1
|
Kim SH, Park S. Effectiveness of family interventions for patients with schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2023; 32:1598-1615. [PMID: 37553813 DOI: 10.1111/inm.13198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
The family is the primary caregiver for most patients with schizophrenia, and their roles are essential in patients' illness trajectories and outcomes. Due to this, various family interventions for schizophrenia have been developed and applied to the relatives who take care of their family members with schizophrenia. This study examined the effectiveness of existing family interventions for schizophrenia in achieving their target outcomes at both the family and patient levels by utilizing a systematic review and meta-analysis. Combinations of terms were used to search for relevant studies from the databases. Thirty-seven randomized controlled trials that met the inclusion criteria were included in the analysis. Based on the pooled result of the included studies, the programmes significantly improved the targeted outcomes with large effect size. The programmes' impacts on family-related outcomes were higher than those on patients. Among the targeted outcomes, patients' treatment satisfaction and adherence and family caregivers' mental health were the most remarkable outcomes that had improved from the included programmes. Conversely, outcomes related to family relationships, caregiving experiences, perceived social support of family caregivers, and patients' medication use did not see significant improvements. The programmes delivered to individual family units and only to the family caregivers were more effective than those delivered to groups of caregivers and caregivers and patients together, respectively. Programme-focused interventions were more effective than emotion-focused ones. Based on these findings, an in-home visiting nurse programme or advanced technology is suggested when applying family interventions for schizophrenia in practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sin-Hyang Kim
- Department of Nursing, Shinsung University, Dangjin-Si, South Korea
| | - Sihyun Park
- Department of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang TM, Zhang XF, Meng XD, Huang Y, Zhang W, Gong HH, Chan SKW, Chen XC, Gao R, Lewis-Fernández R, Fan YY, Liu CC, Huang L, Deng XP, Liu B, Ran MS. Comparison of stigmatizing views towards COVID-19 and mental disorders among adolescent and young adult students in China. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1170540. [PMID: 37484667 PMCID: PMC10359161 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1170540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Infectious diseases including COVID-19 and mental disorders are two of the most common health conditions associated with stigma. However, the comparative stigma of these two conditions has received less attention in research. This study aimed to compare the prevalence of stigmatizing views toward people with COVID-19 and mental disorders and the factors associated with these views, among a large sample of adolescent and young adult students in China. Methods A total of 9,749 adolescents and young adults aged 15-24 years completed a survey on stigmatizing attitudes toward COVID-19 and mental disorders, as well as mental health-related factors, including general mental health status and symptoms of depression, anxiety, insomnia, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Multivariable linear regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with stigmatizing views. Findings The prevalence of COVID-19 and mental disorders-related stigma was 17.2% and 40.7%, respectively. COVID-19-related stigma scores were significantly higher among male students (β = 0.025, p < 0.05), those without quarantine experience (β = 0.035, p < 0.001), those with lower educational level (p < 0.001), those with lower family income (p < 0.01), and those with higher PTSD symptoms (β = 0.045, p < 0.05). Mental disorder-related stigma scores were significantly higher among individuals with average and lower-than-average levels of family income (p < 0.01), depression symptoms (β = 0.056, p < 0.001), anxiety symptoms (β = 0.051, p < 0.001), and mental health problems (β = 0.027, p < 0.05). Conclusion The stigma of mental disorders is higher in the youth population than the stigma of COVID-19. Factors associated with stigmatizing attitudes toward people with COVID-19 and mental disorders varied across the youth. Stigma-reduction interventions among the youth should be targeted specifically to COVID-19 or mental disorders conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Ming Zhang
- Department of Social Work, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Feng Zhang
- Jingzhou Mental Health Center and The Mental Health Institute of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Xian-Dong Meng
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hui-Hui Gong
- School of Public Administration, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Sherry Kit Wa Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | - Ru Gao
- Wenjiang People‘s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | | | - Yuan-Yuan Fan
- Jingzhou Mental Health Center and The Mental Health Institute of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Chang-Cheng Liu
- Jingzhou Mental Health Center and The Mental Health Institute of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Lu Huang
- Jingzhou Mental Health Center and The Mental Health Institute of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Xiao-Peng Deng
- Jingzhou Mental Health Center and The Mental Health Institute of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Jingzhou Mental Health Center and The Mental Health Institute of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Mao-Sheng Ran
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang YZ, Meng XD, Zhang TM, Weng X, Li M, Luo W, Huang Y, Thornicroft G, Ran MS. Affiliate stigma and caregiving burden among family caregivers of persons with schizophrenia in rural China. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2023; 69:1024-1032. [PMID: 36708508 DOI: 10.1177/00207640231152206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although stigma and caregiving burden are important in relation to mental health recovery, few studies have been conducted on affiliate stigma and caregiving burden among family caregivers of persons with schizophrenia (FCPWS) in rural China. AIMS This study aimed to examine the severity level of affiliate stigma and caregiving burden, and identify the correlates among FCPWS in rural China. METHODS A mental health survey was conducted (N = 253 FCPWS) in Xinjin county, Sichuan province, China. Affiliate Self-Stigma Scale and Zarit Burden Interview Short Form were used. The regression analysis was performed to explore the correlates of stigma and burden. RESULTS Most FCPWS reported experiencing high and severe level of affiliate stigma (78.66%) and caregiving burden (95.26%). Family caregivers who were middle aged, unemployed, with high caregiving burden and low quality of life (QoL), showed more severe affiliate stigma. Family caregivers who were female, older, with low income, high affiliate stigma and low QoL, experienced greater caregiving burden. CONCLUSIONS The large majority of FCPWS in rural China experienced severe affiliate stigma, caregiving burden and poor QoL. It is crucial to develop culture-specific anti-stigma interventions to reduce caregivers' stigma and caregiving burden, and improve QoL. Specific risk factors of family caregivers' affiliate stigma and caregiving burden should be considered for development of health policy and community-based mental health services.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Zhou Wang
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Xian-Dong Meng
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tian-Ming Zhang
- Department of Social Work, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue Weng
- Institute of Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Ming Li
- Chengdu Xinjin Second People's Hospital, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Chengdu Xinjin Second People's Hospital, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Graham Thornicroft
- Centre for Global Mental Health and Centre for Implementation Science, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK
| | - Mao-Sheng Ran
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|