1
|
Wang X, Wang Q, Ren H, Wang X, Tang J, Liao Y, Wu Q, Liu Y, Chen S, Zhou Y, Hao Y, Ma Y, He L, Wang Y, Li M, Zhang J, Yang Q, Peng P, Xu H, He H, Wang Y, Long J, Liu T, Zhang XY. The prevalence and clinical correlates of anxiety in Chinese patients with first-episode and drug-naïve major depressive disorder at different ages of onset. J Affect Disord 2023; 325:306-312. [PMID: 36638965 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) with comorbid anxiety is very common and is associated with worse clinical outcomes. MDD patients at different ages of onset may have different clinical features and associated factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of anxiety and related factors in MDD patients at different ages of onset. METHODS A total of 1718 first-episode and drug-naïve (FEDN) MDD patients were recruited. The cutoff point for early-adulthood onset (EAO) and mid-adulthood onset (MAO) was the first depressive episode before or after age 45 years. Clinical features (depressive, anxiety and psychiatric symptoms) and some metabolic parameters were collected. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the prevalence of anxiety between EAO patients (50.7 %) and MAO patients (55.7 %). For EAO patients, regression analysis showed that TSH levels, TgAb levels, and TC levels were significantly associated with anxiety. For MAO patients, regression analysis showed that anxiety was associated with HDL-c levels and impaired glucose metabolism. Furthermore, suicide attempts, psychotic symptoms, and depression severity were correlated with anxiety in both groups. LIMITATIONS Our cross-sectional study cannot explain the causal relationship between anxiety and related factors in MDD patients at different ages of onset. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that the clinical characteristics and factors associated with anxiety in MDD patients differed according to age of onset, and therefore age of onset needs to be considered while treating anxiety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qianjin Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Honghong Ren
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Xuyi Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jinsong Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanhui Liao
- Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiuxia Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yueheng Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shubao Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yanan Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuzhu Hao
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuejiao Ma
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Li He
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yunfei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Manyun Li
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Junhong Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Pu Peng
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Huixue Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Haoyu He
- Department of Psychology, College of Education, Hunan First Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- School of Physical Education and Health, Hunan University of Technology and Business, Changsha, China
| | - Jiang Long
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tieqiao Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Xiang-Yang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhou Y, Wang Q, Ren H, Yang WFZ, Ma Y, Wu Q, Luo Y, Yang D, Liu T, Zhang X. Prevalence and related factors of anxiety in first episode and drug naïve Chinese Han outpatients with psychotic major depression. J Affect Disord 2022; 316:217-222. [PMID: 35964768 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety frequently occurs with major depressive disorder (MDD) but to a different extent in the various subtypes. Psychotic major depression (PMD) is a severe subtype of MDD that is under-identified and under-studied. We investigated the prevalence and related risk factors of anxiety in PMD patients. METHODS A total of 1718 first episode and drug naïve MDD patients were recruited. Measures included the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), Clinical Global Impression-Severity scale (CGI-S), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), and positive symptom scale of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), thyroid hormone levels, and metabolic parameters. RESULTS 171 of the entire MDD study sample met the criteria for the PMD subtype. The prevalence of severe anxiety was much higher in PMD patients (22.8 %) than in non-PMD patients (0.4 %) (χ2 = 294.69, P < 0.001, OR = 75.88, 95 % CI = 31.55-182.52). Compared to PMD patients without severe anxiety, PMD patients with severe anxiety had higher HAMD score, CGI-S score, positive symptom subscale score, suicide attempts, blood pressure, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), anti-thyroglobulin (TgAb), and thyroid peroxidases antibody (TPOAb) levels. Furthermore, logistic regression analysis indicated that HAMD score and TSH levels were associated with severe anxiety in PMD patients. LIMITATIONS Our cross-sectional study cannot explain the causal relationship between anxiety severity and risk factors in PMD patients. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that PMD patients are more likely to experience severe anxiety than non-PMD patients. The severity of depression and TSH levels are independent risk factors for anxiety in PMD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province (The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province), Changsha, China; Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qianjin Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Honghong Ren
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Winson Fu Zun Yang
- Department of Psychological Sciences, College of Arts & Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Yuejiao Ma
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qiuxia Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yinli Luo
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province (The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province), Changsha, China
| | - Dong Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province (The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province), Changsha, China
| | - Tieqiao Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Xiangyang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ravi V, Wang J, Flint J, Alwan A. A Step Towards Preserving Speakers' Identity While Detecting Depression Via Speaker Disentanglement. INTERSPEECH 2022; 2022:3338-3342. [PMID: 36341467 PMCID: PMC9635494 DOI: 10.21437/interspeech.2022-10798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Preserving a patient's identity is a challenge for automatic, speech-based diagnosis of mental health disorders. In this paper, we address this issue by proposing adversarial disentanglement of depression characteristics and speaker identity. The model used for depression classification is trained in a speaker-identity-invariant manner by minimizing depression prediction loss and maximizing speaker prediction loss during training. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated on two datasets - DAIC-WOZ (English) and CONVERGE (Mandarin), with three feature sets (Mel-spectrograms, raw-audio signals, and the last-hidden-state of Wav2vec2.0), using a modified DepAudioNet model. With adversarial training, depression classification improves for every feature when compared to the baseline. Wav2vec2.0 features with adversarial learning resulted in the best performance (F1-score of 69.2% for DAIC-WOZ and 91.5% for CONVERGE). Analysis of the class-separability measure (J-ratio) of the hidden states of the DepAudioNet model shows that when adversarial learning is applied, the backend model loses some speaker-discriminability while it improves depression-discriminability. These results indicate that there are some components of speaker identity that may not be useful for depression detection and minimizing their effects provides a more accurate diagnosis of the underlying disorder and can safeguard a speaker's identity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Ravi
- Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Jinhan Wang
- Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Jonathan Flint
- Dept. of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Abeer Alwan
- Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wong JJ, Wong NML, Chang DHF, Qi D, Chen L, Lee TMC. Amygdala-pons connectivity is hyperactive and associated with symptom severity in depression. Commun Biol 2022; 5:574. [PMID: 35688901 PMCID: PMC9187701 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03463-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of the neural underpinnings of processing sad information and how it differs in people with depression could elucidate the neural mechanisms perpetuating sad mood in depression. Here, we conduct a 7 T fMRI study to delineate the neural correlates involved only in processing sad information, including pons, amygdala, and corticolimbic regions. We then conduct a 3 T fMRI study to examine the resting-state connectivity in another sample of people with and without depression. Only clinically depressed people demonstrate hyperactive amygdala–pons connectivity. Furthermore, this connectivity is related to depression symptom severity and is a significant indicator of depression. We speculate that visual sad information reinforces depressed mood and stimulates the pons, strengthening the amygdala–pons connectivity. The relationship between this connectivity and depressive symptom severity suggests that guiding one’s visual attention and processing of sad information may benefit mood regulation. A study on patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) suggests that a specific sadness-processing connection between the amygdala and pons appears to be dysfunctional among people with MDD and associated with severity of depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jun Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Laboratory of Neuropsychology and Human Neuroscience, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nichol M L Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dorita H F Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Di Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Laboratory of Neuropsychology and Human Neuroscience, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Tatia M C Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. .,Laboratory of Neuropsychology and Human Neuroscience, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. .,Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ravi V, Wang J, Flint J, Alwan A. FRAUG: A FRAME RATE BASED DATA AUGMENTATION METHOD FOR DEPRESSION DETECTION FROM SPEECH SIGNALS. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ... IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING. ICASSP (CONFERENCE) 2022; 2022:6267-6271. [PMID: 35531125 PMCID: PMC9070766 DOI: 10.1109/icassp43922.2022.9746307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a data augmentation method is proposed for depression detection from speech signals. Samples for data augmentation were created by changing the frame-width and the frame-shift parameters during the feature extraction process. Unlike other data augmentation methods (such as VTLP, pitch perturbation, or speed perturbation), the proposed method does not explicitly change acoustic parameters but rather the time-frequency resolution of frame-level features. The proposed method was evaluated using two different datasets, models, and input acoustic features. For the DAIC-WOZ (English) dataset when using the DepAudioNet model and mel-Spectrograms as input, the proposed method resulted in an improvement of 5.97% (validation) and 25.13% (test) when compared to the baseline. The improvements for the CONVERGE (Mandarin) dataset when using the x-vector embeddings with CNN as the backend and MFCCs as input features were 9.32% (validation) and 12.99% (test). Baseline systems do not incorporate any data augmentation. Further, the proposed method outperformed commonly used data-augmentation methods such as noise augmentation, VTLP, Speed, and Pitch Perturbation. All improvements were statistically significant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Ravi
- Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Jinhan Wang
- Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Jonathan Flint
- Dept. of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Abeer Alwan
- Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tanifuji T, Aoyama S, Shinko Y, Mouri K, Kim S, Satomi‐Kobayashi S, Shinohara M, Kawano S, Sora I. Psychological symptoms and related risk factors among healthcare workers and medical students during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan. PCN REPORTS : PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES 2022; 1:e5. [PMID: 37520186 PMCID: PMC9088491 DOI: 10.1002/pcn5.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Aim The aim of this study was to investigate the mental health status of healthcare workers and medical students during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods An online questionnaire was administered to 637 students and 3189 healthcare workers from May to July, 2020. The patient healthcare questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and state anxiety (A-State) of the state-trait anxiety inventory-form (STAI) were used to assess depression and anxiety symptoms, respectively. Individuals were categorized into severe (15 or higher) depression and severe (50-51 or higher) anxiety groups. Results Healthcare workers and those taking care of COVID-19 patients had a higher risk of severe depression (PHQ-9 scores >15) than other comparison groups. Students and men also had a higher risk of severe anxiety (STAI > 50-51). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that healthcare workers had a fivefold higher risk of developing severe depression symptoms (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 4.99, confidence interval [CI] 2.24-5.97, P-value < 0.001) and those taking care of COVID-19 patients had 2.8-fold higher risk of developing severe depression symptoms (OR 2.75, CI 1.36-5.53, P-value = 0.005). Conclusion Both medical students and healthcare workers have been experiencing depression and anxiety symptoms during the first wave of the pandemic. Our findings showed a high rate of severe anxiety symptoms in medical students and a high rate of severe depression symptoms in healthcare workers. Those who treated COVID-19 patients were at greater risk of developing major depressive disorder than those who treated non-COVID-19 patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takaki Tanifuji
- Department of PsychiatryKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
| | - Shinsuke Aoyama
- Department of PsychiatryKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
| | - Yutaka Shinko
- Department of PsychiatryKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
| | - Kentaro Mouri
- Department of PsychiatryKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
| | - Saehyeon Kim
- Department of PsychiatryKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
| | | | - Masakazu Shinohara
- Department of EpidemiologyKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
| | - Seiji Kawano
- Department of Medical EducationKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
| | - Ichiro Sora
- Department of PsychiatryKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang J, Ravi V, Flint J, Alwan A. Unsupervised Instance Discriminative Learning for Depression Detection from Speech Signals. INTERSPEECH 2022; 2022:2018-2022. [PMID: 36341466 PMCID: PMC9634944 DOI: 10.21437/interspeech.2022-10814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a severe illness that affects millions of people, and it is critical to diagnose this disorder as early as possible. Detecting depression from voice signals can be of great help to physicians and can be done without any invasive procedure. Since relevant labelled data are scarce, we propose a modified Instance Discriminative Learning (IDL) method, an unsupervised pre-training technique, to extract augment-invariant and instance-spread-out embeddings. In terms of learning augment-invariant embeddings, various data augmentation methods for speech are investigated, and time-masking yields the best performance. To learn instance-spreadout embeddings, we explore methods for sampling instances for a training batch (distinct speaker-based and random sampling). It is found that the distinct speaker-based sampling provides better performance than the random one, and we hypothesize that this result is because relevant speaker information is preserved in the embedding. Additionally, we propose a novel sampling strategy, Pseudo Instance-based Sampling (PIS), based on clustering algorithms, to enhance spread-out characteristics of the embeddings. Experiments are conducted with DepAudioNet on DAIC-WOZ (English) and CONVERGE (Mandarin) datasets, and statistically significant improvements, with p-value 0.0015 and 0.05, respectively, are observed using PIS in the detection of MDD relative to the baseline without pre-training.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhan Wang
- Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Vijay Ravi
- Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Jonathan Flint
- Dept. of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Abeer Alwan
- Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Prevalence and clinical profiles of comorbid anxiety in first episode and drug naïve patients with major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord 2019; 257:200-206. [PMID: 31301624 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety is a common comorbidity in major depressive disorder (MDD) that has been studied extensively in the past. However, few studies have explored anxiety in drug naïve (FEDN) patients with MDD and those presenting with a first episode. The objective of this current study was to examine the prevalence and risk factors of anxiety in FEDN patients with MDD in order to understand the relationship between MDD and anxiety in the acute early phase and provide important implications for therapeutic interventions. METHODS A total of 1718 FEDN patients with MDD were recruited in this cross-sectional study. Their anthropometric and clinical data, including suicide attempt and psychotic symptom, were collected. The Hamilton depression scale (HAMD) and Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA) were used to evaluate depression and anxiety for all the patients in this study. RESULTS Overall, we found that the prevalence of anxiety in FEDN MDD patients was 80.3%. Correlation analysis showed that anxiety was associated with suicide attempt and psychotic symptom in FEDN patients with MDD. The rate of suicide attempt and psychosis in above patients with anxiety was 24.3% and 12.3%, respectively. Furthermore, stepwise regression analysis showed that suicide attempt and psychotic symptom were significant predictors for anxiety in FEDN patients with MDD. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that the prevalence of comorbid anxiety in FEDN patients with MDD is very high. We also found that two clinical variables, suicide attempt and psychosis, are risk factors for comorbid anxiety in FEDN patients with MDD.
Collapse
|
9
|
Wu Z, Cao L, Peng D, Mellor D, Zhang C, Li H, Wang Z, Song Y, Li C, Fang Y. The clinical correlates of comorbid anxiety symptoms and syndromal anxiety in patients with major depressive disorder. Psychiatry Res 2018; 269:251-257. [PMID: 30170282 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study explored the magnitude and clinical correlates of anxiety in three groups of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD): those with comorbid anxiety disorders (the COM group), those with subthreshold core anxiety disorder symptoms that are the screening items for anxiety disorders on the MINI (the SUB group), and those with neither anxiety disorders nor subthreshold core anxiety disorder symptoms (the NON group). Anxiety symptomatology of 1052 patients from 8 psychiatric settings in mainland China, who met DSM-IV TR criteria for MDD, was assessed using the MINI. The presence of core anxiety symptoms was determined by patient endorsement of any screening item of panic disorder, agoraphobia, social anxiety disorder, or generalized anxiety disorder. The prevalences of comorbid subthreshold core anxiety symptoms and anxiety disorders were 13% and 28.7%, respectively. The SUB and COM cases showed similar patterns of clinical presentation. Both were more likely than the NON cases to be characterized by younger age, concurrent dysthymia and OCD, suicidal ideation and attempted suicides. These findings highlight the importance of assessing both anxiety symptoms and anxiety disorders in the presence of MDD, and suggest the need for novel assessments capable of addressing different levels of anxiety in depressed patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Wu
- Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 South Wan Ping Road, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, 600 South Wan Ping Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Cao
- Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 South Wan Ping Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Daihui Peng
- Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 South Wan Ping Road, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, 600 South Wan Ping Road, Shanghai, China
| | - David Mellor
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Australia
| | - Chen Zhang
- Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 South Wan Ping Road, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, 600 South Wan Ping Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Haozhe Li
- Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 South Wan Ping Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Zuowei Wang
- Division of Mood Disorders, Hongkou District Mental Health Center of Shanghai, 159 Tongxin Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyan Song
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 227 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunbo Li
- Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 South Wan Ping Road, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, 600 South Wan Ping Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiru Fang
- Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 South Wan Ping Road, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, 600 South Wan Ping Road, Shanghai, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, 600 South Wan Ping Road, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Edwards AC, Docherty AR, Moscati A, Bigdeli TB, Peterson RE, Webb BT, Bacanu SA, Hettema JM, Flint J, Kendler KS. Polygenic risk for severe psychopathology among Europeans is associated with major depressive disorder in Han Chinese women. Psychol Med 2018; 48:777-789. [PMID: 28969721 PMCID: PMC5843532 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291717002148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have demonstrated that several major psychiatric disorders are influenced by shared genetic factors. This shared liability may influence clinical features of a given disorder (e.g. severity, age at onset). However, findings have largely been limited to European samples; little is known about the consistency of shared genetic liability across ethnicities. METHOD The relationship between polygenic risk for several major psychiatric diagnoses and major depressive disorder (MDD) was examined in a sample of unrelated Han Chinese women. Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) were generated using European discovery samples and tested in the China, Oxford, and VCU Experimental Research on Genetic Epidemiology [CONVERGE (maximum N = 10 502)], a sample ascertained for recurrent MDD. Genetic correlations between discovery phenotypes and MDD were also assessed. In addition, within-case characteristics were examined. RESULTS European-based polygenic risk for several major psychiatric disorder phenotypes was significantly associated with the MDD case status in CONVERGE. Risk for clinically significant indicators (neuroticism and subjective well-being) was also associated with case-control status. The variance accounted for by PRS for both psychopathology and for well-being was similar to estimates reported for within-ethnicity comparisons in European samples. However, European-based PRS were largely unassociated with CONVERGE family history, clinical characteristics, or comorbidity. CONCLUSIONS The shared genetic liability across severe forms of psychopathology is largely consistent across European and Han Chinese ethnicities, with little attenuation of genetic signal relative to within-ethnicity analyses. The overall absence of associations between PRS for other disorders and within-MDD variation suggests that clinical characteristics of MDD may arise due to contributions from ethnicity-specific factors and/or pathoplasticity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. C. Edwards
- Virginia Institute of Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - A. R. Docherty
- Virginia Institute of Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University Neuropsychiatric Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - A. Moscati
- Virginia Institute of Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - T. B. Bigdeli
- Virginia Institute of Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - R. E. Peterson
- Virginia Institute of Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - B. T. Webb
- Virginia Institute of Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - S.-A. Bacanu
- Virginia Institute of Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - J. M. Hettema
- Virginia Institute of Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - J. Flint
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA; David Geffen School of Medicine, Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, UCLA; and Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA; Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - K. S. Kendler
- Virginia Institute of Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Docherty AR, Edwards AC, Yang F, Peterson RE, Sawyers C, Adkins DE, Moore AA, Webb BT, Bacanu SA, Flint J, Kendler KS. Age of onset and family history as indicators of polygenic risk for major depression. Depress Anxiety 2017; 34:446-452. [PMID: 28152564 PMCID: PMC5501985 DOI: 10.1002/da.22607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The extent to which earlier age of onset (AO) is a reflection of increased genetic risk for major depression (MD) is still unknown. Previous biometrical research has provided mixed empirical evidence for the genetic overlap of AO with MD. If AO is demonstrated to be relevant to molecular polygenic risk for MD, incorporation of AO as a phenotype could enhance future genetic studies. METHODS This research estimated the SNP-based heritability of AO in the China, Oxford and VCU Experimental Research on Genetic Epidemiology (CONVERGE) case-control sample (N = 9,854; MD case, n = 4,927). Common single nucleotide polymorphism heritability of MD was also examined across both high and low median-split AO groups, and best linear unbiased predictor (BLUP) scores of polygenic risk, in split-halves, were used to predict AO. Distributions of genetic risk across early and late AO were compared, and presence of self-reported family history (FH) of MD was also examined as a predictor of AO. RESULTS AO was not significantly heritable and polygenic risk derived from the aggregated effects of common genetic variants did not significantly predict AO in any analysis. AO was modestly but significantly lower in cases with a first-degree genetic FH of MD. CONCLUSIONS Findings indicate that AO is associated with greater self-reported genetic risk for MD in cases, yet not associated with common variant polygenic risk for MD. Future studies of early MD may benefit more from the examination of important moderating variables such as early life events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna R. Docherty
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric & Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine,Corresponding author: Anna R. Docherty, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, 1P-132 Biotech One, 800 East Leigh Street, Richmond, VA 23220, USA. Telephone: +1 804 828 8127, fax: +1 804 828 1471,
| | - Alexis C. Edwards
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric & Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine
| | - Fuzhong Yang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
| | - Roseann E. Peterson
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric & Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine
| | - Chelsea Sawyers
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric & Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine
| | - Daniel E. Adkins
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric & Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine
| | - Ashlee A. Moore
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric & Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine
| | - Bradley T. Webb
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric & Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine
| | - Silviu A. Bacanu
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric & Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine
| | - Jonathan Flint
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine
| | - Kenneth S. Kendler
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric & Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Moscati A, Flint J, Kendler K. CLASSIFICATION OF ANXIETY DISORDERS COMORBID WITH MAJOR DEPRESSION: COMMON OR DISTINCT INFLUENCES ON RISK? Depress Anxiety 2016; 33:120-7. [PMID: 26418316 PMCID: PMC4729582 DOI: 10.1002/da.22432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety and depression display frequent comorbidity. Individuals with comorbid disorders also often have more extreme symptomatology than those with single disorders. This correlation between comorbidity and severity poses an interesting question: Are comorbid forms of anxiety and depression essentially just more severe versions of the pure disorders? METHODS In a large major depression (MD) case-control sample of individuals from the China, Oxford and VCU Experimental Research on Genetic Epidemiology project, we examined the patterns of lifetime anxiety comorbidity (including generalized anxiety disorder--GAD, panic disorder, and five phobia subtypes) among MD cases (N = 5,864) in this population. Binary and multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate associations between risk factors and outcomes including MD as well as latent class membership, which were compared using continuation ratios. RESULTS We found a five-class solution to fit best, and each resulting class had a distinct pattern of association with the tested risk factors. The use of continuation ratios suggests that a class characterized by high endorsement of GAD is comparable to a more severely affected "pure MD" group. The other three classes (characterized by agoraphobia, various specific phobias, and by high endorsement of all comorbid anxiety disorders, respectively) appear to differ meaningfully from MD alone. CONCLUSIONS Risk for MD resulting from environmental and psychosocial factors may also predispose individuals to GAD, and less consistently, other anxiety disorders. Presentations of MD with certain phobias display distinguishably different patterns of risk, however, and are therefore likely qualitatively distinct.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. Moscati
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Richmond, VA 23298-0126, United States
| | - J. Flint
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - K.S. Kendler
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Richmond, VA 23298-0126, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Novick D, Montgomery W, Aguado J, Peng X, Haro JM. Impact of anxiety symptoms on outcomes of depression: an observational study in Asian patients. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2016; 12:795-800. [PMID: 27114710 PMCID: PMC4833363 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s90134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the impact of anxiety symptoms on depression outcomes in Asian patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) (n=714). METHODS The 17-item Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD-17), overall severity, somatic symptoms, and quality of life (QOL) (EuroQOL Questionnaire-5 Dimensions [EQ-5D]) were assessed at baseline and 3 months. Anxiety was measured using items 10 and 11 from the HAMD-17. Linear, tobit, and logistic multiple regression models analyzed the impact of anxiety symptoms on outcomes. Baseline anxiety was related to age and the presence of pain symptoms at baseline. RESULTS Regression models showed that a higher level of anxiety was associated with a lower frequency of remission and lower QOL at 3 months. Patients with lower baseline anxiety symptoms had higher remission rates (odds ratio for each point of anxiety symptoms, 0.829 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.723-0.951]). Patients with higher levels of baseline anxiety had a lower QOL at 3 months (a decrease in EQ-5D tariff score for each point of anxiety symptoms, 0.023 [95% CI: 0.045-0.001]). CONCLUSION In conclusion, the presence of anxiety symptoms negatively impacts the outcomes of depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jaume Aguado
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Josep Maria Haro
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Elovainio M, Pulkki-Råback L, Hakulinen C, Ferrie JE, Jokela M, Hintsanen M, Raitakari OT, Keltikangas-Järvinen L. Childhood and adolescence risk factors and development of depressive symptoms: the 32-year prospective Young Finns follow-up study. J Epidemiol Community Health 2015; 69:1109-17. [DOI: 10.1136/jech-2014-205352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
15
|
Meier SM, Petersen L, Mattheisen M, Mors O, Mortensen PB, Laursen TM. Secondary depression in severe anxiety disorders: a population-based cohort study in Denmark. Lancet Psychiatry 2015; 2:515-23. [PMID: 26360447 PMCID: PMC5087327 DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(15)00092-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression and anxiety disorders are highly comorbid conditions and a worldwide disease burden; however, large-scale studies delineating their association are scarce. In this retrospective study, we aimed to assess the effect of severe anxiety disorders on the risk and course of depression. METHODS We did a population-based cohort study with prospectively gathered data in Denmark using data from three Danish population registers: The Danish Civil Registration System, the Danish Psychiatric Central Register, and the Danish National Hospital Registry. We selected the cohort from people born in Denmark between Jan 1, 1955, and Dec 31, 2002, who we followed up from Jan 1, 1994, to Dec 31, 2012. The cohort was restricted to individuals with known parents. First, we investigated the effect of specific anxiety diagnoses on risk of single depressive episodes and recurrent depressive disorder. Second, we investigated the effect of comorbid anxiety on risk of readmission for depression, adjusting for sex, age, calendar year, parental age, place at residence at time of birth, and the interaction of age with sex. FINDINGS We included 3,380,059 individuals in our study cohort. The adjusted incidence rate ratio (IRR) for single depressive episodes was 3·0 (95% CI 2·8-3·1, p<0·0001) and for recurrent depressive disorder was 5·0 (4·8-5·2) in patients with severe anxiety disorders compared with the general population. Compared with control individuals, the offspring of parents with anxiety disorders were more likely to be diagnosed with single depressive episodes (1·9, 1·8-2·0) or recurrent depressive disorder (2·1, 1·9-2·2). Comorbid anxiety increased the readmission rates in both patients with single depressive episodes and patients with recurrent depressive disorder. INTERPRETATION Severe anxiety constitutes a significant risk factor for depression. Focusing on specific anxiety disorders might help to identify individuals at risk of depression, thereby providing new insights for prevention and treatment. FUNDING The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M Meier
- National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus V, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Liselotte Petersen
- National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus V, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Manuel Mattheisen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus C, Denmark; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Ole Mors
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus C, Denmark; Research Department P, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark
| | - Preben B Mortensen
- National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus V, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Thomas M Laursen
- National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus V, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus C, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Smulevich AB, Briko NI, Andryushchenko AV, Romanov DV, Shuliak YA, Brazhnikov АY, Gerasimov AN, Melik-Pashaian AE, Mironova EV, Pushkarev DF. [Comorbidity of depression and nonaffective - schizophrenia spectrum disorders: the clinical-epidemiological study EDIP]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2015; 115:6-19. [PMID: 26978259 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro20151151126-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To explore the association between depression and heterogenic nonaffective symptom complexes in the study EDIP (Epidemiology of Depression and nonaffective Psychiatric disorders). MATERIAL AND METHODS The study consisted of two stages. The first stage (91 patients) aimed to resolve organizational and methodological issues, the second stage was performed in the epidemiological sample of 705 patients. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The heterogeneity (inequivalence and bidirectionality) of associations between depression and heteronomous nonaffective disorders have been identified. The associations are distinguished in three types: 1) affinity (agonism); 2) repulsion (antagonism); 3) lack of selective interaction (inertness) between depression and nonaffective disorders. The results obtained are discussed in a context of two conceptually polar psychopathological models of comorbidity between depression and nonaffective disorders: 1) based on a nosological dichotomy «affective disease - schizophrenia» and 2) denying the abovementioned dichotomy. The first model places depression among disorders of a mild psychiatric register. The second model supposes the integration of depression with syndromes typical for schizophrenia in a common "affect-symptoms" space and considers the increase of depression frequency proportionally to duration and severity of schizophrenia. Our own results have shown that depression is observed not only among disorders of mild psychiatric registers, but also in schizophrenia, though with a significantly lower frequency (as a nonobligatory compound of a syndrome). Thus, depression influence in comorbid delusional, schizophrenic and other severe nonaffective disorders is greatly diminished.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A B Smulevich
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow; Mental Health Research Centre, Moscow
| | - N I Briko
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow
| | | | - D V Romanov
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow; Mental Health Research Centre, Moscow
| | | | | | - A N Gerasimov
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow
| | | | - E V Mironova
- Heratsi Yerevan State Medical University, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - D F Pushkarev
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wu Z, Fang Y. Comorbidity of depressive and anxiety disorders: challenges in diagnosis and assessment. SHANGHAI ARCHIVES OF PSYCHIATRY 2014; 26:227-31. [PMID: 25317009 PMCID: PMC4194005 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-0829.2014.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Summary Comorbid anxiety is common in patients with depressive disorders. It complicates the clinical
presentation of depressive disorders and can contribute to treatment resistance. Clinicians can assess the
degree of overlap between depressive and anxiety symptoms either by measuring the severity of anxiety
symptoms in individuals who meet diagnostic criteria for depression or by determining whether or not an
individual with depression simultaneously meets criteria for an anxiety disorder. However, multiple factors
in the Chinese clinical setting make it difficult to accurately assess patients with comorbid conditions.
The resultant under-diagnosis of comorbid depression and anxiety – the most common type of comorbid
psychiatric condition in China – seriously diminishes the effectiveness of treatments for common mental
disorders in the country. We argue that the widespread use of valid and reliable dimensional assessment
tools in Chinese clinical settings will help improve the diagnosis and treatment of the many individuals
who have concurrent depressive and anxiety symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Wu
- Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiru Fang
- Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Saunders EF, Nazir R, Kamali M, Ryan KA, Evans S, Langenecker S, Gelenberg AJ, McInnis MG. Gender differences, clinical correlates, and longitudinal outcome of bipolar disorder with comorbid migraine. J Clin Psychiatry 2014; 75:512-9. [PMID: 24816075 PMCID: PMC4211932 DOI: 10.4088/jcp.13m08623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Migraine is a common comorbidity of bipolar disorder and is more prevalent in women than men. We hypothesized comorbid migraine would be associated with features of illness and psychosocial risk factors that would differ by gender and impact outcome. METHOD A retrospective analysis was conducted to assess association between self-reported, physician-diagnosed migraine, clinical variables of interest, and mood outcome in subjects with DSM-IV bipolar disorder (N = 412) and healthy controls (N = 157) from the Prechter Longitudinal Study of Bipolar Disorder, 2005-2010. Informed consent was obtained from all participants. RESULTS Migraine was more common in subjects with bipolar disorder (31%) than in healthy controls (6%) and had elevated risk in bipolar disorder women compared to men (OR = 3.5; 95% CI, 2.1-5.8). In men, migraine was associated with bipolar II disorder (OR = 9.9; 95% CI, 2.3-41.9) and mixed symptoms (OR = 3.5; 95% CI, 1.0-11.9). In comparison to absence of migraine, presence of migraine was associated with an earlier age at onset of bipolar disorder by 2 years, more severe depression (β = .13, P = .03), and more frequent depression longitudinally (β = .13, P = .03). Migraine was correlated with childhood emotional abuse (P = .01), sexual abuse (P = 4 × 10⁻³), emotional neglect (P = .01), and high neuroticism (P = 2 × 10⁻³). Protective factors included high extraversion (P = .02) and high family adaptability at the trend level (P = .08). CONCLUSIONS Migraine is a common comorbidity with bipolar disorder and may impact long-term outcome of bipolar disorder, particularly depression. Clinicians should be alert for migraine comorbidity in women and in men with bipolar II disorder. Effective treatment of migraine may impact mood outcome in bipolar disorder as well as headache outcome. Joint pathophysiologic mechanisms between migraine and bipolar disorder may be important pathways for future study of treatments for both disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erika F.H. Saunders
- Department of Psychiatry, Penn State College of Medicine, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA,University of Michigan Department of Psychiatry, Ann Arbor, MI,University of Michigan Depression Center, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Racha Nazir
- Department of Psychiatry, Penn State College of Medicine, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA
| | - Masoud Kamali
- University of Michigan Department of Psychiatry, Ann Arbor, MI,University of Michigan Depression Center, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Kelly A. Ryan
- University of Michigan Department of Psychiatry, Ann Arbor, MI,University of Michigan Depression Center, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Simon Evans
- University of Michigan Department of Psychiatry, Ann Arbor, MI,University of Michigan Depression Center, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Scott Langenecker
- University of Michigan Department of Psychiatry, Ann Arbor, MI,University of Michigan Depression Center, Ann Arbor, MI,Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Alan J. Gelenberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Penn State College of Medicine, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA
| | - Melvin G. McInnis
- University of Michigan Department of Psychiatry, Ann Arbor, MI,University of Michigan Depression Center, Ann Arbor, MI
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Li Y, Aggen S, Shi S, Gao J, Li Y, Tao M, Zhang K, Wang X, Gao C, Yang L, Liu Y, Li K, Shi J, Wang G, Liu L, Zhang J, Du B, Jiang G, Shen J, Zhang Z, Liang W, Sun J, Hu J, Liu T, Wang X, Miao G, Meng H, Li Y, Hu C, Li Y, Huang G, Li G, Ha B, Deng H, Mei Q, Zhong H, Gao S, Sang H, Zhang Y, Fang X, Yu F, Yang D, Liu T, Chen Y, Hong X, Wu W, Chen G, Cai M, Song Y, Pan J, Dong J, Pan R, Zhang W, Shen Z, Liu Z, Gu D, Wang X, Liu X, Zhang Q, Flint J, Kendler KS. The structure of the symptoms of major depression: exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis in depressed Han Chinese women. Psychol Med 2014; 44:1391-1401. [PMID: 23920138 PMCID: PMC3967839 DOI: 10.1017/s003329171300192x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The symptoms of major depression (MD) are clinically diverse. Do they form coherent factors that might clarify the underlying nature of this important psychiatric syndrome? METHOD Symptoms at lifetime worst depressive episode were assessed at structured psychiatric interview in 6008 women of Han Chinese descent, age ⩾30 years with recurrent DSM-IV MD. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatoryfactor analysis (CFA) were performed in Mplus in random split-half samples. RESULTS The preliminary EFA results were consistently supported by the findings from CFA. Analyses of the nine DSM-IV MD symptomatic A criteria revealed two factors loading on: (i) general depressive symptoms; and (ii) guilt/suicidal ideation. Examining 14 disaggregated DSM-IV criteria revealed three factors reflecting: (i) weight/appetite disturbance; (ii) general depressive symptoms; and (iii) sleep disturbance. Using all symptoms (n = 27), we identified five factors that reflected: (i) weight/appetite symptoms; (ii) general retarded depressive symptoms; (iii) atypical vegetative symptoms; (iv) suicidality/hopelessness; and (v) symptoms of agitation and anxiety. CONCLUSIONS MD is a clinically complex syndrome with several underlying correlated symptom dimensions. In addition to a general depressive symptom factor, a complete picture must include factors reflecting typical/atypical vegetative symptoms, cognitive symptoms (hopelessness/suicidal ideation), and an agitated symptom factor characterized by anxiety, guilt, helplessness and irritability. Prior cross-cultural studies, factor analyses of MD in Western populations and empirical findings in this sample showing risk factor profiles similar to those seen in Western populations suggest that our results are likely to be broadly representative of the human depressive syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Li
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK
| | - S. Aggen
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - S. Shi
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai, P.R. China (PRC)
- Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, PRC
| | - J. Gao
- Chinese Traditional Hospital of Zhejiang, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PRC
| | - Y. Li
- No. 1 Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PRC
| | - M. Tao
- Xinhua Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PRC
| | - K. Zhang
- No. 1 Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PRC
| | - X. Wang
- ShengJing Hospital of China Medical University, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning, PRC
| | - C. Gao
- No. 1 Hospital of Medical College of Xian Jiaotong University, Xian, Shaanxi, PRC
| | - L. Yang
- Jilin Brain Hospital, Siping, Jilin, PRC
| | - Y. Liu
- The First Hospital of China Medical University, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning, PRC
| | - K. Li
- Mental Hospital of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PRC
| | - J. Shi
- Xian Mental Health Center, New Qujiang District, Xian, Shaanxi, PRC
| | - G. Wang
- Beijing Anding Hospital of Capital University of Medical Sciences, Deshengmen wai, Xicheng District, Beijing, PRC
| | - L. Liu
- Shandong Mental Health Center, Jinan, Shandong, PRC
| | - J. Zhang
- No. 3 Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PRC
| | - B. Du
- Hebei Mental Health Center, Baoding, Hebei, PRC
| | - G. Jiang
- Chongqing Mental Health Center, Jiangbei District, Chongqing, PRC
| | - J. Shen
- Tianjin Anding Hospital, Hexi District, Tianjin, PRC
| | - Z. Zhang
- No. 4 Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, PRC
| | - W. Liang
- Psychiatric Hospital of Henan Province, Xinxiang, Henan, PRC
| | - J. Sun
- Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PRC
| | - J. Hu
- Harbin Medical University, Nangang District, Haerbin, Heilongjiang, PRC
| | - T. Liu
- Shenzhen Kang Ning Hospital, Luohu District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, PRC
| | - X. Wang
- First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PRC
| | - G. Miao
- Guangzhou Brain Hospital (Guangzhou Psychiatric Hospital), Liwan District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PRC
| | - H. Meng
- No. 1 Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, PRC
| | - Y. Li
- Dalian No. 7 Hospital, Ganjingzi District, Dalian, Liaoning, PRC
| | - C. Hu
- No. 3 Hospital of Heilongjiang Province, Beian, Heilongjiang, PRC
| | - Y. Li
- Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, Hubei, PRC
| | - G. Huang
- Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mianyang, Sichuan, PRC
| | - G. Li
- Mental Health Institute of Jining Medical College, Dai Zhuang, Bei Jiao, Jining, Shandong, PRC
| | - B. Ha
- Liaocheng No. 4 Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, PRC
| | - H. Deng
- Mental Health Center of West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan, PRC
| | - Q. Mei
- Suzhou Guangji Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, PRC
| | - H. Zhong
- Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, Anhui, PRC
| | - S. Gao
- Ningbo Kang Ning Hospital, Zhenhai District, Ningbo, Zhejiang, PRC
| | - H. Sang
- Changchun Mental Hospital, Changchun, Jilin, PRC
| | - Y. Zhang
- No. 2 Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, PRC
| | - X. Fang
- Fuzhou Psychiatric Hospital, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian, PRC
| | - F. Yu
- Harbin No. 1 Special Hospital, Haerbin, Heilongjiang, PRC
| | - D. Yang
- Jining Psychiatric Hospital, North Dai Zhuang, Rencheng District, Jining, Shandong, PRC
| | - T. Liu
- No. 2 Xiangya Hospital of Zhongnan University, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan, PRC
| | - Y. Chen
- Xijing Hospital of No. 4 Military Medical University, Xian, Shaanxi, PRC
| | - X. Hong
- Mental Health Center of Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, PRC
| | - W. Wu
- Tongji University Hospital, Shanghai, PRC
| | - G. Chen
- Huaian No. 3 Hospital, Huaian, Jiangsu, PRC
| | - M. Cai
- Huzhou No. 3 Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang, PRC
| | - Y. Song
- Mudanjiang Psychiatric Hospital of Heilongjiang Province, Xinglong, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang, PRC
| | - J. Pan
- No. 1 Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PRC
| | - J. Dong
- Qingdao Mental Health Center, Shibei District, Qingdao, Shandong, PRC
| | - R. Pan
- Guangxi Longquanshan Hospital, Yufeng District, Liuzhou, PRC
| | - W. Zhang
- Daqing No. 3 Hospital of Heilongjiang Province, Ranghulu District, Daqing, Heilongjiang, PRC
| | - Z. Shen
- Tangshan No. 5 Hospital, Lunan District, Tangshan, Hebei, PRC
| | - Z. Liu
- Anshan Psychiatric Rehabilitation Hospital, Lishan District, Anshan, Liaoning, PRC
| | - D. Gu
- Weihai Mental Health Center, ETDZ, Weihai, Shandong, PRC
| | - X. Wang
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei, PRC
| | - X. Liu
- Tianjin First Center Hospital, Hedong District, Tianjin, PRC
| | - Q. Zhang
- Hainan Anning Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, PRC
| | - J. Flint
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK
| | - K. S. Kendler
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Chen J, Cai Y, Cong E, Liu Y, Gao J, Li Y, Tao M, Zhang K, Wang X, Gao C, Yang L, Li K, Shi J, Wang G, Liu L, Zhang J, Du B, Jiang G, Shen J, Zhang Z, Liang W, Sun J, Hu J, Liu T, Wang X, Miao G, Meng H, Li Y, Hu C, Li Y, Huang G, Li G, Ha B, Deng H, Mei Q, Zhong H, Gao S, Sang H, Zhang Y, Fang X, Yu F, Yang D, Liu T, Chen Y, Hong X, Wu W, Chen G, Cai M, Song Y, Pan J, Dong J, Pan R, Zhang W, Shen Z, Liu Z, Gu D, Wang X, Liu X, Zhang Q, Li Y, Chen Y, Kendler KS, Shi S, Flint J. Childhood sexual abuse and the development of recurrent major depression in Chinese women. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87569. [PMID: 24489940 PMCID: PMC3906190 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our prior study in Han Chinese women has shown that women with a history of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) are at increased risk for developing major depression (MD). Would this relationship be found in our whole data set? METHOD Three levels of CSA (non-genital, genital, and intercourse) were assessed by self-report in two groups of Han Chinese women: 6017 clinically ascertained with recurrent MD and 5983 matched controls. Diagnostic and other risk factor information was assessed at personal interview. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated by logistic regression. RESULTS We confirmed earlier results by replicating prior analyses in 3,950 new recurrent MD cases. There were no significant differences between the two data sets. Any form of CSA was significantly associated with recurrent MD (OR 4.06, 95% confidence interval (CI) [3.19-5.24]). This association strengthened with increasing CSA severity: non-genital (OR 2.21, 95% CI 1.58-3.15), genital (OR 5.24, 95% CI 3.52-8.15) and intercourse (OR 10.65, 95% CI 5.56-23.71). Among the depressed women, those with CSA had an earlier age of onset, longer depressive episodes. Recurrent MD patients those with CSA had an increased risk for dysthymia (OR 1.60, 95%CI 1.11-2.27) and phobia (OR 1.41, 95%CI 1.09-1.80). Any form of CSA was significantly associated with suicidal ideation or attempt (OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.20-1.89) and feelings of worthlessness or guilt (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.02-2.02). Intercourse (OR 3.47, 95%CI 1.66-8.22), use of force and threats (OR 1.95, 95%CI 1.05-3.82) and how strongly the victims were affected at the time (OR 1.39, 95%CI 1.20-1.64) were significantly associated with recurrent MD. CONCLUSIONS In Chinese women CSA is strongly associated with recurrent MD and this association increases with greater severity of CSA. Depressed women with CSA have some specific clinical traits. Some features of CSA were associated with greater likelihood of developing recurrent MD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiyun Cai
- Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Enzhao Cong
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Liu
- The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingfang Gao
- Chinese Traditional Hospital of Zhejiang, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Youhui Li
- No.1 Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Tao
- Xinhua Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Kerang Zhang
- No.1 Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xumei Wang
- ShengJing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengge Gao
- No. 1 Hospital of Medical College of Xian Jiaotong University, Xian, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Yang
- Jilin Brain Hospital, Siping, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Kan Li
- Mental Hospital of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianguo Shi
- Xian Mental Health Center, Xian, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Wang
- Beijing Anding Hospital of Capital University of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lanfen Liu
- Shandong Mental Health Center, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinbei Zhang
- No. 3 Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Du
- Hebei Mental Health Center, Baoding, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqing Jiang
- Chongqing Mental Health Center, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Shen
- Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- No.4 Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Liang
- Psychiatric Hospital of Henan Province, Xinxiang, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Sun
- Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Hu
- Harbin Medical University, Haerbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiebang Liu
- Shenzhen Kang Ning Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueyi Wang
- First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Guodong Miao
- Guangzhou Brain Hospital (Guangzhou Psychiatric Hospital), Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaqing Meng
- No.1 Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Li
- Dalian No.7 Hospital, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunmei Hu
- No.3 Hospital of Heilongjiang Province, Beian, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Li
- Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoping Huang
- Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mianyang, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Gongying Li
- Mental Health Institute of Jining Medical College, Jining, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Baowei Ha
- Liaocheng No.4 Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Deng
- Mental Health Center of West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiyi Mei
- Suzhou Guangji Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhong
- Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Shugui Gao
- Ningbo Kang Ning Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Sang
- Changchun Mental Hospital, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yutang Zhang
- No.2 Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Fang
- Fuzhou Psychiatric Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengyu Yu
- Harbin No.1 Special Hospital, Haerbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Donglin Yang
- Jining Psychiatric Hospital, Jining, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Tieqiao Liu
- No.2 Xiangya Hospital of Zhongnan University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunchun Chen
- Xijing Hospital of No.4 Military Medical University, Xian, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Hong
- Mental Health Center of Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyuan Wu
- Tongji University Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Guibing Chen
- Huaian No.3 Hospital, Huaian, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Cai
- Huzhou No.3 Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Song
- Mudanjiang Psychiatric Hospital of Heilongjiang Province, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiyang Pan
- No.1 Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jicheng Dong
- Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Runde Pan
- Guangxi Longquanshan Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Daqing No.3 Hospital of Heilongjiang Province, Daqing, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenming Shen
- Tangshan No.5 Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengrong Liu
- Anshan Psychiatric Rehabilitation Hospital, Anshan, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Danhua Gu
- Weihai Mental Health Center, Weihai, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojuan Liu
- Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiwen Zhang
- Hainan Anning Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihan Li
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yiping Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kenneth S. Kendler
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Shenxun Shi
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jonathan Flint
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Boyd RC, Tervo-Clemmens B. Exploring Maternal and Child Effects of Comorbid Anxiety Disorders among African American Mothers with Depression. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 2. [PMID: 24040577 DOI: 10.4172/2167-1044.1000129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Comorbid depression and anxiety disorders are commonly experienced in mothers. Both maternal depression and anxiety as well as their comorbidity has been shown to increase psychopathology in children, however, there is limited research focusing on African American families. The aim of this study is to examine whether comorbid anxiety disorders are associated with maternal depression severity, kinship support, and child behavioral problems in a sample of African American mothers with depression. African American mothers (n = 77) with a past year diagnosis of a depressive disorder and a child between the ages of ages 8-14 were administered a clinician interview and measures of maternal depression severity, kinship support, and child behavior problems (internalizing and externalizing) in a cross-sectional design. Results showed that more than half (58%) of the mothers had a comorbid anxiety disorder and a third had Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Regression analyses showed that comorbid PTSD and Social Phobia were positively associated with maternal depression severity. Maternal comorbid Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) was associated with child internalizing symptoms. The findings are consistent with other research demonstrating negative outcomes with maternal comorbidity of depression and anxiety, however, there is limited research focused on maternal depression and OCD or PTSD. The study suggests that it is important to consider comorbid anxiety and cultural issues when conceptualizing, studying, and treating mothers with depression and their families.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rhonda C Boyd
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Saunders EFH, Fitzgerald KD, Zhang P, McInnis MG. Clinical features of bipolar disorder comorbid with anxiety disorders differ between men and women. Depress Anxiety 2012; 29:739-46. [PMID: 22461133 PMCID: PMC3650482 DOI: 10.1002/da.21932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Revised: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety disorders are commonly comorbid with bipolar disorder (BP) and may worsen course of illness, but differential impact of specific anxiety disorders in men and women remains unknown. METHODS We measured the impact of comorbid panic disorder (PD), social phobia, specific phobia, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in 460 women and 276 men with Bipolar I Disorder (BPI) or schizoaffective disorder, bipolar type from the National Institute of Mental Health Bipolar Genetics Initiative. We compared clinical characteristics in BP with and without each anxiety disorder in men and women separately correcting for family relatedness. RESULTS Comorbid PD, OCD, and specific phobia were more common in women with BP than men. Comorbid social phobia correlated with increased risk of alcohol abuse in BP women, but not men. Women with comorbid PD attended fewer years of school. Comorbidity with OCD was associated with earlier age at the onset of BP for both genders. Comorbid PD, OCD, and specific phobia were associated with more antidepressant trials in BP, across both genders, compared to BP patients without these anxiety disorders. CONCLUSION In BP, comorbid anxiety disorders are associated with increased risk for functional impairment, and women had differently associated risks than men. Clinicians should be aware of an increased risk for comorbid PD, OCD, and specific phobia in women with BP, and an increased risk of alcohol abuse in women with BD and comorbid social phobia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erika F. H. Saunders
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania
,Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
,Depression Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
,Correspondence to: Erika F. H. Saunders, Department of Psychiatry, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Penn State College of Medicine, HP16 22 Northeast Drive, Suite 205, Hershey, PA 17033.
| | - Kate D. Fitzgerald
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
,Depression Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
,Department of Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Melvin G. McInnis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
,Depression Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| |
Collapse
|