1
|
Qazi IH, Yuan T, Yang S, Angel C, Liu J. Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analyses of MetAP2 gene and protein of Nosema bombycis isolated from Guangdong, China. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1429169. [PMID: 39005720 PMCID: PMC11239577 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1429169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Pebrine, caused by microsporidium Nosema bombycis, is a devastating disease that causes serious economic damages to the sericulture industry. Studies on development of therapeutic and diagnostic options for managing pebrine in silkworms are very limited. Methionine aminopeptidase type 2 (MetAP2) of microsporidia is an essential gene for their survival and has been exploited as the cellular target of drugs such as fumagillin and its analogues in several microsporidia spp., including Nosema of honeybees. Methods In the present study, using molecular and bioinformatics tools, we performed in-depth characterization and phylogenetic analyses of MetAP2 of Nosema bombycis isolated from Guangdong province of China. Results The full length of MetAP2 gene sequence of Nosema bombycis (Guangdong isolate) was found to be 1278 base pairs (bp), including an open reading frame of 1,077 bp, encoding a total of 358 amino acids. The bioinformatics analyses predicted the presence of typical alpha-helix structural elements, and absence of transmembrane domains and signal peptides. Additionally, other characteristics of a stable protein were also predicted. The homology-based 3D models of MetAP2 of Nosema bombycis (Guangdong isolate) with high accuracy and reliability were developed. The MetAP2 protein was expressed and purified. The observed molecular weight of MetAP2 protein was found to be ~43-45 kDa. The phylogenetic analyses showed that MetAP2 gene and amino acids sequences of Nosema bombycis (Guangdong isolate) shared a close evolutionary relationship with Nosema spp. of wild silkworms, but it was divergent from microsporidian spp. of other insects, Aspergillus spp., Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and higher animals including humans. These analyses indicated that the conservation and evolutionary relationships of MetAP2 are closely linked to the species relationships. Conclusion This study provides solid foundational information that could be helpful in optimization and development of diagnostic and treatment options for managing the threat of Nosema bombycis infection in sericulture industry of China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Izhar Hyder Qazi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Yuan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sijia Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Christiana Angel
- Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sakrand, Pakistan
| | - Jiping Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen Y, Wei E, Chen Y, He P, Wang R, Wang Q, Tang X, Zhang Y, Zhu F, Shen Z. Identification and subcellular localization analysis of membrane protein Ycf 1 in the microsporidian Nosema bombycis. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13530. [PMID: 35833014 PMCID: PMC9272817 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Microsporidia are obligate intracellular parasites that can infect a wide range of vertebrates and invertebrates including humans and insects, such as silkworm and bees. The microsporidium Nosema bombycis can cause pebrine in Bombyx mori, which is the most destructive disease in the sericulture industry. Although membrane proteins are involved in a wide range of cellular functions and part of many important metabolic pathways, there are rare reports about the membrane proteins of microsporidia up to now. We screened a putative membrane protein Ycf 1 from the midgut transcriptome of the N. bombycis-infected silkworm. Gene cloning and bioinformatics analysis showed that the Ycf 1 gene contains a complete open reading frame (ORF) of 969 bp in length encoding a 322 amino acid polypeptide that has one signal peptide and one transmembrane domain. Indirect immunofluorescence results showed that Ycf 1 protein is distributed on the plasma membrane. Expression pattern analysis showed that the Ycf 1 gene expressed in all developmental stages of N. bombycis. Knockdown of the Ycf 1 gene by RNAi effectively inhibited the proliferation of N. bombycis. These results indicated that Ycf 1 is a membrane protein and plays an important role in the life cycle of N. bombycis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chen
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Erjun Wei
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Chen
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ping He
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Runpeng Wang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Sericulture, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xudong Tang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Sericulture, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yiling Zhang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Sericulture, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, Shangdong, China
| | - Zhongyuan Shen
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Sericulture, Zhenjiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang X, Feng H, He J, Liang X, Zhang N, Shao Y, Zhang F, Lu X. The gut commensal bacterium Enterococcus faecalis LX10 contributes to defending against Nosema bombycis infection in Bombyx mori. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:2215-2227. [PMID: 35192238 PMCID: PMC9314687 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microsporidia, a group of obligate intracellular fungal-related parasites, have been used as efficient biocontrol agents for agriculture and forestry pests due to their host specificity and transovarial transmission. They mainly infect insect pests through the intestinal tract, but the interactions between microsporidia and the gut microbiota of the host have not been well demonstrated. RESULTS Based on the microsporidia-Bombyx mori model, we report that the susceptibility of silkworms to exposure to the microsporidium Nosema bombycis was both dose and time dependent. Comparative analyses of the silkworm gut microbiome revealed substantially increased abundance of Enterococcus belonging to Firmicutes after N. bombycis infection. Furthermore, a bacterial strain (LX10) was obtained from the gut of B. mori and identified as Enterococcus faecalis based on 16S rRNA sequence analysis. E. faecalis LX10 reduced the N. bombycis spore germination rate and the infection efficiency in vitro and in vivo, as confirmed by bioassay tests and histopathological analyses. In addition, after simultaneous oral feeding with E. faecalis LX10 and N. bombycis, gene (Akirin, Cecropin A, Mesh, Ssk, DUOX and NOS) expression, hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide levels, and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity showed different degrees of recovery and correction compared with those under N. bombycis infection alone. Finally, the enterococcin LX protein was identified from sterile LX10 fermentation liquid based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. CONCLUSION Altogether, the results revealed that E. faecalis LX10 with anti-N. bombycis activity might play an important role in protecting silkworms from microsporidia. Removal of these specific commensal bacteria with antibiotics and utilization of transgenic symbiotic systems may effectively improve the biocontrol value of microsporidia. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiancui Zhang
- Institute of Sericulture and Apiculture, College of Animal SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Huihui Feng
- Institute of Sericulture and Apiculture, College of Animal SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Jintao He
- Institute of Sericulture and Apiculture, College of Animal SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Xili Liang
- Institute of Sericulture and Apiculture, College of Animal SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Nan Zhang
- Institute of Sericulture and Apiculture, College of Animal SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yongqi Shao
- Institute of Sericulture and Apiculture, College of Animal SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Fan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life ScienceShandong Normal UniversityJinanChina
| | - Xingmeng Lu
- Institute of Sericulture and Apiculture, College of Animal SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tamim El Jarkass H, Reinke AW. The ins and outs of host-microsporidia interactions during invasion, proliferation and exit. Cell Microbiol 2020; 22:e13247. [PMID: 32748538 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Microsporidia are a large group of fungal-related obligate intracellular parasites. They are responsible for infections in humans as well as in agriculturally and environmentally important animals. Although microsporidia are abundant in nature, many of the molecular mechanisms employed during infection have remained enigmatic. In this review, we highlight recent work showing how microsporidia invade, proliferate and exit from host cells. During invasion, microsporidia use spore wall and polar tube proteins to interact with host receptors and adhere to the host cell surface. In turn, the host has multiple defence mechanisms to prevent and eliminate these infections. Microsporidia encode numerous transporters and steal host nutrients to facilitate proliferation within host cells. They also encode many secreted proteins which may modulate host metabolism and inhibit host cell defence mechanisms. Spores exit the host in a non-lytic manner that is dependent on host actin and endocytic recycling proteins. Together, this work provides a fuller picture of the mechanisms that these fascinating organisms use to infect their hosts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aaron W Reinke
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dong Z, Long J, Huang L, Hu Z, Chen P, Hu N, Zheng N, Huang X, Lu C, Pan M. Construction and application of an HSP70 promoter-inducible genome editing system in transgenic silkworm to induce resistance to Nosema bombycis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:9583-9592. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10135-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
6
|
Liu H, Li M, Cai S, He X, Shao Y, Lu X. Ricin-B-lectin enhances microsporidia Nosema bombycis infection in BmN cells from silkworm Bombyx mori. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2016; 48:1050-1057. [PMID: 27649890 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmw093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nosema bombycis is an obligate intracellular parasitic fungus that utilizes a distinctive mechanism to infect Bombyx mori Spore germination can be used for host cell invasion; however, the detailed mechanism remains to be elucidated. The ricin-B-lectin (RBL) gene is significantly differentially regulated after N. bombycis spore germination, and NbRBL might play roles in spore germination and infection. In this study, the biological function of NbRBL was examined. Protein sequence analysis showed that NbRBL is a secreted protein that attaches to carbohydrates. The relative expression level of the NbRBL gene was low during the first 30 h post-infection (hpi) in BmN cells, and high expression was detected from 42 hpi. Gene cloning, prokaryotic expression, and antibody preparation for NbRBL were performed. NbRBL was detected in total and secreted proteins using western blot analysis. Subcellular localization analysis showed that NbRBL is an intracellular protein. Spore adherence and infection assays showed that NbRBL could enhance spore adhesion to BmN cells; the proliferative activities of BmN cells incubated with anti-NbRBL were higher than those in negative control groups after N. bombycis infection; and the treatment groups showed less damage from spore invasion. We therefore, propose that NbRBL is released during spore germination, enhances spore adhesion to BmN cells, and contributes to spore invasion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Liu
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Pathology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mingqian Li
- Cancer Institute of Integrative Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shunfeng Cai
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Pathology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xinyi He
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Pathology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yongqi Shao
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Pathology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xingmeng Lu
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Pathology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu H, Chen B, Hu S, Liang X, Lu X, Shao Y. Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Germination of Nosema bombycis Spores under Extremely Alkaline Conditions. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1459. [PMID: 27708628 PMCID: PMC5030232 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The microsporidian Nosema bombycis is an obligate intracellular pathogen of the silkworm Bombyx mori, causing the epidemic disease Pebrine and extensive economic losses in sericulture. Although N. bombycis forms spores with rigid spore walls that protect against various environmental pressures, ingested spores germinate immediately under the extremely alkaline host gut condition (Lepidoptera gut pH > 10.5), which is a key developmental turning point from dormant state to infected state. However, to date this process remains poorly understood due to the complexity of the animal digestive tract and the lack of genetic tools for microsporidia. Here we show, using an in vitro spore germination model, how the proteome of N. bombycis changes during germination, analyse specific metabolic pathways employed in detail, and validate key functional proteins in vivo in silkworms. By a label-free quantitative proteomics approach that is directly based on high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) data, a total of 1136 proteins were identified with high confidence, with 127 proteins being significantly changed in comparison to non-germinated spores. Among them, structural proteins including polar tube protein 1 and 3 and spore wall protein (SWP) 4 and 30 were found to be significantly down-regulated, but SWP9 significantly up-regulated. Some nucleases like polynucleotide kinase/phosphatase and flap endonucleases 1, together with a panel of hydrolases involved in protein degradation and RNA cleavage were overrepresented too upon germination, which implied that they might play important roles during spore germination. The differentially regulated trends of these genes were validated, respectively, by quantitative RT-PCR and 3 proteins of interest were confirmed by Western blotting analyses in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the pathway analysis showed that abundant up- and down-regulations appear involved in the glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, purine, and pyrimidine metabolism, suggesting preparations of energy generation and substance synthesis for the following invasion and proliferation inside the host. This report, to our knowledge, provides the first proteomic landscape of N. bombycis spores, and also a stepping stone on the way to further study of the unique infection mode of this economically important pathogen and other microsporidia in general.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Liu
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Pathology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China
| | - Bosheng Chen
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Pathology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China
| | - Sirui Hu
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Pathology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China
| | - Xili Liang
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Pathology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China
| | - Xingmeng Lu
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Pathology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongqi Shao
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Pathology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
He X, Fu Z, Li M, Liu H, Cai S, Man N, Lu X. Nosema bombycis (Microsporidia) suppresses apoptosis in BmN cells (Bombyx mori). Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2015; 47:696-702. [PMID: 26188202 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmv062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nosema bombycis (N. bombycis, Nb) is a fungus-related and obligate intracellular parasite that causes chronic pebrine disease in the silkworm. After infecting the host, spores obtain energy from host cells and survive for several days. This symbiosis between the pathogen and the host cell suggests that N. bombycis prevents apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production of host cells to create the optimal environmental conditions for its growth and development. In this study, different methods were used to prove that N. bombycis suppressed apoptosis in BmN cells. Flow cytometry analysis results showed that spores suppressed apoptosis of BmN cells at 2 and 5 days after infection (P < 0.05). Compared with actinomycin D (ActD) treatment, apoptosis of BmN cells was apparently reduced after spore infection (P < 0.01). Forty-eight hours after infection, the ROS production of BmN cells was down-regulated compared with that after ActD treatment for 6 h. Furthermore, N. bombycis prevented the formation of apoptosomes by down-regulating the expression of apaf-1 and cytochrome C. In addition, N. bombycis also up-regulated the expression of buffy. Western blot analysis demonstrated that spores decreased the level of host cytochrome C at 48 and 98 h post infection. Thus, our results suggested that N. bombycis inhibited the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway of the host cells to create an optimal environment for its own survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi He
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Pathology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhangwuke Fu
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Pathology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mingqian Li
- TongDe Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Han Liu
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Pathology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shunfeng Cai
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Pathology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Nana Man
- Hangzhou Seed Station, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Xingmeng Lu
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Pathology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li Y, Tao M, Ma F, Pan G, Zhou Z, Wu Z. A monoclonal antibody that tracks endospore formation in the microsporidium Nosema bombycis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121884. [PMID: 25811182 PMCID: PMC4374874 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nosema bombycis, the first identified microsporidium, is a destructive pathogen of the silkworm Bombyx mori and causes severe worldwide economic losses in sericulture. Major microsporidian structural proteins, such as the spore wall protein (SWP), are known to be involved in host invasion. In this study, the reactivity of the monoclonal antibody 2B10 was tested against an endospore protein of N. bombycis with a molecular weight size at 50-kDa, using Western blotting. The antigen was purified after immunoprecipitation and was further identified as EOB13320 according to MALDI-TOF MS assay. We found that EOB13320 locates to the surface of the different developmental stages of the parasite, mostly the sporoblast stage and the mature spore after immunoelectron microscopy examination. EOB13320 was also widely distributed in the developing endospore, especially at the sporoblast stage. This endospore protein also accumulated in the cytoplasm of both the merogony and sporoblast stages. These results imply that EOB13320 detected by monoclonal antibody 2B10 is expressed throughout the life cycle of the parasite, notably during the stage when the endospore is formed, and that this protein is important for spore-coat formation and parasite maintenance. Our study could be instrumental in the understanding of spore wall formation and will help to gain greater insight into the biology of this parasite.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P.R. China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P.R. China
| | - Meiling Tao
- The Sericultural Research Institute, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, P.R. China
| | - Fuping Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P.R. China
| | - Guoqing Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P.R. China
| | - Zeyang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P.R. China
- Laboratory of Animal Biology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 400047, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (ZLW); (ZYZ)
| | - Zhengli Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P.R. China
- Fisheries Ecology and Environment Laboratory, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (ZLW); (ZYZ)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
He X, He X, Liu H, Li M, Cai S, Fu Z, Lu X. Proteomic analysis of BmN cells (Bombyx mori) in response to infection with Nosema bombycis. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2014; 46:982-90. [PMID: 25267721 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmu092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Nosema bombycis (N. bombycis, Nb) is an obligate intracellular parasite, which can cause pebrine disease in the silkworm. To investigate the effects of N. bombycis infection on the host cells, proteomes from BmN cells that had or had not been infected with N. bombycis at different infection stages were characterized with two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry, which identified 24 differentially expressed host proteins with significant intensity differences (P < 0.05) at least at one time point in mock- and N. bombycis infected cells. Notably, gene ontology analyses showed that these proteins are involved in many important biological reactions. During the infection phase, proteins involved in energy metabolism and oxidative stress had up-regulated expression. Two proteins participated in ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process had down-regulated expression. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to analyze the transcriptional profiles of these identified proteins. Taken together, the abundance changes, putative functions, and participation in biological reactions for the identified proteins produce a host-responsive protein model in N. bombycis-infected BmN cells. These findings further our knowledge about the effect of energy defect parasites on the host cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi He
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Pathology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiangkang He
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Pathology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Han Liu
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Pathology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mingqian Li
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Pathology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shunfeng Cai
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Pathology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhangwuke Fu
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Pathology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xingmeng Lu
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Pathology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhu F, Shen Z, Hou J, Zhang J, Geng T, Tang X, Xu L, Guo X. Identification of a protein interacting with the spore wall protein SWP26 of Nosema bombycis in a cultured BmN cell line of silkworm. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2013; 17:38-45. [PMID: 23542093 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2013.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Revised: 03/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Nosema bombycis is a silkworm parasite that causes severe economic damage to sericulture worldwide. It is the first microsporidia to be described in the literature, and to date, very little molecular information is available regarding microsporidian physiology and their relationships with their hosts. Therefore, the interaction between the microsporidia N. bombycis and its host silkworm, Bombyx mori, was analyzed in this study. The microsporidian spore wall proteins (SWPs) play a specific role in spore adherence to host cells and recognition by the host during invasion. In this study, SWP26 fused with enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) was expressed in BmN cells by using a Bac-to-Bac expression system. Subsequently, the turtle-like protein of B. mori (BmTLP) was determined to interact with SWP26 via the use of anti-EGFP microbeads. This interaction was then confirmed by yeast two-hybrid analysis. The BmTLP cDNA encodes a polypeptide of 447 amino acids that includes a putative signal peptide of 27 amino acid residues. In addition, the BmTLP protein contains 2 immunoglobulin (IG) domains and 2 IGc2-type domains, which is the typical domain structure of IG proteins. The results of this study indicated that SWP26 interacts with the IG-like protein BmTLP, which contributes to the infectivity of N. bombycis to its host silkworm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhu
- Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, Jiangsu Province, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
SWP5, a spore wall protein, interacts with polar tube proteins in the parasitic microsporidian Nosema bombycis. EUKARYOTIC CELL 2011; 11:229-37. [PMID: 22140229 DOI: 10.1128/ec.05127-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Microsporidia are a group of eukaryotic intracellular parasites that infect almost all vertebrates and invertebrates. The microsporidian invasion process involves the extrusion of a unique polar tube into host cells. Both the spore wall and the polar tube play an important role in microsporidian pathogenesis. So far, five spore wall proteins (SWP1, SWP2, Enp1, Enp2, and EcCDA) from Encephalitozoon intestinalis and Encephalitozoon cuniculi and five spore wall proteins (SWP32, SWP30, SWP26, SWP25, and NbSWP5) from the silkworm pathogen Nosema bombycis have been identified. Here we report the identification and characterization of a spore wall protein (SWP5) with a molecular mass of 20.3 kDa in N. bombycis. This protein has low sequence similarity to other eukaryotic proteins. Immunolocalization analysis showed SWP5 localized to the exospore and the region of the polar tube in mature spores. Immunoprecipitation, mass spectrometry, and immunofluorescence analyses revealed that SWP5 interacts with the polar tube proteins PTP2 and PTP3. Anti-SWP5 serum pretreatment of mature spores significantly decreased their polar tube extrusion rate. Taken together, our results show that SWP5 is a spore wall protein localized to the spore wall and that it interacts with the polar tube, may play an important role in supporting the structural integrity of the spore wall, and potentially modulates the course of infection of N. bombycis.
Collapse
|
13
|
Identification of a Nosema bombycis (Microsporidia) spore wall protein corresponding to spore phagocytosis. Parasitology 2011; 138:1102-9. [DOI: 10.1017/s0031182011000801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARYLife-cycle stages of the microsporidia Nosema bombycis, the pathogen causing silkworm pebrine, were separated and purified by an improved method of Percoll-gradient centrifugation. Soluble protein fractions of late sporoblasts (spore precursor cells) and mature spores were analysed by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE). Protein spots were recovered from gels and analysed by mass spectrometry. The most abundant differential protein spot was identified by database search to be a hypothetical spore wall protein. Using immunoelectron microscopy, we demonstrated that HSWP5 is localized to the exospore of mature spores and renamed it as spore wall protein 5 (NbSWP5). Further spore phagocytosis assays indicated that NbSWP5 can protect spores from phagocytic uptake by cultured insect cells. This spore wall protein may function both for structural integrity and in modulating host cell invasion.
Collapse
|
14
|
Identification of a novel spore wall protein (SWP26) from microsporidia Nosema bombycis. Int J Parasitol 2008; 39:391-8. [PMID: 18854188 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2008.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2008] [Revised: 08/13/2008] [Accepted: 08/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Microsporidia are obligate intracellular parasites related to fungi with resistant spores against various environmental stresses. The rigid spore walls of these organisms are composed of two major layers, which are the exospore and the endospore. Two spore wall proteins (the endosporal protein-SWP30 and the exosporal protein-SWP32) have been previously identified in Nosema bombycis. In this study, using the MALDI-TOF-MS technique, we have characterised a new 25.7-kDa spore wall protein (SWP26) recognised by monoclonal antibody 2G10. SWP26 is predicted to have a signal peptide, four potential N-glycosylation sites, and a C-terminal heparin-binding motif (HBM) which is known to interact with extracellular glycosaminoglycans. By using a host cell binding assay, recombinant SWP26 protein (rSWP26) can inhibit spore adherence by 10%, resulting in decreased host cell infection. In contrast, the mutant rSWP26 (rDeltaSWP26, without HBM) was not effective in inhibiting spore adherence. Immuno-electron microscopy revealed that this protein was expressed largely in endospore and plasma membrane during endospore development, but sparsely distributed in the exospore of mature spores. The present results suggest that SWP26 is a microsporidia cell wall protein that is involved in endospore formation, host cell adherence and infection in vitro. Moreover, SWP26 could be used as a good prospective target for diagnostic research and drug design in controlling the silkworm, Bombyx mori, pebrine disease in sericulture.
Collapse
|