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Honig H, Haron A, Plitman L, Lokshtanov D, Shinder D, Nagar S, Goshen T, Druyan S. Comparative Analysis of Broiler Housing Systems: Implications for Production and Wellbeing. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1665. [PMID: 38891712 PMCID: PMC11171039 DOI: 10.3390/ani14111665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
This study compares the effects of modern colony cage systems and traditional floor systems on the production and welfare of broiler chickens. Through two trials spanning 35 days each, we evaluated various physiological parameters, including growth performance, bone health, stress responses, and meat quality. Colony cages demonstrated superior thermal regulation and growth performance compared to traditional floor systems, but also exhibited higher frequencies of leg deformity and reduced standing ability. Conversely, the broilers in traditional floor systems experienced heat stress-related challenges, impacting the meat quality. Our findings underscore the need to balance productivity with animal welfare in broiler farming practices. By understanding the distinct impacts of different housing systems, we can work towards improving broiler rearing methods to ensure optimal welfare and production outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hen Honig
- Veterinary Services, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beit Dagan 5025001, Israel; (H.H.)
| | - Amit Haron
- Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, HaMaccabim Road, Rishon Le Zion 7528809, Israel
| | - Liran Plitman
- Veterinary Services, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beit Dagan 5025001, Israel; (H.H.)
| | - Dmitry Lokshtanov
- Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, HaMaccabim Road, Rishon Le Zion 7528809, Israel
| | - Dmitry Shinder
- Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, HaMaccabim Road, Rishon Le Zion 7528809, Israel
| | - Sagit Nagar
- Veterinary Services, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beit Dagan 5025001, Israel; (H.H.)
| | - Tamir Goshen
- Veterinary Services, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beit Dagan 5025001, Israel; (H.H.)
| | - Shelly Druyan
- Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, HaMaccabim Road, Rishon Le Zion 7528809, Israel
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2
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Joseph J, Zhang L, Adhikari P, Evans JD, Ramachandran R. Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) in Broiler Breeders: An Overview. Pathogens 2023; 12:1280. [PMID: 38003745 PMCID: PMC10674223 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12111280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Poultry meat is one of the major animal protein sources necessary to meet the global protein demand. Sustainability in broiler production is the key to achieving its continuous supply, and broiler breeders play a critical role in maintaining this sustainability by providing good quality chicks. Colibacillosis, the disease caused by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC), causes severe economic losses to the poultry industry globally. Moreover, APEC causes an additional burden among broiler breeders, such as a decrease in egg production and mortality among these birds. There is vertical transmission of APEC to the broiler chicks through eggs, resulting in increased first-week mortality and subsequent horizontal transmission at the hatchery. In this regard, the vertical transmission of antibiotic resistance genes is another concern that needs attention. Controlling several diseases in broiler breeders would possibly reduce the first-week mortality in chicks, thereby maintaining the production level. For that, constant monitoring of the bacterial populations is critical. Moreover, amidst the increased antibiotic resistance pattern, more focus on alternative treatment strategies like vaccines, probiotics, and bacteriophages is necessary. Future research focusing on strategies to mitigate APEC in broiler breeders would be one of the finest solutions for sustainable broiler production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiddu Joseph
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA; (J.J.); (L.Z.); (P.A.)
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA; (J.J.); (L.Z.); (P.A.)
| | - Pratima Adhikari
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA; (J.J.); (L.Z.); (P.A.)
| | - Jeffrey D. Evans
- Poultry Research Unit, Agriculture Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA;
| | - Reshma Ramachandran
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA; (J.J.); (L.Z.); (P.A.)
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3
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Akyüz HÇ, Onbaşılar EE. Carcass, visceral organ, and meat quality properties of two broiler hybrids differing in growth rates. Anim Sci J 2023; 94:e13901. [PMID: 38112049 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the carcass, visceral organ, and meat properties according to the sex in slow growing broilers (SGB) and fast growing broilers (FGB). Six broilers from each genotype and sex group were slaughtered every week. It was determined that the difference between SGB and FGB in terms of carcass yield occurred at the highest level at 5 weeks and this difference continued until the age of 10 weeks. The weight percentages of all visceral organs examined in FGB were lower than in SGB. Higher values of pH, lightness, and cooking loss were determined in breast and thigh meat of FGB compared with SGB (P < 0.05). The effects of genotype on protein levels of breast and leg meats were found to be insignificant. The fat level in breast meat was insignificant between genotypes after the fifth week of fattening period. There was no difference between the sexes regarding meat quality in both genotypes. When FGB and SGB were reared under the intensive conditions for 10 weeks, it was observed that visceral organs developed in harmony with body weight, especially in SGB during the 10 weeks of fattening period and SGB maintained their superiority in terms of meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Çapar Akyüz
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Esin Ebru Onbaşılar
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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4
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Marcos S, Parejo M, Estonba A, Alberdi A. Recovering High-Quality Host Genomes from Gut Metagenomic Data through Genotype Imputation. ADVANCED GENETICS (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2022; 3:2100065. [PMID: 36620197 PMCID: PMC9744478 DOI: 10.1002/ggn2.202100065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Metagenomic datasets of host-associated microbial communities often contain host DNA that is usually discarded because the amount of data is too low for accurate host genetic analyses. However, genotype imputation can be employed to reconstruct host genotypes if a reference panel is available. Here, the performance of a two-step strategy is tested to impute genotypes from four types of reference panels built using different strategies to low-depth host genome data (≈2× coverage) recovered from intestinal samples of two chicken genetic lines. First, imputation accuracy is evaluated in 12 samples for which both low- and high-depth sequencing data are available, obtaining high imputation accuracies for all tested panels (>0.90). Second, the impact of reference panel choice in population genetics statistics on 100 chickens is assessed, all four panels yielding comparable results. In light of the observations, the feasibility and application of the applied imputation strategy are discussed for different species with regard to the host DNA proportion, genomic diversity, and availability of a reference panel. This method enables leveraging insofar discarded host DNA to get insights into the genetic structure of host populations, and in doing so, facilitates the implementation of hologenomic approaches that jointly analyze host and microbial genomic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Marcos
- Applied Genomics and BioinformaticsUniversity of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)LeioaBilbao48940Spain
| | - Melanie Parejo
- Applied Genomics and BioinformaticsUniversity of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)LeioaBilbao48940Spain
| | - Andone Estonba
- Applied Genomics and BioinformaticsUniversity of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)LeioaBilbao48940Spain
| | - Antton Alberdi
- Center for Evolutionary HologenomicsGLOBE InstituteUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagen1353Denmark
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Küçüktopcu E, Cemek B, Simsek H, Ni JQ. Computational Fluid Dynamics Modeling of a Broiler House Microclimate in Summer and Winter. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12070867. [PMID: 35405856 PMCID: PMC8997067 DOI: 10.3390/ani12070867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Microclimate conditions in broiler housing are significant for maximizing poultry production and ensuring the welfare of the birds. In the present study, we modeled summer and winter microclimates in a mechanically ventilated broiler house. Validation of the simulated values was accomplished through comparison to field measurements. In visual simulations, the results were used to reconstruct microclimate conditions such as stagnant and stress zones of broiler houses. In conclusion, simulation techniques can be used as an alternative method for analyzing poultry house indoor environments. Abstract Appropriate microclimate conditions in broiler housing are critical for optimizing poultry production and ensuring the health and welfare of the birds. In this study, spatial variabilities of the microclimate in summer and winter seasons in a mechanically ventilated broiler house were modeled using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique. Field measurements of temperature, relative humidity, and airspeeds were conducted in the house to compare the simulated results. The study identified two problems of high temperature in summer, which could result in bird heat stress and stagnant zones in winter, and simulated possible alternative solutions. In summer, if an evaporative cooling pad system was used, a decrease in temperature of approximately 3 °C could be achieved when the mean air temperature rose above 25 °C in the house. In winter, adding four 500-mm circulation fans of 20-m spacing inside the house could eliminate the accumulation of hot and humid air in the stagnant zones in the house. This study demonstrated that CFD is a valuable tool for adequate heating, ventilation, and air conditioning system design in poultry buildings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdem Küçüktopcu
- Department of Agricultural Structures and Irrigation, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun 55139, Turkey;
- Correspondence:
| | - Bilal Cemek
- Department of Agricultural Structures and Irrigation, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun 55139, Turkey;
| | - Halis Simsek
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (H.S.); (J.-Q.N.)
| | - Ji-Qin Ni
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (H.S.); (J.-Q.N.)
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Petry B, Moreira GCM, Copola AGL, de Souza MM, da Veiga FC, Jorge EC, de Oliveira Peixoto J, Ledur MC, Koltes JE, Coutinho LL. SAP30 Gene Is a Probable Regulator of Muscle Hypertrophy in Chickens. Front Genet 2021; 12:709937. [PMID: 34646299 PMCID: PMC8502938 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.709937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals with muscle hypertrophy phenotype are targeted by the broiler industry to increase the meat production and the quality of the final product. Studies characterizing the molecular machinery involved with these processes, such as quantitative trait loci studies, have been carried out identifying several candidate genes related to this trait; however, validation studies of these candidate genes in cell culture is scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate SAP30 as a candidate gene for muscle development and to validate its function in cell culture in vitro. The SAP30 gene was downregulated in C2C12 muscle cell culture using siRNA technology to evaluate its impact on morphometric traits and gene expression by RNA-seq analysis. Modulation of SAP30 expression increased C2C12 myotube area, indicating a role in muscle hypertrophy. RNA-seq analysis identified several upregulated genes annotated in muscle development in treated cells (SAP30-knockdown), corroborating the role of SAP30 gene in muscle development regulation. Here, we provide experimental evidence of the involvement of SAP30 gene as a regulator of muscle cell hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Petry
- Animal Science Department, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | | | - Aline Gonçalves Lio Copola
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda Cristina da Veiga
- Animal Science Department, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Erika Cristina Jorge
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | | | - James E Koltes
- Animal Science Department, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Luiz Lehmann Coutinho
- Animal Science Department, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
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Vandana GD, Sejian V, Lees AM, Pragna P, Silpa MV, Maloney SK. Heat stress and poultry production: impact and amelioration. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2021; 65:163-179. [PMID: 33025116 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-020-02023-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Globally, the poultry industry is gaining significant importance among the agricultural and its allied sectors. However, heat stress was found to negatively affect the poultry production particularly in the tropical regions. This review is therefore an attempt to generate information pertaining to the impacts of heat stress on poultry production and its amelioration. Heat stress reduces the growth, reproductive performance, and egg production in poultry birds. The reduction in productive potential of poultry birds on exposure to heat stress may be attributed to the deviation of energy resources from production to adaptation pathway. There are different approaches pertaining to relieving the adverse impacts of heat stress on poultry production. These approaches can be broadly categorized under genetic, management, and nutritional strategies. These approaches may reduce the negative effects of heat stress and enhance the productive performance of poultry birds. The management strategies include appropriate shelter design, providing shade, using sprinklers, implementing cooling devices, and using fans and ventilation systems. The recommended floor space for mature birds weighing 1.7 kg is 0.06 m2/bird while it is 0.13 m2/bird for the birds weighing 3.5 kg with 27.8 kg/m2 bird density in either case. The nutritional interventions comprise ration balancing and providing essential micronutrients to improve the productive and reproductive performance in poultry birds. Fat, antioxidants, yeast, and electrolyte supplementations are some of the most commonly used nutritional strategies to ensure optimum production in the poultry industry. Furthermore, providing adequate water supply and disease surveillance measures may help to ensure optimum meat and egg production in the birds. The advanced biotechnological tools may aid to identify suitable genetic markers in poultry birds which might help in developing new strains of higher thermo-tolerance by designing suitable breeding program involving marker-assisted selection. These strategies may help to optimize and sustain poultry production in the changing climate scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D Vandana
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560030, India
- Academy of Climate Change Education and Research, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara, Thrissur, Kerala, 680656, India
| | - V Sejian
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560030, India.
- Centre for Climate Resilient Animal Adaptation Studies, National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, 560030, Bangalore, India.
| | - A M Lees
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2350, Australia
| | - P Pragna
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560030, India
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences Dookie Campus, Dookie College, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3647, Australia
| | - M V Silpa
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, 35390, Gießen, Germany
| | - Shane K Maloney
- The School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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8
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Jarrell ZR, Ahammad MU, Sweeney K, Wilson JL, Benson AP. Characterization of sperm-associated antigen 6 expression in the reproductive tract of the domestic rooster (Gallus domesticus) and its impact on sperm mobility. Poult Sci 2020; 99:6188-6195. [PMID: 33142536 PMCID: PMC7647847 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Sperm mobility is a major determinant of sperm quality in the domesticated chicken (Gallus domesticus) and is therefore an area of interest for improving fertility. Sperm-associated antigen 6 (SPAG6) is an important flagellar protein implicated to be necessary for flagellar function but negatively associated with rooster fertility. This study was aimed to characterize the expression of SPAG6 and investigate its utility as a protein biomarker of sperm mobility. By western analysis, relative SPAG6 abundances were compared between the testicular, epididymal, and vasal tissues and in sequentially maturing sperm. Immunocytochemistry techniques were used to detect localization of SPAG6 in chicken sperm. Last, western analysis was used to compare relative SPAG6 abundances in sperm of differing mobility. SPAG6 was found in higher abundance in epididymal tissues and in highest abundance in vasal tissues, relative to that of the testis. SPAG6 was also found to sequentially increase in abundance in maturing sperm. SPAG6 localizes between the axonemal central pair of microtubules in the sperm flagella, but it is also found in lower concentration in the acrosomal region. SPAG6 was not a significant predictor of sperm mobility. SPAG6 abundance, alone, is not a strong predictor of sperm mobility. Its impact on rooster fertility is likely unrelated to its impact on sperm mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z R Jarrell
- The Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - M U Ahammad
- The Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - K Sweeney
- The Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - J L Wilson
- The Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - A P Benson
- The Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA.
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9
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Park I, Oh S, Lillehoj EP, Lillehoj HS. Dietary Supplementation With Magnolia Bark Extract Alters Chicken Intestinal Metabolite Levels. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:157. [PMID: 32266299 PMCID: PMC7105745 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnolia bark extract administered as a dietary supplement to poultry confers a performance and health benefit, but the mechanisms are unknown. Here, a metabolomics approach was used to identify changes in intestinal metabolite levels in chickens fed an unsupplemented diet or a diet supplemented with magnolia bark extract. Total body weight gains of chickens fed magnolia bark-supplemented diets were increased 2% (from 861 to 878 g/chicken), compared with chickens fed an unsupplemented diet. Compared with unsupplemented controls, the levels of 278 intestinal biochemicals (metabolites) were altered (165 increased, 113 decreased) in chickens given the magnolia-supplemented diet. Data for biochemicals of intestinal contents of chickens fed the unsupplemented diet clustered on the left side of the PCA score plot, while those of the magnolia-supplemented diet were separated and clustered on the right side. The biochemicals included changes in the levels of amino acids, fatty acids, peptides, and nucleosides, which provided a distinctive biochemical signature unique to the magnolia-supplemented group, compared with the unsupplemented group. These results provide the foundation for future studies to identify naturally-produced biochemicals that might be used to improve poultry growth performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inkyung Park
- Animal Bioscience and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Sungtaek Oh
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Erik P Lillehoj
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Hyun S Lillehoj
- Animal Bioscience and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States
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10
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Health performance and blood profile changes in commercial broilers supplemented with dietary monocalcium phosphate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00580-019-03085-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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11
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Schallier S, Li C, Lesuisse J, Janssens GPJ, Everaert N, Buyse J. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry is a reliable non-invasive technique for determining whole body composition of chickens. Poult Sci 2019; 98:2652-2661. [PMID: 30839076 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a Lunar Prodigy dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scanner was validated as a technique to estimate chicken body composition in a non-invasive way. Former research has emphasized the importance of validation of every scanner and software version. In a first trial, DEXA estimated body composition for broilers was correlated with chemical carcass analysis to develop prediction equations. As such, those equations can be used in later experiments with chickens to correct DEXA estimations to estimate body composition accurately by DEXA. DEXA estimated fat mass, lean tissue mass, bone mineral content (BMC) and total body mass, which is the sum of fat, lean mass and BMC, were compared to chemically analyzed crude fat, lean mass as the sum of protein and water and body ash content and scale body weight, respectively. Those regression equations were then used in a second trial to determine body composition based upon DEXA for breeders at different ages. In this experiment, fat and lean tissue determined by DEXA, were compared to dissection parameters commonly used for assessing carcass quality, namely breast muscle and abdominal fat. The first trial showed that DEXA provides high correlations for body mass (ρ = 1) and the individual tissue masses separately (ρ ranging between 0.98 and 1). These high correlations allow for accurate prediction of those components with the developed regression equations. Proportional fat and lean tissue were correlated with their chemical counterparts, however, to a lower extent than absolute values due to lower variation between the proportional weights. BMC percentage was not significantly correlated with ash percentage. Furthermore, in trial 2 high correlations were observed between dissection parameters and DEXA-corrected estimations. These correlations show that DEXA can assess carcass quality in breeders without sacrificing the birds. In conclusion, DEXA is a reliable technique to estimate breeder and broiler body composition in a non-invasive way, hence allowing for longitudinal studies over longer periods of time while avoiding sacrificing of birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Schallier
- Department of Biosystems, Laboratory of Livestock physiology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - C Li
- Department of Biosystems, Laboratory of Livestock physiology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - J Lesuisse
- Department of Biosystems, Laboratory of Livestock physiology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - G P J Janssens
- Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Ghent University, Heidestraat 19, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - N Everaert
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés, 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - J Buyse
- Department of Biosystems, Laboratory of Livestock physiology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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12
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Dong JQ, Zhang XY, Wang SZ, Jiang XF, Zhang K, Ma GW, Wu MQ, Li H, Zhang H. Construction of multiple linear regression models using blood biomarkers for selecting against abdominal fat traits in broilers. Poult Sci 2018; 97:17-23. [PMID: 29121351 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasma very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) can be used to select for low body fat or abdominal fat (AF) in broilers, but its correlation with AF is limited. We investigated whether any other biochemical indicator can be used in combination with VLDL for a better selective effect. Nineteen plasma biochemical indicators were measured in male chickens from the Northeast Agricultural University broiler lines divergently selected for AF content (NEAUHLF) in the fed state at 46 and 48 d of age. The average concentration of every parameter for the 2 d was used for statistical analysis. Levels of these 19 plasma biochemical parameters were compared between the lean and fat lines. The phenotypic correlations between these plasma biochemical indicators and AF traits were analyzed. Then, multiple linear regression models were constructed to select the best model used for selecting against AF content. and the heritabilities of plasma indicators contained in the best models were estimated. The results showed that 11 plasma biochemical indicators (triglycerides, total bile acid, total protein, globulin, albumin/globulin, aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, uric acid, creatinine, and VLDL) differed significantly between the lean and fat lines (P < 0.01), and correlated significantly with AF traits (P < 0.05). The best multiple linear regression models based on albumin/globulin, VLDL, triglycerides, globulin, total bile acid, and uric acid, had higher R2 (0.73) than the model based only on VLDL (0.21). The plasma parameters included in the best models had moderate heritability estimates (0.21 ≤ h2 ≤ 0.43). These results indicate that these multiple linear regression models can be used to select for lean broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Q Dong
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China.,Institute of Animal Science of Heilongjiang Province, Qiqihar 161005, P. R. China
| | - X Y Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - S Z Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - X F Jiang
- The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - K Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - G W Ma
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - M Q Wu
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - H Li
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - H Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
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Oh S, Gadde UD, Bravo D, Lillehoj EP, Lillehoj HS. Growth-Promoting and Antioxidant Effects of Magnolia Bark Extract in Chickens Uninfected or Co-Infected with Clostridium perfringens and Eimeria maxima as an Experimental Model of Necrotic Enteritis. Curr Dev Nutr 2018; 2:nzy009. [PMID: 30019032 PMCID: PMC6041942 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzy009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnolia tree bark has been widely used in traditional Asian medicine. However, to our knowledge, no studies have been reported investigating the effects of dietary supplementation with magnolia bark extract in chickens. OBJECTIVE We tested the hypothesis that dietary supplementation of chickens with a Magnolia officinalis bark extract would increase growth performance in uninfected and Eimeria maxima/Clostridium perfringens co-infected chickens. METHODS A total of 168 chickens were fed from hatch either a standard diet or a diet supplemented with 0.33 mg or 0.56 mg M. officinalis bark extract/kg (M/H low or M/H high, respectively) from days 1 to 35. At day 14, half of the chickens were orally infected with E. maxima, followed by C. perfringens infection at day 18 to induce experimental avian necrotic enteritis. Daily feed intake, feed conversion ratio, body weight gain, and final body weight were measured as indicators of growth performance. Serum α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) concentrations were measured as an indicator of systemic inflammation, and intestinal lesion scores were determined as a marker of disease progression. Transcript levels for catalase, heme oxygenase 1, and superoxide dismutase in the intestine, liver, spleen, and skeletal muscle were measured as indicators of antioxidant status. RESULTS Growth performance increased between days 1 and 35 in uninfected and E. maxima/C. perfringens co-infected chickens fed M/H-low or M/H-high diets compared with unsupplemented controls. Gut lesion scores were decreased, whereas AGP concentrations were unchanged, in co-infected chickens fed magnolia-supplemented diets compared with unsupplemented controls. In general, transcripts for antioxidant enzymes increased in chickens fed magnolia-supplemented diets compared with unsupplemented controls, and significant interactions between dietary supplementation and co-infection were observed for all antioxidant enzyme transcript levels. CONCLUSION Magnolia bark extract might be useful for future development of dietary strategies to improve poultry health, disease resistance, and productivity without the use of antibiotic growth promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungtaek Oh
- Animal Bioscience and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD
| | - Ujvala Deepthi Gadde
- Animal Bioscience and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD
| | | | - Erik P Lillehoj
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Hyun S Lillehoj
- Animal Bioscience and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD
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Lesuisse J, Li C, Schallier S, Leblois J, Everaert N, Buyse J. Feeding broiler breeders a reduced balanced protein diet during the rearing and laying period impairs reproductive performance but enhances broiler offspring performance. Poult Sci 2017; 96:3949-3959. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Gholami M, Seidavi A, O'Shea CJ, Akter Y, Dadashbeiki M, Bahar B. Feeding regimen of breeder broiler hen influences growth performance of the broiler chickens. Livest Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Marchini CFP, Café MB, Araújo EG, Nascimiento MRBM. Physiology, cell dynamics of small intestinal mucosa, and performance of broiler chickens under heat stress: a review. REV COLOMB CIENC PEC 2016. [DOI: 10.17533/udea.rccp.v29n3a01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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17
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Fu W, Lee WR, Abasht B. Detection of genomic signatures of recent selection in commercial broiler chickens. BMC Genet 2016; 17:122. [PMID: 27565946 PMCID: PMC5002100 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-016-0430-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Identification of the genomic signatures of recent selection may help uncover causal polymorphisms controlling traits relevant to recent decades of selective breeding in livestock. In this study, we aimed at detecting signatures of recent selection in commercial broiler chickens using genotype information from single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). A total of 565 chickens from five commercial purebred lines, including three broiler sire (male) lines and two broiler dam (female) lines, were genotyped using the 60K SNP Illumina iSelect chicken array. To detect genomic signatures of recent selection, we applied two methods based on population comparison, cross-population extended haplotype homozygosity (XP-EHH) and cross-population composite likelihood ratio (XP-CLR), and further analyzed the results to find genomic regions under recent selection in multiple purebred lines. Results A total of 321 candidate selection regions spanning approximately 1.45 % of the chicken genome in each line were detected by consensus of results of both XP-EHH and XP-CLR methods. To minimize false discovery due to genetic drift, only 42 of the candidate selection regions that were shared by 2 or more purebred lines were considered as high-confidence selection regions in the study. Of these 42 regions, 20 were 50 kb or less while 4 regions were larger than 0.5 Mb. In total, 91 genes could be found in the 42 regions, among which 19 regions contained only 1 or 2 genes, and 9 regions were located at gene deserts. Conclusions Our results provide a genome-wide scan of recent selection signatures in five purebred lines of commercial broiler chickens. We found several candidate genes for recent selection in multiple lines, such as SOX6 (Sex Determining Region Y-Box 6) and cTR (Thyroid hormone receptor beta). These genes may have been under recent selection due to their essential roles in growth, development and reproduction in chickens. Furthermore, our results suggest that in some candidate regions, the same or opposite alleles have been under recent selection in multiple lines. Most of the candidate genes in the selection regions are novel, and as such they should be of great interest for future research into the genetic architecture of traits relevant to modern broiler breeding. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12863-016-0430-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixuan Fu
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | | | - Behnam Abasht
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.
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MICHALCZUK M, JÓŹWIK A, DAMAZIAK K, ZDANOWSKA-SĄSIADEK Ż, MARZEC A, GOZDOWSKI D, STRZAŁKOWSKA N. Age-related changes in the growth performance, meat quality, and oxidativeprocesses in breast muscles of three chicken genotypes. TURKISH JOURNAL OF VETERINARY & ANIMAL SCIENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.3906/vet-1502-64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Modelling Growth Curves in a Nondescript Italian Chicken Breed: an Opportunity to Improve Genetic and Feeding Strategies. J Poult Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.0150048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Yosipovich R, Aizenshtein E, Shadmon R, Krispel S, Shuster E, Pitcovski J. Overcoming the susceptibility gap between maternal antibody disappearance and auto-antibody production. Vaccine 2014; 33:472-8. [PMID: 25444785 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In the first 10-14 days of a chick's life, protection is conferred by maternal antibodies. Further broiler protection is achieved by active vaccination. However, the high level of maternal antibodies interferes with the induction of an effective immune response by vaccination at a young age. As a result, there is a gap between the reduction in protective maternal antibodies and elevation of self-produced antibodies following active vaccination. The major aim of this study was to test an approach consisting of passive and active vaccination to overcome this gap and to provide continuous resistance to infectious viral diseases during the broiler's growth period. Newcastle disease virus (NDV), which is one of the world's most prevalent infectious diseases of poultry, was tested as a model. Following subcutaneous injection of 18 hemagglutination-inhibiting (HI) units of anti-NDV immunoglobulin Y per 1-day-old chick, protective log2 antibody titers above 4 could be detected to at least 17 days of age. The combination of passive immunization on day 1 of age with attenuated live vaccination on day 10 led to high protective titers throughout the entire growth period, up to 41 days of age. Moreover, the HI titers in the group of birds immunized with the combined vaccination were significantly more homogeneous than those in the group vaccinated only with live virus. Thus, full protection against NDV of all broilers in flock during their entire growth period was achieved by a vaccination regime that combines passive immunization and live vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roni Yosipovich
- MIGAL - Galilee Technology Center, P.O. Box 831, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel
| | - Elina Aizenshtein
- MIGAL - Galilee Technology Center, P.O. Box 831, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel
| | - Roy Shadmon
- MIGAL - Galilee Technology Center, P.O. Box 831, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel
| | - Simcha Krispel
- MIGAL - Galilee Technology Center, P.O. Box 831, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel
| | - Efrat Shuster
- MIGAL - Galilee Technology Center, P.O. Box 831, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel
| | - Jacob Pitcovski
- MIGAL - Galilee Technology Center, P.O. Box 831, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel; Department of Biotechnology, Tel-Hai Academic College, Israel.
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Rizzi C, Contiero B, Cassandro M. Growth patterns of Italian local chicken populations. Poult Sci 2013; 92:2226-35. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2012-02825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Maroufyan E, Kasim A, Ebrahimi M, Loh T, Hair-Bejo M, Soleimani A. Dietary methionine and n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio reduce adverse effects of infectious bursal disease in broilers. Poult Sci 2012; 91:2173-82. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2012-02317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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