1
|
Durand‐Bessart C, Cordeiro NJ, Chapman CA, Abernethy K, Forget P, Fontaine C, Bretagnolle F. Trait matching and sampling effort shape the structure of the frugivory network in Afrotropical forests. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:1446-1462. [PMID: 36377098 PMCID: PMC10108259 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Frugivory in tropical forests is a major ecological process as most tree species rely on frugivores to disperse their seeds. However, the underlying mechanisms driving frugivore-plant networks remain understudied. Here, we evaluate the data available on the Afrotropical frugivory network to identify structural properties, as well as assess knowledge gaps. We assembled a database of frugivory interactions from the literature with > 10 000 links, between 807 tree and 285 frugivore species. We analysed the network structure using a block model that groups species with similar interaction patterns and estimates interaction probabilities among them. We investigated the species traits related to this grouping structure. This frugivory network was simplified into 14 tree and 14 frugivore blocks. The block structure depended on the sampling effort among species: Large mammals were better-studied, while smaller frugivores were the least studied. Species traits related to frugivory were strong predictors of the species composition of blocks and interactions among them. Fruits from larger trees were consumed by most frugivores, and large frugivores had higher probabilities to consume larger fruits. To conclude, this large-scale frugivory network was mainly structured by species traits involved in frugivory, and as expected by the distribution areas of species, while still being limited by sampling incompleteness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clémentine Durand‐Bessart
- Biogeosciences, UMR 6282Université Bourgogne Franche Comte‐CNRS21000DijonFrance
- Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la ConservationCESCO, UMR 7204, MNHN‐CNRS‐SU75005ParisFrance
| | - Norbert J. Cordeiro
- Department of Biology (mc WB 816)Roosevelt University430 S. Michigan AvenueChicagoIL60605USA
- Science & EducationThe Field Museum1400 S. Lake Shore DriveChicagoIL60605USA
| | - Colin A. Chapman
- Wilson Center1300 Pennsylvania Avenue NWWashingtonDC20004USA
- Department of AnthropologyCenter for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, The George Washington UniversityWashingtonDC20037USA
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of KwaZulu‐NatalScottsville3201PietermaritzburgSouth Africa
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal ConservationNorthwest University710069Xi'anChina
| | - Katharine Abernethy
- African Forest Ecology Group, School of Natural SciencesUniversity of StirlingStirlingFK9 4LAUK
- Institut de Recherches en Ecologie TropicaleCENARESTGros Bouquet2144LibrevilleGabon
| | - Pierre‐Michel Forget
- Muséum National d'Histoire NaturelleUMR 7179 MECADEV CNRS‐MNHN1 Avenue du Petit Château91800BrunoyFrance
| | - Colin Fontaine
- Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la ConservationCESCO, UMR 7204, MNHN‐CNRS‐SU75005ParisFrance
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Esaete J, Muwanika VB, Musiba R, Mawa C, Tabuti JRS. Understorey Seedling Bank in Forest Areas with a Differing Period of Recovery in Mabira Central Forest Reserve, South Central Uganda. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 71:159-169. [PMID: 35385979 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-022-01637-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Seedling banks are very important in forest regeneration following forest disturbances such as crop cultivation. In 2011 and 2013 the Uganda National Forestry Authority (NFA) evicted encroachers from parts of Mabira Central Forest Reserve that had been under crop cultivation for over 40 years. This gave an opportunity for the vegetation to recover. In this study, we assessed the recovery process based on seedling bank diversity, richness and density in three blocks differing in recovery time. Two disturbed blocks, the Western Block (WB) (abandoned by encroachers 1-3 years), and the Eastern Block (EB) (abandoned 4-5 years) before this study and a nearby undisturbed area (intact) were included in the study. We recorded 48 seedlings species; 37 in WB, 30 in EB and 27 in intact. Differences in species richness were not statistically significant among blocks (F2, 88 = 1.2420, p = 0.294). All seedling species found in the intact were found in the EB and WB. There were statistically significant differences in species diversity (Shannon-Wiener: F2, 88 = 5.354, p = 0.006), density (P < 0.001) and composition (ANOSIM; R = 0.55, p = 0.001) among blocks. Apart from Broussonetia papyrifera, other species contributing to the dissimilarity (Acalypha neptunica, Antiaris toxicaria, Blighia unijugata, Funtumia elastica were late succession species. Animal dispersed species dominated intact. Seed-regenerating species were found in both WB and EB, but re-sprouts were more common in EB. These results show that proximity to intact forest aids forest recovery, even for areas with long-term cultivation history.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Esaete
- Department of Science, Technical and Vocational Education, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Vincent B Muwanika
- Department of Environmental Management, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Rogers Musiba
- Department of Environmental Management, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Christopher Mawa
- Department of Extension and Innovation Studies, School of Agricultural Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - John R S Tabuti
- Department of Environmental Management, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
de Visser M, Prins E, Bosse M, Crooijmans R, Ter Meulen T. Maximum longevity and juvenile mortality in zoo-housed mangabeys. Zoo Biol 2022; 41:522-532. [PMID: 35365901 PMCID: PMC10084074 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.21690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the biology of grey-cheeked and black crested mangabeys (Lophocebus albigena and Lophocebus aterrimus, respectively). As these primates face threats in the wild, well-monitored zoo-housed populations with up to date registries are becoming increasingly valuable to acquire species knowledge and to support conservation efforts. We used international studbooks to extract demographic and genetic information on 519 mangabeys to investigate how life history and parent-related variables influence maximum longevity and juvenile mortality. Generalized linear mixed models, as well as survival analyses, were applied. Results showed that females lived significantly longer than males, which is not uncommon in primates. Furthermore, our results indicated that the maximum longevity is lower for individuals living in European zoos versus individuals from North American zoos, which may be due to a combination of environmental differences and potential founder effects. We also show that the maternal maximum longevity is positively related to the maximum longevity of the offspring, which may be explained by the inheritance of "good genes". However, the age of the mother at the moment of birth was negatively related to the maximum longevity of the offspring, which contradicts literature that states that, in primates, more experienced and thus older mothers will raise their offspring better than less experienced mothers. Instead, it is more likely that an "optimal age range" exists for breeding mothers. Our study provides insights into the population biology of captive mangabeys and may be helpful for identifying future research priorities to optimize primate health and welfare directly ex situ, and indirectly in situ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manon de Visser
- Wageningen University & Research, Animal Breeding and Genomics, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,GaiaZOO, Kerkrade, The Netherlands.,Evolution & Biodiversity, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Mirte Bosse
- Wageningen University & Research, Animal Breeding and Genomics, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Richard Crooijmans
- Wageningen University & Research, Animal Breeding and Genomics, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tongkok S, He X, Alcantara MJM, Saralamba C, Nathalang A, Chanthorn W, Brockelman WY, Lin L. Composition of frugivores of Baccaurea ramiflora (Phyllanthaceae) and effects of environmental factors on frugivory in two tropical forests of China and Thailand. Glob Ecol Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
|
5
|
Aliyu B, Thia JA, Moltchanova E, Forget PM, Chapman HM. Forest disturbance and seasonal food availability influence a conditional seed dispersal mutualism. Biotropica 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Babale Aliyu
- Department of Biological Sciences; Gombe State University; Tudan Wada Street Gombe Gombe State Nigeria
| | - Joshua A. Thia
- School of Biological Sciences; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Qld 4072 Australia
| | - Elena Moltchanova
- School of Mathematics and Statistics; University of Canterbury; PB 4800 Christchurch New Zealand
| | - Pierre-Michel Forget
- UMR 7179 MECADEV CNRS-MNHN; Département Adaptations du vivant; Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle; 1 avenue du Petit Château 91800 Brunoy France
| | - Hazel M. Chapman
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Canterbury; PB 4800 Christchurch New Zealand
- Nigerian Montane Forest Project; Yelwa Village Taraba State Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tosso F, Cherchye G, Hardy OJ, Daïnou K, Lognay G, Tagg N, Haurez B, Souza A, Heuskin S, Doucet JL. Characterization of animal communities involved in seed dispersal and predation of Guibourtia tessmannii
(Harms) J.Léonard, a species newly listed on Appendix II of CITES. Afr J Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/aje.12480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Félicien Tosso
- TERRA Teaching and Research Centre; Central African Forests; Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech; University of Liège; Gembloux Belgium
- Evolutionary Biology and Ecology Unit; CP 160/12; Faculté des Sciences; Université Libre de Bruxelles; Brussels Belgium
| | - Gauthier Cherchye
- TERRA Teaching and Research Centre; Central African Forests; Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech; University of Liège; Gembloux Belgium
| | - Olivier J. Hardy
- Evolutionary Biology and Ecology Unit; CP 160/12; Faculté des Sciences; Université Libre de Bruxelles; Brussels Belgium
| | | | - Georges Lognay
- Analytical Chemistry; Department Agro-Bio Chemistry; Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech; University of Liège; Gembloux Belgium
| | - Nikki Tagg
- Centre for Research and Conservation; Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp (RZSA); Antwerp Belgium
| | - Barbara Haurez
- TERRA Teaching and Research Centre; Central African Forests; Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech; University of Liège; Gembloux Belgium
- Nature+ asbl; Wavre Belgium
| | - Alain Souza
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Animale; Electrophysiologie et de Pharmacologie; Faculté des Sciences; Université des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku; Franceville Gabon
| | - Stéphanie Heuskin
- Analytical Chemistry; Department Agro-Bio Chemistry; Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech; University of Liège; Gembloux Belgium
| | - Jean-Louis Doucet
- TERRA Teaching and Research Centre; Central African Forests; Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech; University of Liège; Gembloux Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Remmers W, Gameiro J, Schaberl I, Clausnitzer V. Elephant (Loxodonta africana) footprints as habitat for aquatic macroinvertebrate communities in Kibale National Park, south-west Uganda. Afr J Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/aje.12358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfram Remmers
- University of Koblenz-Landau; Universitaetsstr. 1 56070 Koblenz Germany
| | - João Gameiro
- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa; 1749-016 Campo Grande Lisboa Portugal
| | | | - Viola Clausnitzer
- Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz; Am Museum 1 02826 Görlitz Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Thia JA, Hale ML, Stouffer DB, Chapman HM. Limited dispersal into appropriate microhabitats likely explains recruitment failure in a chimpanzee-dependent tree species. Afr J Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/aje.12257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A. Thia
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Queensland; Brisbane Qld 4072 Australia
| | - Marie L. Hale
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Canterbury; PB 4800 Christchurch New Zealand
| | - Daniel B. Stouffer
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Canterbury; PB 4800 Christchurch New Zealand
- Centre for Integrative Ecology; School of Biological Sciences; University of Canterbury; PB 4800 Christchurch New Zealand
| | - Hazel M. Chapman
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Canterbury; PB 4800 Christchurch New Zealand
- Nigerian Montane Forest Project; Yelwa Taraba State Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Variable gene dispersal conditions and spatial deforestation patterns can interact to affect tropical tree conservation outcomes. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127745. [PMID: 26000951 PMCID: PMC4441416 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tropical lowland rain forest (TLRF) biodiversity is under threat from anthropogenic factors including deforestation which creates forest fragments of different sizes that can further undergo various internal patterns of logging. Such interventions can modify previous equilibrium abundance and spatial distribution patterns of offspring recruitment and/or pollen dispersal. Little is known about how these aspects of deforestation and fragmentation might synergistically affect TLRF tree recovery demographics and population genetics in newly formed forest fragments. To investigate these TLRF anthropogenic disturbance processes we used the computer program NEWGARDEN (NG), which models spatially-explicit, individual-based plant populations, to simulate 10% deforestation in six different spatial logging patterns for the plant functional type of a long-lived TLRF canopy tree species. Further, each logging pattern was analyzed under nine varying patterns of offspring versus pollen dispersal distances that could have arisen post-fragmentation. Results indicated that gene dispersal condition (especially via offspring) had a greater effect on population growth and genetic diversity retention (explaining 98.5% and 88.8% of the variance respectively) than spatial logging pattern (0.2% and 4.7% respectively), with ‘Near’ distance dispersal maximizing population growth and genetic diversity relative to distant dispersal. Within logged regions of the fragment, deforestation patterns closer to fragment borders more often exhibited lower population recovery rates and founding genetic diversity retention relative to more centrally located logging. These results suggest newly isolated fragments have populations that are more sensitive to the way in which their offspring and pollen dispersers are affected than the spatial pattern in which subsequent logging occurs, and that large variation in the recovery rates of different TLRF tree species attributable to altered gene dispersal regimens will be a likely outcome of fragmentation. Conservation implications include possible manual interventions (manual manipulations of offspring dispersers and/or pollinators) in forest fragments to increase population recovery and genetic diversity retention.
Collapse
|
10
|
Beckman NG, Rogers HS. Consequences of Seed Dispersal for Plant Recruitment in Tropical Forests: Interactions Within the Seedscape. Biotropica 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Noelle G. Beckman
- Mathematical Biosciences Institute; The Ohio State University; 1735 Neil Avenue Columbus OH 43210 U.S.A
| | - Haldre S. Rogers
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Rice University; MS170 Houston TX 77005 U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Moupela C, Doucet JL, Daïnou K, Tagg N, Bourland N, Vermeulen C. Dispersal and predation of diaspores ofCoula edulisBaill. in an evergreen forest of Gabon. Afr J Ecol 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/aje.12089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Moupela
- University of Science and Technology of Masuku; B.P. 941 Franceville Gabon
- Unit of Forest and Nature Management, Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Forestry; University of Liege; Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech; Passage des Déportés 2 5030 Gembloux Belgium
| | - Jean-Louis Doucet
- Unit of Forest and Nature Management, Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Forestry; University of Liege; Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech; Passage des Déportés 2 5030 Gembloux Belgium
| | - Kasso Daïnou
- Unit of Forest and Nature Management, Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Forestry; University of Liege; Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech; Passage des Déportés 2 5030 Gembloux Belgium
| | - Nikki Tagg
- Centre for Research and Conservation; Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp; 26 Koningin Astridplein 2018 Antwerpen Belgium
| | - Nils Bourland
- Unit of Forest and Nature Management, Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Forestry; University of Liege; Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech; Passage des Déportés 2 5030 Gembloux Belgium
| | - Cédric Vermeulen
- Unit of Forest and Nature Management, Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Forestry; University of Liege; Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech; Passage des Déportés 2 5030 Gembloux Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Culliney S, Pejchar L, Switzer R, Ruiz-Gutierrez V. Seed dispersal by a captive corvid: the role of the 'Alalā (Corvus hawaiiensis) in shaping Hawai'i's plant communities. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2012; 22:1718-1732. [PMID: 23092010 DOI: 10.1890/11-1613.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Species loss can lead to cascading effects on communities, including the disruption of ecological processes such as seed dispersal. The endangered 'Alalā (Corvus hawaiiensis), the largest remaining species of native Hawaiian forest bird, was once common in mesic and dry forests on the Big Island of Hawai'i, but today it exists solely in captivity. Prior to its extinction in the wild, the 'Alalā may have helped to establish and maintain native Hawaiian forest communities by dispersing seeds of a wide variety of native plants. In the absence of 'Alalā, the structure and composition of Hawai'i's forests may be changing, and some large-fruited plants may be dispersal limited, persisting primarily as ecological anachronisms. We fed captive 'Alalā a variety of native fruits, documented behaviors relating to seed dispersal, and measured the germination success of seeds that passed through the gut of 'Alalā relative to the germination success of seeds in control groups. 'Alalā ate and carried 14 native fruits and provided germination benefits to several species by ingesting their seeds. Our results suggest that some plants rely heavily on 'Alalā for these services. In captivity, juvenile birds displayed seed dispersal behaviors more often than adult birds for most fruiting plants in our study. We introduced captive 'Alalā to two large-fruited, dry-forest plants, not previously recorded as 'Alalā food resources, but which may once have been part of their natural diet. The seed dispersal behavior that 'Alalā displayed toward these species supports the inclusion of dry and mesic forests in 'Alalā habitat restoration plans and adds weight to the idea that plant dispersal limitation may contribute to the rarity of these plants. Our study provides evidence that 'Alalā have the capacity to play a vital role in maintaining the diversity of fruiting plants in native Hawaiian forests through seed dispersal and enhanced seed germination, thus adding greater urgency to efforts to restore 'Alalā to their former range.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan Culliney
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University, 1474 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Size dominance regulates tree spacing more than competition within height classes in tropical Cameroon. JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY 2010. [DOI: 10.1017/s0266467410000453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:Does competition prevail in large size classes of trees in tropical forests? This question is fundamental to our understanding of the demography and dynamics occurring in rain forests. We investigated this question based on an undisturbed late-secondary forest on a 1-ha plot in central Cameroon. Trees were stem-mapped and classified into three size classes: understorey, midstorey and overstorey. The diameter at breast height and yearly biomass increment were determined as measures of plant growth and performance. Spatial statistics such as pair- and mark-correlation functions were used to detect scale-dependent patterns that could be caused by competition within and between the three size classes. The results revealed a random pattern and spatially uncorrelated measures of plant growth of overstorey trees. This suggests that competitive effects are of minor importance in the large size class of overstorey trees. Likewise, only weak evidence for competition between trees was found within the two lower size classes. However, negative distance correlations were found between the different size classes. We suggest that competition within height classes was relatively low due to the diversity of species with their variable niche differentiations and phenotypic plasticity that may compensate for competitive effects.
Collapse
|