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Green-Ojo B, Tan H, Botelho MT, Obanya H, Grinsted L, Parker MO, Ford AT. The effects of plastic additives on swimming activity and startle response in marine amphipod Echinogammarus marinus. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 918:170793. [PMID: 38336051 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Plastic additives are widely used in plastic production and are found in the environment owing to their widespread applications. Among these additives, N-butyl benzenesulfonamide (NBBS) and triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) are under international watchlist for evaluation, with limited studies on amphipods. Di-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) are banned in some countries and categorised as substances of very high concern. This study aimed to investigate the effects of NBBS, TPHP, DEHP and DBP on the swimming activity of a coastal intertidal marine amphipod, Echinogammarus marinus. Furthermore, this study is the first to quantify startle response in E. marinus in response to light stimuli. Amphipods were exposed to 0, 0.5, 5, 50 and 500 μg/l concentrations of all test compounds. Swimming activity and startle responses were assessed by video tracking and analysis using an 8-min alternating dark and light protocol after exposure on days 7 and 14. We observed an overall compound and light effect on the swimming activity of E. marinus. A significant decrease in swimming distance was found in 500 μg/l NBBS and TPHP. We observed that the startle response in E. marinus had a latency period of >2 s and animals were assessed at 1 s and the sum of the first 5 s. There was a clear startle response in E. marinus during dark to light transition, evident with increased swimming distance. NBBS exposure significantly increased startle response at environmental concentrations, while significant effects were only seen in 500 μg/l TPHP at 5 s. We found no significant effects of DEHP and DBP on swimming behaviour at the concentrations assessed. The findings of this study affirm the necessity for a continuous review of plastic additives to combat adverse behavioural effects that may be transferable to the population levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bidemi Green-Ojo
- Institute of Marine Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Ferry Road, Portsmouth, UK.
| | - Hung Tan
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Marina Tenório Botelho
- Institute of Marine Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Ferry Road, Portsmouth, UK; Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, 05508-120 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Henry Obanya
- Institute of Marine Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Ferry Road, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Lena Grinsted
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, King Henry Building, King Henry 1 Street, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Mathew O Parker
- School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Science, White Swan Road, St. Michael's Building, Portsmouth, UK; Surrey Sleep Research Centre, School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Alex T Ford
- Institute of Marine Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Ferry Road, Portsmouth, UK.
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Green-Ojo B, Botelho MT, Umbuzeiro GDA, Gomes V, Parker MO, Grinsted L, Ford AT. Evaluation of precopulatory pairing behaviour and male fertility in a marine amphipod exposed to plastic additives. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 341:122946. [PMID: 37977364 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Plastics contain a mixture of chemical additives that can leach into the environment and potentially cause harmful effects on reproduction and the endocrine system. Two of these chemicals, N-butyl benzenesulfonamide (NBBS) and triphenyl phosphate (TPHP), are among the top 30 organic chemicals detected in surface and groundwater and are currently placed on international watchlist for evaluation. Although bans have been placed on legacy pollutants such as diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP), their persistence remains a concern. This study aimed to examine the impact of plastic additives, including NBBS, TPHP, DBP, and DEHP, on the reproductive behaviour and male fertility of the marine amphipod Echinogammarus marinus. Twenty precopulatory pairs of E. marinus were exposed to varying concentrations of the four test chemicals to assess their pairing behaviour. A high-throughput methodology was developed and optimised to record the contact time and re-pair time within 15 min and additional point observations for 96 h. The study found that low levels of NBBS, TPHP, and DEHP prolonged the contact and re-pairing time of amphipods and the proportion of pairs reduced drastically with re-pairing success ranging from 75% to 100% in the control group and 0%-85% in the exposed groups at 96 h. Sperm count declined by 40% and 60% in the 50 μg/l and 500 μg/l DBP groups, respectively, whereas TPHP resulted in significantly lower sperms in 50 μg/l exposed group. Animals exposed to NBBS and DEHP showed high interindividual variability in all exposed groups. Overall, this study provides evidence that plastic additives can disrupt the reproductive mechanisms and sperm counts of amphipods at environmentally relevant concentrations. Our research also demonstrated the usefulness of the precopulatory pairing mechanism as a sensitive endpoint in ecotoxicity assessments to proactively mitigate population-level effects in the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bidemi Green-Ojo
- Institute of Marine Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Ferry Road, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Marina Tenório Botelho
- Institute of Marine Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Ferry Road, Portsmouth, UK; Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, Praça Do Oceanográfico, 191, 05508-120, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Vicente Gomes
- Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, Praça Do Oceanográfico, 191, 05508-120, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mathew O Parker
- School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Science, White Swan Road, St. Michael's Building, Portsmouth, UK; Surrey Sleep Research Centre, School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Lena Grinsted
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, King Henry Building, King Henry 1 Street, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Alex T Ford
- Institute of Marine Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Ferry Road, Portsmouth, UK.
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Poulin R. Light pollution may alter host-parasite interactions in aquatic ecosystems. Trends Parasitol 2023; 39:1050-1059. [PMID: 37722935 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2023.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
With growing human populations living along freshwater shores and marine coastlines, aquatic ecosystems are experiencing rising levels of light pollution. Through its effects on hosts and parasites, anthropogenic light at night can disrupt host-parasite interactions evolved under a normal photoperiod. Yet its impact on aquatic parasites has been ignored to date. Here, I discuss the direct effects of light on the physiology and behaviour of parasite infective stages and their hosts. I argue that night-time lights can change the spatiotemporal dynamics of infection risk and drive the rapid evolution of parasites. I then highlight knowledge gaps and how impacts on parasitic diseases should be incorporated into the design of measures aimed at mitigating the impact of anthropogenic light on wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Poulin
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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Rand DM, Nunez JCB, Williams S, Rong S, Burley JT, Neil KB, Spierer AN, McKerrow W, Johnson DS, Raynes Y, Fayton TJ, Skvir N, Ferranti DA, Zeff MG, Lyons A, Okami N, Morgan DM, Kinney K, Brown BRP, Giblin AE, Cardon ZG. Parasite manipulation of host phenotypes inferred from transcriptional analyses in a trematode-amphipod system. Mol Ecol 2023; 32:5028-5041. [PMID: 37540037 PMCID: PMC10529729 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Manipulation of host phenotypes by parasites is hypothesized to be an adaptive strategy enhancing parasite transmission across hosts and generations. Characterizing the molecular mechanisms of manipulation is important to advance our understanding of host-parasite coevolution. The trematode (Levinseniella byrdi) is known to alter the colour and behaviour of its amphipod host (Orchestia grillus) presumably increasing predation of amphipods which enhances trematode transmission through its life cycle. We sampled 24 infected and 24 uninfected amphipods from a salt marsh in Massachusetts to perform differential gene expression analysis. In addition, we constructed novel genomic tools for O. grillus including a de novo genome and transcriptome. We discovered that trematode infection results in upregulation of amphipod transcripts associated with pigmentation and detection of external stimuli, and downregulation of multiple amphipod transcripts implicated in invertebrate immune responses, such as vacuolar ATPase genes. We hypothesize that suppression of immune genes and the altered expression of genes associated with coloration and behaviour may allow the trematode to persist in the amphipod and engage in further biochemical manipulation that promotes transmission. The genomic tools and transcriptomic analyses reported provide new opportunities to discover how parasites alter diverse pathways underlying host phenotypic changes in natural populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Rand
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Center for Computational Molecular Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Joaquin C B Nunez
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Shawn Williams
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Stephen Rong
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Center for Computational Molecular Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - John T Burley
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Institute at Brown for Environment and Society, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Kimberly B Neil
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Adam N Spierer
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Wilson McKerrow
- Division of Applied Mathematics, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - David S Johnson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, William & Mary, Gloucester Point, Virginia, USA
| | - Yevgeniy Raynes
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Thomas J Fayton
- University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi, USA
- Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Nicholas Skvir
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - David A Ferranti
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Maya Greenhill Zeff
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Amanda Lyons
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Naima Okami
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - David M Morgan
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | | | - Bianca R P Brown
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Institute at Brown for Environment and Society, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Anne E Giblin
- Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zoe G Cardon
- Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA
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Knigge T, LeBlanc GA, Ford AT. A Crab Is Not a Fish: Unique Aspects of the Crustacean Endocrine System and Considerations for Endocrine Toxicology. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:587608. [PMID: 33737907 PMCID: PMC7961072 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.587608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Crustaceans-and arthropods in general-exhibit many unique aspects to their physiology. These include the requirement to moult (ecdysis) in order to grow and reproduce, the ability to change color, and multiple strategies for sexual differentiation. Accordingly, the endocrine regulation of these processes involves hormones, receptors, and enzymes that differ from those utilized by vertebrates and other non-arthropod invertebrates. As a result, environmental chemicals known to disrupt endocrine processes in vertebrates are often not endocrine disruptors in crustaceans; while, chemicals that disrupt endocrine processes in crustaceans are often not endocrine disruptors in vertebrates. In this review, we present an overview of the evolution of the endocrine system of crustaceans, highlight endocrine endpoints known to be a target of disruption by chemicals, and identify other components of endocrine signaling that may prove to be targets of disruption. This review highlights that crustaceans need to be evaluated for endocrine disruption with consideration of their unique endocrine system and not with consideration of the endocrine system of vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Knigge
- Normandy University, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, UMR-I 02 INERIS-URCA-ULH Environmental Stress and Aquatic Biomonitoring (SEBIO), Université Le Havre Normandie, Le Havre, France
- *Correspondence: Thomas Knigge,
| | - Gerald A. LeBlanc
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Alex T. Ford
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
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Fayard M, Dechaume-Moncharmont FX, Wattier R, Perrot-Minnot MJ. Magnitude and direction of parasite-induced phenotypic alterations: a meta-analysis in acanthocephalans. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2020; 95:1233-1251. [PMID: 32342653 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Several parasite species have the ability to modify their host's phenotype to their own advantage thereby increasing the probability of transmission from one host to another. This phenomenon of host manipulation is interpreted as the expression of a parasite extended phenotype. Manipulative parasites generally affect multiple phenotypic traits in their hosts, although both the extent and adaptive significance of such multidimensionality in host manipulation is still poorly documented. To review the multidimensionality and magnitude of host manipulation, and to understand the causes of variation in trait value alteration, we performed a phylogenetically corrected meta-analysis, focusing on a model taxon: acanthocephalan parasites. Acanthocephala is a phylum of helminth parasites that use vertebrates as final hosts and invertebrates as intermediate hosts, and is one of the few parasite groups for which manipulation is predicted to be ancestral. We compiled 279 estimates of parasite-induced alterations in phenotypic trait value, from 81 studies and 13 acanthocephalan species, allocating a sign to effect size estimates according to the direction of alteration favouring parasite transmission, and grouped traits by category. Phylogenetic inertia accounted for a low proportion of variation in effect sizes. The overall average alteration of trait value was moderate and positive when considering the expected effect of alterations on trophic transmission success (signed effect sizes, after the onset of parasite infectivity to the final host). Variation in the alteration of trait value was affected by the category of phenotypic trait, with the largest alterations being reversed taxis/phobia and responses to stimuli, and increased vulnerability to predation, changes to reproductive traits (behavioural or physiological castration) and immunosuppression. Parasite transmission would thereby be facilitated mainly by changing mainly the choice of micro-habitat and the anti-predation behaviour of infected hosts, and by promoting energy-saving strategies in the host. In addition, infection with larval stages not yet infective to definitive hosts (acanthella) tends to induce opposite effects of comparable magnitude to infection with the infective stage (cystacanth), although this result should be considered with caution due to the low number of estimates with acanthella. This analysis raises important issues that should be considered in future studies investigating the adaptive significance of host manipulation, not only in acanthocephalans but also in other taxa. Specifically, the contribution of phenotypic traits to parasite transmission and the range of taxonomic diversity covered deserve thorough attention. In addition, the relationship between behaviour and immunity across parasite developmental stages and host-parasite systems (the neuropsychoimmune hypothesis of host manipulation), still awaits experimental evidence. Most of these issues apply more broadly to reported cases of host manipulation by other groups of parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Fayard
- UMR CNRS 6282 Biogéosciences, Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, 6 Bd Gabriel, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - François-Xavier Dechaume-Moncharmont
- UMR CNRS 6282 Biogéosciences, Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, 6 Bd Gabriel, 21000, Dijon, France.,Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR 5023 LEHNA, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Rémi Wattier
- UMR CNRS 6282 Biogéosciences, Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, 6 Bd Gabriel, 21000, Dijon, France
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Caputo DR, Robson SC, Werner I, Ford AT. Complete transcriptome assembly and annotation of a critically important amphipod species in freshwater ecotoxicological risk assessment: Gammarus fossarum. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 137:105319. [PMID: 32028177 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Because of their crucial role in ecotoxicological risk assessment, amphipods (Crustacea) are commonly employed as model species in a wide range of studies. However, despite their ecological importance, their genome has not yet been completely annotated and molecular mechanisms underlying key pathways, such as the serotonin pathway, in development of ecotoxicological biomarkers of exposure to neuroactive pharmaceuticals are still poorly understood. Furthermore, genetic similarities and discrepancies with other model arthropods (e.g., Drosophila melanogaster) have not been completely clarified. In this report, we present a new transcriptome assembly of Gammarus fossarum, an important amphipod species, widespread in Central Europe. RNA-Seq with Illumina HiSeq technology was used to analyse samples extracted from total internal tissues. We used the Trinity and Trinotate software suites for transcriptome assembly and annotation, respectively. The quality of this assembly and the affiliated targeted homology searches greatly enrich the molecular knowledge on this species. Because of the lack of publicly available molecular information on the serotonin pathway, we also highlighted sequence homologies and divergences of the genes encoding the serotonin pathway components of the well-annotated arthropod D. melanogaster, and Crustacea with the corresponding genes of our assembly. An inferior number of hits was found when running a BLAST analysis of both D. melanogaster and Crustacea mRNA sequences encoding serotonin receptors available in GenBank against the total assembly, compared to other serotonin pathway components. A lack of information on important components for serotonin biosynthesis and vesicle endocytosis (i.e., tryptophan hydroxylase and vesicular monoamine transporter) in Crustacea was also brought to light. Our results will provide an extensive transcriptional resource for this important species in ecotoxicological risk assessment and highlight the need for a more detailed categorization of neuronal pathways components in invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico R Caputo
- Institute of Marine Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Ferry Road, Portsmouth PO4 9LY, UK
| | - Samuel C Robson
- Centre for Enzyme Innovation, St. Michael's Building, University of Portsmouth, White Swan Road, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK
| | - Inge Werner
- Swiss Centre for Applied Ecotoxicology, Eawag - EPFL, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Alex T Ford
- Institute of Marine Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Ferry Road, Portsmouth PO4 9LY, UK.
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Ford AT. Comment on "Principles of Sound Ecotoxicology". ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:11493-11495. [PMID: 28925258 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b03385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alex T Ford
- Institute of Marine Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth , Ferry Road, Portsmouth, PO4 9LY, United Kingdom
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