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Boldrini M, Xiao Y, Sing T, Zhu C, Jabbi M, Pantazopoulos H, Gürsoy G, Martinowich K, Punzi G, Vallender EJ, Zody M, Berretta S, Hyde TM, Kleinman JE, Marenco S, Roussos P, Lewis DA, Turecki G, Lehner T, Mann JJ. Omics Approaches to Investigate the Pathogenesis of Suicide. Biol Psychiatry 2024:S0006-3223(24)01352-0. [PMID: 38821194 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2024.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Suicide is the second leading cause of death in U.S. adolescents and young adults and is generally associated with a psychiatric disorder. Suicidal behavior has a complex etiology and pathogenesis. Moderate heritability suggests genetic causes. Associations between childhood and recent life adversity indicate contributions from epigenetic factors. Genomic contributions to suicide pathogenesis remain largely unknown. This article is based on a workshop held to design strategies to identify molecular drivers of suicide neurobiology that would be putative new treatment targets. The panel determined that while bulk tissue studies provide comprehensive information, single-nucleus approaches that identify cell type-specific changes are needed. While single-nuclei techniques lack information on cytoplasm, processes, spines, and synapses, spatial multiomic technologies on intact tissue detect cell alterations specific to brain tissue layers and subregions. Because suicide has genetic and environmental drivers, multiomic approaches that combine cell type-specific epigenome, transcriptome, and proteome provide a more complete picture of pathogenesis. To determine the direction of effect of suicide risk gene variants on RNA and protein expression and how these interact with epigenetic marks, single-nuclei and spatial multiomics quantitative trait loci maps should be integrated with whole-genome sequencing and genome-wide association databases. The workshop concluded with a recommendation for the formation of an international suicide biology consortium that will bring together brain banks and investigators with expertise in cutting-edge omics technologies to delineate the biology of suicide and identify novel potential treatment targets to be tested in cellular and animal models for drug and biomarker discovery to guide suicide prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura Boldrini
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York; Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York.
| | - Yang Xiao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Tarjinder Sing
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York; Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York; New York Genome Center, New York, New York
| | - Chenxu Zhu
- New York Genome Center, New York, New York; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Mbemba Jabbi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Mulva Clinics for the Neurosciences, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Harry Pantazopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Gamze Gürsoy
- New York Genome Center, New York, New York; Departments of Biomedical Informatics and Computer Science, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Keri Martinowich
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Giovanna Punzi
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Eric J Vallender
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | | | - Sabina Berretta
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Brain Tissue Resource Center, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts
| | - Thomas M Hyde
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Joel E Kleinman
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Stefano Marenco
- Human Brain Collection Core, National Institute of Mental Health's (NIMH) Division of Intramural Research Programs, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Panagiotis Roussos
- Center for Precision Medicine and Translational Therapeutics, Mental Illness Research Education, and Clinical Center (VISN 2 South), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, New York
| | - David A Lewis
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Gustavo Turecki
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - J John Mann
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York; Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
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Zhong X, Chen X, Liu Y, Gui S, Pu J, Wang D, Tao W, Chen Y, Chen X, Chen W, Chen X, Qiao R, Tao X, Li Z, Xie P. Integrated analysis of transcriptional changes in major depressive disorder: Insights from blood and anterior cingulate cortex. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28960. [PMID: 38628773 PMCID: PMC11019182 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Major depressive disorder (MDD) was involved in widely transcriptional changes in central and peripheral tissues. While, previous studies focused on single tissues, making it difficult to represent systemic molecular changes throughout the body. Thus, there is an urgent need to explore the central and peripheral biomarkers with intrinsic correlation. Methods We systematically retrieved gene expression profiles of blood and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). 3 blood datatsets (84 MDD and 88 controls) and 6 ACC datasets (100 MDD and 100 controls) were obtained. Differential expression analysis, RobustRankAggreg (RRA) analysis, functional enrichment analysis, immune associated analysis and protein-protein interaction networks (PPI) were integrated. Furthermore, the key genes were validated in an independent ACC dataset (12 MDD and 15 controls) and a cohort with 120 MDD and 117 controls. Results Differential expression analysis identified 2211 and 2021 differential expressed genes (DEGs) in blood and ACC, respectively. RRA identified 45 and 25 robust DEGs in blood and ACC based on DEGs, and all of them were closely associated with immune cells. Functional enrichment results showed both the robust DEGs in blood and ACC were enriched in humoral immune response. Furthermore, PPI identified 8 hub DEGs (CD79A, CD79B, CD19, MS4A1, PLP1, CLDN11, MOG, MAG) in blood and ACC. Independent ACC dataset showed the area under the curve (AUC) based on these hub DEGs was 0.77. Meanwhile, these hub DEGs were validated in the serum of MDD patients, and also showed a promising diagnostic power. Conclusions The biomarker panel based on hub DEGs yield a promising diagnostic efficacy, and all of these hub DEGs were strongly correlated with immunity. Humoral immune response may be the key link between the brain and blood in MDD, and our results may provide further understanding for MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaogang Zhong
- College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- The Jin Feng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China
| | - Xiangyu Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yiyun Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- The Jin Feng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China
| | - Siwen Gui
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- The Jin Feng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China
| | - Juncai Pu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- The Jin Feng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Dongfang Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- The Jin Feng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China
| | - Wei Tao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- The Jin Feng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China
| | - Yue Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- The Jin Feng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- The Jin Feng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Weiyi Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- The Jin Feng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiaopeng Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- The Jin Feng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Renjie Qiao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiangkun Tao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhuocan Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Peng Xie
- College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- The Jin Feng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
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Zheng J, Womer FY, Tang L, Guo H, Zhang X, Tang Y, Wang F. Integrative omics analysis reveals epigenomic and transcriptomic signatures underlying brain structural deficits in major depressive disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:17. [PMID: 38195555 PMCID: PMC10776753 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02724-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Several lines of evidence support the involvement of transcriptomic and epigenetic mechanisms in the brain structural deficits of major depressive disorder (MDD) separately. However, research in these two areas has remained isolated. In this study, we proposed an integrative strategy that combined neuroimaging, brain-wide gene expression, and peripheral DNA methylation data to investigate the genetic basis of gray matter abnormalities in MDD. The MRI T1-weighted images and Illumina 850 K DNA methylation microarrays were obtained from 269 patients and 416 healthy controls, and brain-wide transcriptomic data were collected from Allen Human Brain Atlas. The between-group differences in gray matter volume (GMV) and differentially methylated CpG positions (DMPs) were examined. The genes with their expression patterns spatially related to GMV changes and genes with DMPs were overlapped and selected. Using principal component regression, the associations between DMPs in overlapped genes and GMV across individual patients were investigated, and the region-specific correlations between methylation status and gene expression were examined. We found significant associations between the decreased GMV and DMPs methylation status in the anterior cingulate cortex, inferior frontal cortex, and fusiform face cortex regions. These DMPs genes were primarily enriched in the neurodevelopmental and synaptic transmission process. There was a significant negative correlation between DNA methylation and gene expression in genes associated with GMV changes of the frontal cortex in MDD. Our findings suggest that GMV abnormalities in MDD may have a transcriptomic and epigenetic basis. This imaging-transcriptomic-epigenetic integrative analysis provides spatial and biological links between cortical morphological deficits and peripheral epigenetic signatures in MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Zheng
- Early Intervention Unit, Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Functional Brain Imaging Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fay Y Womer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lili Tang
- Early Intervention Unit, Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Functional Brain Imaging Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huiling Guo
- Early Intervention Unit, Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Functional Brain Imaging Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xizhe Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanqing Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
- Brain Function Research Section, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
- Department of Gerontology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
- Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Fei Wang
- Early Intervention Unit, Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
- Functional Brain Imaging Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
- Department of Mental Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Dalvie S, Chatzinakos C, Al Zoubi O, Georgiadis F, Lancashire L, Daskalakis NP. From genetics to systems biology of stress-related mental disorders. Neurobiol Stress 2021; 15:100393. [PMID: 34584908 PMCID: PMC8456113 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2021.100393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Many individuals will be exposed to some form of traumatic stress in their lifetime which, in turn, increases the likelihood of developing stress-related disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), major depressive disorder (MDD) and anxiety disorders (ANX). The development of these disorders is also influenced by genetics and have heritability estimates ranging between ∼30 and 70%. In this review, we provide an overview of the findings of genome-wide association studies for PTSD, depression and ANX, and we observe a clear genetic overlap between these three diagnostic categories. We go on to highlight the results from transcriptomic and epigenomic studies, and, given the multifactorial nature of stress-related disorders, we provide an overview of the gene-environment studies that have been conducted to date. Finally, we discuss systems biology approaches that are now seeing wider utility in determining a more holistic view of these complex disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shareefa Dalvie
- South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Unit on Child & Adolescent Health, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Chris Chatzinakos
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
| | - Obada Al Zoubi
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
| | - Foivos Georgiadis
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
| | | | - Lee Lancashire
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
- Department of Data Science, Cohen Veterans Bioscience, New York, USA
| | - Nikolaos P. Daskalakis
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
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5
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Wu C, Wang D, Niu K, Feng Q, Chen H, Zhu H, Xiang H. Gene expression profiling in peripheral blood lymphocytes for major depression: preliminary cues from Chinese discordant sib-pair study. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:540. [PMID: 34667146 PMCID: PMC8526709 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01665-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The etiology of major depressive disorder (MDD) involves many factors such as heredity and environment. There are very few MDD-related studies in Chinese population using twin or sib-pairs for depression-control samples. Here we used the microarray approach and compared gene expression profiling of peripheral blood lymphocytes from 6 sib-pairs discordant on lifetime history of MDD. Within sib-pair differentially expressed genes are obvious fewer in the 1st, 2nd, and 5th compared with those in the 3rd, 4th, and 6th sib-pairs. Gene expression pattern of these DEGs distinguished MDD individuals from the normal one in 3rd, 4th, and 6th sib-pair but not in the 1st, 2nd, and 5th pair, suggesting heterogeneity of different sib-pairs and somewhat commonalities among the 3rd, 4th, and 6th sib-pairs. Comprehensive protein interaction network analysis revealed two key genes PTH and FGF2 in a dominant network where the majority of the genes were significantly down-regulated. PTH was significantly down-regulated in all the sib-pairs while FGF2 was in the 3rd, 4th, and 6th sib-pairs. KEGG enrichment analysis of all the DEGs in networks showed that PTH and related genes were significantly enriched in the pathway of parathyroid hormone secretion, synthesis, and action while FGF2 and related genes were significantly enriched in the pathways of cancer and specifically breast cancer. Generally reduced expression of these genes in peripheral blood lymphocytes of MDD individuals implied their functional repression associated with MDD. Pending validation in more samples, the findings in this study provided valuable cues for understanding the potential mechanism of MDD, as well as potential markers for the diagnosis and treatment of depression in the Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Wu
- grid.459864.20000 0004 6005 705XSouth China Normal University-Panyu Central Hospital Joint Laboratory of Basic and Translational Medical Research, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China ,grid.263785.d0000 0004 0368 7397Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631 China
| | - Danfeng Wang
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kangkang Niu
- grid.263785.d0000 0004 0368 7397Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631 China
| | - Qili Feng
- grid.459864.20000 0004 6005 705XSouth China Normal University-Panyu Central Hospital Joint Laboratory of Basic and Translational Medical Research, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China ,grid.263785.d0000 0004 0368 7397Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631 China
| | - Hanwei Chen
- grid.459864.20000 0004 6005 705XSouth China Normal University-Panyu Central Hospital Joint Laboratory of Basic and Translational Medical Research, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haibing Zhu
- South China Normal University-Panyu Central Hospital Joint Laboratory of Basic and Translational Medical Research, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China. .,Department of Psychiatry, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Hui Xiang
- South China Normal University-Panyu Central Hospital Joint Laboratory of Basic and Translational Medical Research, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
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Afridi R, Seol S, Kang HJ, Suk K. Brain-immune interactions in neuropsychiatric disorders: Lessons from transcriptome studies for molecular targeting. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 188:114532. [PMID: 33773976 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of neuropsychiatric disorders has been a challenging quest for neurobiologists. Recent years have witnessed enormous technological advances in the field of neuroimmunology, blurring boundaries between the central nervous system and the periphery. Consequently, the discipline has expanded to cover interactions between the nervous and immune systems in health and diseases. The complex interplay between the peripheral and central immune pathways in neuropsychiatric disorders has recently been documented in various studies, but the genetic determinants remain elusive. Recent transcriptome studies have identified dysregulated genes involved in peripheral immune cell activation, blood-brain barrier integrity, glial cell activation, and synaptic plasticity in major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, autism spectrum disorder, and schizophrenia. Herein, the key transcriptomic techniques applied in investigating differentially expressed genes and pathways responsible for altered brain-immune interactions in neuropsychiatric disorders are discussed. The application of transcriptomics that can aid in identifying molecular targets in various neuropsychiatric disorders is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruqayya Afridi
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science & Engineering Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sihwan Seol
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jung Kang
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyoungho Suk
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science & Engineering Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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