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Ghosh S, Burger P, Simeunovic-Ostojic M, Maas J, Petković M. Review of machine learning solutions for eating disorders. Int J Med Inform 2024; 189:105526. [PMID: 38935998 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2024.105526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eating Disorders (EDs) are one of the most complex psychiatric disorders, with significant impairment of psychological and physical health, and psychosocial functioning, and are associated with low rates of early detection, low recovery and high relapse rates. This underscores the need for better diagnostic and treatment methods. OBJECTIVE This narrative review explores current Machine Learning (ML) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications in the domain of EDs, with a specific emphasis on clinical management in treatment settings. The primary objective are to (i) decrease the knowledge gap between ED researchers and AI-practitioners, by presenting the current state-of-the-art AI applications (including models for causality) in different ED use-cases; (ii) identify limitations of these existing AI interventions and how to address them. RESULTS AI/ML methods have been applied in different ED use-cases, including ED risk factor identification and incidence prediction (including the analysis of social media content in the general population), diagnosis, monitoring patients and treatment response and prognosis in clinical populations. A comparative analysis of AI-techniques deployed in these use-cases have been performed, considering factors such as complexity, flexibility, functionality, explainability and adaptability to healthcare constraints. CONCLUSION Multiple restrictions have been identified in the existing methods in ML and Causality in terms of achieving actionable healthcare for ED, like lack of good quality and quantity of data for models to train on, while requiring models to be flexible, high-performing, yet being explainable and producing counterfactual explanations, for ensuring the fairness and trustworthiness of its decisions. We conclude that to overcome these limitations and for future AI research and application in clinical management of ED, (i) careful considerations are required with regards to AI-model selection, and (ii) joint efforts from ED researcher and patient community are essential in building better quality and quantity of dedicated ED datasets and secure AI-solution framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreejita Ghosh
- Dept. M & CS, Technical University of Eindhoven, Groene Loper 5, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
| | - Pia Burger
- Center of Eating Disorders, GGZ Oost-Brabant, Wesselmanlaan 25a, 5707 HA Helmond, the Netherlands.
| | | | - Joyce Maas
- Center of Eating Disorders, GGZ Oost-Brabant, Wesselmanlaan 25a, 5707 HA Helmond, the Netherlands; Dept. Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Prof. Cobbenhagenlaan, 5037 AB Tilburg, the Netherlands
| | - Milan Petković
- Dept. M & CS, Technical University of Eindhoven, Groene Loper 5, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Philips Hospital Patient Monitoring, High Tech Campus 34, 5656 AE Eindhoven, the Netherlands
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Hu Y, Pan Y, Yue L, Gao X. Self-objectification and eating disorders: the psychopathological and neural processes from psychological distortion to psychosomatic illness. PSYCHORADIOLOGY 2024; 4:kkae003. [PMID: 38666139 PMCID: PMC10946225 DOI: 10.1093/psyrad/kkae003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Yinying Hu
- Department of Applied Psychology, School of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Yafeng Pan
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- The State Key Lab of Brain-Machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejaing 310058, China
| | - Liming Yue
- Department of Applied Psychology, School of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Xiangping Gao
- Department of Applied Psychology, School of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, Shanghai 200234, China
- Shanghai Institute of Early Childhood Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, Shanghai 200234, China
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Dong D, Wang Y, Zhou F, Chang X, Qiu J, Feng T, He Q, Lei X, Chen H. Functional Connectome Hierarchy in Schizotypy and Its Associations With Expression of Schizophrenia-Related Genes. Schizophr Bull 2023:sbad179. [PMID: 38156676 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbad179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Schizotypy has been conceptualized as a continuum of symptoms with marked genetic, neurobiological, and sensory-cognitive overlaps to schizophrenia. Hierarchical organization represents a general organizing principle for both the cortical connectome supporting sensation-to-cognition continuum and gene expression variability across the cortex. However, a mapping of connectome hierarchy to schizotypy remains to be established. Importantly, the underlying changes of the cortical connectome hierarchy that mechanistically link gene expressions to schizotypy are unclear. STUDY DESIGN The present study applied novel connectome gradient on resting-state fMRI data from 1013 healthy young adults to investigate schizotypy-associated sensorimotor-to-transmodal connectome hierarchy and assessed its similarity with the connectome hierarchy of schizophrenia. Furthermore, normative and differential postmortem gene expression data were utilized to examine transcriptional profiles linked to schizotypy-associated connectome hierarchy. STUDY RESULTS We found that schizotypy was associated with a compressed functional connectome hierarchy. Moreover, the pattern of schizotypy-related hierarchy exhibited a positive correlation with the connectome hierarchy observed in schizophrenia. This pattern was closely colocated with the expression of schizophrenia-related genes, with the correlated genes being enriched in transsynaptic, receptor signaling and calcium ion binding. CONCLUSIONS The compressed connectome hierarchy suggests diminished functional system differentiation, providing a novel and holistic system-level basis for various sensory-cognition deficits in schizotypy. Importantly, its linkage with schizophrenia-altered hierarchy and schizophrenia-related gene expression yields new insights into the neurobiological continuum of psychosis. It also provides mechanistic insight into how gene variation may drive alterations in functional hierarchy, mediating biological vulnerability of schizotypy to schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debo Dong
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain and Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Yulin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Sleep and NeuroImaging Center, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuebin Chang
- Department of Information Sciences, School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Southwest University Branch, Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment Toward Basic Education Quality at Beijing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingyong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Research Center of Psychology and Social Development, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qinghua He
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Southwest University Branch, Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment Toward Basic Education Quality at Beijing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xu Lei
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Sleep and NeuroImaging Center, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Research Center of Psychology and Social Development, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Harmata GIS, Barsotti EJ, Casten LG, Fiedorowicz JG, Williams A, Shaffer JJ, Richards JG, Sathyaputri L, Schmitz SL, Christensen GE, Long JD, Gaine ME, Xu J, Michaelson JJ, Wemmie JA, Magnotta VA. Cerebellar morphological differences and associations with extrinsic factors in bipolar disorder type I. J Affect Disord 2023; 340:269-279. [PMID: 37562560 PMCID: PMC10529949 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neural underpinnings of bipolar disorder (BD) remain poorly understood. The cerebellum is ideally positioned to modulate emotional regulation circuitry yet has been understudied in BD. Literature suggests differences in cerebellar activity and metabolism in BD, however findings on structural differences remain contradictory. Potential reasons include combining BD subtypes, small sample sizes, and potential moderators such as genetics, adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), and pharmacotherapy. METHODS We collected 3 T MRI scans from participants with (N = 131) and without (N = 81) BD type I, as well as blood and questionnaires. We assessed differences in cerebellar volumes and explored potentially influential factors. RESULTS The cerebellar cortex was smaller bilaterally in participants with BD. Polygenic propensity score did not predict any cerebellar volumes, suggesting that non-genetic factors may have greater influence on the cerebellar volume difference we observed in BD. Proportionate cerebellar white matter volumes appeared larger with more ACEs, but this may result from reduced ICV. Time from onset and symptom burden were not associated with cerebellar volumes. Finally, taking sedatives was associated with larger cerebellar white matter and non-significantly larger cortical volume. LIMITATIONS This study was cross-sectional, limiting interpretation of possible mechanisms. Most of our participants were White, which could limit the generalizability. Additionally, we did not account for potential polypharmacy interactions. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that external factors, such as sedatives and childhood experiences, may influence cerebellum structure in BD and may mask underlying differences. Accounting for such variables may be critical for consistent findings in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail I S Harmata
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa, United States; Iowa Neuroscience Institute, The University of Iowa, United States; Department of Radiology, The University of Iowa, United States
| | - Ercole John Barsotti
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa, United States; Department of Epidemiology, The University of Iowa, United States
| | - Lucas G Casten
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa, United States; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics, The University of Iowa, United States
| | - Jess G Fiedorowicz
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa, United States; Iowa Neuroscience Institute, The University of Iowa, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Canada
| | - Aislinn Williams
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa, United States; Iowa Neuroscience Institute, The University of Iowa, United States
| | - Joseph J Shaffer
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa, United States; Iowa Neuroscience Institute, The University of Iowa, United States; Department of Radiology, The University of Iowa, United States; Department of Biosciences, Kansas City University, United States
| | | | | | | | - Gary E Christensen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Iowa, United States; Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa, United States
| | - Jeffrey D Long
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa, United States; Department of Biostatistics, The University of Iowa, United States
| | - Marie E Gaine
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa, United States; Iowa Neuroscience Institute, The University of Iowa, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics (PSET), College of Pharmacy, The University of Iowa, United States
| | - Jia Xu
- Department of Radiology, The University of Iowa, United States
| | - Jake J Michaelson
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa, United States; Iowa Neuroscience Institute, The University of Iowa, United States; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics, The University of Iowa, United States
| | - John A Wemmie
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa, United States; Iowa Neuroscience Institute, The University of Iowa, United States; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Iowa, United States; Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Iowa, United States; Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, United States
| | - Vincent A Magnotta
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa, United States; Iowa Neuroscience Institute, The University of Iowa, United States; Department of Radiology, The University of Iowa, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Iowa, United States.
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