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Nguyen TT, Mai TN, Dang-Xuan S, Nguyen-Viet H, Unger F, Lee HS. Emerging zoonotic diseases in Southeast Asia in the period 2011-2022: a systematic literature review. Vet Q 2024; 44:1-15. [PMID: 38229485 PMCID: PMC10795789 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2023.2300965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
As COVID-19 has shown, pandemics and outbreaks of emerging infections such as Zika, Nipah, monkeypox and antimicrobial-resistant pathogens, especially emerging zoonotic diseases, continue to occur and may even be increasing in Southeast Asia. In addition, these infections often result from environmental changes and human behaviour. Overall, public health surveillance to identify gaps in the literature and early warning signs are essential in this region. A systematic review investigated the prevalence of emerging zoonotic diseases over 11 years from 2011 to 2022 in Southeast Asia to understand the status of emerging zoonotic diseases, as well as to provide necessary actions for disease control and prevention in the region. During the 2011-2022 period, studies on pigs, poultry, ruminants, companion animals and wildlife in Southeast Asia were reviewed thoroughly to assess the quality of reporting items for inclusion in the systematic review. The review was performed on 26 studies of pigs, 6 studies of poultry, 21 studies of ruminants, 28 studies of companion animals and 25 studies of wildlife in Southeast Asia, which provide a snapshot of the prevalence of the emerging zoonotic disease across the country. The findings from the review showed that emerging zoonotic diseases were prevalent across the region and identified a few zoonotic diseases associated with poultry, mainly stemming from Cambodia and Vietnam, as high priority in Southeast Asia.Clinical relevance: Appropriate prevention and control measures should be taken to mitigate the emerging zoonotic diseases in Southeast Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Trung Nguyen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thi Ngan Mai
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Sinh Dang-Xuan
- International Livestock Research Institute, Regional Office for East and Southeast Asia, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hung Nguyen-Viet
- International Livestock Research Institute, Regional Office for East and Southeast Asia, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Fred Unger
- International Livestock Research Institute, Regional Office for East and Southeast Asia, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hu Suk Lee
- International Livestock Research Institute, Regional Office for East and Southeast Asia, Hanoi, Vietnam
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
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Akhtardanesh B, Aghamiri SM, Foolady D, Sadr S, Ziaali N, Jajarmi M, Shakib H, Khedri J. Serological survey of Toxoplasma gondii infection in a breeding kennel with reproductive disorders. Microb Pathog 2024:106848. [PMID: 39151737 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection in dogs is distributed globally. Given the potential impact of T. gondii on human reproductive health and its zoonotic potential, focusing on infected dogs with breeding disorders may provide valuable new insights into the role of toxoplasmosis on reproductive disorders. This study aimed to elucidate the potential role of T. gondii on reproductive disorders by conducting a serosurvey on a kennel with breeding disorders in Kerman, Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS Purebred dogs with American Kennel Club-certified Pedigrees were randomly selected in both genders from a breeding kennel with a history of reproductive problems such as neonatal deaths, abortion stillbirths, and male infertility. Blood samples were collected from selected dogs, and serosurvey was done with a Toxo-Screen kit using the modified agglutination test (MAT). FINDINGS From 46 selected breeding dogs, 20 (43.5%) were positive in the Toxoplasma MAT test, consisting of 24 samples (52.17%) with different reproductive disorders and 22 (47.83%) healthy dogs. However, the presence of reproductive disorder had no significant relationship with seropositivity (p=0.067). Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis had no significant relationship with sex (p=0.28) and age (p=0.18) in the studied population. CONCLUSION Screening with the standard MAT method reduces the risk of transmitting toxoplasmosis by preventing the entry of infected dogs into the kennel, identifying the infected cases to start specific treatments, optimizing the proper nutritional conditions, and ensuring the hygiene of the environment. Fresh/refrigerated raw meat, unpasteurized milk feeding, rodent infestation of grass-covered dog runs, and the main dry food storage facilities were the primary risk factors in kennels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baharak Akhtardanesh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Seyed Morteza Aghamiri
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran
| | - Darya Foolady
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran
| | - Soheil Sadr
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Naser Ziaali
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Afzalipour Medical School, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Maziar Jajarmi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Iran
| | - Hossein Shakib
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran
| | - Javad Khedri
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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Gos ML, Venturini MC, De Felice L, Dellarupe A, Rambeaud M, Pardini L, Campero LM, Bernstein M, Bacigalupe D, Basso W, Moré G, Unzaga JM. A 20-year serological survey of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum infection in dogs with neuromuscular disorders from urban areas in Argentina. Vet Parasitol 2024; 330:110235. [PMID: 38908047 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum infections may be associated with neuromuscular disorders in dogs. The aim of this study was to assess the seroprevalence to these protozoan parasites in dogs with neuromuscular disease from urban areas of Buenos Aires province, Argentina, over a period of 20 years, and to evaluate the association of seropositivity and antibody titres with different variables such as sex, breed and age. For this, a total of 7238 serum samples from urban owned dogs were analysed by the indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT) for specific IgG antibodies. The observed seropositivity rates were 35.7 % for T. gondii and 25.7 % for N. caninum. Crossbred dogs had a significantly higher seroprevalence for T. gondii than purebred dogs (41 % vs. 29.3 %), while a trend towards significance was observed for N. caninum, which was slightly higher in purebred dogs (26 % vs. 23.6 %). Seroprevalence for both parasites increased with age and was higher in older animals. Regarding the distribution of specific antibody titres, the most frequent IFAT T. gondii titre found was 100 and for N. caninum it was ≥800. For toxoplasmosis, there was no association with age group, and low titres (50, 100 and 200) predominated in all groups. However, for neosporosis, age and titres were significantly associated for one age group, with dogs under 12 months of age having a higher proportion of high titres (400 and 800). The trend in the seroprevalence for T. gondii is increasing over the years and lower antibody titres predominate in the dogs studied, which may be more related to the presence of chronic infections and not necessarily to the clinical signs of the animals. Despite the generally low titres observed for toxoplasmosis in this study, it is important to highlight the high seroprevalence found in our region, as dogs can act as sentinels of environmental contamination and as indicators of possible human infection. In the case of neosporosis, although the trend in seroprevalence in dogs with signs appears to be decreasing over the years, our work shows that higher antibody titres predominate, and are probably related to the clinical signs presented by the dogs. This study provides the most recent epidemiological data and serological profiles of T. gondii and N. caninum infections in a large number of canine sera from urban areas in Argentina, providing relevant information for clinical veterinarians and epidemiologists in order to understand the circulation of the parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Laura Gos
- Immunoparasitology Laboratory (LAINPA), Faculty of Veterinary Science, La Plata National University, 60 and 118 s/n, La Plata, Buenos Aires 1900, Argentina; Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, La Plata National University, 60 and 118 s/n, La Plata, Buenos Aires 1900, Argentina
| | - María Cecilia Venturini
- Immunoparasitology Laboratory (LAINPA), Faculty of Veterinary Science, La Plata National University, 60 and 118 s/n, La Plata, Buenos Aires 1900, Argentina
| | - Lorena De Felice
- Immunoparasitology Laboratory (LAINPA), Faculty of Veterinary Science, La Plata National University, 60 and 118 s/n, La Plata, Buenos Aires 1900, Argentina; Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, La Plata National University, 60 and 118 s/n, La Plata, Buenos Aires 1900, Argentina
| | - Andrea Dellarupe
- Immunoparasitology Laboratory (LAINPA), Faculty of Veterinary Science, La Plata National University, 60 and 118 s/n, La Plata, Buenos Aires 1900, Argentina; National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, Buenos Aires C1033AAJ, Argentina.
| | - Magdalena Rambeaud
- Immunoparasitology Laboratory (LAINPA), Faculty of Veterinary Science, La Plata National University, 60 and 118 s/n, La Plata, Buenos Aires 1900, Argentina
| | - Lais Pardini
- Immunoparasitology Laboratory (LAINPA), Faculty of Veterinary Science, La Plata National University, 60 and 118 s/n, La Plata, Buenos Aires 1900, Argentina; National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, Buenos Aires C1033AAJ, Argentina
| | - Lucía María Campero
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, Buenos Aires C1033AAJ, Argentina; Institute of Innovation for Agricultural Production and Sustainable Development (IPADS Balcarce), Ruta 226 km 73.5, Balcarce, Buenos Aires 7620, Argentina
| | - Mariana Bernstein
- Immunoparasitology Laboratory (LAINPA), Faculty of Veterinary Science, La Plata National University, 60 and 118 s/n, La Plata, Buenos Aires 1900, Argentina; National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, Buenos Aires C1033AAJ, Argentina
| | - Diana Bacigalupe
- Zoonosis Departament, Municipality of Rauch, Rivadavia 750, Rauch, Buenos Aires B7203, Argentina
| | - Walter Basso
- Institute of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Gastón Moré
- Immunoparasitology Laboratory (LAINPA), Faculty of Veterinary Science, La Plata National University, 60 and 118 s/n, La Plata, Buenos Aires 1900, Argentina; Institute of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Juan Manuel Unzaga
- Immunoparasitology Laboratory (LAINPA), Faculty of Veterinary Science, La Plata National University, 60 and 118 s/n, La Plata, Buenos Aires 1900, Argentina; Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, La Plata National University, 60 and 118 s/n, La Plata, Buenos Aires 1900, Argentina
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Remor-Sebolt AP, de Lima FR, Américo L, Padilha MAC, Chryssafidis AL, de Moura AB. Occurrence of antibodies and epidemiological significance of Toxoplasma Gondii and Neospora caninum infections in canine populations of Laguna, State of Santa Catarina. Vet Res Commun 2024:10.1007/s11259-024-10462-5. [PMID: 38976166 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10462-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum are two species of protozoa that belong to the Apicomplexa phylum and are distributed worldwide. T. gondii is one of the most extensively studied parasites due to its significant health implications. In this study, an investigation on the occurrence of T. gondii and N. caninum antibodies in dogs from a municipality on the southern coast of Santa Catarina, Brazil, and its associated risk factors were conducted. Blood samples were collected from 238 dogs, and a questionnaire was used to gather relevant information about the dogs, including their age, gender, breed, housing and habits. The serum samples were then subjected to indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) using a cutoff of 1:64 and 1:50 to detect antibodies against T. gondii and N. caninum, respectively. The study's findings revealed that the frequency of T. gondii was 23.1% (55/238), and no factors associated with infection in these animals were identified. However, the frequency of N. caninum was 4.2% (10/238), and the study identified the type of housing and environment in which the dogs lived as the factors that were associated with the infection. Stray animals and those that lived exclusively outdoors had a greater frequency of N. caninum. These results indicate that dogs from Laguna, Santa Catarina, Brazil, are exposed to T. gondii and N. caninum. As such, further studies are necessary to enhance the understanding of the nature of these protozoan infections in the municipality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Remor-Sebolt
- Center for Agroveterinary Sciences (CAV), Laboratory of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Santa Catarina State University (UDESC), 2090 Luiz de Camões Ave, Lages, SC, 88520-000, Brazil.
| | - Felipe Rieth de Lima
- Center for Agroveterinary Sciences (CAV), Laboratory of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Santa Catarina State University (UDESC), 2090 Luiz de Camões Ave, Lages, SC, 88520-000, Brazil
| | - Larissa Américo
- Center for Agroveterinary Sciences (CAV), Laboratory of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Santa Catarina State University (UDESC), 2090 Luiz de Camões Ave, Lages, SC, 88520-000, Brazil
| | - Mayckon Antônio Cardoso Padilha
- Center for Agroveterinary Sciences (CAV), Laboratory of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Santa Catarina State University (UDESC), 2090 Luiz de Camões Ave, Lages, SC, 88520-000, Brazil
| | - Andreas Lazaros Chryssafidis
- Center for Agroveterinary Sciences (CAV), Laboratory of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Santa Catarina State University (UDESC), 2090 Luiz de Camões Ave, Lages, SC, 88520-000, Brazil
| | - Anderson Barbosa de Moura
- Center for Agroveterinary Sciences (CAV), Laboratory of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Santa Catarina State University (UDESC), 2090 Luiz de Camões Ave, Lages, SC, 88520-000, Brazil
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Fernandes ALP, de Melo Alves M, Silva JO, Bison I, de Castro Tavares Silva A, Parentoni RN, dos Santos JRS, Feitosa TF, Vilela VLR, de Lima Brasil AW. Geoepidemiology, seroprevalence and factors associated with Toxoplasma gondii infection in domicilied cats from Paraíba (Brazil). Parasite 2024; 31:25. [PMID: 38759155 PMCID: PMC11101201 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2024017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is a parasite responsible for toxoplasmosis, an emerging and often neglected zoonosis in South America, particularly Brazil. Felines, the only definitive hosts, excrete oocysts in their feces, potentially infecting all homeotherms. Domestic cats are primarily responsible for contaminating human environments with these oocysts. Monitoring their populations is therefore essential to ensure proper toxoplasmosis prophylaxis. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of T. gondii and exposure factors in a population of owner cats in the city of João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. A total of 267 blood samples were collected from domestic cats aged between 1 and 15 years and tested with an immunofluorescence antibody test. The seroprevalence of antibodies against T. gondii was only 17.22% (46/267 individuals). This result therefore suggests a low contribution of domestic cats to T. gondii contamination of the urban environment. The cats' age and living environment were identified as risk factors for cat exposure to T. gondii.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariana de Melo Alves
- Departament of Federal Institute of Paraíba – IFPB Rua Presidente Tancredo Neves, s/no, Jardim Sorrilândia 58.800-970 Sousa Paraíba Brazil
| | - Jordania Oliveira Silva
- Departament of Federal Institute of Paraíba – IFPB Rua Presidente Tancredo Neves, s/no, Jardim Sorrilândia 58.800-970 Sousa Paraíba Brazil
| | - Ividy Bison
- Animal Science Program at Federal University of Paraiba – UFPB 12 Rodovia, PB-079 58397-000 Areia Paraíba Brazil
| | | | - Roberta Nunes Parentoni
- Instituto de Pesquisa em Fármacos e Medicamentos of Federal University of Paraíba – UFPB, Campus I Lot, Cidade Universitária, PB 58051-900 João Pessoa Paraíba Brazil
| | | | - Thais Ferreira Feitosa
- Departament of Federal Institute of Paraíba – IFPB Rua Presidente Tancredo Neves, s/no, Jardim Sorrilândia 58.800-970 Sousa Paraíba Brazil
| | - Vinícius Longo Ribeiro Vilela
- Departament of Federal Institute of Paraíba – IFPB Rua Presidente Tancredo Neves, s/no, Jardim Sorrilândia 58.800-970 Sousa Paraíba Brazil
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Dini FM, Stancampiano L, Poglayen G, Galuppi R. Risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii infection in dogs: a serological survey. Acta Vet Scand 2024; 66:14. [PMID: 38528602 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-024-00734-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dogs, as well as a wide variety of other warm-blooded animals, act as intermediate host of Toxoplasma gondii. In dogs, most cases of toxoplasmosis are subclinical, although clinical disease has been sporadically reported. Beyond its role in diagnostic pathways, seropositivity also functions as a reflection of the parasite's spread within the dog's living environment. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possible risk factor associated with seropositivity to T. gondii in dogs in Central-Northern Italy, analysing 120 dogs sera for the presence of IgG antibodies by indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT). RESULTS The population examined was composed of 54.2% hunting dogs, 24.2% companion dogs, 14.2% truffle dogs and 7.5% watchdogs. Thirty-four (29.2%) dogs tested positive for T. gondii IgG, with titres ranging from 1:40 to 1:1280. Seroprevalence and antibodies titres were not related to dog gender, age or function. The logistic regression and ordered logistic regression results indicated that seroprevalence, and antibody titres were significantly higher in dogs cohabiting with cats, exhibiting coprophagy habits, and living constantly outdoors. Notably, the lifestyle factor showed the highest odds-ratios in the study: dogs living constantly outdoors were found to be at approximately 5 times greater risk of testing positive and having higher antibody titres compared to dogs living both indoors and outdoors. CONCLUSION Both logistic and ordered logistic regression results support the key role of living with cats, engaging in coprophagy behaviours, and maintaining an outdoor lifestyle in increasing the risk of T. gondii infection in dogs. These identified risk factors collectively suggest that both ingesting oocysts, as observed through cat cohabitation and coprophagy, and engaging in predatory behaviours, as possible for outdoor living dogs, are indicating likely sources of T. gondii infection in this host species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Maria Dini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Laura Stancampiano
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Poglayen
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberta Galuppi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Cruz-Vázquez C, Maldonado-López L, Vitela-Mendoza I, Medina-Esparza L, Aguilar-Marcelino L, de Velasco-Reyes I. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii Infection and Associated Risk Factors in Different Populations of Dogs from Aguascalientes, Mexico. Acta Parasitol 2023; 68:683-689. [PMID: 37531010 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-023-00703-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT AND PURPOSE This work aimed to study the seroprevalence of natural infection by T. gondii in different population segments of dogs from Aguascalientes, Mexico as well as its possible association with some risk factors. METHODS The study included 210 clinically healthy dogs from three population segments: rural, stray and pet. A blood serum sample was collected on a single occasion and processed by indirect immunofluorescence considering a dilution of 1:16 as a positive reaction; the association between the presence of antibodies and the potential risk factors was estimated with logistic regression. RESULTS The overall prevalence of anti-T. gondii antibodies in the studied population was 59% (123/210; CI 95% 51-65) being different between population segments, in rural dogs 74% (59/80; CI 95% 62-82), in stray dogs 60% (48/80; CI 95% 48-70) and in pet dogs 32% (16/50; CI 95% 19-46), the titers of the positive sera were in a range of 1:16-1:128. In rural dogs the seroprevalence according to the municipality was in a range of 55% to 100% finding positive dogs in all the studied municipalities. The zootechnical function of guarding the property in rural dogs was identified as a risk factor (OR 2.4), while in pet dogs it was living with cats (OR 7) as well as sharing the drinking water container (OR 4); in stray dogs it was not possible to identify any risk factor. CONCLUSIONS This study documents the wide presence of anti-T. gondii antibodies in the population groups examined, this being more important in rural dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Cruz-Vázquez
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico El Llano Aguascalientes, Km. 18 Carretera Aguascalientes-San Luis Potosí, 20330, El Llano, Aguascalientes, México.
| | - Liliana Maldonado-López
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico El Llano Aguascalientes, Km. 18 Carretera Aguascalientes-San Luis Potosí, 20330, El Llano, Aguascalientes, México
| | - Irene Vitela-Mendoza
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico El Llano Aguascalientes, Km. 18 Carretera Aguascalientes-San Luis Potosí, 20330, El Llano, Aguascalientes, México
| | - Leticia Medina-Esparza
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico El Llano Aguascalientes, Km. 18 Carretera Aguascalientes-San Luis Potosí, 20330, El Llano, Aguascalientes, México
| | - Liliana Aguilar-Marcelino
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad, INIFAP, Carretera Cuernavaca-Cuautla 8534, Col. Progreso, 62550, Jiutepec, Morelos, México
| | - Isabel de Velasco-Reyes
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico El Llano Aguascalientes, Km. 18 Carretera Aguascalientes-San Luis Potosí, 20330, El Llano, Aguascalientes, México
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Chen A, Boulay M, Chong S, Ho K, Chan A, Ong J, Fernandez CJ, Chang SF, Yap HH. Suspected clinical toxoplasmosis in a 12-week-old puppy in Singapore. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:110. [PMID: 37542292 PMCID: PMC10401807 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03674-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toxoplasma gondii is traditionally known as a parasite of felids, with possible infection in intermediate hosts such as dogs and humans, and thus a disease of public health significance. Published data on the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in dogs and cats in Singapore is scanty, and this paper documents a suspect clinical case of toxoplasmosis in a free-roaming puppy trapped from an offshore island of Singapore. CASE PRESENTATION A 12-week-old puppy presented with hindlimb weakness and sarcopenia, with rapidly progressing ascending paralysis and respiratory distress, one week after trapping. Toxoplasmosis was suspected after indirect fluorescence antibody testing (IFAT) revealed anti-T. gondii antibodies. The puppy responded quickly to clindamycin treatment and was discharged from hospital after 10 days. CONCLUSION While rare and undocumented, veterinary clinicians in Singapore are advised to also include toxoplasmosis infection as a differential diagnosis in dogs presenting with similar clinical signs. This is especially so for dogs which have access to the outdoors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Chen
- Centre for Animal Rehabilitation, Animal & Veterinary Service, Animal Management Centre, National Parks Board, 57 Sungei Tengah Road, 699013, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Max Boulay
- Westside Emergency, 41 Eng Kong Terrace, 599013, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Stacy Chong
- Centre for Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Animal & Plant Health Centre, Animal & Veterinary Service, National Parks Board, 6 Perahu Road, 718827, Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kelvin Ho
- Biorisk and Biosurveillance, Animal & Veterinary Service, National Parks Board, JEM Office Tower, 52 Jurong Gateway Road, 608550, Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Amy Chan
- Centre for Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Animal & Plant Health Centre, Animal & Veterinary Service, National Parks Board, 6 Perahu Road, 718827, Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jasmine Ong
- Centre for Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Animal & Plant Health Centre, Animal & Veterinary Service, National Parks Board, 6 Perahu Road, 718827, Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Charlene Judith Fernandez
- Centre for Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Animal & Plant Health Centre, Animal & Veterinary Service, National Parks Board, 6 Perahu Road, 718827, Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siow Foong Chang
- Professional & Scientific Services, Animal & Veterinary Service, National Parks Board, JEM Office Tower, 52 Jurong Gateway Road, 608550, Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Him Hoo Yap
- Animal & Veterinary Service, National Parks Board, Singapore Botanic Gardens, 1 Cluny Road, 259569, Singapore, Singapore
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Lakhamsen N, Chaisongkhram C, Pattarasuplerk Y, Macotpet A, Seesupa S, Lertitthikul N, Bupata P, Kunkitti P. Serological survey of Toxoplasma gondii infection in cats in Khon Kaen, Northeast Thailand. Vet World 2022; 15:1779-1784. [PMID: 36185538 PMCID: PMC9394132 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.1779-1784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Toxoplasmosis is a zoonosis caused by Toxoplasma gondii. Cats are known to be the definitive hosts that can excrete these environmentally resistant oocysts. Other mammals, avians, and even humans can serve as the intermediate host. T. gondii infection is often asymptomatic in healthy individuals; however, it could result in serious health problems in immunocompromised and pregnant individuals. This study investigated the occurrence of T. gondii infection in cats in Khao Suan Kwang and Mueang Khon Kaen.
Materials and Methods: In total, 100 serum samples from cats, that is, 62 owned cats (31 males and 31 females) and 38 adopted stray cats (21 males and 17 females), were examined for antibodies against T. gondii through rapid immunochromatographic tests (ICT). Owners were asked to sign a consent form and answer the questionnaires before sample collection. Demographic information about the cats and their owners was also recorded.
Results: The overall seroprevalence of cats positive for T. gondii antibodies was found to be 5%. Notably, the Toxoplasma antibody prevalence was significantly higher in the adopted stray cats (10.53% [4/38]) that roamed the zoo than in the owned cats (1.61% [1/62]) (p > 0.05). No significant difference was observed between male (8.33%) and female (1.92%) cats. The cat owners' questionnaire revealed that more than half had never heard of toxoplasmosis before (67.7%), whereas 30.6% knew nothing about the disease transmission routes.
Conclusion: This study presented a low seroprevalence of antibodies to T. gondii in owned cats from the Mueang Khon Kaen District, whereas high seroprevalence was detected in the adopted stray cats from Khao Suan Kwang. Adopted stray cats can have a higher potential for T. gondii infection; thus, they could be a source of toxoplasmosis transmission to humans. Therefore, it is essential to control the number of stray cats, and a screening test for antitoxoplasmosis could be recommended before adoption. Although the total seroprevalence was noted to be low, the zoonotic disease was present. Therefore, raising the community's awareness and knowledge might reduce the disease transmission from animals to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natthika Lakhamsen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | | | | | - Arayaporn Macotpet
- Division of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University 40002, Thailand
| | - Suvaluk Seesupa
- Division of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University 40002, Thailand
| | - Nitiwadee Lertitthikul
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Pattaraanong Bupata
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Panisara Kunkitti
- Division of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University 40002, Thailand
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Huertas-López A, Rojo MC, Sukhumavasi W, Martínez-Subiela S, Álvarez-García G, López-Ureña NM, Cerón JJ, Martínez-Carrasco C. Comparative performance of five recombinant and chimeric antigens in a time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay for detection of Toxoplasma gondii infection in cats. Vet Parasitol 2022; 304:109703. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2022.109703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Inpankaew T, Thi Thuy N, Nimsuphan B, Kengradomkij C, Kamyingkird K, Chimnoi W, Boonaue B, Xuan X. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection from water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in northeastern and southern Thailand. Folia Parasitol (Praha) 2021; 68. [PMID: 34994346 DOI: 10.14411/fp.2021.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease resulting from infection with the apicomplexan Toxoplasma gondii (Nicolle et Manceaux, 1908), one of the world's most common parasites in warm-blooded animals, including humans. Sources of infection can be exposed to infected cat faeces, mother-to-child transmission during pregnancy, and notably, the consumption of undercooked contaminated meat of intermediate hosts. In Thailand, water buffaloes are highly valued for rice cultivation, traditional culture and meat production. Like several other mammalian species, these animals play a role as reservoirs of T. gondii, thus representing a threat to human health. The seroprevalence of T. gondii infection in swamp buffaloes was examined in southern and northeastern Thailand. In total, serum samples of 721 water buffaloes were collected from seven provinces (Ubon Ratchathani, Roi Et, Si Sa Ket, Surin, Buri Ram, Sakon Nakhon, and Songkhla) and examined for the presence of T. gondii infection using commercial latex agglutination test kits (TOXOCHECK-MT, Eiken Chemical Co., Tokyo, Japan). Of the 721 animals analysed, 49 (6.8%) were positive for T. gondii. Songkhla province had the highest seroprevalence (14.7%) among the seven provinces covered in this survey. There was a potential risk to local citizens of T. gondii infection identified by the present study, notably in northeastern Thailand, where despite lower seroprevalence consuming raw buffalo meat salad should be restricted to avoid the risk of zoonotic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tawin Inpankaew
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nguyen Thi Thuy
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture and Forestry, Hue University, Hue City, Vietnam
| | - Burin Nimsuphan
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chanya Kengradomkij
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ketsarin Kamyingkird
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wissanuwat Chimnoi
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Boy Boonaue
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Xuenan Xuan
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan
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Udonsom R, Nishikawa Y, Fereig RM, Topisit T, Kulkaweewut N, Chanamrung S, Jirapattharasate C. Exposure to Toxoplasma gondii in Asian Elephants ( Elephas maximus indicus) in Thailand. Pathogens 2021; 11:pathogens11010002. [PMID: 35055950 PMCID: PMC8778166 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is the causative agent of toxoplasmosis in humans and various animal species worldwide. In Thailand, seroprevalence studies on T. gondii have focused on domestic animals, and information on infections in Asian elephants (Elephas maximus indicus) is scarce. This study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of T. gondii infection in archival sera collected from 268 elephants living in Thailand. The serum samples were analyzed for anti-T. gondii immunoglobulin G antibodies using the latex agglutination test (LAT) and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) based on T. gondii lysate antigen (TLA-iELISA) and recombinant T. gondii dense granular antigen 8 protein (TgGRA8-iELISA). The prevalence of antibodies against T. gondii was 45.1% (121/268), 40.7% (109/268), and 44.4% (119/268) using LAT, TLA-iELISA, and TgGRA8-iELISA, respectively. Young elephants had a higher seropositivity rate than elephants aged >40 years (odds ratio = 6.6; p < 0.001; 95% confidence interval: 2.9–15.4). When LAT was used as the reference, TLA-iELISA and TgGRA8-iELISA showed a substantial (κ = 0.69) and moderate (κ = 0.42) agreement, respectively. Although our findings suggest the widespread exposure of Asian elephants to T. gondii in Thailand, the source of infection was not investigated. Therefore, investigation of the predisposing factors associated with toxoplasmosis is necessary to identify the potential risk factors for infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruenruetai Udonsom
- Department of Protozoology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Yoshifumi Nishikawa
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan; (Y.N.); (R.M.F.)
| | - Ragab M. Fereig
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan; (Y.N.); (R.M.F.)
- Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
| | - Thitirat Topisit
- Department of Pre-clinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, 999 Phuthamonthon sai 4 Rd, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (T.T.); (N.K.); (S.C.)
| | - Natchakorn Kulkaweewut
- Department of Pre-clinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, 999 Phuthamonthon sai 4 Rd, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (T.T.); (N.K.); (S.C.)
| | - Supitcha Chanamrung
- Department of Pre-clinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, 999 Phuthamonthon sai 4 Rd, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (T.T.); (N.K.); (S.C.)
| | - Charoonluk Jirapattharasate
- Department of Pre-clinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, 999 Phuthamonthon sai 4 Rd, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (T.T.); (N.K.); (S.C.)
- Correspondence:
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Inpankaew T, Sattasathuchana P, Kengradomkij C, Thengchaisri N. Prevalence of toxoplasmosis in semi-domesticated and pet cats within and around Bangkok, Thailand. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:252. [PMID: 34294094 PMCID: PMC8296730 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02965-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Toxoplasmosis is one of the most common parasitic zoonoses worldwide. Cats become infected after ingesting infected tissue cysts. The objective of the present study was to compare the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in pet cats and semi-domesticated cats in the Bangkok metropolitan region. A survey of Toxoplasma infection was conducted in 260 cats (median age [range]: 3 years [10 months–10 years]; 155 females and 105 males) by collecting blood samples from 130 client-owned pet cats and 130 semi-domesticated cats within and around Bangkok during 2016–2017 using indirect fluorescence antibody tests. An IgG antibody to Toxoplasma antigen ratio of ≥1:100 was considered positive for Toxoplasma infection. Results The overall prevalence of T. gondii in cats was 6.5% (17/260). The prevalence of T. gondii in semi-domesticated cats and pet cats was 11.5 and 1.5%, respectively. Semi-domesticated cats aged 1–5 years (14.9%) had a higher prevalence of infection than domesticated cats (1.3%, p = 0.002) of the same age. The odds (95% confidence interval [CI]) of having T. gondii infection in semi-domesticated cats were 8.34 (1.86–76.29, p = 0.0017) times higher than in pet cats. Interestingly, there was an association between T. gondii infection according to city region (p = 0.002). The odds (95% CI) of having T. gondii infection in cats living in the inner city were 4.96 (1.03–47.16, p = 0.023) times higher than cats living in the suburb and the vicinity. Conclusions The present study identified a higher prevalence of Toxoplasma infection in semi-domesticated cats compared with pet cats. The semi-domesticated cats could serve as a zoonotic reservoir. Public health regulations should be implemented to prevent toxoplasmosis spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tawin Inpankaew
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Panpicha Sattasathuchana
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Chanya Kengradomkij
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Naris Thengchaisri
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
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