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Crisp CM, Mooney E, Howlader M, Stoddard J, Penton-Voak I. Chronotype and emotion processing: a pilot study testing timing of online cognitive bias modification training. BMJ MENTAL HEALTH 2024; 27:1-7. [PMID: 38960412 PMCID: PMC11227755 DOI: 10.1136/bmjment-2024-301045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circadian rhythms influence cognitive performance which peaks in the morning for early chronotypes and evening for late chronotypes. It is unknown whether cognitive interventions are susceptible to such synchrony effects and could be optimised at certain times-of-day. OBJECTIVE A pilot study testing whether the effectiveness of cognitive bias modification (CBM) for facial emotion processing was improved when delivered at a time-of-day that was synchronised to chronotype. METHODS 173 healthy young adults (aged 18-25) with an early or late chronotype completed one online session of CBM training in either the morning (06:00 hours to 10:00 hours) or evening (18:00 hours to 22:00 hours). FINDINGS Moderate evidence that participants learnt better (higher post-training balance point) when they completed CBM training in the synchronous (evening for late chronotypes, morning for early chronotypes) compared with asynchronous (morning for late chronotypes, evening for early chronotypes) condition, controlling for pre-training balance point, sleep quality and negative affect. There was also a group×condition interaction where late chronotypes learnt faster and more effectively in synchronous versus asynchronous conditions. CONCLUSIONS Preliminary evidence that synchrony effects apply to this psychological intervention. Tailoring the delivery timing of CBM training to chronotype may optimise its effectiveness. This may be particularly important for late chronotypes who were less able to adapt to non-optimal times-of-day, possibly because they experience more social jetlag. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS To consider delivery timing of CBM training when administering to early and late chronotypes. This may generalise to other psychological interventions and be relevant for online interventions where the timing can be flexible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte M Crisp
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust UK, UK
| | - Emily Mooney
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Mohini Howlader
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Joel Stoddard
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Ian Penton-Voak
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust UK, UK
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Bi T, Luo W, Wu J, Shao B, Tan Q, Kou H. Effect of facial emotion recognition learning transfers across emotions. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1310101. [PMID: 38312392 PMCID: PMC10834736 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1310101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Perceptual learning of facial expression is shown specific to the train expression, indicating separate encoding of the emotional contents in different expressions. However, little is known about the specificity of emotional recognition training with the visual search paradigm and the sensitivity of learning to near-threshold stimuli. Methods In the present study, we adopted a visual search paradigm to measure the recognition of facial expressions. In Experiment 1 (Exp1), Experiment 2 (Exp2), and Experiment 3 (Exp3), subjects were trained for 8 days to search for a target expression in an array of faces presented for 950 ms, 350 ms, and 50 ms, respectively. In Experiment 4 (Exp4), we trained subjects to search for a target of a triangle, and tested them with the task of facial expression search. Before and after the training, subjects were tested on the trained and untrained facial expressions which were presented for 950 ms, 650 ms, 350 ms, or 50 ms. Results The results showed that training led to large improvements in the recognition of facial emotions only if the faces were presented long enough (Exp1: 85.89%; Exp2: 46.05%). Furthermore, the training effect could transfer to the untrained expression. However, when the faces were presented briefly (Exp3), the training effect was small (6.38%). In Exp4, the results indicated that the training effect could not transfer across categories. Discussion Our findings revealed cross-emotion transfer for facial expression recognition training in a visual search task. In addition, learning hardly affects the recognition of near-threshold expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiyong Bi
- Research Center of Humanities and Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Wei Luo
- The Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Wu
- Research Center of Humanities and Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Boyao Shao
- Research Center of Humanities and Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Qingli Tan
- Research Center of Humanities and Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Hui Kou
- Research Center of Humanities and Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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Solomonov N, Victoria LW, Lyons K, Phan DK, Alexopoulos GS, Gunning FM, Flückiger C. Social reward processing in depressed and healthy individuals across the lifespan: A systematic review and a preliminary coordinate-based meta-analysis of fMRI studies. Behav Brain Res 2023; 454:114632. [PMID: 37598904 PMCID: PMC10557626 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social rewards (e.g., social feedback, praise, and social interactions) are fundamental to social learning and relationships across the life span. Exposure to social rewards is linked to activation in key brain regions, that are impaired in major depression. This is the first summary of neuroimaging literature on social reward processing in depressed and healthy individuals. METHOD We screened 409 studies and identified 25 investigating task-based fMRI activation during exposure to social stimuli in depressed and healthy populations across the lifespan. We conducted a systematic review followed by an Activation Likelihood Estimation (ALE) analysis of three main contrasts: a) positive social feedback vs. neutral stimuli; b) negative social feedback vs. neutral stimuli; c) positive vs. negative social feedback. We also compared activation patterns in depressed versus healthy controls. RESULTS Systematic review revealed that social rewards elicit increased activation in subcortical reward regions (NAcc, amygdala, ventral striatum, thalamus) in healthy and depressed individuals; and decreased activation in prefrontal reward regions (medial prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex) among depressed persons. Our meta-analysis showed, in both depressed and healthy individuals, increased cluster activation of the putamen and caudate in response to negative social stimuli vs. positive stimuli. We also found increased cluster activation in the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and the medial frontal gyrus (MFG) in healthy controls vs. depressed individuals, in response to negative social stimuli. CONCLUSIONS Processing of social stimuli elicits activation of key brain regions involved in affective and social information processing. Interventions for depression can increase social reward responsivity to improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nili Solomonov
- Weill Cornell Institute of Geriatric Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, White Plains, NY, USA.
| | - Lindsay W Victoria
- Weill Cornell Institute of Geriatric Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, White Plains, NY, USA
| | - Krystalle Lyons
- Weill Cornell Institute of Geriatric Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, White Plains, NY, USA
| | - Dustin K Phan
- Weill Cornell Institute of Geriatric Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, White Plains, NY, USA; University of Kassel, Germany
| | - George S Alexopoulos
- Weill Cornell Institute of Geriatric Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, White Plains, NY, USA
| | - Faith M Gunning
- Weill Cornell Institute of Geriatric Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, White Plains, NY, USA
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Reed ZE, Suddell S, Eastwood A, Thomas L, Dwyer I, Penton-Voak IS, Jarrold C, Munafò MR, Attwood AS. Assessing the effectiveness of online emotion recognition training in healthy volunteers. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 10:230372. [PMID: 37771966 PMCID: PMC10523077 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.230372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Facial emotion recognition (ER) difficulties are associated with mental health and neurodevelopmental conditions, including autism and poorer social functioning. ER interventions may therefore have clinical potential. We investigated the efficacy of ER training (ERT). We conducted three online studies with healthy volunteers completing one ERT session. Studies 1 and 2 included active and control/sham training groups and tested the efficacy of (i) four-emotion ERT (angry, happy, sad and scared) (n = 101), and (ii) six-emotion ERT (adding disgusted and surprised) (n = 109). Study 3 tested generalizability of ERT to non-trained stimuli with groups trained and tested on the same stimuli, or different stimuli (n = 120). Training effects on total correct hits were estimated using linear mixed effects models. We did not observe clear evidence of improvement in study 1 but note the effect was in the direction of improvement (b = 0.02, 95% confidence interval (CI) = -0.02 to 0.07). Study 2 indicated greater total hits following training (b = 0.07, 95% CI = 0.03-0.12). Study 3 demonstrated similar improvement across groups (b = -0.01, 95% CI = -0.05 to 0.02). Our results indicate improved ER (as measured by our task), which generalizes to different facial stimulus sets. Future studies should further explore generalizability, longer-term effects and ERT in populations with known ER difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe E. Reed
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1QU, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1QU, UK
| | - Steph Suddell
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1QU, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1QU, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Andy Eastwood
- Psychology, Department of Social Sciences, UWE, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK
| | - Lilian Thomas
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1QU, UK
| | - Imogen Dwyer
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1QU, UK
| | - Ian S. Penton-Voak
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1QU, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | | | - Marcus R. Munafò
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1QU, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1QU, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Angela S. Attwood
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1QU, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1QU, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
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Xia HS, Li YX, Zhang QY, Zhong DL, Liu XB, Gou XY, Fan J, Zhao J, Zhang Y, Ai SC, Huang JX, Li J, Jin RJ. Attention bias modification for depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1098610. [PMID: 36970284 PMCID: PMC10036757 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1098610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundDepression is a mental health disorder characterized by affective, somatic, and cognitive symptoms. Attention bias modification (ABM) has been widely used to treat depression. However, the results seem inconsistent. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the efficacy of ABM for depression and to explore the optimal protocol of ABM.MethodsSeven databases were systematically searched from their inceptions to 5 October 2022 to include randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of ABM for depression. Two independent reviewers selected the eligible articles, extracted data, and evaluated the risk of bias using version 2 of the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool (ROB 2.0) for randomized trials. The primary outcome was the evaluation of depressive symptoms using widely accepted and validated scales. The secondary outcomes included rumination and attentional control. Meta-analysis was conducted by using RevMan (version 5.4) and Stata (version 12.0). Subgroup analyses and meta-regressions were performed to identify the source of heterogeneity. The certainty of the evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE).ResultsA total of 19 trials involving 20 datasets (1,262 participants) were included. The overall risk of bias in one study was rated as low risk of bias, three studies were considered as high, and the remaining studies were some concerns. Compared with attention control training (ACT), ABM had a greater effect in the improvement of depression (SMD = −0.48, 95% CI −0.80 to −0.17, I2 = 82%) and rumination (MD = −3.46, 95% CI −6.06 to −0.87, I2 = 0%). No significant differences were observed in the attentional control outcome between ABM and ACT (MD = 3.07, 95% CI −0.52 to 6.65, I2 = 0%). Subgroup analysis demonstrated that adults exhibited a greater decrease in depression scores than adolescents. ABM using the dot-probe task, training target stimulus presented by face, and training directions by left–right were associated with better antidepressant effects. ABM training delivered in the laboratory tended to yield a better effect than those conducted at home. Sensitivity analysis indicated that the results were robust. The certainty of the evidence for all outcomes was low or very low, and publication bias may exist.ConclusionDue to high heterogeneity and limited studies, not enough current evidence supported that ABM could be an effective intervention to relieve depressive symptoms. More rigorous RCTs are required to verify the benefits and to explore the optimal protocol of ABM training for depression.Systematic Review Registration: [PROSPERO], identifier [No. CRD42021279163].
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-sha Xia
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu-xi Li
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing-yun Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Third Hospital of Mianyang, Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mianyang, China
| | - Dong-ling Zhong
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-bo Liu
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin-yun Gou
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Fan
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuang-chun Ai
- Department of rehabilitation, Mianyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Mianyang, China
| | - Jia-xi Huang
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Jia-xi Huang, ; Juan Li, ; Rong-jiang Jin,
| | - Juan Li
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Jia-xi Huang, ; Juan Li, ; Rong-jiang Jin,
| | - Rong-jiang Jin
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Jia-xi Huang, ; Juan Li, ; Rong-jiang Jin,
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Suddell S, Müller-Glodde M, Lumsden J, Looi CY, Granger K, Barnett JH, Robinson OJ, Munafò MR, Penton-Voak IS. Emotional bias training as a treatment for anxiety and depression: evidence from experimental medicine studies in healthy and medicated samples. Psychol Med 2023; 53:696-705. [PMID: 34057058 PMCID: PMC9975995 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721002014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety and depression are leading causes of disability worldwide, yet individuals are often unable to access appropriate treatment. There is a need to develop effective interventions that can be delivered remotely. Previous research has suggested that emotional processing biases are a potential target for intervention, and these may be altered through brief training programs. METHODS We report two experimental medicine studies of emotional bias training in two samples: individuals from the general population (n = 522) and individuals currently taking antidepressants to treat anxiety or depression (n = 212). Participants, recruited online, completed four sessions of EBT from their own home. Mental health and cognitive functioning outcomes were assessed at baseline, immediately post-training, and at 2-week follow-up. RESULTS In both studies, our intervention successfully trained participants to perceive ambiguous social information more positively. This persisted at a 2-week follow-up. There was no clear evidence that this change in emotional processing transferred to improvements in symptoms in the primary analyses. However, in both studies, there was weak evidence for improved quality of life following EBT amongst individuals with more depressive symptoms at baseline. No clear evidence of transfer effects was observed for self-reported daily stress, anhedonia or depressive symptoms. Exploratory analyses suggested that younger participants reported greater treatment gains. CONCLUSIONS These studies demonstrate the effectiveness of delivering a multi-session online training program to promote lasting cognitive changes. Given the inconsistent evidence for transfer effects, EBT requires further development before it can be considered as a treatment for anxiety and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steph Suddell
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, 12a Priory Road, Bristol BS8 1TU, UK
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Maren Müller-Glodde
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, 12a Priory Road, Bristol BS8 1TU, UK
| | - Jim Lumsden
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, 12a Priory Road, Bristol BS8 1TU, UK
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Chung Yen Looi
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, 12a Priory Road, Bristol BS8 1TU, UK
- Cambridge Cognition Ltd., Tunbridge Court, Tunbridge Lane, Bottisham, Cambridge CB25 9TU, UK
| | - Kiri Granger
- Cambridge Cognition Ltd., Tunbridge Court, Tunbridge Lane, Bottisham, Cambridge CB25 9TU, UK
| | - Jennifer H. Barnett
- Cambridge Cognition Ltd., Tunbridge Court, Tunbridge Lane, Bottisham, Cambridge CB25 9TU, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Herchel Smith Building, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK
| | - Oliver J. Robinson
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, Alexandra House, 17-19 Queen Square, Bloomsbury, London WC1N 3AR, UK
| | - Marcus R. Munafò
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, 12a Priory Road, Bristol BS8 1TU, UK
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Ian S. Penton-Voak
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, 12a Priory Road, Bristol BS8 1TU, UK
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
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Li F, Li X, Kou H. Emotional Recognition Training Enhances Attention to Emotional Stimuli Among Male Juvenile Delinquents. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:575-586. [PMID: 36883045 PMCID: PMC9985883 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s403512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Juvenile delinquents have deficits in emotional recognition that might play a critical role in the development of aggression. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of emotional recognition training and its consequences on emotional attention and aggression. Methods Seventy-three male juvenile delinquents were randomly assigned to two groups. One group was the modification group, which received eight days of training on an emotional recognition task. The purpose of the training was to modify interpretative biases in emotion recognition to encourage the perception of happiness over anger in ambiguous expressions. The other group was the waitlist group, which did not perform a task and continued with their usual programme. Before and after the training, participants completed the aggression questionnaire (AQ) and two behavioural tasks, including the emotional recognition task and a visual search task with happy and angry faces as targets. Results The modification group recognized more faces as happy after emotional recognition training than the waitlist group. Furthermore, the hostility in the modification group decreased significantly. Importantly, emotional recognition training further affected attention to emotional faces as participants responded faster in searching for happy and angry faces after training. Conclusion Emotional recognition training could modify juvenile delinquents' emotional recognition, enhance their visual attention to emotional faces and reduce hostility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangmin Li
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Li
- Research Center of Humanities and Medicine in School of Management, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Kou
- Research Center of Humanities and Medicine in School of Management, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
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Li W, Wang C, Lan X, Fu L, Zhang F, Ye Y, Liu H, Zhou Y, Ning Y. Resting-state functional connectivity of the amygdala in major depressive disorder with suicidal ideation. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 153:189-196. [PMID: 35839660 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Suicide is a common issue among major depressive disorder (MDD) patients and suicidal ideation (SI) is the first step toward it. There are no definitive objective biomarkers of SI relative to MDD. In this study, a seed-based correlation analysis was performed among 36 MDD patients with SI, 66 MDD patients without SI (NSI), and 57 healthy controls (HCs) using amygdala resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC). Furthermore, the correlation between amygdala RSFC and clinical features was examined in the SI group. When compared to the NSI group, SI group exhibited increased RSFC between the left amygdala seed and left medial superior frontal gyrus (SFGmed) as well as left middle frontal gyrus (MFG). In turn, a decreased RSFC was observed between the left amygdala seed and the following brain regions including the left inferior parietal lobule (IPL), right precentral gyrus (PrCG), and left superior parietal lobule (SPL) in SI group compared to NSI group. Moreover, the SI group exhibited increased RSFC of the right amygdala with left middle temporal gyrus (MTG); In addition, the RSFC of the left amygdala with left MFG was negatively associated with learning and memory (VSM), speed of processing (SOP). The RSFC of the amygdala is distinct between MDD patients with SI and without SI. Our findings reveal the neurobiological characteristics of MDD with respect to SI and provide new clues regarding vulnerability to mental illness. It is necessary to carry out repeated and more longitudinal researches using multimodal approaches on SI in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weicheng Li
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Metal Disorders, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengyu Wang
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Metal Disorders, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Lan
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Metal Disorders, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Fu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Metal Disorders, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Metal Disorders, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanxiang Ye
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Metal Disorders, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Metal Disorders, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanling Zhou
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Metal Disorders, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yuping Ning
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Metal Disorders, Guangzhou, China.
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Attention and interpretation cognitive bias change: A systematic review and meta-analysis of bias modification paradigms. Behav Res Ther 2022; 157:104180. [PMID: 36037642 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2022.104180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis examines the effect of Cognitive Bias Modification for attention (CBM-A) and interpretation (CBM-I) on reducing the targeted biases and investigates moderators of each approach. PsycINFO, PsychArticles, and PubMED databases were searched for randomized-controlled studies published before March 2020 with pre- and post-CBM cognitive bias outcome measures, resulting in 91 CBM-A (n = 5914 individuals) and 70 CBM-I samples (n = 4802 individuals). Random-effects models and Hedge's g calculation showed significant medium overall effects of bias reduction with moderate to high heterogeneity (CBM-A g = 0.49 [0.36, 0.64], I2 = 85.19%; CBM-I g = 0.58 [0.48, 0.68], I2 = 70.92%). Effect sizes did not differ between approaches and remained significant after trim-and-fill adjustment for possible publication bias. Moderator variables were investigated with meta-regression and subgroup analyses. Participant age, symptom type, control condition and number of trials moderated CBM-A; student and clinical status moderated CBM-I effect size. Results support attention and interpretation modification in controlled laboratory and variable (online) training settings for non-clinical and clinical samples across various symptom types (anxiety, depression, substance use, eating disorders). Further empirical evidence is necessary to determine optimal sample and methodological combinations most strongly associated with adaptive behavioral outcomes.
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Huang ZJ, Li FF, Zhang YT, Li X. Interaction between working memory load and the ability to resist interference from negative distractors in dysphoria. Psych J 2022; 11:285-295. [PMID: 35068070 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Although the relationship between emotional working memory (WM) and depressive symptoms has been well established in clinical samples, research in the subclinical population has produced mixed results. The present study tested the effect of WM load on control of interference from emotional (positive, negative, neutral) distractors in dysphoria. Dysphoric (n = 32) and non-dysphoric (n = 35) university students were administered the emotional 2-back (lower WM load) and 3-back (higher WM load) tasks. Results showed that resisting negative distractors was more difficult for the dysphoric group than the non-dysphoric group, but only in the 3-back task. The results demonstrate that dysphoria is associated with greater interference from negative distractors under high WM load. We conclude that both WM load and emotional valence have an effect on WM performance in dysphoria, and the poor ability to resist interference from negative distractors in WM might be a key cognitive vulnerability factor for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Jing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior Central China Normal University (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Human Development and Mental Health Key Laboratory (Central China Normal University), School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fan-Fan Li
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior Central China Normal University (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Human Development and Mental Health Key Laboratory (Central China Normal University), School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu-Ting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior Central China Normal University (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Human Development and Mental Health Key Laboratory (Central China Normal University), School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xu Li
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior Central China Normal University (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Human Development and Mental Health Key Laboratory (Central China Normal University), School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
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11
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Reed ZE, Mahedy L, Jackson A, Davey Smith G, Penton‐Voak I, Attwood AS, Munafò MR. Examining the bidirectional association between emotion recognition and social autistic traits using observational and genetic analyses. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2021; 62:1330-1338. [PMID: 33655554 PMCID: PMC8554526 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is mixed evidence for an association between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and emotion recognition deficits. We sought to assess the bidirectionality of this association using phenotypic and genetic data in a large community sample. METHODS Analyses were conducted in three stages. First, we examined the bidirectional association between social autistic traits at age 8 years and emotion recognition task (ERT) responses at age 24 years (Study 1; N = 3,562); and between Diagnostic Analysis of Non-Verbal Accuracy (DANVA) emotion recognition responses at age 8 years and social autistic traits at age 10 years (Study 2; N = 9,071). Next, we used genetic analyses (Study 3) to examine the association between polygenic risk scores for ASD and outcomes for the ERT and DANVA. The genetic correlation between ASD and ERT responses at age 24 was also estimated. Analyses were conducted in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. RESULTS Social autistic traits at age 8 years were negatively associated with later total correct responses on ERT in Study 1 (b = -0.18; 95% CI: -0.27 to -0.09). We also found evidence of an association in Study 2 (b = -0.04; 95% CI: -0.05 to -0.03). We found the opposite association, that is positive, between the ASD polygenic risk score and ERT (b = 0.40; 95% CI: 0.10 to 0.70); however, this association varied across different p-value thresholds and would not survive multiple testing, so should be interpreted with caution. We did not find evidence of a genetic correlation between ASD and ERT. CONCLUSION We found an observational association between poorer emotion recognition and increased social autistic traits. Our genetic analyses may suggest a shared genetic aetiology between these or a potential causal pathway; however, future research would benefit from using better powered GWAS to examine this further. Our results may inform interventions targeting emotion recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe E. Reed
- School of Psychological ScienceUniversity of BristolBristolUK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology UnitUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Liam Mahedy
- School of Psychological ScienceUniversity of BristolBristolUK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology UnitUniversity of BristolBristolUK
- National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research CentreUniversity Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of BristolBristolUK
| | - Abigail Jackson
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health SciencesCardiff Metropolitan UniversityCardiffUK
| | | | - Ian Penton‐Voak
- School of Psychological ScienceUniversity of BristolBristolUK
- National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research CentreUniversity Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of BristolBristolUK
| | - Angela S. Attwood
- School of Psychological ScienceUniversity of BristolBristolUK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology UnitUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Marcus R. Munafò
- School of Psychological ScienceUniversity of BristolBristolUK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology UnitUniversity of BristolBristolUK
- National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research CentreUniversity Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of BristolBristolUK
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12
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Van Meter A, Stoddard J, Penton-Voak I, Munafò MR. Interpretation bias training for bipolar disorder: A randomized controlled trial. J Affect Disord 2021; 282:876-884. [PMID: 33601731 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.12.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder (BD) is associated with emotion interpretation biases that can exacerbate depressed mood. Interpretation bias training (IBT) may help; according to the "virtuous cycle" hypothesis, interpreting others' emotions as positive can lead to interactions that improve mood. Our goals were to determine whether IBT can shift emotion interpretation biases and demonstrate clinical benefits (lower depressed mood, improved social function) in people with BD. METHOD Young adults with BD were recruited for three sessions of computer-based IBT. Active IBT targets negative emotion bias by training judgments of ambiguous face emotions towards happy judgments. Participants were randomized to active or sham IBT. Participants reported on mood and functioning at baseline, intervention end (week two), and week 10. RESULTS Fifty participants (average age 22, 72% female) enrolled, 38 completed the week 10 follow-up. IBT shifted emotion interpretations (Hedges g = 1.63). There was a group-by-time effect (B = -13.88, p < .0001) on self-reported depression; the IBT group had a larger decrease in depressed mood. The IBT group also had a larger increase in perceived familial support (B = 3.88, p < .0001). Baseline learning rate (i.e., how quickly emotion judgments were updated) was associated with reduced clinician- (B = -54.70, p < 0.001) and self-reported depression (B = -58.20, p = 0.009). CONCLUSION Our results converge with prior work demonstrating that IBT may reduce depressed mood. Additionally, our results provide support for role of operant conditioning in the treatment of depression. People with BD spend more time depressed than manic; IBT, an easily disseminated intervention, could augment traditional forms of treatment without significant expense or side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Van Meter
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Institute of Behavioral Science; The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Department of Psychiatry Research; Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Glen Oaks, New York.
| | - Joel Stoddard
- Pediatric Mental Health Institute, Children's Hospital Colorado, Department of Psychiatry & Neuroscience Program, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Ian Penton-Voak
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Marcus R Munafò
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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13
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Gray V, Douglas KM, Porter RJ. Emotion processing in depression and anxiety disorders in older adults: systematic review. BJPsych Open 2020; 7:e7. [PMID: 33267933 PMCID: PMC7791559 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2020.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emotional cognition and effective interpretation of affective information is an important factor in social interactions and everyday functioning, and difficulties in these areas may contribute to aetiology and maintenance of mental health conditions. In younger people with depression and anxiety, research suggests significant alterations in behavioural and brain activation aspects of emotion processing, with a tendency to appraise neutral stimuli as negative and attend preferentially to negative stimuli. However, in ageing, research suggests that emotion processing becomes subject to a 'positivity effect', whereby older people attend more to positive than negative stimuli. AIMS This review examines data from studies of emotion processing in Late-Life Depression and Late-Life Anxiety to attempt to understand the significance of emotion processing variations in these conditions, and their interaction with changes in emotion processing that occur with ageing. METHOD We conducted a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines. Articles that used an emotion-based processing task, examined older persons with depression or an anxiety disorder and included a healthy control group were included. RESULTS In Late-Life Depression, there is little consistent behavioural evidence of impaired emotion processing, but there is evidence of altered brain circuitry during these processes. In Late-Life Anxiety and Post-Traumatic Stress disorder, there is evidence of interference with processing of negative or threat-related words. CONCLUSIONS How these findings fit with the positivity bias of ageing is not clear. Future research is required in larger groups, further examining the interaction between illness and age and the significance of age at disease onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Gray
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Katie M Douglas
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Richard J Porter
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago; and Canterbury District Health Board, Christchurch, New Zealand
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14
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Assari S, Akhlaghipour G, Saqib M, Boyce S, Bazargan M. Prefrontal Cortex Response to Threat: Race by Age Variation in 9-10 Year Old Children. JOURNAL OF MENTAL HEALTH & CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 4:1-12. [PMID: 33241232 DOI: 10.29245/2578-2959/2020/4.1209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considerable research has suggested that race and age are two major determinants of brain development, including but not limited to development of the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Minorities' Diminished Returns (MDRs), however, suggests that race (as a proxy of racism) may interact with various determinants of human and brain development. Minimal knowledge, however, exists on whether age and race also interact on shaping PFC response to threat among American children. PURPOSE Using data from a task-based functional brain imaging study and considering race as a sociological rather than a biological construct, we investigated combined effects of race and age on prefrontal cortical (PFC) response to threat. We explored racial heterogeneities in the association between age and PFC response to threat by comparing Black and White children. METHODS This study used the task-based functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) data from the Adolescents Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study, a national, landmark, multi-center brain imaging investigation of 9-10 years old children in the US. The primary outcomes were mean beta weights of n-back runs measuring PFC response to threating versus neutral face contrast in the following regions of interest (ROIs): left hemisphere-lateral orbito-frontal, left hemisphere -superior-frontal, right hemisphere -caudal middle frontal, and right hemisphere -superior frontal cortex. The independent variable was age. Covariates were sex, ethnicity, family socioeconomic status, and neighborhood socioeconomic status. Race was the focal moderator. To analyze the data, we used linear regression models without and with interactions and SES as covariates. RESULTS We included 5,066 9-10 years old children. Age and race did not show direct effects on PFC response to threatening relative to neutral faces. While ethnicity, sex, and socioeconomic status were controlled, age and race showed a systematic interaction on PFC response to threatening relative to neutral faces. CONCLUSIONS For American children, race and age do not have direct effects but multiplicative effects on PFC response to threat. The results may be reflective of social inequalities in how Black and White children are socialized and developed. The results are important given the role of the PFC in regulating the limbic system response to threat. Coordinated work of the limbic system and PFC is a core element of children's behavioral and emotional development. Future research is needed on how social stratification and racism shape emotion processing and regulation of American children in response to threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shervin Assari
- Department of Family Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Urban Public Health, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Mohammed Saqib
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shanika Boyce
- Department of Pediatrics, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mohsen Bazargan
- Department of Family Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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