1
|
Matias FR, Groves I, Durrans J, Herigstad M. Carbon monoxide affects early cardiac development in an avian model. Birth Defects Res 2024; 116:e2330. [PMID: 38488476 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Carbon monoxide (CO) is a toxic gas that can be lethal in large doses and may also cause physiological damage in lower doses. Epidemiological studies suggest that CO in lower doses over time may impact on embryo development, in particular cardiac development, however other studies have not observed this association. METHODS Here, we exposed chick embryos in ovo to CO at three different concentrations (3, 9, 18 ppm) plus air control (4 protocols in total) for the first 9 days of development, at which point we assessed egg and embryo weight, ankle length, developmental stage, heart weight, ventricular wall thickness, ventricular-septal thickness and atrial wall thickness. RESULTS We found that heart weight was reduced for the low and moderate exposures compared to air, that atrial wall and ventricular wall thickness was increased for the moderate and high exposures compared to air and that ventricular septal thickness was increased for low, moderate and high exposures compared to air. Ventricular wall thickness was also significantly positively correlated with absolute CO exposures across all protocols. CONCLUSIONS This intervention study thus suggests that CO even at very low levels may have a significant impact on cardiac development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Rombo Matias
- Lisbon School of Health Technology, Polytechnic Institute of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ian Groves
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- School of Biosciences, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Joshua Durrans
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Mari Herigstad
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fares WA, Ahmed MRM, Rizk RE, Shahein EHA, Boutrous NG, El-Sabrout K. Influence of non-ventilating intervals during early incubation stage on egg hatching process. Vet World 2023; 16:1534-1540. [PMID: 37621537 PMCID: PMC10446711 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.1534-1540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide (CO2) in the incubator plays a key role in embryonic development and hatching. This study aimed to study the effect of non-ventilated (NV) intervals during the early stage of embryonic development on the hatching process. Materials and Methods Hatching eggs (n = 7200) were equally divided into four treatment groups and incubated in four incubators. The first group was incubated in normal ventilated condition (V) during the setting phase of incubation. Ventilation holes of the three remaining incubators were closed for the first 3, 6, and 9 days and termed as NV groups (NV1, NV2, and NV3, respectively). A gradual increase in CO2 was allowed for NV groups, followed by opening the incubator holes to permit ventilation throughout the rest of the incubation periods. Results Obtained results demonstrated that CO2 concentration gradually increased up to 0.19% for the NV1 group, 0.41% for the NV2 group, and 0.90% for the NV3 group, while CO2 concentration remained at 0.08% during the first 9 days of incubation in the V group. Albumen pH was lowered for all NV groups. The highest hatchability percentage was recorded for NV3 followed by NV2 and NV1 groups. All NV groups represented earlier and narrower spread of hatch and higher hatched chick weight. Embryos and hatched chicks in the NV groups had higher hormonal levels of thyroxin and corticosterone. Conclusion All non-ventilation periods had positive effects on narrowing the spread of hatch, increasing hatched chick weight and hatchability percentage compared to the normal V condition. Furthermore, the non-ventilation throughout the first 9 days of incubation yielded the best hatching results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wesam A. Fares
- Department of Poultry Breeding, Animal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mona R. M. Ahmed
- Department of Poultry Breeding, Animal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - R. E. Rizk
- Department of Poultry Breeding, Animal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - E. H. A. Shahein
- Department of Poultry Breeding, Animal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - N. G. Boutrous
- Department of Poultry Breeding, Animal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Karim El-Sabrout
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Research Note: Effect of egg storage length on spread of hatch window, chick quality, and organ development in Transylvanian naked neck chickens. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101834. [PMID: 35381531 PMCID: PMC8980493 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
4
|
Tona K, Voemesse K, N’nanlé O, Oke OE, Kouame YAE, Bilalissi A, Meteyake H, Oso OM. Chicken Incubation Conditions: Role in Embryo Development, Physiology and Adaptation to the Post-Hatch Environment. Front Physiol 2022; 13:895854. [PMID: 35677093 PMCID: PMC9170334 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.895854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The chicken hatching egg is a self-contained life-supporting system for the developing embryo. However, the post-hatch performance of birds depends on several factors, including the breeder management and age, egg storage conditions and duration before incubation, and the incubation conditions. Studies have determined the effect of incubation factors on chick post-hatch growth potential. Therefore, chick physical quality at hatch is receiving increasing attention. Indeed, although incubation temperature, humidity, turning and ventilation are widely investigated, the effects of several variables such as exposure of the embryo to high or low levels, time of exposure, the amplitude of variations and stage exposures on embryo development and post-hatch performance remain poorly understood. This review paper focuses on chick quality and post-hatch performance as affected by incubation conditions. Also, chick physical quality parameters are discussed in the context of the parameters for determining chick quality and the factors that may affect it. These include incubation factors such as relative humidity, temperature, turning requirements, ventilation, in ovo feeding and delay in feed access. All these factors affect chick embryo physiology and development trajectory and consequently the quality of the hatched chicks and post-hatch performance. The potential application of adapted incubation conditions for improvement of post-hatch performance up to slaughter age is also discussed. It is concluded that incubation conditions affect embryo parameters and consequently post-hatch growth differentially according to exposure time and stage of exposure. Therefore, classical physical conditions are required to improve hatchability, chick quality and post-hatch growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K. Tona
- Centre d’Excellence Régional sur les Sciences Aviaires, University of Lome, Lome, Togo
- *Correspondence: K. Tona,
| | - K. Voemesse
- Centre d’Excellence Régional sur les Sciences Aviaires, University of Lome, Lome, Togo
- Institut Togolais de Recherche Agronomique, Lome, Togo
| | - O. N’nanlé
- Centre d’Excellence Régional sur les Sciences Aviaires, University of Lome, Lome, Togo
| | - O. E. Oke
- Department of Animal Physiology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Y. A. E. Kouame
- Centre d’Excellence Régional sur les Sciences Aviaires, University of Lome, Lome, Togo
| | - A. Bilalissi
- Centre d’Excellence Régional sur les Sciences Aviaires, University of Lome, Lome, Togo
| | - H. Meteyake
- Centre d’Excellence Régional sur les Sciences Aviaires, University of Lome, Lome, Togo
| | - O. M. Oso
- Centre d’Excellence Régional sur les Sciences Aviaires, University of Lome, Lome, Togo
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bilalissi A, Meteyake H, Kouame Y, Oke O, Lin H, Onagbesan O, Decuypere E, Tona K. Effects of pre-incubation storage duration and nonventilation incubation procedure on embryonic physiology and post-hatch chick performance. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101810. [PMID: 35358923 PMCID: PMC8968634 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects and possible interactions of storage and nonventilation during incubation for eggs from Sasso broiler breeder flock on pre- and post-hatch incubation results. A total of 1,260 Sasso eggs from a 58-wk-old broiler breeder flock were individually numbered, weighed and stored for 7 d or for 18 d in a climate-controlled room (16°C, 75% RH). After storage, eggs were weighed, and randomly assigned equally into 2 incubators. One of the incubators was ventilated (V) for the entire incubation and the second was nonventilated (NV) for the first 12 d. At d 18, the eggs were weighed, candled, and fertile eggs were transferred from the turning trays to hatching baskets. During the last 3 d of incubation, hatching eggs were checked individually every 3 h for hatching events and hatchability of fertile eggs. After pull out at d 21.5, post-hatch performances was determined until 1 wk of age. Results showed that, embryo weights from eggs in NV incubator was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in both stored eggs compared to those from eggs in ventilated incubator, but embryos from eggs stored for 18 d were smaller (P < 0.05) than those from eggs stored for 7 d. Hatchability was higher (P < 0.0001) in NV incubator compared to V incubator in both 7 d and 18 d stored eggs and an interaction was found between incubation ventilation and storage duration on both hatchability and embryonic mortality (P < 0.0001). Chick weights from NV incubator at 7 d post-hatch was greater (P = 0.0009) than those from V incubator. Serum Tri-iodothyronine (T3) and Thyroxin (T4) concentrations were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in NV compare to V group. It was concluded that the effect of long-term pre-incubation storage on embryonic physiology and post-hatch growth interacted significantly with incubation ventilation and that nonventilation can compensate for the negative effects of storage on some hatching and post-hatch performances.
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu C, Zheng W, Zhu L, Tong Q, Li D. Effect of elevated carbon dioxide on chicken eggs during the early and late incubation periods. Animal 2022; 16:100499. [DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2022.100499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
|
7
|
Okur N, Eratalar SA, Yiğit AA, Kutlu T, Kabakçi R, Özsoy ŞY. Effects of incubator oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations on hatchability of fertile eggs, some blood parameters, and histopathological changes of broilers with different parental stock ages in high altitude. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101609. [PMID: 34936960 PMCID: PMC8703081 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of incubator carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxygen (O2) concentrations with parental stock age (PSA) on embryonic deaths (ED), hatchability of fertile eggs (HFE), some blood parameters, and the tissue development of broilers were investigated. Four consecutive repetitions following the similar materials and methods were carried. From 3 different aged ROSS 308 broiler parental flocks 7,680 hatching eggs were obtained and classified as young (Y; 29 wk), middle (M; 37 wk) and old (O; 55 wk) as regards PSA, and randomly distributed. Four different incubator ventilation programs (IVP) as control (C; 0.67% CO2 and 20.33% O2), high CO2 (HC; 1.57% CO2 and 20.26% O2), high O2 (HO; 0.50% CO2 and 21.16% O2), and high CO2 + O2 (HCO; 1.17% CO2 21.03% O2) were applied with oxygen concentrator, and ED and HFE were investigated. Lung and heart tissues, hemoglobin value, packed cell volume, and red blood cell count, triiodothyronine, thyroxine, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) values of the chicks were analyzed. It was found that IVP affected ED and HFE. Higher rate of early ED (EED) was obtained from the HC than HCO, and higher middle+late stage+pipped but unhatched ED (MLPED) with a lower rate of HFE was observed in the C group than HO and HCO (P < 0.05). Association was found between PSA and IVP (P < 0.05), being more evident in EED for young PSA, in MLPED with HFE for Y and O PSA. From hematological values, no statistical difference in RBC, PCV, and Hb values were found among the treatment groups, ACTH concentration known as a response to stress was found to be higher than C in all groups, triiodothyronine concentration was higher in the HO group than C. In the histopathological examination, used IVPs were found to have negative effects on the lung and heart such as vacuolization, hemorrhage in all PSA groups except for C. Conclusively, PSA and IVP affected some hatching, blood and tissue development parameters of the broiler chicks.
Collapse
|
8
|
Li Q, Duan Z, Sun C, Zheng J, Xu G, Yang N. Genetic variations for the eggshell crystal structure revealed by genome-wide association study in chickens. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:786. [PMID: 34727889 PMCID: PMC8565016 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-08103-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Eggshell is a bio-ceramic material comprising columnar calcite (CaCO3) crystals and organic proteinaceous matrix. The size, shape and orientation of the CaCO3 crystals influence the microstructural properties of chicken eggshells. However, the genetic architecture underlying eggshell crystal polymorphism remains to be elucidated. Results The integral intensity of the nine major diffraction peaks, total integral intensity and degree of orientation of the crystals were measured followed by a genome-wide association study in 839 F2 hens. The results showed that the total integral intensity was positively correlated with the eggshell strength, eggshell thickness, eggshell weight, mammillary layer thickness and effective layer thickness. The SNP-based heritabilities of total integral intensity and degree of orientation were 0.23 and 0.06, respectively. The 621 SNPs located in the range from 55.6 to 69.1 Mb in GGA1 were significantly associated with TA. PLCZ1, ABCC9, ITPR2, KCNJ8, CACNA1C and IAPP, which are involved in the biological process of regulating cytosolic calcium ion concentration, can be suggested as key genes regulating the total integral intensity. Conclusions The findings greatly advance the understanding of the genetic basis underlying the crystal ultrastructure of eggshell quality and thus will have practical significance in breeding programs for improving eggshell quality. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-08103-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quanlin Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongyi Duan
- National Animal Husbandry Service, 100125, Beijing, China
| | - Congjiao Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangxia Zheng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Guiyun Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Babacanoğlu E, Güller U. Daily oxygen supplementation to the incubator at different stages of embryonic development alters the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the lung tissue of broiler chicks at a high altitude. Br Poult Sci 2021; 62:459-465. [PMID: 33325752 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2020.1864809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
1. Pulmonary hypertension, associated with mitochondrial function in the lung tissue of broilers, can occur at hypoxic high altitudes. The present research examined the impacts of O2 supplementation at different embryonic stages on broiler organ development and antioxidant enzyme activities.2. In total, 360 eggs from Ross 308 broiler breeders at sea level were divided into a control group (O2 non-supplementation group) and three experimental groups daily 1 h 23.5% O2 supplementation from days 0 to 11 (O0-11), from days 12 to 21 (O12-21), and from days 18 to 21 (O18-21) of embryonic age.3. The lung, heart, right ventricular (RV), and left ventricular (LV) + septum of newly hatched and seven day old chicks from every group were dissected and weighed. Antioxidant enzyme activities were examined in their lung tissue.4. The lung weight did not change in any group. At hatching, the heart weight (g and %) was higher in the O12-21 and O18-21 groups than in the O0-11 and control groups, but the relative heart weight was the highest in the O18-21 group in comparison with the O12-21 group.5. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased in all experimental groups at both ages, but glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity increased only in seven day old chicks. Catalase (CAT) exhibited high activity in the O12-21 and O18-21 groups at hatching. In the seven day old chicks, while the CAT activity did not change in the O18-21 group, it decreased in the O0-11 group and increased in the O12-21 group.6. Glutathione reductase (GR) activity did not change in the O18-21 group, but GR exhibited low activity in the O0-11 group and high activity in the O18-21 group in newly hatched chicks. The GR activity only decreased in the O18-21 group of seven day old chicks.7. The results indicated that oxygen supplementation to the incubator caused alterations in the antioxidant enzyme activities in the lungs of broiler chicks, and this may have been in response to oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Babacanoğlu
- Department of Animal Science, University of Van Yüzüncü Yıl, Van, Turkey
| | - U Güller
- Iğdır University, Engineering Faculty, Department of Food Engineering, Iğdır, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Underwood G, Andrews D, Phung T, Edwards LE. Incubation, hatchery practice and the welfare of layer hens. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/an20391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
For modern layers to achieve optimum production performance and welfare state, the entire production process needs to be managed to achieve target bodyweight, body composition and flock uniformity. In addition to genetic improvements, flock health, environment, nutrition and on-farm husbandry practices, incubation and hatchery practices have become a focal point for producing optimum chick quality. Chick quality is a collective term involving chick size and anatomical features, physiology, robustness and liveability over the first week after placement. Chick quality is a key focus for hatcheries as this has been positively correlated with overall flock performance, especially egg production, shell quality, liveability and animal welfare. Recent advances in incubation have focussed on the benefits of all-in–all-out (single-stage) machines. Innovation in incubation systems is completely conducted today by international manufacturers, and is largely driven by the meat chicken industry. Disposal of male layer chicks has increased as a consumer welfare concern, and while investment in research and legislation changes are focussed towards providing or driving new solutions, there are currently no commercial options for industry to deal with this problem before incubation or hatch. Chick transport systems and equipment have also significantly improved in recent years, providing optimum conditions to ensure temperature uniformity and minimal moisture loss during transit before placement, thus optimising chick quality. Together, recent improvements in incubation equipment and hatchery practice can produce commercial layer chicks that are healthy, of high quality, and are then in an optimal physiological state and condition to achieve their genetic potential.
Collapse
|
11
|
Abioja MO, Abiona JA, Akinjute OF, Ojoawo HT. Effect of storage duration on egg quality, embryo mortality and hatchability in FUNAAB-ɑ chickens. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2020; 105:715-724. [PMID: 33377577 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Effect of extended storage on egg quality, embryo mortality and hatchability in FUNAAB-ɑ chickens was determined. Hatchable eggs (n = 288; weighing 53.2 ± 4.67 g) collected from a flock of FUNAAB-ɑ layer breeder hens aged 32 weeks were stored in egg tray with broad end up under 16 ± 1.5°C for either 0, 4, 8, 12, 16 or 20 d. Before incubation, eight eggs from each group were evaluated for internal and external quality traits. Remaining eggs were set in an incubator and transferred into hatcher on embryonic day 18. Data collected were subjected to one-way analysis of variance. Egg weight loss (EWL; p < .001), surface area (p < .001), yolk diameter (p < .001), inner and outer blastoderm diameters (p < .05) and dead in germ (DIG; p < .001) increased with storage duration while yolk height (p < .001), yolk index (p < .001), albumen weight (p < .05), albumen height (p < .05), albumen index (p < .01), Haugh's unit (HU; p < .05), fertility (p < .001), hatchability of set (HATCHS; p < .001) and fertile eggs (p < .05) decreased. Weight losses of 0, 1.2, 2.2, 3.4, 4.6 and 6.1% were recorded in egg stored for 0, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 days respectively. Eggs stored beyond 8 days exhibited higher DIG and lower HATCHS. Shell percentage in 4 days storage (11.4%) was lower (p < .05) than in 16 days storage (13.4%). Shell thickness was similar in eggs stored for 0 to 12 days, but 8 days storage (0.60 mm) had thinner (p < .01) shell than day 16 (0.71 mm) and day 20 (0.73 mm) storage. Internal quality unit (IQU) was higher (p < .05) in fresh eggs (180.4) than in 12 days (167.8) and 20 days (167.8) stored eggs. Extended storage of FUNAAB-ɑ eggs caused EWL, surface area shrinkage, lowered HU and IQU, loss of yolk and albumen quality, increased blastoderm diameters and DIG, and decreased egg fertility and HATCHS from day 8 forward. Storing FUNAAB-ɑ eggs beyond 8 days reduced quality parameters; therefore, other mitigating factors are recommended when storing beyond 8 days.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monsuru Oladimeji Abioja
- Department of Animal Physiology, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - John Adesanya Abiona
- Department of Animal Physiology, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Obafemi Foluso Akinjute
- Department of Animal Physiology, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Henry T Ojoawo
- ACCG/PEARLS Research Programme, Directorate of University Farms, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Uyanga V, Onagbesan O, Oke O, Abiona J, Egbeyale L. Influence of age of broiler breeders and storage duration on egg quality and blastoderm of Marshall broiler breeders. J APPL POULTRY RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
|
13
|
Abd El-Hack ME, Hurtado CB, Toro DM, Alagawany M, Abdelfattah EM, Elnesr SS. Impact of environmental and incubation factors on hatchability of duck eggs. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2019.1628394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Cesar Betancur Hurtado
- Department of Livestock Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnic, University of Córdoba, Monteria, Colombia
| | - Dairon Más Toro
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Mahmoud Alagawany
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | | | - Shaaban S. Elnesr
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Negative effects of fertile egg storage on the egg and the embryo and suggested hatchery management to minimise such problems. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s0043933913000044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
15
|
|
16
|
Pre-Incubation and its Effect on the Development and Malformations of The Chick Embryo. FOLIA VETERINARIA 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/fv-2019-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of eggs stored with and without pre-incubation on chick embryos with emphasis on: embryo body, heart weight, malformations, and mortality. For this study, a total of 120 chick embryos were divided into three groups, based on the length of storage before hatching (3, 7 and 10 days). Observations of the weight of chick embryo bodies, chick embryo hearts, and the level of mortality and appearance of malformations were noted. With an increase in days stored, the chick embryo’s weight decreased. The pre-incubation period had a positive effect on the weight of chick embryo, and chick hearts. Malformations, including: hydrocephalus, open body cavity and underdeveloped wings, were observed in all three groups, with the highest proportion seen in the pre-incubated hatching eggs stored for 10 days; this group also displayed the highest level of mortality. Non-pre-incubated eggs showed the most promise with better results in all experimental groups. In conclusion, the research suggests the optimal storage for chick embryos to be 3 days, with lowest levels of mortality, malformations and limited effects on the body and heart weight.
Collapse
|
17
|
Özlü S, Uçar A, Banwell R, Elibol O. The effect of increased concentration of carbon dioxide during the first 3 days of incubation on albumen characteristics, embryonic mortality and hatchability of broiler hatching eggs. Poult Sci 2019; 98:771-776. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
|
18
|
Okur N. Effects of Incubator Carbon Dioxide and Oxygen Levels, and Egg Weight on Broilers’ Hatchability of Fertile Eggs. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2019-1038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N Okur
- Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Batool T, Farooq S, Roohi N, Mahmud A, Ghayas A, Ahmad S, Usman M. Subsequent Effect of Lysine Regimens on Egg Characteristics of Native Aseel Chicken. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2018-0761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - N Roohi
- University of Punjab, Pakistan
| | - A Mahmud
- University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - A Ghayas
- University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - S Ahmad
- University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - M Usman
- University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Babacanoğlu E. Responses of developmental and physiological traits to manipulated incubation conditions in broiler embryos at hypoxic high altitude. Arch Anim Breed 2018. [DOI: 10.5194/aab-61-337-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract. The effects of hypoxia at
increased altitude levels on the cardio-respiratory development of broiler
embryos are distinct in comparison with those at sea level. The aim of the
study was to investigate the effects of high incubation temperature (H) and
oxygen supplementation (O) during hypoxic high altitude (HA) on developmental
and physiological traits of embryos and hatching performance of embryonated
hatching eggs in broilers at different embryonic stages. A total of 1280 eggs
obtained from broiler breeders laid at sea level were used. Eggshell quality
characteristics were measured for 20 eggs. The rest of the 1260 eggs were
divided into seven incubation condition (IC) groups (180 eggs per group)
including a control group at 37.8 ∘C and 21 % O2; O
groups, with daily 1 h 23.5 % O2 supplementation at
37.8 ∘C as O0−11, O12−21, and O18−21; H groups
at 38.5 ∘C high incubation temperature at 21 % O2 as
H0−11, H12−21, and H18−21 from days 0 to 11, 12 to 21, and 18 to 21 of incubation,
respectively. All groups were incubated in three different incubators at
hypoxic HA. The effect of IC was determined on eggshell temperature, hatching
performance, embryo development, right ventricular (RV) to total ventricular
(TV) ratio, and blood parameters. The highest egg water loss and embryonic
mortality and the lowest hatchability were in the H0−11 group, which
depended on increased eggshell temperature during incubation. On day 18 of
incubation, due to the decreased egg water loss in the O12−21 and
O18−21 groups, there was an increase in hatchability in fertile eggs
similar to the middle and late H groups. Towards the end of incubation,
embryo/chick weights were not different and RV and TV weights increased in
the treated groups, and the RV ∕ TV ratio changed between 15 and
26 %. At hatching, yolk
sac weight increased in H0−11 and H12−21 groups. The O groups
had the lowest serum tri-iodothyronine (T3) concentration as distinct
from H groups. The serum thyroxine (T4) concentration increased in the
treated groups, dependent on sex of the embryo. Blood hemoglobin
concentration of O groups decreased relative to other groups. The hematocrit
value was the lowest in the O12−21 and highest in the H12−21
groups. The H and O treatments during pre-hatch hypoxic HA condition can be
positively evaluated on physiological traits of embryos after half of
incubation depended on the timing of the IC exposure to the hatching eggs
obtained from broiler breeders at sea level.
Collapse
|
21
|
Galic A, Pliestic S, Janjecic Z, Bedekovic D, Filipovic D, Kovacev I, Copec K. Some Physical, Morphological, and Mechanical Characteristics of Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) Eggs. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2017-0679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Galic
- University of Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - K Copec
- University of Zagreb, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Okur N, Eleroğlu H, Türkoğlu M. Impacts of Breeder Age, Storage Time and Setter Ventilation Program on Incubation and Post-Hatch Performance of Broilers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2017-0550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N Okur
- Abant Izzet Baysal University, Turkey
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Watson H, Salmón P, Isaksson C. Maternally derived yolk antioxidants buffer the developing avian embryo against oxidative stress induced by hyperoxia. J Exp Biol 2018; 221:jeb.179465. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.179465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In oviparous animals, maternally transferred antioxidants protect the embryo from oxidative damage from high rates of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production incurred by rapid growth. Elevated ROS exposure – beyond that incurred by normal growth - can occur as a result of exposure to exogenous factors (e.g. pollutants, toxins, radiation), increasing the risk of oxidative damage, with potentially adverse consequences for embryonic development and long-term fitness. The capacity of the avian embryo's antioxidant protection system to counter an increased exogenous oxidative threat is poorly understood. We induced an external oxidative challenge via experimental increase in ambient oxygen concentration throughout incubation of wild great tit Parus major eggs in the laboratory. At day 11 of incubation, brain tissue revealed no consistent differences in oxidative stress status – as measured by antioxidant levels (superoxide dismutase and total glutathione), lipid peroxidation and telomere length - between control (21% oxygen) and hyperoxic (40% oxygen) embryos. However, the level of vitamin E was significantly lower and lipid peroxidation was significantly higher in yolks of eggs reared under elevated oxygen concentrations. The results suggest that maternally derived yolk antioxidants successfully buffer developing embryonic tissues against an increased exogenous oxidative threat. Furthermore, vitamin E plays a more important role in protecting the embryo than carotenoids. However, the depletion of antioxidants and increased peroxidation of lipids in the yolk could have negative consequences for embryonic development – in particular for the brain and heart that require highly unsaturated fatty acids - and protection against the oxidative burst following hatching.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Watson
- Evolutionary Ecology, Biology Department, Lund University, SE-223 62, Sweden
| | - Pablo Salmón
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Caroline Isaksson
- Evolutionary Ecology, Biology Department, Lund University, SE-223 62, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Desalew T, Wondmeneh E, Mekonnen G, Tadelle D. Comparative study on some egg quality traits of exotic chickens in different production systems in East Shewa, Ethiopia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.5897/ajar2014.9373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
|
25
|
Barbosa V, Baião N, Rocha J, Mendes P, Lara L, Pompeu M, Leme F, Cardeal P, Martins N, Leite R. Equilíbrio ácido-básico de embriões e pintos de corte em momentos críticos da incubação e submetidos a diferentes períodos de transferência para o nascedouro. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-6191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Foram analisados os níveis de pCO2, pO2, pH e HCO3 - de embriões e pintos de corte provenientes de matrizes novas e velhas, nos momentos anteriores à bicagem interna e externa da casca e ao nascimento, submetidos a diferentes períodos de transferência para as condições ambientais dos nascedouros. Os tratamentos foram definidos pela idade da matriz (33 e 63 semanas) e pela transferência para o nascedouro (aos 15, 17 e 19 dias). O delineamento experimental foi em parcelas subdivididas, sendo a parcela os três momentos de transferência e a subparcela as duas idades das matrizes. Foram utilizadas seis repetições para cada tratamento, e o embrião ou o pinto foi considerado uma repetição. Os dados normais e homogêneos foram submetidos às análises de variância, e as médias comparadas pelos testes F, de Tukey e SNK. Embriões cujos ovos foram transferidos aos 15 dias para o nascedouro apresentaram melhor equilíbrio ácido-básico durante as fases pré-natal e perinatal. Durante o último terço da incubação, independentemente das diferentes condições ambientais às quais os embriões são submetidos e da idade da matriz, há capacidade de resposta fisiológica que permite uma estabilidade no equilíbrio ácido-básico dos pintos após a eclosão.
Collapse
|
26
|
Physiological Relationships of the Middle and Late Post-Hatch Performance of Broilers to their Embryo and Eggshell Characteristics. J Poult Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.0130007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
27
|
Pulikanti R, Peebles ED, Zhai W, Bennett LW, Gerard PD. Physiological relationships of the early posthatch performance of broilers to their embryo and eggshell characteristics. Poult Sci 2012; 91:1552-7. [PMID: 22700498 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2011-02065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Relationships between physiological parameters of early posthatch chicks with their corresponding egg and embryo parameters were examined in progeny of young broiler breeders. Four hundred and 80 broiler hatching eggs that were obtained from a 29-wk-old Ross 308 breeder flock were incubated on 8 replicate tray levels of an incubator until hatch. Between 10.5 and 18.5 d of incubation, internal (T(emb)) and external (T(ext)) egg temperatures were recorded twice daily using temperature transponders. Beginning at 18.5 d, the eggs were individually monitored for hatch every 12 h. Average T(emb), T(ext), and average daily incubational egg weight loss (EWL) for the 10.5- to 18.5-d incubation period were used to calculate eggshell water vapor conductance (G(H2O)), specific G(H2O) (g(H2O); G(H2O) adjusted to 100 g of set egg weight basis), and a G(H2O) constant (K(H2O)) for each egg. Chicks were grown out for 10 d in pens of a single battery brooder. In each pen, on d 3 posthatch, carcasses, yolk sac, liver, and pipping muscle samples were collected from at least 2 chicks that hatched from eggs implanted with transponders for determination of their relative weights and moisture concentrations. Livers and pipping muscles were also analyzed for glucose, glycogen, fat, and protein concentrations. Yolk sac weight as a percentage of chick BW (YW) and its moisture concentration (YSM) were positively correlated with T(emb). Egg g(H2O) was positively correlated with chick carcass moisture concentration and its relative weight as a percentage of set egg weight, but it was negatively correlated with YW. The positive functional relationship between T(emb) and incubation length may be mediated via their common positive relationships to YSM. A negative correlation was observed between percentage EWL and relative BW on d 0 and 0.5 posthatch for chicks hatched from unimplanted eggs. The results suggest that a higher g(H2O) results in an increased metabolism of the broiler embryo, which subsequently increases growth and yolk sac absorption in broiler chicks through 3 d posthatch.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Pulikanti
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississipi State University, MS, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Klein R, Bartel-Steinbach M, Koschorreck J, Paulus M, Tarricone K, Teubner D, Wagner G, Weimann T, Veith M. Standardization of egg collection from aquatic birds for biomonitoring--a critical review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:5273-5284. [PMID: 22509944 DOI: 10.1021/es204314p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Collecting bird eggs is an established method of biomonitoring for specific pollution hazards. One of the most critical problems with this method is the extreme biological variability in bird eggs, but standardizing the collection and preservation of eggs can reduce these problems. Furthermore, standard practices are required so that the results can be compared among studies because mistakes cannot be corrected by laboratory analysis. Therefore, a standard procedure for collecting and preserving bird eggs may be necessary. The objective of this review is to investigate the current standard of quality assurance in the field by analyzing 86 peer-reviewed papers describing egg collection and use for aquatic birds. We show that little attention has been paid to standardizing how eggs are collected and stored in the field. Important information is often absent, including crucial aspects of sample collection and preservation, such as the freshness of the eggs, the position of the eggs in the laying sequence, the selection criteria, random sampling, and the duration and temperature of transport. Potential standards are suggested and discussed as a foundation for the development of quality assurance standards in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roland Klein
- Trier University, Department of Geography/Geosciences-Biogeography, Universitätsring 15, 54296 Trier, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Effect of nanoparticles of silver and gold on metabolic rate and development of broiler and layer embryos. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2012; 161:315-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2011.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2011] [Revised: 11/27/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
30
|
Regulatory capacities of a broiler and layer strain exposed to high CO2 levels during the second half of incubation. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2011; 158:215-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2010.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2010] [Revised: 10/27/2010] [Accepted: 10/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
31
|
Molenaar R, Meijerhof R, van den Anker I, Heetkamp MJW, van den Borne JJGC, Kemp B, van den Brand H. Effect of eggshell temperature and oxygen concentration on survival rate and nutrient utilization in chicken embryos. Poult Sci 2010; 89:2010-21. [PMID: 20709988 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2010-00787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental conditions during incubation such as temperature and O(2) concentration affect embryo development that may be associated with modifications in nutrient partitioning. Additionally, prenatal conditions can affect postnatal nutrient utilization. Using broiler chicken embryos, we studied the effects of eggshell temperature (EST; 37.8 or 38.9 degrees C) and O(2) (17, 21, or 25%) applied from d 7 until 19 of incubation in a 2 x 3 factorial design. Effects of these factors on embryonic survival, development, and nutrient utilization were assessed in the pre- and posthatch period. High EST reduced yolk-free body mass compared with normal EST (36.1 vs. 37.7 g), possibly through reduced incubation duration (479 vs. 487 h) and lower efficiency of protein utilization for growth (83.6 vs. 86.8%). Increasing O(2) increased yolk-free body mass (from 35.7 to 38.3 g) at 12 h after emergence from the eggshell, but differences were larger between the low and normal O(2) than between the normal and high O(2). This might be due to the lower efficiency of nutrient utilization for growth at low O(2). However, the effects of O(2) that were found at 12 h were less pronounced at 48 h posthatch. When O(2) was shifted to 21% for all treatments at d 19 of incubation, embryos incubated at low O(2) used nutrients more efficiently than those incubated at normal or high O(2). An additional negative effect on survival and chick development occurred when embryos were exposed to a combination of high EST and low O(2). Possible explanations include reduced nutrient availability for hatching, decreased body development to fulfill the energy-demanding hatching process, and higher incidence of malpositions. In conclusion, EST and O(2) during incubation affect nutrient utilization for growth, which may explain differences in survival and development. Embryos raised under suboptimal environmental conditions in the prenatal period may develop adaptive mechanisms that still continue in the posthatch period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Molenaar
- HatchTech Incubation Technology B.V., PO Box 256, 3900 AG Veenendaal, the Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Molenaar R, Reijrink IAM, Meijerhof R, Van den Brand H. Meeting embryonic requirements of broilers throughout incubation: a review. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2010. [DOI: 10.1590/s1516-635x2010000300001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
33
|
Shinder D, Rusal M, Giloh M, Yahav S. Effect of repetitive acute cold exposures during the last phase of broiler embryogenesis on cold resistance through the life span. Poult Sci 2009; 88:636-46. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2008-00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
34
|
Zhang H, Wang XT, Chamba Y, Ling Y, Wu CX. Influences of hypoxia on hatching performance in chickens with different genetic adaptation to high altitude. Poult Sci 2008; 87:2112-6. [PMID: 18809874 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2008-00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The experiments were conducted to assess how hatching performance is affected by chicken breeds and environment of high altitude and to analyze the vital factor of the low hatchability at a 2,900-m altitude. Eggs of Tibetan and Dwarf chickens were incubated at conditions of normobaric normoxia, normobaric hypoxia, hypobaric hypoxia, and supplemental O2 at high altitude (hypobaric normoxia) during the whole incubation or at 0 to 7, 8 to 14, and 15 to 22 d of incubation, respectively. The results showed that the Tibetan chickens had greater hatchability (79.72%), lower water loss (12.90%), greater relative embryo weight (38.08%), and relative chick weight (68.41%) compared with the Dwarf chickens (31.69, 15.79, 30.71, and 65.21%, respectively) when both of them were incubated at a 2,900-m altitude. The hatchability was 71.60% in Tibetan chicken and 36.23% in Dwarf chicken under the normobaric hypoxia condition. The hatchability of chicken was efficiently increased with supplemental O2. The previous results indicated that the O2 deficit is the main factor resulting in the low hatchability and the poor chick quality of the lowland chicken breed when incubated at a 2,900-m altitude. Breeding chickens for adaptability to hypoxia and supplemental O2 is a good way to improve the hatchability and chick quality at that altitude.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Bejing, China 100193
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Willemsen H, Tona K, Bruggeman V, Onagbesan O, Decuypere E. Effects of high CO2level during early incubation and late incubationin ovodexamethasone injection on perinatal embryonic parameters and post-hatch growth of broilers. Br Poult Sci 2008; 49:222-31. [DOI: 10.1080/00071660801955654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
|