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Koelbel M, Hamdule S, Kirkham FJ, Stotesbury H, Hood AM, Dimitriou D. Mind the gap: trajectory of cognitive development in young individuals with sickle cell disease: a cross-sectional study. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1087054. [PMID: 37560456 PMCID: PMC10408298 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1087054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Compared to typically developing children and young adults (CYA-TD), those living with Sickle Cell Disease (CYA-SCD) experience more cognitive difficulties, particularly with executive function. Few studies have examined the relative importance of silent cerebral infarction (SCI), haemoglobin and arterial oxygen content on age-related cognitive changes using cross-sectional or longitudinal (developmental trajectory) data. This study presents cohort data from a single timepoint to inform studies with multiple timepoints. METHODS We compared cross-sectional raw and scaled scores as age-related changes in cognition (trajectories) in CYA-SCD and age-and ethnicity-matched CYA-TD. We also compared cross-sectional age-related changes in cognition (trajectories) in CYA-SCD with and without SCI to CYA-TD. General cognitive abilities were assessed using Wechsler Intelligence Scales, including the Verbal Comprehension Index (VCI) and Perceptual Reasoning Index (PRI) underpinning IQ. Executive function was evaluated using the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS) Tower subtest and the Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) questionnaire. SCI were identified from contemporaneous 3 T MRI; participants with overt stroke were excluded. Recent haemoglobin was available and oxygen saturation (SpO2) was measured on the day of the MRI. RESULTS Data were available for 120 CYA-SCD [62 male; age = 16.78 ± 4.79 years; 42 (35%) with SCI] and 53 CYA-TD (23 male; age = 17.36 ± 5.16). Compared with CYA-TD, CYA-SCD experienced a delayed onset in VCI and slower rate of development for BRIEF Global Executive Composite, Metacognition Index (MI), and Behaviour Regulation Index. The rate of executive function development for the BRIEF MI differed significantly between CYA-TD and CYA-SCD, with those with SCI showing a 26% delay compared with CYA-TD. For CYA-SCD with SCI, arterial oxygen content explained 22% of the variance in VCI and 37% in PRI, while haemoglobin explained 29% of the variance in PRI. CONCLUSION Age-related cognitive trajectories of CYA-SCD may not be impaired but may progress more slowly. Longitudinal studies are required, using tests unaffected by practice. In addition to initiation of medical treatment, including measures to improve arterial oxygen content, early cognitive intervention, educational support, and delivery of extracurricular activities could support cognitive development for CYA-SCD.Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Koelbel
- Developmental Neurosciences Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
- Sleep Education and Research Laboratory, UCL Institute of Education, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shifa Hamdule
- Developmental Neurosciences Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fenella J. Kirkham
- Developmental Neurosciences Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Hanne Stotesbury
- Developmental Neurosciences Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Marie Hood
- Developmental Neurosciences Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Dagmara Dimitriou
- Sleep Education and Research Laboratory, UCL Institute of Education, London, United Kingdom
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Provenzi L, Bussu G, Riva V. Editorial: Risk and protective factors, family environment and (a)typical neurodevelopmental outcomes. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1221338. [PMID: 37408973 PMCID: PMC10319110 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1221338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Livio Provenzi
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Developmental Psychobiology Lab, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giorgia Bussu
- Development and Neurodiversity Lab, Developmental Psychology Division, Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Valentina Riva
- Child Psychopathology Unit, Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea, Lecco, Italy
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McCarty TV, Miller CA. Reason-Based Recommendations From a Developmental Systems Approach for Students With Needs Across Functional Domains. Lang Speech Hear Serv Sch 2023:1-10. [PMID: 37059086 DOI: 10.1044/2023_lshss-22-00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This tutorial aims to introduce school-based speech-language pathologists (SLPs) to developmental systems theory as a framework for considering interactions across functional domains, such as language, vision, and motor, for students with complex needs. METHOD This tutorial summarizes the current literature on developmental systems theory in its application to working with students who have needs in multiple domains of functioning in addition to communication. A hypothetical case of a student, James, with cerebral palsy, cortical visual impairment, and complex communication needs, is presented to illustrate the primary tenets of the theory. RESULTS Specific reason-based recommendations are presented that SLPs can put to practice with their own caseload in direct response to the three tenets of developmental systems theory. CONCLUSIONS A developmental systems approach will be useful in expanding SLP knowledge of where to begin and how to best serve children with language, motor, vision, and other concomitant needs. The tenets, including sampling, context dependency, and interdependency, and the application of developmental systems theory can be instrumental in providing a way forward for SLPs struggling with the assessment and intervention of students with complex needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara V McCarty
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park
| | - Carol A Miller
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park
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Kiani M, Andreu-Perez J, Hagras H, Rigato S, Filippetti ML. Towards Understanding Human Functional Brain Development With Explainable Artificial Intelligence: Challenges and Perspectives. IEEE COMPUT INTELL M 2022. [DOI: 10.1109/mci.2021.3129956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Binney RJ, Ramsey R. Social Semantics: The role of conceptual knowledge and cognitive control in a neurobiological model of the social brain. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 112:28-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Hernandez AE, Claussenius-Kalman HL, Ronderos J, Castilla-Earls AP, Sun L, Weiss SD, Young DR. Neuroemergentism: A Framework for Studying Cognition and the Brain. JOURNAL OF NEUROLINGUISTICS 2019; 49:214-223. [PMID: 30636843 PMCID: PMC6326375 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroling.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
There has been virtual explosion of studies published in cognitive neuroscience primarily due to increased accessibility to neuroimaging methods, which has led to different approaches in interpretation. This review seeks to synthesize both developmental approaches and more recent views that consider neuroimaging. The ways in which Neuronal Recycling, Neural Reuse, and Language as Shaped by the Brain perspectives seek to clarify the brain bases of cognition will be addressed. Neuroconstructivism as an additional explanatory framework which seeks to bind brain and cognition to development will also be presented. Despite sharing similar goals, the four approaches to understanding how the brain is related to cognition have generally been considered separately. However, we propose that all four perspectives argue for a form of Emergentism in which combinations of smaller elements can lead to a greater whole. This discussion seeks to provide a synthesis of these approaches that leads to the emergence of a theory itself. We term this new synthesis Neurocomputational Emergentism (or Neuromergentism for short).
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Neurocomputational Emergentism as a Framework for Language Development. PSYCHOLOGY OF LEARNING AND MOTIVATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.plm.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Waddington JL, Katina S, O'Tuathaigh CMP, Bowman AW. Translational Genetic Modelling of 3D Craniofacial Dysmorphology: Elaborating the Facial Phenotype of Neurodevelopmental Disorders Through the "Prism" of Schizophrenia. Curr Behav Neurosci Rep 2017; 4:322-330. [PMID: 29201594 PMCID: PMC5694503 DOI: 10.1007/s40473-017-0136-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review In the context of human developmental conditions, we review the conceptualisation of schizophrenia as a neurodevelopmental disorder, the status of craniofacial dysmorphology as a clinically accessible index of brain dysmorphogenesis, the ability of genetically modified mouse models of craniofacial dysmorphology to inform on the underlying dysmorphogenic process and how geometric morphometric techniques in mutant mice can extend quantitative analysis. Recent Findings Mutant mice with disruption of neuregulin-1, a gene associated meta-analytically with risk for schizophrenia, constitute proof-of-concept studies of murine facial dysmorphology in a manner analogous to clinical studies in schizophrenia. Geometric morphometric techniques informed on the topography of facial dysmorphology and identified asymmetry therein. Summary Targeted disruption in mice of genes involved in individual components of developmental processes and analysis of resultant facial dysmorphology using geometric morphometrics can inform on mechanisms of dysmorphogenesis at levels of incisiveness not possible in human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L Waddington
- Molecular & Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research & Therapy for Neuro-Psychiatric-Disorders and Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123 China
| | - Stanislav Katina
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK.,Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | - Adrian W Bowman
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
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D'Souza D, D'Souza H, Karmiloff-Smith A. Precursors to language development in typically and atypically developing infants and toddlers: the importance of embracing complexity. JOURNAL OF CHILD LANGUAGE 2017; 44:591-627. [PMID: 28393740 DOI: 10.1017/s030500091700006x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In order to understand how language abilities emerge in typically and atypically developing infants and toddlers, it is important to embrace complexity in development. In this paper, we describe evidence that early language development is an experience-dependent process, shaped by diverse, interconnected, interdependent developmental mechanisms, processes, and abilities (e.g. statistical learning, sampling, functional specialization, visual attention, social interaction, motor ability). We also present evidence from our studies on neurodevelopmental disorders (e.g. Down syndrome, fragile X syndrome, Williams syndrome) that variations in these factors significantly contribute to language delay. Finally, we discuss how embracing complexity, which involves integrating data from different domains and levels of description across developmental time, may lead to a better understanding of language development and, critically, lead to more effective interventions for cases when language develops atypically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean D'Souza
- Centre for Brain & Cognitive Development,Birkbeck,University of London,London,UK, andUCL Institute of Education,University College London,London,UK
| | - Hana D'Souza
- Centre for Brain & Cognitive Development,Birkbeck,University of London,London,UK, andLondon Down Syndrome Consortium,University College London,London,UK
| | - Annette Karmiloff-Smith
- Centre for Brain & Cognitive Development,Birkbeck,University of London,London,UK, andLondon Down Syndrome Consortium,University College London,London,UK
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