 11, 79110, Freiburg Im Breisgau, Germany.
| | - Wiebke Wesemüller
- Aerzte Am Boulevard, Hauptstrasse 54, 8280, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland.
| | - Heidrun Janka
- Medical Library, University Library Bern, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 4, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Sabrina Baumgartner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Zürich, Frauenklinikstrasse 10, 8091, Zürich, Switzerland.
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Demmelmair H, Koletzko B. Perinatal Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Status and Obesity Risk. Nutrients 2021; 13:3882. [PMID: 34836138 PMCID: PMC8625539 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
High obesity rates in almost all regions of the world prompt an urgent need for effective obesity prevention. Very good scientific evidence from cell culture and rodent studies show that the availability of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and their long-chain polyunsaturated derivatives, namely, arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, influence adipogenesis; for this reason, early life status may influence later obesity risk. The respective PUFA effects could be mediated via their eicosanoid derivatives, their influence on cell membrane properties, the browning of white adipose tissue, changes to the offspring gut microbiome, their influence on developing regulatory circuits, and gene expression during critical periods. Randomized clinical trials and observational studies show divergent findings in humans, with mostly null findings but also the positive and negative effects of an increased n-3 to n-6 PUFA ratio on BMI and fat mass development. Hence, animal study findings cannot be directly extrapolated to humans. Even though the mechanistic data basis for the effects of n-3 PUFA on obesity risk appears promising, no recommendations for humans can be derived at present.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Berthold Koletzko
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Department Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, University of Munich Medical Centre, LMU—Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, D-80337 Munich, Germany;
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Platelet Responses in Cardiovascular Disease: Sex-Related Differences in Nutritional and Pharmacological Interventions. Cardiovasc Ther 2020; 2020:2342837. [PMID: 32547635 PMCID: PMC7273457 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2342837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) represent one of the biggest causes of death globally, and their prevalence, aetiology, and outcome are related to genetic, metabolic, and environmental factors, among which sex- and age-dependent differences may play a key role. Among CVD risk factors, platelet hyperactivity deserves particular mention, as it is involved in the pathophysiology of main cardiovascular events (including stroke, myocardial infarction, and peripheral vascular injury) and is closely related to sex/age differences. Several determinants (e.g., hormonal status and traditional cardiovascular risk factors), together with platelet-related factors (e.g., plasma membrane composition, receptor signaling, and platelet-derived microparticles) can elucidate sex-related disparity in platelet functionality and CVD onset and outcome, especially in relation to efficacy of current primary and secondary interventional strategies. Here, we examined the state of the art concerning sex differences in platelet biology and their relationship with specific cardiovascular events and responses to common antiplatelet therapies. Moreover, as healthy nutrition is widely recognized to play a key role in CVD, we also focused our attention on specific dietary components (especially polyunsaturated fatty acids and flavonoids) and patterns (such as Mediterranean diet), which also emerged to impact platelet functions in a sex-dependent manner. These results highlight that full understanding of gender-related differences will be useful for designing personalized strategies, in order to prevent and/or treat platelet-mediated vascular damage.
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Inter-individual differences in the nutrition response: from research to recommendations. Proc Nutr Soc 2020; 79:171-173. [DOI: 10.1017/s0029665119001198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The 2019 Nutrition Society Spring Conference, which convened in Dundee, focused on the challenges presented by inter-individual differences in the responses to nutrition and in conducting nutritional research. The programme brought together national and international experts to discuss the collective evidence on inter-individual nutritional responses and impacts on health. Speakers and delegates from across the UK, Europe and the USA debated new methods of conducting research in nutrition and discussed the development of appropriate dietary interventions to maintain health and prevent disease in diverse populations. Symposium 1 focused on the effects of ethnicity on nutrient availability and type 2 diabetes and cardio-metabolic disease. Symposium 2 explored sex differences in nutrient availability and health and metabolism. The final symposium examined genetic and phenotypic variation, nutrition and health. The meeting ended with a panel discussion about how we take research to recommendations and concluded with a need to consider inter-individual differences in planning, conducting and analysing nutritional research.
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