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Drusko A, Renz M, Schmidt H, Rosin M, Simon J, Beiner E, Charalambides M, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Treede RD, Tost H, Tesarz J. Measuring interpersonal trauma: Development and validation of the German version of the victimization experience schedule (VES). J Psychosom Res 2024; 179:111626. [PMID: 38430794 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2024.111626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Interpersonal victimization experiences (VEs) significantly affect mental and physical health, particularly in disorders associated with life-time adversities, like fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) and major depressive disorder (MDD). However, assessing VEs comprehensively remains challenging due to limited tools that encompass sub-traumatic events, such as bullying or discrimination, and contextual dimensions. We aimed to address this gap by validating the Victimization Experience Schedule (VES) in German, examining its reliability, and assessing VEs in clinical populations with FMS and MDD. METHODS We investigated the relationship between VEs and clinical symptoms in individuals with FMS, MDD and healthy controls (N = 105) in a case-control study. We also analyzed correlations between different types of VEs and categories of early childhood abuse and posttraumatic-stress-disorder instruments. Additionally, we validated our findings in an independent sample of individuals with FMS (N = 97) from a clinical study. RESULTS We observed excellent inter-rater reliability (Kw = 0.90-0.99), and VEs assessed using the VES were in alignment with subcategories of early childhood abuse. The prevalence of VEs extended beyond the categories covered by traditional survey instruments and was higher in individuals with MDD (4.0 ± 2.6) and FMS (5.9 ± 3.1) compared to controls (1.5 ± 1.7). We consistently identified a significant association between the number of VEs, the associated subjective distress, and clinical scores. Furthermore, distinct correlation patterns between VEs and clinical outcomes emerged across different cohorts. CONCLUSION Our study emphasizes the VES's value in understanding VEs within MDD and FMS. These experiences span from traumatic to sub-traumatic and correlate with posttraumatic-stress and clinical symptoms, underscoring the VES's importance as an assessment tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Drusko
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Malika Renz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Hannah Schmidt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany; Department of Neurophysiology, MCTN, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Michelle Rosin
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joe Simon
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eva Beiner
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Monica Charalambides
- Hammersmith & Fulham Community Rehab, West London NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany; DZPG (German Centre for Mental Health - Partner Site Heidelberg/ Mannheim/ Ulm), Germany
| | - Rolf-Detlef Treede
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany; Department of Neurophysiology, MCTN, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Heike Tost
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany; DZPG (German Centre for Mental Health - Partner Site Heidelberg/ Mannheim/ Ulm), Germany
| | - Jonas Tesarz
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany; DZPG (German Centre for Mental Health - Partner Site Heidelberg/ Mannheim/ Ulm), Germany.
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Næss JØ, Hirnstein M, Kusztrits I, Larøi F. An online survey on clinical and healthy individuals with auditory verbal hallucinations: Abuse did not lead to more negative voice content. Schizophr Res 2024; 265:39-45. [PMID: 36435717 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2022.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Despite the clinical and theoretical importance of the negative content in auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs), little research has been conducted on the topic. A handful of studies suggest that trauma or adverse life events contribute to negative content. The findings are somewhat inconsistent, however, possibly due to methodological limitations. Moreover, only trauma occurring in childhood has been investigated so far. In the present study, we studied the effect of abuse, experienced in either child- or adulthood, and clinical status on negative content of AVHs in four groups of participants that were assessed as part of a large, previously published online survey: Individuals with a psychotic disorder and AVHs (total n = 33), who had experienced abuse (n = 21) or not (n = 12) as well as a group of healthy individuals with AVHs (total n = 53), who had experienced abuse (n = 31) or not (n = 22). We hypothesized that having experienced abuse was associated with a higher degree of negative content. The clinical group collectively reported significantly higher degrees of negative AVHs content compared to the healthy group, but there was no effect of abuse on the degree of negative AVHs content. The presence of AVHs was more common amongst individuals who reported a history of abuse compared to individuals with no history of abuse, both in clinical and healthy participants with AVHs. This implies that at group level, being subjected to traumatic events increases an individual's vulnerability to experiencing AVHs. However, it does not necessarily account for negative content in AVHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Øverbø Næss
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Marco Hirnstein
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Norway; NORMENT - Norwegian Centre of Excellence for Mental Disorders Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Isabella Kusztrits
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Norway; NORMENT - Norwegian Centre of Excellence for Mental Disorders Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Frank Larøi
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Psychology and Neuroscience of Cognition Research Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
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Volpato E, Cavalera C, Castelnuovo G, Molinari E, Pagnini F. The "common" experience of voice-hearing and its relationship with shame and guilt: a systematic review. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:281. [PMID: 35443637 PMCID: PMC9022353 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-03902-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite Auditory Verbal Hallucinations (AVHs) having been long associated with mental illness, they represent a common experience also in the non-clinical population, yet do not exhibit distress or need for care. Shame and guilt are emotions related to one's perception of oneself and one's responsibility. As such, they direct our attention to aspects of AVHs that are under-researched and elusive, particularly about the status of voices as others, their social implications and the constitution and conceptualisation of the self. OBJECTIVES This paper aims to provide a systematic review of studies that investigated the relationship between auditory hallucinations, shame, and guilt in people without relevant signs of psychiatric issues. METHODS We searched studies reporting information about voices characteristics, the relationship between voices and hearers, hearer's reactions, and beliefs, paying peculiar attention to shame and guilt issues. Included papers were evaluated for risk of bias. RESULTS Eleven studies that explored the relationship between AVHs, shame and guilt, were extracted. Phenomenological, pragmatic, as well as neuropsychological features of hearing voices in non-clinical populations, allowed us to note a dynamic relationship and the constellation of subjective experiences that can occur. The role of guilt was characterized by few studies and mixed results, while shame was mainly common. CONCLUSIONS Due to the high heterogeneity detected and the scarce sources available, further studies should focus on both the aetiology and the bidirectional relationship between hearing voices, shame, and guilt in non-clinical people. This can be helpful in therapies for non-clinical populations who are distressed by their voices (e.g., psychotherapy), and for whom shame, and guilt may contribute to negative consequences such as isolation, anxiety or future depression. Moreover, it might favour the development and implication of different treatments considering emotion regulation, distress tolerance and interpersonal sensitivity on the clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Volpato
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli, 1, 20123, Milan, Italy.
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, Italy.
| | - C Cavalera
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli, 1, 20123, Milan, Italy
| | - G Castelnuovo
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli, 1, 20123, Milan, Italy
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Psychology Research Laboratory , Verbania , Italy
| | - E Molinari
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli, 1, 20123, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - F Pagnini
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli, 1, 20123, Milan, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Baumeister D, Ward T, Garety P, Jackson M, Morgan C, Charalambides M, Chadwick P, Howes O, Peters E. Need for care, adversity exposure and perceived stress in clinical and healthy voice-hearers - Corrigendum. Psychol Med 2021; 51:1959. [PMID: 33814030 PMCID: PMC8381234 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721000696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Baumeister
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Ward
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Bethlem Royal Hospital, Monks Orchard Road, Beckenham, Kent BR3 3BX, UK
| | - Philippa Garety
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Bethlem Royal Hospital, Monks Orchard Road, Beckenham, Kent BR3 3BX, UK
| | - Mike Jackson
- Bangor University, School of Psychology, Bangor, North Wales, UK
- Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board, Bangor, North Wales, UK
| | - Craig Morgan
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, Health Service & Population Research, London, UK
| | - Monica Charalambides
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Paul Chadwick
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Oliver Howes
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Bethlem Royal Hospital, Monks Orchard Road, Beckenham, Kent BR3 3BX, UK
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Emmanuelle Peters
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Bethlem Royal Hospital, Monks Orchard Road, Beckenham, Kent BR3 3BX, UK
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