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Tan YB, Tay EH, Shahwan S, Zhang Y, Sambasivam R, Subramaniam M. Associations between parental bonding and health-related quality of life in a clinical sample of youths aged 14-35 years in Singapore. Singapore Med J 2024:00077293-990000000-00127. [PMID: 38993101 DOI: 10.4103/singaporemedj.smj-2023-223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Individuals with psychiatric disorders tend to report having poorer bonds with their parents during their early years. These individuals often experience lower quality of life as well. This study investigated the associations between aspects of parental bonding and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in a clinical sample of youths. It was hypothesised that high parental care and low parental overprotectiveness would be associated with higher levels of HRQOL. METHODS Data were obtained from a larger cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of 400 psychiatric outpatients: 191 patients aged 14-21 (mean ± standard deviation 18.1 ± 2.22) years and 209 patients aged 22-35 (28.0 ± 4.33) years. The Parental Bonding Instrument was used to measure parental care and overprotectiveness. Short Form-12 measured physical health (physical component summary [PCS]) and mental health (mental component summary [MCS]) components of HRQOL, and the 8-item Patient Health Questionnaire assessed depressive symptoms. These scales and a sociodemographic form were self-administered. Multivariable linear regression was used for analysis. RESULTS About half of the sample reported affectionless control for mothers (46.6%) and fathers (45.9%). After controlling for sociodemographic variables, no significant relationship was found between aspects of parental bonding and PCS scores. Maternal care was associated with MCS scores (β = 0.32, P < 0.01) and PHQ-8 scores (β = -0.12, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that youths who experienced quality care from their mothers exhibit better mental health functioning despite their clinical diagnoses, which suggests that early maternal care exerts an overall long-term protective effect. Early parental education that promotes positive parenting practices could improve the overall HRQOL of individuals in adulthood despite their clinical diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoke Boon Tan
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore
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Frost A, Hagaman A, Bibi A, Bhalotra S, Chung EO, Haight SC, Sikander S, Maselko J. Childhood parental bonding and depression in adulthood: A study of mothers in rural Pakistan. J Affect Disord 2024; 356:715-721. [PMID: 38663557 PMCID: PMC11103589 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.04.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parent-child relationship quality can have long-term impacts on child mental health into adulthood. The impact of parental behaviors on the future mental health of children has been understudied in South Asia, where parenting approaches differ from the dominant western approaches often represented in the literature. METHODS Mothers in rural Pakistan (N = 828) reported on their own mothers' parenting behaviors using the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) and were assessed for depression using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM Disorders (SCID). The PBI includes scales for warmth (care scale) and over-control (protection scale), as well as subscales for behavioral control and psychological control. We used structural equation modeling to test the associations between depression and all PBI scales/subscales. RESULTS Increased parental care was associated with lower probability of depression (B = -0.19, SE = 0.09). Parental protection was associated with higher probability of depression (B = 0.25, SE = 0.11). Among the protection subscales, behavioral control was associated with increased risk of depression (B = 0.24, 95 % SE = 0.11) and psychological control was associated with decreased risk of depression (B = -0.28, SE = 0.12). LIMITATIONS This cross-sectional study used retrospective self-reports of parenting experiences. Participants only reported on their mothers, not fathers or other caregivers. CONCLUSIONS In a rural Pakistani sample, maternal warmth was protective against adulthood depression. The association between maternal control and depression varied based on the type of control (behavioral or psychological), emphasizing the importance of nuanced measures of parental control in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Frost
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America.
| | - Ashley Hagaman
- Social Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, United States of America
| | - Amina Bibi
- Human Development Research Foundation, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Esther O Chung
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America; Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America
| | - Sarah C Haight
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America
| | - Siham Sikander
- Pakistan Institute of Living and Learning, Karachi, Pakistan; Department of Primary Care & Mental Health, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Joanna Maselko
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America; Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America
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Yang W, Sun R, Wang C, Chen J, Zhang C, Yu J, Liu H. Epidemiology of depressive disorders among youth during Gaokao to college in China: results from Hunan Normal University mental health survey. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:481. [PMID: 37386434 PMCID: PMC10308668 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04972-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the serious consequences of depression and the lack of information about it during the crucially developmental period from the National College Entrance Exam (CEE, i.e., Chinese gaokao) to college, this study aimed to estimate the cumulative incidence, prevalence, age of onset, correlates, and service use of depressive disorders (DDs) among youth who passed the CEE and were enrolled at Hunan Normal University in China. METHODS A two-stage cross-sectional epidemiological survey of DDs was conducted from October to December, 2017 among 6,922 incoming college students (98.5% effective response, N = 6,818, 71.4% female, age range: 16-25 years, mean age = 18.6). Using a stratified sampling method based on the risk of depression, 926 participants (mean age = 18.5, 75.2% female) were selected and subsequently interviewed with the Kiddie-Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Present and lifetime version (K-SADS-PL). RESULTS The sex-adjusted 9-month (i.e., 3 months pre-CEE, 3 months after CEE, and 3 months post-matriculation) incidence of new-onset DDs was 2.3% (standard error [S.E.] 0.3%), and the sex-adjusted 1-month, 6-month and lifetime prevalence were 0.7 (S.E. 0.3%), 1.7 (S.E. 0.2%) and 7.5% (S.E. 1.3%), respectively. The median age of onset was 17 (interquartile range: 16-18) years. Critically, over one-third (36.5%, S.E. 0.6) of depressed youth had their new onset during the 9-month period. The risk factors for depression included having mothers with higher education, experiencing major life events, being female, and experiencing parental divorce or death. The adjusted lifetime treatment rate was 8.7%. CONCLUSION The 9-month incidence of new-onset depression from gaokao to college among the youth sample in China is similar to the global annual incidence (3.0%), but the 1-month and lifetime prevalence are significantly lower than the global point (7.2%) and lifetime prevalence (19%). These findings suggest a high proportion of new-onset depression during the CEE to college among the sample youth in China. The risk of depression is associated with familial and stress correlates. Low treatment is a serious concern. Emphasis on early prevention and available treatment for adolescent and young adult depression is a critical need in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Yang
- Department of Psychology, Center for Cultural Psychology and Behavior Research, Cognition and Human Behavior of Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, 36 Lushan Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410081, China.
| | - Rui Sun
- Department of Psychology, Center for Cultural Psychology and Behavior Research, Cognition and Human Behavior of Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, 36 Lushan Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410081, China
| | - Chong Wang
- Department of Statistic and Data Science, Cornel University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Psychology, Center for Cultural Psychology and Behavior Research, Cognition and Human Behavior of Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, 36 Lushan Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410081, China
| | - Chunguang Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Center for Cultural Psychology and Behavior Research, Cognition and Human Behavior of Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, 36 Lushan Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410081, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Student Affairs Department, Center for Education and Mental Health Counsel, Hunan Normal University, 36 Lushan Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410081, China.
| | - Haihong Liu
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Gerontology of Medical Institute, Academy of Medical Science and People's Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
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Nie Z, Xie X, Kang L, Wang W, Xu S, Chen M, Yao L, Gong Q, Zhou E, Li M, Wang H, Bu L, Liu Z. A Cross-Sectional Study: Structural and Related Functional Connectivity Changes in the Brain: Stigmata of Adverse Parenting in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder? Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13040694. [PMID: 37190659 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13040694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: There is a high correlation between the risk of major depressive disorder (MDD) and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) such as adverse parenting (AP). While there appears to be an association between ACEs and changes in brain structure and function, there have yet to be multimodal neuroimaging studies of associations between parenting style and brain developmental changes in MDD patients. To explore the effect of AP on brain structure and function. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 125 MDD outpatients were included in the study and divided into the AP group and the optimal parenting (OP) group. Participants completed self-rating scales to assess depressive severity, symptoms, and their parents' styles. They also completed magnetic resonance imaging within one week of filling out the instruments. The differences between groups of gender, educational level, and medications were analyzed using the chi-squared test and those of age, duration of illness, and scores on scales using the independent samples t-test. Differences in gray matter volume (GMV) and resting-state functional connectivity (RS-FC) were assessed between groups. Results: AP was associated with a significant increase in GMV in the right superior parietal lobule (SPL) and FC between the right SPL and the bilateral medial superior frontal cortex in MDD patients. Limitations: The cross-cultural characteristics of AP will result in the lack of generalizability of the findings. Conclusions: The results support the hypothesis that AP during childhood may imprint the brain and affect depressive symptoms in adulthood. Parents should pay attention to the parenting style and avoid a style that lacks warmth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowen Nie
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Xinhui Xie
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Lijun Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Shuxian Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Mianmian Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Lihua Yao
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Qian Gong
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Enqi Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Meng Li
- PET/CT/MRI and Molecular Imaging Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Huiling Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Lihong Bu
- PET/CT/MRI and Molecular Imaging Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Zhongchun Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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Wang S, Lu T, Sun J, Huang L, Li R, Wang T, Yu C. Long-term trends in the incidence of depressive disorders in China, the United States, India and globally: A comparative study from 1990 to 2019. Front Psychol 2023; 13:1066706. [PMID: 36733872 PMCID: PMC9888314 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1066706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Depressive disorders have become an increasingly significant public health issue. This study is intended to show the trend of the incidence of depressive disorders in China, the United States, India and the world from 1990 to 2019, as well as the impact of age, period and cohort on it. Methods Extracting incidence data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, we determined trends in the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) using Joinpoint regression. An age-period-cohort analysis was implemented to describe the effects of age, period, and cohort, as well as the long-term tendencies. Results From 1990 to 2019, the ASIR of depressive disorders in China was lower than that in the United States; India is lower than the United States in the first 5 years, showing a downward trend. The incidence in India and the United States is higher than the global average. The ASIR of women in the three countries is higher than that of men. In China, the elderly, early period and people born around 1954 have a higher risk of depressive disorders. In the United States, young people born around 1999 have a higher risk of depressive disorders. India is similar to China. Conclusion From 1990 to 2019, the age effect of China as a whole increased, and the period became stable, and the cohort effect declined. The overall age and period effects of the United States reduced, while the cohort effect increased. The age effect in India increased, while the period and cohort effects decreased. Depressive disorders are becoming ever more serious worldwide, and we'd better take measures to reduce its incidence according to the cohort effect of each age group.
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Shiraishi N, Murakami M, Goto Y, Kitamura T. Intergenerational transmission of child-rearing styles mediated by adult attachment: A structural equation model approach. PCN REPORTS : PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES 2022; 1:e22. [PMID: 38868686 PMCID: PMC11114271 DOI: 10.1002/pcn5.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Aim Parenting styles are determinants of psychosocial maladjustment in the subsequent generation. Modifiable factors that positively impact intergenerational transmission should be identified. Thus, this study investigated the mediating effects of adult attachment on the transmission of child-rearing styles and the combined impact of fathers' and mothers' styles on their offspring's parenting. Methods Overall, 396 fathers and 733 mothers participated. They were married or cohabiting when their children aged 0-10 years attended a pediatric office in Japan. The pediatricians distributed the self-report questionnaires to examine perceived rearing (the Parental Bonding Instrument), adult attachment (the Relationship Questionnaire), and demographic characteristics. We then analyzed the data using structural equation modeling that illustrated intergenerational transmission of rearing styles between grandparents and parents. Results Overall, 385 fathers (M age = 35.5 years, SD = 6.0) and 699 mothers (M age = 33.5 years, SD = 5.1) satisfied the eligibility criteria. The path models showed that adult attachment to partners mediated grandparental and parental care. However, no mediating effect was observed in other intergenerational patterns that transmitted overprotective rearing styles. Additionally, combined grandfather and grandmother care were positively associated with parental overprotection. Conclusion This study suggested the potential of adult attachment in mediating loving, empathic, and warm rearing styles and the combined effects of both parents' styles on promoting the next-generation parents' overprotective styles. Our findings clarify how to terminate the negative chain of the parent-child transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nao Shiraishi
- Department of Psychiatry and Cognitive‐Behavioral MedicineNagoya City University Graduate School of Medical SciencesNagoyaJapan
| | | | | | - Toshinori Kitamura
- Kitamura Institute of Mental Health TokyoInstitute of Mental Health TokyoTokyoJapan
- Kitamura KOKORO Clinic Mental HealthTokyoJapan
- T. and F. Kitamura Foundation for Mental Health Research and Skill AdvancementTokyoJapan
- Department of PsychiatryGraduate School of Medicine, Nagoya UniversityNagoyaJapan
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Kidd KN, Prasad D, Cunningham JEA, de Azevedo Cardoso T, Frey BN. The relationship between parental bonding and mood, anxiety and related disorders in adulthood: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2022; 307:221-236. [PMID: 35378151 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.03.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A strong bond between parents and their children is essential in promoting healthy psychological development. Poor quality parent-child relationships can render children vulnerable to various adverse outcomes. Although extensive research has highlighted the association between abnormal parent-child bonding and mood and anxiety-related psychopathology in offspring, no systematic review or meta-analysis has assessed this relationship in adults. METHODS A literature search was conducted in five databases (MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science) on January 4th, 2021. Studies that assessed the relationship between parental bonding and the presence of a mood or anxiety disorder in adults were eligible for inclusion. RESULTS Fifty-seven studies were included in the systematic review (n = 44 in the meta-analysis). Quantitative results indicated that individuals with major depression, panic disorder, or persistent depressive disorder reported lower parental care and higher overprotection compared to individuals without psychiatric diagnoses. Qualitative results indicated that individuals with diagnoses of mood or anxiety disorders tended to report higher parental abuse than controls. LIMITATIONS The measures of parental bonding used by the included studies are retrospective and subject to biases. All studies had a case-control design and thus, causal-relationships cannot be drawn from the results. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that poor-quality parental bonding early in life may place offspring at greater risk for mood and anxiety disorders during adulthood. Future research should extend these results by confirming the relationship between parental bonding and other psychiatric disorders, as well as identifying which factors mediate the relationship between abnormal parental bonding and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina N Kidd
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Divya Prasad
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Women's Health Concerns Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Canada
| | | | - Taiane de Azevedo Cardoso
- Mood Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Benicio N Frey
- Women's Health Concerns Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Canada; Mood Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.
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Wang J, Jiao J. Bidirectional Effects Between Parental Care and Depression Among Adolescent Boys: Results From the Chinese Family Panel Studies. Front Psychol 2022; 13:803450. [PMID: 35783720 PMCID: PMC9240277 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.803450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Research has consistently shown the adverse effects of inappropriate parenting on adolescent depression. Meanwhile, interpersonal theories of depression suggest that depressed individuals elicit frustration and rejection from their relational partners. Method Using two-wave data from the Chinese Family Panel Studies (CFPS), the present study examined the prospective relationships between parental care and adolescent depression. Participant were 426 adolescents (54.9% male) born in 1999 (ages at T1 and T2 were 11 and 13). Results Results from the structural equation model showed that parental care prospectively and negatively predicted depression among both adolescent boys and girls. Inversely, adolescent boys’ depression, but not girls’ depression, negatively predicted subsequent parental care. Conclusion The results suggest the interactive dynamic between parental care and adolescent depression as well as parents’ gendered responses to adolescent depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Wang
- School of Languages and Communication Studies, Beijing Jiao Tong University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Jiao
- Department of Communication, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- *Correspondence: Jian Jiao,
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Koutra K, Paschalidou A, Roumeliotaki T, Triliva S. Main and interactive retrospective associations between parental rearing behavior and psychological adjustment in young adulthood. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03011-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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He J, Ouyang F, Li L, Qiu D, Li Y, Xiao S. Incidence trends of major depressive disorder in China: an age-period-cohort modeling study. J Affect Disord 2021; 288:10-16. [PMID: 33839553 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.03.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common public health problem in China. However, few studies have focused on its incidence and separated age, period, and cohort effects. This study aimed to assess the age, period, and cohort effects on the incidence trends of MDD in China between 1993 and 2017. METHODS The incidence data of MDD were obtained from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2017. Age-period-cohort modeling method was used to separate the age, period, and cohort effects on MDD incidence rate. RESULTS The incidence number of MDD increased by 22.8% while the age-standardized incidence rate decreased by 15.6% over 25 years. Age-period-cohort analysis indicated that the net drift was -0.433% per year, with -0.486% for females and -0.385% for males. For both sexes, the local drifts were all <0 in 10 to 54 years age groups but >0 in 55 to 94 years age groups. The longitudinal age curves of MDD incidence basically showed an increasing trend, except for a subpeak at 20-24 years age group. The period rate ratio largely declined over time, except for an uptick after 2003-2007. The cohort rate ratio followed an inverted U-shaped pattern and was highest in 1951-1955 birth cohort. LIMITATIONS The MDD data were estimated and wide social factors were not included in the analyses. CONCLUSION The changes of MDD incidence rate in China are likely to be related to rapid social and economic development, and major historical events. However, the associations need to be interpreted with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun He
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University; and Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Feiyun Ouyang
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University; and Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University; and Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Dan Qiu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University; and Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yilu Li
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University; and Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuiyuan Xiao
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University; and Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Hou Y, Xiao R, Yang X, Chen Y, Peng F, Zhou S, Zeng X, Zhang X. Parenting Style and Emotional Distress Among Chinese College Students: A Potential Mediating Role of the Zhongyong Thinking Style. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1774. [PMID: 32849051 PMCID: PMC7399746 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies suggested that parenting style was associated with college student’s emotional distress. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms of this relation in Chinese culture. The present study investigated the associations between parenting style and college student’s emotional distress (depression and anxiety symptoms), examined the mediating effects of Confucian personality-Zhongyong thinking, and explored whether gender, age, and socioeconomic status (SES) moderated the direct and/or indirect effects of parenting style on emotional distress. Results from a large representative sample of Chinese college students (n = 3943) indicated that (a) parental rejection and overprotection was positively and mildly associated with depressive and anxiety symptoms and negatively and mildly related to Zhongyong thinking. Parental warmth significantly correlated with the three variables in the opposite direction; Zhongyong thinking correlated negatively and moderately with depression, and mildly with anxiety; (b) Zhongyong thinking partially mediated the associations of parental rejection and warmth with emotional distress. Specifically, to the extent that students perceived less rejection and more warmth, they were more likely to develop Zhongyong thinking associated with decreased emotional distress; (c) gender and SES moderated the association between parenting style and Zhongyong thinking. Specifically, for students with low SES, the negative relationship between parental overprotection and Zhongyong thinking was stronger; for males and high SES students, the positive link between parental warmth and Zhongyong thinking were stronger. Results highlight the importance of researching potential effects of college student’s Zhongyong thinking within the family system in Chinese culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Hou
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong Xiao
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueling Yang
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Nursing, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei Peng
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shegang Zhou
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xihua Zeng
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhang
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Hock RS, Mendelson T, Surkan PJ, Bass JK, Bradshaw CP, Hindin MJ. Parenting styles and emerging adult depressive symptoms in Cebu, the Philippines. Transcult Psychiatry 2018; 55:242-260. [PMID: 29493429 DOI: 10.1177/1363461517748813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Incidence of depressive disorders and symptoms increases during the transition to adulthood. The parenting relationship is a potential target for interventions to reduce risk for depression in offspring during this time period, and a four-category typology of parenting styles (authoritative, permissive, authoritarian, and neglectful) has been found to correlate with offspring psychological functioning. The majority of studies, however, have examined this four-category parenting style typology in Western populations. We used the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey (CLHNS) from the Philippines to assess associations between parenting styles reported by offspring at age 18 and depressive symptoms reported by offspring at age 21 ( N = 1,723). Using adjusted linear regression models, we found that authoritarian and neglectful mothering styles were positively associated with daughters' depressive symptoms, whereas authoritarian mothering was negatively associated with sons' depressive symptoms. Findings suggest both cross-cultural similarities and variability in positive parenting. Results may have implications for family-based depression prevention interventions in the Philippines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca S Hock
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School
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Caselli I, Poloni N, Ielmini M, Diurni M, Callegari C. Epidemiology and evolution of the diagnostic classification of factitious disorders in DSM-5. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2017; 10:387-394. [PMID: 29270035 PMCID: PMC5729833 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s153377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A systematic search for all case reports and case series of adult patients with factitious disorders (FD) in the databases MEDLINE, Scopus, and PsycINFO was conducted. FD is a psychiatric disorder in which sufferers intentionally fabricate physical or psychological symptoms in order to assume the role of a patient, without any obvious gain. The clinical and demographic profile of patients with FD has not been sufficiently clear. Thus, the aims of this study were to outline a demographic and clinical profile of a large sample of patients with FD and to study the evolution of the position of FD in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. One thousand six hundred thirty-six records were obtained based on key search terms, after exclusion of duplicate records. Five hundred seventy-seven articles were identified as potentially eligible for the study, of which 314 studies were retrieved for full-text review. These studies included 514 cases. Variables extracted included age, gender, reported occupation, comorbid psychopathology, clinical presentation, and factors leading to the diagnosis of FD. In the sample, 65.4% of patients were females. Mean age at presentation was 33.5 years. A health care profession was reported most frequently (n=113). Patients were most likely to present in psychiatry, neurology, emergency, and internal medicine departments. The broad survey of sociodemographic profile of the sample has highlighted some important points for early diagnosis and early psychiatric treatment. The study showed that the patients did not meet Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 diagnostic criteria in 11.3% of cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivano Caselli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Psychiatry, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Nicola Poloni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Psychiatry, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Marta Ielmini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Psychiatry, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Marcello Diurni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Psychiatry, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Camilla Callegari
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Psychiatry, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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Yates GP, Feldman MD. Factitious disorder: a systematic review of 455 cases in the professional literature. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2016; 41:20-8. [PMID: 27302720 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with factitious disorder (FD) fabricate illness, injury or impairment for psychological reasons and, as a result, misapply medical resources. The demographic and clinical profile of these patients has yet to be described in a sufficiently large sample, which has prevented clinicians from adopting an evidence-based approach to FD. The present study aimed to address this issue through a systematic review of cases reported in the professional literature. METHOD A systematic search for case studies in the MEDLINE, Web of Science and EMBASE databases was conducted. A total of 4092 records were screened and 684 remaining papers were reviewed. A supplementary search was conducted via GoogleScholar, reference lists of eligible articles and key review papers. In total, 372 eligible studies yielded a sample of 455 cases. Information extracted included age, gender, reported occupation, comorbid psychopathology, presenting signs and symptoms, severity and factors leading to the diagnosis of FD. RESULTS A total of 66.2% of patients in our sample were female. Mean age at presentation was 34.2 years. A healthcare or laboratory profession was reported most frequently (N=122). A current or past diagnosis of depression was described more frequently than personality disorder in cases reporting psychiatric comorbidity (41.8% versus 16.5%) and more patients elected to self-induce illness or injury (58.7%) than simulate or falsely report it. Patients were most likely to present with endocrinological, cardiological and dermatological problems. Differences among specialties were observed on demographic factors, severity and factors leading to diagnosis of FD. CONCLUSIONS Based on the largest sample of patients with FD analyzed to date, our findings offer an important first step toward an evidence-based approach to the disorder. Future guidelines must be sensitive to differing methods used by specialists when diagnosing FD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory P Yates
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Marc D Feldman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
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Li Y, Cui N, Cao F, Liu J. Children's Bonding with Parents and Grandparents and Its Associated Factors. CHILD INDICATORS RESEARCH 2016; 9:551-564. [PMID: 27284385 PMCID: PMC4894324 DOI: 10.1007/s12187-015-9328-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Previous literature has focused on the importance of both parental and grandparental bonding. However, few studies have been conducted to measure children's bonding with parents and grandparents simultaneously, especially tested by the same instrument that offers more comparable results. Therefore, we studied the relationships between parental and grandparental bonding using the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), and possible associations between these bonds and sociodemographic variables in 905 Chinese children aged 10-14 years. Children's bonding with mother, father, and grandparents were positively correlated, and the final mixed-effect model showed that several sociodemographic factors (e.g., gender, only children, parents' marital status, and mother's occupation) were associated with parental and grandparental bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuli Li
- School of Nursing, Shandong University, P.R. China and School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Naixue Cui
- School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Fenglin Cao
- School of Nursing, Shandong University, P.R. China
| | - Jianghong Liu
- Corresponding Author: Dr. Jianghong Liu, PhD, RN, University of Pennsylvania Schools of Nursing and Medicine, 418 Curie Blvd., Room 426, Claire M. Fagin Hall, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6096, Tel: (215) 898-8293,
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16
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Differential parenting and risk for psychopathology: a monozygotic twin difference approach. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2015; 50:1569-76. [PMID: 25940788 PMCID: PMC4591114 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-015-1065-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Consistent and non-specific associations have been found between parenting style and major depression, anxiety disorders, and externalizing behavior. Although often considered part of twins' shared environment, parenting can also be conceptualized as non-shared environment. Non-shared environmental influences have important effects on development but are difficult to test and sort out because of the possible confounding effects of gene-environment interactions and evocative gene-environment correlations. The monozygotic (MZ) differences approach is one way to analytically investigate non-shared environment. METHODS The aim of the present study is to use the MZ differences approach to investigate the relationship between differential parenting among 1303 twin pairs (mean age 36.69 ± 8.56) and differences in total symptom counts of major depression (MD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), conduct disorder (CD), and anti-social behavior (ASB) during adulthood. RESULTS Although effect sizes tended to be small, a number of results were significantly different from zero. Perceived differences in parental coldness was positively associated with internalizing disorders. Differences in protectiveness were negatively associated with MD, GAD, and ASB. Differences in authoritarianism were positively associated with MD and CD, but negatively associated with ASB. CONCLUSIONS Perceived differences in parenting style are associated with differences in MD, GAD, CD, and ASB outcomes in a sample of MZ twins. Despite the lack of a basis for making causal inferences about parenting style and psychopathology, these results are suggestive of such a relationship and show that non-shared environmental influence of parenting does in some cases significantly predict adult psychopathology.
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Kendler KS, Aggen SH, Li Y, Lewis CM, Breen G, Boomsma DI, Bot M, Penninx BWJH, Flint J. The similarity of the structure of DSM-IV criteria for major depression in depressed women from China, the United States and Europe. Psychol Med 2015; 45:1945-1954. [PMID: 25781917 PMCID: PMC4446696 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291714003067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Do DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for major depression (MD) in Chinese and Western women perform in a similar manner? METHOD The CONVERGE study included interview-based assessments of women of Han Chinese descent with treated recurrent MD. Using Mplus software, we investigated the overall degree of between-sample measurement invariance (MI) for DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for MD in the CONVERGE sample and samples selected from four major Western studies from the USA and Europe matched to the inclusion criteria of CONVERGE. These analyses were performed one pair at a time. We then compared the results from CONVERGE paired with Western samples to those obtained when examining levels of MI between pairs of the Western samples. RESULTS Assuming a single factor model for the nine diagnostic criteria for MD, the level of MI based on global fit indexes observed between the CONVERGE and the four Western samples was very similar to that seen between the Western samples. Comparable results were obtained when using a two-factor structure for MI testing when applied to the 14 diagnostic criteria for MD disaggregated for weight, appetite, sleep, and psychomotor changes. CONCLUSIONS Despite differences in language, ethnicity and culture, DSM criteria for MD perform similarly in Chinese women with recurrent MD and comparable subjects from the USA and Europe. The DSM criteria for MD may assess depressive symptoms that are relatively insensitive to cultural and ethnic differences. These results support efforts to compare findings from depressed patients in China and Western countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. S. Kendler
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - S. H. Aggen
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Y. Li
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK
| | - C. M. Lewis
- MRC SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - G. Breen
- MRC SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health at the Maudsley and Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - D. I. Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology and EMGO Institute of Health and Care Research, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M. Bot
- Department of Psychiatry and EMGO Institute of Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B. W. J. H. Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry and EMGO Institute of Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J. Flint
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK
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Csala I, Egervari L, Dome P, Faludi G, Dome B, Lazary J. The possible role of maternal bonding style and CHRNB2 gene polymorphisms in nicotine dependence and related depressive phenotype. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2015; 59:84-90. [PMID: 25640319 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholinergic receptors (nAChR) and especially α4β2 nAChRs are the major targets for cessation medications and also for some promising antidepressant agents. Furthermore, depressive symptoms pose multifacet difficulties during cessation therapy. However, gene encoding for the β2 subunit of nAChRs has been poorly investigated in association with depression. Since both nicotine dependence (ND) and depressive phenotype are complex disorders, we investigated the effects of a significant early life experience, maternal bonding style (MB) and CHRNB2 gene SNPs on smoking-related depression. METHODS We recruited two hundred and thirty-two treatment-seeking smokers in our study. Phenotypic variants were evaluated using the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND), the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (ZSDS) and the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI). Besides the total score (TS) of ZSDS, impulsivity (ZSDS-I) and suicidal ideation (ZSDS-S) were distinguished as phenotypic variable. DNAs were extracted from buccal mucosa samples and one SNP in promoter and two SNPs in 3' UTR of CHRNB2 gene were genotyped. GLM and ANOVA tests were performed for genotype associations and interaction analyses. RESULTS Maternal bonding had a significant impact on depressive phenotypes. Low care, high protection and affectionless control (ALC) were associated with ZSDS-TS and all subphenotypes of ZSDS. One SNP, the rs2072660 in 3' UTR, had a significant effect on the FTND score (p=0.010). Direct association of CHRNB2 variants and depressive phenotypes were not significant. However, in interaction with ALC, rs2072660 was significantly associated with ZSDS-S (p=0.005). MB had no significant effect on smoking-related phenotype. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight the important role of 3' UTR in the CHRNB2 gene in the shared molecular background of ND and depressive phenotype. Parental bonding style can be suggested as a significant environmental factor in further GxE studies of depression. The presented significant GxE interaction on smoking-related suicidal subphenotype may help establish further investigations on development of more effective and safer smoking cessation and antidepressant agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iren Csala
- Department of Clinical and Theoretical Mental Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Luca Egervari
- Department of Clinical and Theoretical Mental Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter Dome
- Department of Clinical and Theoretical Mental Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; National Institute of Psychiatry and Addiction, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gabor Faludi
- Department of Clinical and Theoretical Mental Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balazs Dome
- Department of Tumor Biology, National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Institute of Oncology and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Molecular and Gender Imaging, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Judit Lazary
- Department of Clinical and Theoretical Mental Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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Tabak BA, Meyer ML, Castle E, Dutcher JM, Irwin MR, Han JH, Lieberman MD, Eisenberger NI. Vasopressin, but not oxytocin, increases empathic concern among individuals who received higher levels of paternal warmth: A randomized controlled trial. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2015; 51:253-61. [PMID: 25462898 PMCID: PMC4268337 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Empathy improves our ability to communicate in social interactions and motivates prosocial behavior. The neuropeptides arginine vasopressin and oxytocin play key roles in socioemotional processes such as pair bonding and parental care, which suggests that they may be involved in empathic processing. METHODS We investigated how vasopressin and oxytocin affect empathic responding in a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled, between-subjects study design. We also examined the moderating role of parental warmth, as reported in the early family environment, on empathic responding following vasopressin, oxytocin, or placebo administration. RESULTS Among participants who reported higher levels of paternal warmth (but not maternal warmth), vasopressin (vs. placebo and oxytocin) increased ratings of empathic concern after viewing distressing and uplifting videos. No main or interaction effects were found for individuals who received oxytocin. CONCLUSIONS Vasopressin has a role in enhancing empathy among individuals who received higher levels of paternal warmth. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT01680718.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A. Tabak
- Department of Psychology, University of California – Los Angeles, CA,Corresponding author: UCLA Department of Psychology, 1285 Franz Hall, Box 951563, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1563. Phone: (310) 825-2961,
| | - Meghan L. Meyer
- Department of Psychology, University of California – Los Angeles, CA
| | - Elizabeth Castle
- Department of Psychology, University of California – Los Angeles, CA
| | - Janine M. Dutcher
- Department of Psychology, University of California – Los Angeles, CA
| | - Michael R. Irwin
- Department of Psychology, University of California – Los Angeles, CA,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California – Los Angeles, CA,Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California – Los Angeles, CA,Semel Institute for Neuroscience, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California – Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jung H. Han
- Department of Psychology, University of California – Los Angeles, CA
| | - Matthew D. Lieberman
- Department of Psychology, University of California – Los Angeles, CA,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California – Los Angeles, CA
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Luoma I, Korhonen M, Salmelin RK, Helminen M, Tamminen T. Long-term trajectories of maternal depressive symptoms and their antenatal predictors. J Affect Disord 2015; 170:30-8. [PMID: 25218734 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2013] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depressive symptoms, often long-term or recurrent, are common among mothers of young children and a well-known risk for child well-being. We aimed to explore the antecedents of the long-term trajectories of maternal depressive symptoms and to define the antenatal factors predicting the high-symptom trajectories. METHODS The sample comprised 329 mothers from maternity centers. Maternal depressive symptoms were assessed with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) antenatally and at two months, six months, 4-5 years, 8-9 years and 16-17 years after delivery. Maternal expectations concerning the baby were assessed with the Neonatal Perception Inventory (NPI). Background information was gathered with questionnaires. RESULTS A model including four symptom trajectories (very low, low-stable, high-stable and intermittent) was selected to describe the symptom patterns over time. The high-stable and the intermittent trajectory were both predicted pairwise by a high antenatal EPDS sum score as well as high EPDS anxiety and depression subscores but the other predictors were specific for each trajectory. In multivariate analyses, the high-stable trajectory was predicted by a high antenatal EPDS sum score, a high EPDS anxiety subscore, diminished life satisfaction, loneliness and more negative expectations of babies on average. The intermittent trajectory was predicted by a high antenatal EPDS sum score, a poor relationship with own mother and urgent desire to conceive. LIMITATIONS Only self-report questionnaires were used. The sample size was rather small. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest a heterogeneous course and background of maternal depressive symptoms. This should be considered in intervention planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Luoma
- University of Tampere, School of Medicine, University of Tampere, FI-33014, Finland; Tampere University Hospital, Department of Child Psychiatry, PO Box 2000, FI-33521 Tampere, Finland.
| | - Marie Korhonen
- University of Tampere, School of Medicine, University of Tampere, FI-33014, Finland
| | - Raili K Salmelin
- Tampere University Hospital, Department of Child Psychiatry, PO Box 2000, FI-33521 Tampere, Finland; University of Tampere, School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, FI-33014, Finland
| | - Mika Helminen
- University of Tampere, School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, FI-33014, Finland; Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Science Center, PO Box 2000, FI-33521 Tampere, Finland
| | - Tuula Tamminen
- University of Tampere, School of Medicine, University of Tampere, FI-33014, Finland; Tampere University Hospital, Department of Child Psychiatry, PO Box 2000, FI-33521 Tampere, Finland
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Huang P, Zhang T, Miao D, Zhu X. Acute stress responses in Chinese soldiers performing various military tasks. Int J Ment Health Syst 2014; 8:45. [PMID: 25435903 PMCID: PMC4247674 DOI: 10.1186/1752-4458-8-45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To examine Chinese soldiers’ acute stress responses, we did this study. Methods The soldiers completed the Acute Stress Response Scale (ASRS) when engaged in major tasks, such as earthquake rescue in Wenchuan, Sichuan, and maintaining social stability in Urumchi, Xinjiang. The ASRS has good reliability and validity. The study enrolled 1,832 male soldiers. Results The results showed significant differences among five dimensions and the overall response index when comparing four diverse military tasks. Further analysis found that reduced work efficiency and 24 symptom clusters were significantly positively correlated. Conclusions The acute stress response of soldiers performing various tasks was influenced by many factors, including the task characteristics and external factors. In addition, the acute stress response affected their work efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Huang
- Department of Medical Psychology, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032 China
| | - Tengxiao Zhang
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Science Academy, 16 Lincui Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101 China
| | - Danmin Miao
- Department of Medical Psychology, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032 China
| | - Xia Zhu
- Department of Medical Psychology, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032 China
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Li Y, Aggen S, Shi S, Gao J, Li Y, Tao M, Zhang K, Wang X, Gao C, Yang L, Liu Y, Li K, Shi J, Wang G, Liu L, Zhang J, Du B, Jiang G, Shen J, Zhang Z, Liang W, Sun J, Hu J, Liu T, Wang X, Miao G, Meng H, Li Y, Hu C, Li Y, Huang G, Li G, Ha B, Deng H, Mei Q, Zhong H, Gao S, Sang H, Zhang Y, Fang X, Yu F, Yang D, Liu T, Chen Y, Hong X, Wu W, Chen G, Cai M, Song Y, Pan J, Dong J, Pan R, Zhang W, Shen Z, Liu Z, Gu D, Wang X, Liu X, Zhang Q, Flint J, Kendler KS. The structure of the symptoms of major depression: exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis in depressed Han Chinese women. Psychol Med 2014; 44:1391-1401. [PMID: 23920138 PMCID: PMC3967839 DOI: 10.1017/s003329171300192x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The symptoms of major depression (MD) are clinically diverse. Do they form coherent factors that might clarify the underlying nature of this important psychiatric syndrome? METHOD Symptoms at lifetime worst depressive episode were assessed at structured psychiatric interview in 6008 women of Han Chinese descent, age ⩾30 years with recurrent DSM-IV MD. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatoryfactor analysis (CFA) were performed in Mplus in random split-half samples. RESULTS The preliminary EFA results were consistently supported by the findings from CFA. Analyses of the nine DSM-IV MD symptomatic A criteria revealed two factors loading on: (i) general depressive symptoms; and (ii) guilt/suicidal ideation. Examining 14 disaggregated DSM-IV criteria revealed three factors reflecting: (i) weight/appetite disturbance; (ii) general depressive symptoms; and (iii) sleep disturbance. Using all symptoms (n = 27), we identified five factors that reflected: (i) weight/appetite symptoms; (ii) general retarded depressive symptoms; (iii) atypical vegetative symptoms; (iv) suicidality/hopelessness; and (v) symptoms of agitation and anxiety. CONCLUSIONS MD is a clinically complex syndrome with several underlying correlated symptom dimensions. In addition to a general depressive symptom factor, a complete picture must include factors reflecting typical/atypical vegetative symptoms, cognitive symptoms (hopelessness/suicidal ideation), and an agitated symptom factor characterized by anxiety, guilt, helplessness and irritability. Prior cross-cultural studies, factor analyses of MD in Western populations and empirical findings in this sample showing risk factor profiles similar to those seen in Western populations suggest that our results are likely to be broadly representative of the human depressive syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Li
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK
| | - S. Aggen
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - S. Shi
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai, P.R. China (PRC)
- Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, PRC
| | - J. Gao
- Chinese Traditional Hospital of Zhejiang, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PRC
| | - Y. Li
- No. 1 Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PRC
| | - M. Tao
- Xinhua Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PRC
| | - K. Zhang
- No. 1 Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PRC
| | - X. Wang
- ShengJing Hospital of China Medical University, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning, PRC
| | - C. Gao
- No. 1 Hospital of Medical College of Xian Jiaotong University, Xian, Shaanxi, PRC
| | - L. Yang
- Jilin Brain Hospital, Siping, Jilin, PRC
| | - Y. Liu
- The First Hospital of China Medical University, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning, PRC
| | - K. Li
- Mental Hospital of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PRC
| | - J. Shi
- Xian Mental Health Center, New Qujiang District, Xian, Shaanxi, PRC
| | - G. Wang
- Beijing Anding Hospital of Capital University of Medical Sciences, Deshengmen wai, Xicheng District, Beijing, PRC
| | - L. Liu
- Shandong Mental Health Center, Jinan, Shandong, PRC
| | - J. Zhang
- No. 3 Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PRC
| | - B. Du
- Hebei Mental Health Center, Baoding, Hebei, PRC
| | - G. Jiang
- Chongqing Mental Health Center, Jiangbei District, Chongqing, PRC
| | - J. Shen
- Tianjin Anding Hospital, Hexi District, Tianjin, PRC
| | - Z. Zhang
- No. 4 Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, PRC
| | - W. Liang
- Psychiatric Hospital of Henan Province, Xinxiang, Henan, PRC
| | - J. Sun
- Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PRC
| | - J. Hu
- Harbin Medical University, Nangang District, Haerbin, Heilongjiang, PRC
| | - T. Liu
- Shenzhen Kang Ning Hospital, Luohu District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, PRC
| | - X. Wang
- First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PRC
| | - G. Miao
- Guangzhou Brain Hospital (Guangzhou Psychiatric Hospital), Liwan District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PRC
| | - H. Meng
- No. 1 Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, PRC
| | - Y. Li
- Dalian No. 7 Hospital, Ganjingzi District, Dalian, Liaoning, PRC
| | - C. Hu
- No. 3 Hospital of Heilongjiang Province, Beian, Heilongjiang, PRC
| | - Y. Li
- Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, Hubei, PRC
| | - G. Huang
- Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mianyang, Sichuan, PRC
| | - G. Li
- Mental Health Institute of Jining Medical College, Dai Zhuang, Bei Jiao, Jining, Shandong, PRC
| | - B. Ha
- Liaocheng No. 4 Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, PRC
| | - H. Deng
- Mental Health Center of West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan, PRC
| | - Q. Mei
- Suzhou Guangji Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, PRC
| | - H. Zhong
- Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, Anhui, PRC
| | - S. Gao
- Ningbo Kang Ning Hospital, Zhenhai District, Ningbo, Zhejiang, PRC
| | - H. Sang
- Changchun Mental Hospital, Changchun, Jilin, PRC
| | - Y. Zhang
- No. 2 Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, PRC
| | - X. Fang
- Fuzhou Psychiatric Hospital, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian, PRC
| | - F. Yu
- Harbin No. 1 Special Hospital, Haerbin, Heilongjiang, PRC
| | - D. Yang
- Jining Psychiatric Hospital, North Dai Zhuang, Rencheng District, Jining, Shandong, PRC
| | - T. Liu
- No. 2 Xiangya Hospital of Zhongnan University, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan, PRC
| | - Y. Chen
- Xijing Hospital of No. 4 Military Medical University, Xian, Shaanxi, PRC
| | - X. Hong
- Mental Health Center of Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, PRC
| | - W. Wu
- Tongji University Hospital, Shanghai, PRC
| | - G. Chen
- Huaian No. 3 Hospital, Huaian, Jiangsu, PRC
| | - M. Cai
- Huzhou No. 3 Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang, PRC
| | - Y. Song
- Mudanjiang Psychiatric Hospital of Heilongjiang Province, Xinglong, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang, PRC
| | - J. Pan
- No. 1 Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PRC
| | - J. Dong
- Qingdao Mental Health Center, Shibei District, Qingdao, Shandong, PRC
| | - R. Pan
- Guangxi Longquanshan Hospital, Yufeng District, Liuzhou, PRC
| | - W. Zhang
- Daqing No. 3 Hospital of Heilongjiang Province, Ranghulu District, Daqing, Heilongjiang, PRC
| | - Z. Shen
- Tangshan No. 5 Hospital, Lunan District, Tangshan, Hebei, PRC
| | - Z. Liu
- Anshan Psychiatric Rehabilitation Hospital, Lishan District, Anshan, Liaoning, PRC
| | - D. Gu
- Weihai Mental Health Center, ETDZ, Weihai, Shandong, PRC
| | - X. Wang
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei, PRC
| | - X. Liu
- Tianjin First Center Hospital, Hedong District, Tianjin, PRC
| | - Q. Zhang
- Hainan Anning Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, PRC
| | - J. Flint
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK
| | - K. S. Kendler
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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Chen J, Cai Y, Cong E, Liu Y, Gao J, Li Y, Tao M, Zhang K, Wang X, Gao C, Yang L, Li K, Shi J, Wang G, Liu L, Zhang J, Du B, Jiang G, Shen J, Zhang Z, Liang W, Sun J, Hu J, Liu T, Wang X, Miao G, Meng H, Li Y, Hu C, Li Y, Huang G, Li G, Ha B, Deng H, Mei Q, Zhong H, Gao S, Sang H, Zhang Y, Fang X, Yu F, Yang D, Liu T, Chen Y, Hong X, Wu W, Chen G, Cai M, Song Y, Pan J, Dong J, Pan R, Zhang W, Shen Z, Liu Z, Gu D, Wang X, Liu X, Zhang Q, Li Y, Chen Y, Kendler KS, Shi S, Flint J. Childhood sexual abuse and the development of recurrent major depression in Chinese women. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87569. [PMID: 24489940 PMCID: PMC3906190 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our prior study in Han Chinese women has shown that women with a history of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) are at increased risk for developing major depression (MD). Would this relationship be found in our whole data set? METHOD Three levels of CSA (non-genital, genital, and intercourse) were assessed by self-report in two groups of Han Chinese women: 6017 clinically ascertained with recurrent MD and 5983 matched controls. Diagnostic and other risk factor information was assessed at personal interview. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated by logistic regression. RESULTS We confirmed earlier results by replicating prior analyses in 3,950 new recurrent MD cases. There were no significant differences between the two data sets. Any form of CSA was significantly associated with recurrent MD (OR 4.06, 95% confidence interval (CI) [3.19-5.24]). This association strengthened with increasing CSA severity: non-genital (OR 2.21, 95% CI 1.58-3.15), genital (OR 5.24, 95% CI 3.52-8.15) and intercourse (OR 10.65, 95% CI 5.56-23.71). Among the depressed women, those with CSA had an earlier age of onset, longer depressive episodes. Recurrent MD patients those with CSA had an increased risk for dysthymia (OR 1.60, 95%CI 1.11-2.27) and phobia (OR 1.41, 95%CI 1.09-1.80). Any form of CSA was significantly associated with suicidal ideation or attempt (OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.20-1.89) and feelings of worthlessness or guilt (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.02-2.02). Intercourse (OR 3.47, 95%CI 1.66-8.22), use of force and threats (OR 1.95, 95%CI 1.05-3.82) and how strongly the victims were affected at the time (OR 1.39, 95%CI 1.20-1.64) were significantly associated with recurrent MD. CONCLUSIONS In Chinese women CSA is strongly associated with recurrent MD and this association increases with greater severity of CSA. Depressed women with CSA have some specific clinical traits. Some features of CSA were associated with greater likelihood of developing recurrent MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiyun Cai
- Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Enzhao Cong
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Liu
- The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingfang Gao
- Chinese Traditional Hospital of Zhejiang, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Youhui Li
- No.1 Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Tao
- Xinhua Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Kerang Zhang
- No.1 Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xumei Wang
- ShengJing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengge Gao
- No. 1 Hospital of Medical College of Xian Jiaotong University, Xian, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Yang
- Jilin Brain Hospital, Siping, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Kan Li
- Mental Hospital of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianguo Shi
- Xian Mental Health Center, Xian, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Wang
- Beijing Anding Hospital of Capital University of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lanfen Liu
- Shandong Mental Health Center, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinbei Zhang
- No. 3 Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Du
- Hebei Mental Health Center, Baoding, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqing Jiang
- Chongqing Mental Health Center, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Shen
- Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- No.4 Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Liang
- Psychiatric Hospital of Henan Province, Xinxiang, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Sun
- Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Hu
- Harbin Medical University, Haerbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiebang Liu
- Shenzhen Kang Ning Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueyi Wang
- First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Guodong Miao
- Guangzhou Brain Hospital (Guangzhou Psychiatric Hospital), Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaqing Meng
- No.1 Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Li
- Dalian No.7 Hospital, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunmei Hu
- No.3 Hospital of Heilongjiang Province, Beian, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Li
- Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoping Huang
- Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mianyang, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Gongying Li
- Mental Health Institute of Jining Medical College, Jining, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Baowei Ha
- Liaocheng No.4 Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Deng
- Mental Health Center of West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiyi Mei
- Suzhou Guangji Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhong
- Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Shugui Gao
- Ningbo Kang Ning Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Sang
- Changchun Mental Hospital, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yutang Zhang
- No.2 Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Fang
- Fuzhou Psychiatric Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengyu Yu
- Harbin No.1 Special Hospital, Haerbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Donglin Yang
- Jining Psychiatric Hospital, Jining, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Tieqiao Liu
- No.2 Xiangya Hospital of Zhongnan University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunchun Chen
- Xijing Hospital of No.4 Military Medical University, Xian, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Hong
- Mental Health Center of Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyuan Wu
- Tongji University Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Guibing Chen
- Huaian No.3 Hospital, Huaian, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Cai
- Huzhou No.3 Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Song
- Mudanjiang Psychiatric Hospital of Heilongjiang Province, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiyang Pan
- No.1 Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jicheng Dong
- Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Runde Pan
- Guangxi Longquanshan Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Daqing No.3 Hospital of Heilongjiang Province, Daqing, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenming Shen
- Tangshan No.5 Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengrong Liu
- Anshan Psychiatric Rehabilitation Hospital, Anshan, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Danhua Gu
- Weihai Mental Health Center, Weihai, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojuan Liu
- Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiwen Zhang
- Hainan Anning Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihan Li
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yiping Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kenneth S. Kendler
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Shenxun Shi
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jonathan Flint
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, United Kingdom
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24
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Wang L, Liu L, Shi S, Gao J, Liu Y, Li Y, Zhang Z, Wang G, Zhang K, Tao M, Gao C, Li K, Wang X, Lv L, Jiang G, Wang X, Jia H, Zhang J, Lu C, Li Y, Li K, Hu C, Ning Y, Li Y, Sun J, Liu T, Zhang Y, Ha B, Tian H, Meng H, Hu J, Chen Y, Deng H, Huang G, Wu W, Li G, Fang X, Pan J, Hong X, Gao S, Li X, Yang D, Chen G, Liu T, Cai M, Dong J, Mei Q, Shen Z, Pan R, Liu Z, Wang X, Tan Y, Flint J, Kendler KS. Cognitive trio: relationship with major depression and clinical predictors in Han Chinese women. Psychol Med 2013; 43:2265-2275. [PMID: 23425530 PMCID: PMC3807662 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291713000160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Revised: 01/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies support Beck's cognitive model of vulnerability to depression. However, the relationship between his cognitive triad and other clinical features and risk factors among those with major depression (MD) has rarely been systematically studied. METHOD The three key cognitive symptoms of worthlessness, hopelessness and helplessness were assessed during their lifetime worst episode in 1970 Han Chinese women with recurrent MD. Diagnostic and other risk factor information was assessed at personal interview. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated by logistic regression. RESULTS Compared to patients who did not endorse the cognitive trio, those who did had a greater number of DSM-IV A criteria, more individual depressive symptoms, an earlier age at onset, a greater number of episodes, and were more likely to meet diagnostic criteria for melancholia, postnatal depression, dysthymia and anxiety disorders. Hopelessness was highly related to all the suicidal symptomatology, with ORs ranging from 5.92 to 6.51. Neuroticism, stressful life events (SLEs) and a protective parental rearing style were associated with these cognitive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS During the worst episode of MD in Han Chinese women, the endorsement of the cognitive trio was associated with a worse course of depression and an increased risk of suicide. Individuals with high levels of neuroticism, many SLEs and high parental protectiveness were at increased risk for these cognitive depressive symptoms. As in Western populations, symptoms of the cognitive trio appear to play a central role in the psychopathology of MD in Chinese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Wang
- Shandong Mental Health Center, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China (P.R.C.)
| | - L. Liu
- Shandong Mental Health Center, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China (P.R.C.)
| | - S. Shi
- Fudan University Affiliated Huashan Hospital, Shanghai, P.R.C.
| | - J. Gao
- ZheJiang Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Hangzhou Zhe Jiang, P.R.C.
| | - Y. Liu
- The First Hospital of China Medical University, He Ping District, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R.C.
| | - Y. Li
- No. 1 Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R.C.
| | - Z. Zhang
- No. 4 Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R.C.
| | - G. Wang
- Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Xicheng District, Beijing, P.R.C.
| | - K. Zhang
- No. 1 Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R.C.
| | - M. Tao
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhe Jiang, P.R.C.
| | - C. Gao
- No. 1 Hospital of Medical College of Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R.C.
| | - K. Li
- Mental Hospital of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi, P.R.C.
| | - X. Wang
- Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Heping District Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R.C.
| | - L. Lv
- Psychiatric Hospital of Henan Province, Xinxiang, Henan, P.R.C.
| | - G. Jiang
- Chongqing Mental Health Center, Chongqing, P.R.C.
| | - X. Wang
- The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R.C.
| | - H. Jia
- Jilin Brain Hospital, Siping, Jilin, P.R.C.
| | - J. Zhang
- No. 3 Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Tian He District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R.C.
| | - C. Lu
- Shandong Mental Health Center, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China (P.R.C.)
| | - Y. Li
- Dalian No. 7 People's Hospital & Dalian Mental Health Center, Gan Jing Zi District, Dalian, Liaoning, P.R.C.
| | - K. Li
- Hebei Mental Health Center, Baoding, Hebei, P.R.C.
| | - C. Hu
- No. 3 Hospital of Heilongjiang Province, Beian, Heilongjiang, P.R.C.
| | - Y. Ning
- Guangzhou Brain Hospital/Guangzhou Psychiatric Hospital, Fang Cun Da Dao, Li Wan District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R.C.
| | - Y. Li
- Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, P.R.C.
| | - J. Sun
- Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R.C.
| | - T. Liu
- Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Luo Hu, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R.C.
| | - Y. Zhang
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, P.R.C.
| | - B. Ha
- No. 4 People's Hospital of Liaocheng, Liaocheng, Shandong, P.R.C.
| | - H. Tian
- Tianjin Anding Hospital, Hexi District, Tianjin, P.R.C.
| | - H. Meng
- No. 1 Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yu Zhong District, Chongqing, P.R.C.
| | - J. Hu
- No. 1 Mental Health Center Affiliated Harbin Medical University, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R.C.
| | - Y. Chen
- The Fourth Military Medical University Affiliated Xijing Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R.C.
| | - H. Deng
- Mental Health Center of West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Wu Hou District, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R.C.
| | - G. Huang
- Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mian Yang, Sichuan, P.R.C.
| | - W. Wu
- Shanghai Tongji University Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Shanghai, P.R.C.
| | - G. Li
- Mental Health Institute of Jining Medical College, Dai Zhuang, Bei Jiao, Jining, Shandong, P.R.C.
| | - X. Fang
- Fuzhou Psychiatric Hospital, Cang Shan District, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R.C.
| | - J. Pan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Tian He District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R.C.
| | - X. Hong
- Mental Health Center of Shantou University, Wan Ji Industrial Zone, Tai Shan Bei Lu, Shantou, Guangdong, P.R.C.
| | - S. Gao
- Ningbo Kang Ning Hospital, Zhen Hai District, Ningbo, P.R.C.
| | - X. Li
- Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, Anhui, P.R.C.
| | - D. Yang
- Jining Psychiatric Hospital, Bei Dai Zhuang, Ren Cheng District, Jining, Shandong, P.R.C.
| | - G. Chen
- Huaian No. 3 Hospital, Huaian, Jiangsu, P.R.C.
| | - T. Liu
- No. 2 Xiangya Hospital of Zhongnan University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R.C.
| | - M. Cai
- Huzhou No. 3 Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang, P.R.C.
| | - J. Dong
- Qingdao Mental Health Center, Shibei District, Qingdao, Shandong, P.R.C.
| | - Q. Mei
- Suzhou Guangji Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R.C.
| | - Z. Shen
- Tangshan No. 5 Hospital, Lu Nan District, Tangshan, Hebei, P.R.C.
| | - R. Pan
- Guangxi Longquanshan Hospital, Yu Feng District, Liuzhou, P.R.C.
| | - Z. Liu
- Anshan Psychiatric Rehabilitation Hospital, Li Shan District, Anshan, Liaoning, P.R.C.
| | - X. Wang
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wu Chang District, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R.C.
| | - Y. Tan
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Changping District, Beijing, P.R.C.
| | - J. Flint
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK
| | - K. S. Kendler
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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25
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Hakulinen C, Jokela M, Hintsanen M, Pulkki-Råback L, Hintsa T, Merjonen P, Josefsson K, Kähönen M, Raitakari OT, Keltikangas-Järvinen L. Childhood family factors predict developmental trajectories of hostility and anger: a prospective study from childhood into middle adulthood. Psychol Med 2013; 43:2417-2426. [PMID: 23369583 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291713000056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low socio-economic status (SES), and a conflictive, cold and unsupportive family environment in childhood have been associated with early adulthood hostility. However, it is unknown whether this association changes in magnitude with age from childhood to adulthood. We investigated whether childhood family factors (SES and parental child-rearing style) predicted differential development of offspring hostility and anger from early to middle adulthood. METHOD Between 2041 and 2316 participants (age range 3-18 years at baseline) were selected from the longitudinal Young Finns study. The participants were followed for 27 years between 1980 and 2007. Childhood SES and parent's self-reported child-rearing style were measured twice: at baseline and 3 years after baseline. Hostility and anger were assessed with self-report questionnaires at 12, 17, 21 and 27 years after baseline. RESULTS Low parental SES and hostile child-rearing style at baseline predicted higher mean levels of offspring anger and hostility. Low parental SES and one of the hostile child-rearing style components (strict disciplinary style) became more strongly associated with offspring hostility with age, suggesting an accumulating effect. CONCLUSIONS Childhood family factors predict the development of hostility and anger over 27 years and some of these family factors have a long-term accumulating effect on the development of hostility.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Hakulinen
- IBS, Unit of Personality, Work and Health Psychology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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26
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Parenting and risk for mood, anxiety and substance use disorders: a study in population-based male twins. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2013; 48:1841-9. [PMID: 23344783 PMCID: PMC3661760 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-013-0656-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies consistently identified a relationship between parenting behavior and psychopathology. In this study, we extended prior analyses performed in female twins to a large sample of twins from male-male pairs. METHODS We used interview data on 2,609 adult male twins from a population-based twin registry. We examined the association between three retrospectively reported parenting dimensions (coldness, protectiveness, and authoritarianism) and lifetime history of seven common psychiatric and substance use disorders. Using univariate structural equation modeling, we also examined the influence of the genetic and environmental factors on parenting. RESULTS Examined individually, coldness was consistently associated with risk for a broad range of adult psychopathology. Averaged odds of psychiatric disorders associated with parenting were increased between 26 and 36 %. When the three parenting dimensions were examined together, coldness remained significant for major depression, phobia, and generalized anxiety disorder. Controlling for other disorders, the associations between the parenting dimensions and psychopathology were non-specific. Twin fitting model demonstrated that modest heritability accounted for parenting, whereas most variance resulted from the non-shared environment. CONCLUSIONS Based on our current and prior findings, there is broad similarity in the impact of parenting on adult psychopathology between men and women.
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