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Borrego-Ruiz A, Borrego JJ. Human gut microbiome, diet, and mental disorders. Int Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s10123-024-00518-6. [PMID: 38561477 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-024-00518-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Diet is one of the most important external factor shaping the composition and metabolic activities of the gut microbiome. The gut microbiome plays a crucial role in host health, including immune system development, nutrients metabolism, and the synthesis of bioactive molecules. In addition, the gut microbiome has been described as critical for the development of several mental disorders. Nutritional psychiatry is an emerging field of research that may provide a link between diet, microbial function, and brain health. In this study, we have reviewed the influence of different diet types, such as Western, Mediterranean, vegetarian, and ketogenic, on the gut microbiota composition and function, and their implication in various neuropsychiatric and psychological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Borrego-Ruiz
- Departamento de Psicología Social y de las Organizaciones, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan J Borrego
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Málaga. Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina BIONAND, Málaga, Spain.
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Shively CA, Frye BM, Negrey JD, Johnson CSC, Sutphen CL, Molina AJA, Yadav H, Snyder-Mackler N, Register TC. The interactive effects of psychosocial stress and diet composition on health in primates. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 152:105320. [PMID: 37453725 PMCID: PMC10424262 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Social disadvantage and diet composition independently impact myriad dimensions of health. They are closely entwined, as social disadvantage often yields poor diet quality, and may interact to fuel differential health outcomes. This paper reviews effects of psychosocial stress and diet composition on health in nonhuman primates and their implications for aging and human health. We examined the effects of social subordination stress and Mediterranean versus Western diet on multiple systems. We report that psychosocial stress and Western diet have independent and additive adverse effects on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and autonomic nervous system reactivity to psychological stressors, brain structure, and ovarian function. Compared to the Mediterranean diet, the Western diet resulted in accelerated aging, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, insulin resistance, gut microbial changes associated with increased disease risk, neuroinflammation, neuroanatomical perturbations, anxiety, and social isolation. This comprehensive, multisystem investigation lays the foundation for future investigations of the mechanistic underpinnings of psychosocial stress and diet effects on health, and advances the promise of the Mediterranean diet as a therapeutic intervention on psychosocial stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol A Shively
- Department of Pathology, Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
| | - Brett M Frye
- Department of Pathology, Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Department of Biology, Emory and Henry College, Emory, VA, USA
| | - Jacob D Negrey
- Department of Pathology, Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | | | - Courtney L Sutphen
- Department of Pathology, Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | | | - Hariom Yadav
- Center for Microbiome Research, Microbiomes Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Noah Snyder-Mackler
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA; School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA; School for Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Thomas C Register
- Department of Pathology, Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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England C, Mitchell A, Atkinson C. Diet After Ileostomy Study: an observational study describing dietary intake and stoma-related symptoms in people with an ileostomy. J Hum Nutr Diet 2023; 36:1600-1612. [PMID: 36932682 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.13168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with ileostomy are frequently advised to avoid specific foods and food groups, making it plausible that they are at risk of a range of nutrition-related adverse health consequences. Despite this there has been no recent study in the United Kingdom describing dietary intake, symptoms and food avoidance in people with ileostomy or post-reversal. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted at different time points in people with ileostomy and reversal. Participants were recruited at 6-10 weeks post-formation (n = 17) and ≥12 months with established ileostomy (n = 16) and with reversal (n = 20). In all participants, ileostomy/bowel-related symptoms in the previous week were assessed using a study-specific questionnaire. Dietary intake was assessed using three online diet recalls or 3-day dietary records. Food avoidance and reasons for food avoidance were assessed. Data were summarised using descriptive statistics. RESULTS Participants reported a few ileostomy/bowel-related symptoms in the previous week. However, over 85% of participants reported avoiding foods, particularly fruits and vegetables. At 6-10 weeks the most common reason was being advised to do so (71%), although 53% avoided foods due to gas. At ≥12 months the most common reasons were foods visible in the bag (60%) or advised to do so (60%). Reported intakes of most nutrients were comparable to population medians, apart from lower fibre in people with ileostomy. Intakes of free sugars and saturated fats were above recommended levels in all groups, due to high consumption of cakes and biscuits and sugar-sweetened drinks. CONCLUSION After the initial healing period, foods should not be automatically excluded unless found to be problematic after reintroduction. There may be a need for healthy eating advice for people with established ileostomies and post-reversal, targeting discretionary high-fat, high-sugar foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare England
- National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Alexandra Mitchell
- National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Charlotte Atkinson
- National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Sweetman AK, Carter J, Perez-Cornago A, Gao M, Jebb SA, Piernas C. Dietary pattern adherence in association with changes in body composition and adiposity measurements in the UK Biobank study. Obes Res Clin Pract 2023; 17:233-241. [PMID: 37230811 PMCID: PMC10659985 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2023.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unhealthy dietary patterns (DP) have been frequently linked to avoidable ill-health, mediated in part through higher body mass index. However it is unclear how these patterns relate to specific components of body composition or fat distribution, and whether this may explain reported gender differences in the relationship between diet and health. METHODS Data from 101,046 UK Biobank participants with baseline bioimpedance analysis and anthropometric measures and dietary information on two or more occasions were used, of which 21,387 participants had repeated measures at follow up. Multivariable linear regressions estimated the associations between DP adherence (categorised in quintiles Q1-Q5) and body composition measures adjusted for a range of demographic and lifestyle confounders. RESULTS After 8.1 years of follow-up, individuals with high adherence (Q5) to the DP showed significantly positive changes in fat mass (mean, 95 % CI): 1.26 (1.12-1.39) kg in men, 1.11 (0.88-1.35) kg in women vs low adherence (Q1) - 0.09 (- 0.28 to 0.10) kg in men and - 0.26 (- 0.42 to - 0.11) kg in women; as well as in waist circumference (Q5): 0.93 (0.63-1.22) cm in men and 1.94 (1.63, 2.25) cm in women vs Q1 - 1.06 (- 1.34 to - 0.78) cm in men and 0.27 (- 0.02 to 0.57) cm in women. CONCLUSION Adherence to an unhealthy DP is positively associated with increased adiposity, especially in the abdominal region, which may help explain the observed associations with adverse health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Sweetman
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jennifer Carter
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Aurora Perez-Cornago
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Min Gao
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Susan A Jebb
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Primary Care Building, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Carmen Piernas
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Primary Care Building, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Faculty of Pharmacy, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
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